单词 | squatter |
释义 | squattern.1 1. a. U.S. and early Australian. A settler having no formal or legal title to the land occupied by him, esp. one thus occupying land in a district not yet surveyed or apportioned by the government. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > colonist or settler > [noun] > illegal settler squatter1788 sooner1890 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [noun] > pattering or spattering pit-a-pat1582 pit-a-pat-ationa1735 squatter1788 pattering1798 patter1822 splatter1827 pit-a-patting1844 pat1846 pitter-patter1863 spattering1866 1788 N. Gorham Let. 27 Jan. in J. Madison Papers (1977) X. 207 Many of them & their Constituents are only squatters upon other Peoples Land, & they are afraid of being brought to account. 1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. III. lxxiv. 160 Upon visiting his lands, he finds..possession taken by a race of men, (the settlers and lumberers,) who in this view are called squatters. 1830 J. Betts in Occas. Papers Univ. Sydney Austral. Lang. Res. Cent. (1965) No. 4. 13 A clan of people called ‘Squatters’. These were generally emancipated convicts, or ticket-of-leave men, who, having obtained a small grant, under the old system, or without any grant at all, sat themselves down in remote situations, and maintained large flocks, obtained generally, in very nefarious ways, by having the run of all the surrounding country. 1833 W. H. Breton Excursions New S. Wales 442 There are likewise in the colony certain persons called ‘squatters’ (the term is American) who are commonly..of the lowest grade. 1834 T. Pringle Afr. Sketches iii. 162 Engelbrecht is what in America would be called a Squatter. He has no land of his own. 1835 Sydney Gaz. 28 Apr. 2 In every part of the country squatters without any reasonable means of maintaining themselves by honesty, have formed stations, and evidently pursued a predatory warfare against the flocks and herds in the vicinity. 1856 J. G. Whittier Panorama 478 The hunted bison tires, And dies o'ertaken by the squatter's fires. b. An unauthorized occupant of land. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessor > [noun] > occupier > squatter inclosurer1665 squatter1849 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 359 At another time an impudent squatter settled himself there, and built a shed for rubbish. 1861 G. H. Kingsley in F. Galton Vacation Tourists & Trav. 1860 156 Hundreds of squatters from the neighbouring parts of Sutherland and Ross. a1887 R. Jefferies Toilers of Field (1892) 68 Commonly the squatters pitched on a piece of land..running parallel to the highway or lane. c. In figurative uses. ΚΠ 1821 S. T. Coleridge in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 10 250 An intrusive supernumerary or squatter in the same tenement and workshop. 1897 L. H. Bailey Princ. Fruit-growing 342 It will..be necessary to begin hunting for borers, and other squatters and campers. d. One who occupies an uninhabited building illegally (esp. as a member of an organized group). ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > inhabitant of house > squatter squatter1880 1880 W. H. Dixon Royal Windsor (ed. 3) IV. xxix. 269 The King's house was a wreck; the fanatic, the pilferer, and the squatter, having been at work. 1946 Times 12 Aug. 2/3 Doncaster Rural District Council has turned on the water supply for a colony of its ‘squatters’ in military huts at Sprotborough. 1952 M. Laski Village xiii. 185 The London squatters had moved into their flats and their hotels, and triumphantly held the police and all the authorities at bay. 1968 Guardian 2 Dec. 1/3 The London Squatters Campaign—formed three weeks ago. 1973 All Eng. Law Rep. 3 395 What is a squatter? He is one who, without any colour of right, enters on an unoccupied house or land, intending to stay there as long as he can. 1980 Oxf. Compan. Law 1171/2 A squatter is a trespasser and liable to criminal penalties if he forces entry against the opposition of the lawful occupier or if, having been warned, he fails to leave. 2. Australian and New Zealand. One occupying a tract of pastoral land as a tenant of the crown; a grazier or sheep-farmer, esp. on a large scale.In early Australian use (c1835–) the term was employed as in sense 1. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [noun] > sheep-farmer sheep-mastera1520 wool-master?1552 sheepman1591 tup-man1790 flock-master1798 sheep-farmer1805 tup-breeder1831 squatter1840 pastoralist1879 sheep-walker1885 wool king1889 wool-owner1894 sheep cocky1949 1840 G. Arden Austr. Felix 109 Under this license the squatter is protected. 1847 F. W. L. Leichhardt Jrnl. Overland Exped. Austral. Introd. p. xiv We were received with the greatest kindness by my friends the ‘Squatters’, a class principally composed of young men of good education, gentlemanly habits, and high principles. 1872 M. A. Barker Christmas Cake in Four Quarters iv. ii. 260 Amongst our most constant guests were the Scotch shepherds of a neighbouring ‘squatter’. 1889 R. C. Praed Romance of Station 12 I am glad to have married a squatter instead of a townsman. 1891 in Williams & Reeves Double Harness 34 I made a little poem on the cockey and the squatter. 1911 ‘Kiwi’ On the Swag iii. 8 Squatters came up in their buggies and waggonnettes, ‘cockies’ in their spring traps. 1933 L. G. D. Acland in Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) 30 Sept. 15/7 Cockatoo. Now usually abbreviated to cocky. An agricultural farmer, a small farmer, as opposed to a squatter or sheep farmer. 1959 P. R. Stephens in A. H. McLintock Descr. Atlas N.Z. 38 The squatters soon became the dominant political force in the new country. 3. a. A squatting person or animal. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action of crouching or squatting > [noun] > one who squatter1824 1824 T. Chalmers Let. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers (1850) III. ii. 17 Dr. Haldane was not one of the squatters, but somehow his dusty back got into the view of the audience. 1872 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David III. Ps. lxviii. 13 Their enemies may have called them squatters among the pots. 1894 Athenæum 3 Feb. 144/1 The portrait of a toad ‘from life’ is creditable alike to the artist and the sitter—or rather squatter. b. Australian. A bronze-wing pigeon of the genus Phaps, either P. elegans or P. chalcoptera. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [noun] > family Columbidae > member of genus Phaps squatter1872 squatter pigeon1881 flock pigeon1887 the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [noun] > family Columbidae > member of genus Phaps > phaps chalcoptera (bronze-wing) bronze-winged pigeon1832 bronze-wing pigeon1835 squatter1872 squatter pigeon1881 1872 C. H. Eden My Wife & I in Queensland 122 On the plains you find different kinds of pigeons, the squatters being most common,..crouching down to the ground quite motionless as you pass. c. Cricket. A ball which remains low on pitching; a shooter. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > bowling > [noun] > a ball bowled > types of delivery or ball full toss1826 long hop1830 twister1832 bail ball1833 bailer1833 grubber1837 slow ball1838 wide1838 ground ball1839 shooter1843 slower ball1846 twiddler1847 creeper1848 lob1851 sneak1851 sneaker1851 slow1854 bumper1855 teaser1856 daisy-cutter1857 popper1857 yorker1861 sharpshooter1863 headball1866 screwball1866 underhand1866 skimmerc1868 grub1870 ramrod1870 raymonder1870 round-armer1871 grass cutter1876 short pitch1877 leg break1878 lob ball1880 off-break1883 donkey-drop1888 tice1888 fast break1889 leg-breaker1892 kicker1894 spinner1895 wrong 'un1897 googly1903 fizzer1904 dolly1906 short ball1911 wrong 'un1911 bosie1912 bouncer1913 flyer1913 percher1913 finger-spinner1920 inswinger1920 outswinger1920 swinger1920 off-spinner1924 away swinger1925 Chinaman1929 overspinner1930 tweaker1938 riser1944 leg-cutter1949 seamer1952 leggy1954 off-cutter1955 squatter1955 flipper1959 lifter1959 cutter1960 beamer1961 loosener1962 doosra1999 1955 I. Peebles Ashes 109 In Statham's first over to Miller there were three ‘squatters’. 1959 Times 7 Aug. 4/4 Phelan failed by only a whisker to bowl Pataudi with a squatter. Compounds C1. General attributive. squatter magistrate n. ΚΠ 1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 214 To congratulate the squatter magistrate on his good fortune. C2. squatter camp n. (also squatters' camp) South African an area in or around a town, occupied (usually without permission) by the very poor for whom no housing provision has been made. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > part of town or city > [noun] > slum(s) rookery1824 slum1825 slumdom1882 warren1884 slummery1892 slumland1893 barrack yard1903 tenement yard1914 borgata1929 string slum1939 squatter camp1956 favela1961 1956 T. Huddleston Naught for your Comfort iii. 48 It is about ten or twelve miles from the centre of the city—a squatters' camp..a conglomeration of lean-to, corrugated-iron and mud-brick dwellings. 1956 T. Huddleston Naught for your Comfort vi. 106 I decided to fight it [sc. an eviction order]..even though it meant that the squatter camp, with all the inevitable hardships it must entail, would remain and would grow. 1970 Standard Encycl. Southern Afr. II. 141/1 That objective [sc. residential segregation] was realised in part by providing more and better housing for the Bantu and by demolishing squatters' camps and slums. 1986 Daily Tel. 7 Oct. 20/3 The Archbishop..parading around the squatter camp of Crossroads in South Africa, apparently under the impression that it was typical of the way black South Africans have to live. squatter pigeon n. Australian = sense 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [noun] > family Columbidae > member of genus Phaps squatter1872 squatter pigeon1881 flock pigeon1887 the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [noun] > family Columbidae > member of genus Phaps > phaps chalcoptera (bronze-wing) bronze-winged pigeon1832 bronze-wing pigeon1835 squatter1872 squatter pigeon1881 1881 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 69 For the first time I saw the squatter pigeon, a pretty little brown dove, that derives its name from its habit of squatting on the ground. squatter sovereignty n. U.S. the right claimed by the inhabitants of newly-formed territories to settle for themselves the question of slavery or other institutions. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > direct rule, devolution, or trusteeship > [noun] > squatter sovereignty squatter sovereignty1854 1854 in Rep. 200, Ho. Representatives 34th Congr., 1st Sess. 954 We are in favor of bona fide squatter sovereignty. 1860 J. R. Lowell Election in Nov. in Prose Wks. (1890) V. 25 The Pro-Slavery party..here..represents Squatter-Sovereignty, and there the power of Congress over the Territories. 1894 J. Fiske Hist. Amer. 342 The doctrine of ‘squatter sovereignty’; not Congress, but the ‘squatters’ were to be the supreme authority on the great question. It was the principle of ‘local option’ applied to slavery. squatter's right n. (also squatters' rights, †squatter right, squatters' right) originally U.S. the right of a squatter to the land on which he has settled; also in extended and figurative use. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > [noun] > as squatter > squatter's rights squatter's right1854 society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > [noun] > rights of occupying ground or land headright1703 groundage1721 squatter's right1854 1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 54 These are all the materials excepting the timber, stones and sand, which I claimed by squatter's right. 1857 T. H. Gladstone Englishman in Kansas 168 The ‘squatter-right’ to a lot of ground is bought and sold on the strength of the law..which asserts its power by rifle and tomahawk. 1883 Brandon (Manitoba) Daily Mail 24 Feb. 4/2 The infernal row you are all making up there about grievances, monopolies, squatters' rights, etc. 1944 N. Streatfeild Curtain Up xvi. 222 A talent once accepted acquired squatter's rights, as it were. 1958 B. Hamilton Too Much of Water x. 209 They had, by constant use.., almost acquired squatters' rights over a small table in the aft corner. 1968 E. S. Russenholt Heart of Continent ii. v. 76 Families already living along the Assiniboine, exercise ‘squatter's rights’, and lay claim to the newly-surveyed River Lots. 1973 ‘Trevanian’ Loo Sanction 207 The lone painter..had come to assume over the years that the space, the stove, and the tea were his by squatter's right. squatter state n. (see quot. 1872). ΚΠ 1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 659 It [Kansas] appears occasionally as Squatter State, from the pertinacity with which the squatter-sovereignty was discussed there. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online March 2022). squattern.2 Scottish. Sputtering, spatter; a loud fluttering noise. ΚΠ a1813 A. Wilson Poems & Lit. Prose (1876) II. 38 Frae his devilish mouth the froth Flew aff wi' squatter. 1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge xx. 370 Such a squatter..as a flock of a thousand teal..rose into the air with a loud rushing noise. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online June 2021). squatterv.ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > act or do vigorously [verb (intransitive)] > be brisk or active > bustle > fuss or make a fuss nytelc1400 to make a matter1549 to keep a coil1568 squatter1593 fiddle-faddle1633 to play hell (with)1750 fuss1792 to play hell and Tommy1825 piggle1836 palavera1840 to make a time1844 to make a time1844 friggle1848 fussify1868 to make a production of (or out of)1941 1593 G. Harvey New Let. in Wks. (1884) I. 282 I haue not bene squattering at my papers for nothing, and..I can dawbe with my incke like none of the Muses. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > excretory disorders > have excretory disorder [verb (intransitive)] > diarrhoea skittera1400 squirt1530 scutter1565 squatter1598 squitter1611 shoota1642 skit1805 run1849 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Squaccarare, to squatter, to squirt or lash it out behind after a purgation. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Aller long, to haue a squirt, to squatter out behind. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > scatter (things) about in disorder scatterc1330 sparplea1350 tedc1560 straggle1589 squatter1611 disparple1613 flurr1661 litter1734 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Escarter, to sheed, squatter, throw about, or abroad. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Espancher, to squatter, spill, sheed, or poure out disorderedly, or in hast. 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. xxvii. 127 To some others he..squattered into pieces the boughts or pestles of their thighs. 4. a. intransitive. To fly or run, to struggle along, to make one's way, among water or wet with much splashing or flapping. Const. away, out of, through, etc. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > with specific noise squatter1786 clatter1810 creak1834 crunch1853 craunch1857 chuff1899 squish1952 1786 R. Burns Poems 58 Awa ye squatter'd like a drake, On whistling wings. 1790 A. Wilson Poems 224 Three years thro' muirs an' bogs I've squattert. 1825 W. Scott Let. 20 Mar. (1935) IX. 36 I climbd Bennarty like a wild goat,..and squatterd through your drains like a wild duck. 1853 C. Brontë Villette II. xxvi. 246 A little callow gosling squattering out of bounds without leave. 1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies iii. 117 Where the wild ducks squatter up from among the white water-lilies. 1885 J. Ruskin Præterita I. v. 143 He pitched the boy..into the..Canal,..but I believe the lad squattered to the bank without help. b. To flutter, flap, or struggle among water or soft mud. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > movement in or on water > move in or on water [verb (intransitive)] > splash or move about in (shallow) water swalter?a1400 puddle1440 swalperc1540 swatter?1553 poss1575 soss1575 dabble1611 dibble1622 switter?a1800 plouter1808 squatter1808 slosh1844 splosh1930 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. To Squatter, to flutter in water, as a wild duck, &c. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log I. i. 18 A six-pound shot drove our boat into staves, and all hands were the next moment squattering in the water. 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 259 We..were all soon squattering about on our own account in the elephant bath. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.11788n.2a1813v.1593 |
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