springern.¹

Brit.

/ˈsprɪŋə/, U.S.

/ˈsprɪŋər/

Forms: see spring v.¹ and -er suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: spring v.¹, -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < spring v.¹ + -er suffix¹.Compare Middle Dutch, Dutch springer , Middle Low German springer , Old High German, Middle High German springer (German Springer ), Norwegian springar , Middle Swedish, Swedish springare , Danish springer (already in early modern Danish), in early use often with reference to dancers. Compare also Anglo-Norman espringur and Old French (north-east.) espringheur dancer (13th cent., rare), apparently < espringer to dance (see spring v.¹ and compare spring n.²) + -ur -our suffix. Specific senses. With use with reference to a young person (see sense 3b) compare earlier springald n. With use with reference to the source of a problem (see sense 1) compare spring n.¹ 2b. With use with reference to the shoots of a plant (see sense 4a) compare earlier spring n.¹ 22a(a). With use with reference to snares (see sense 5b) compare earlier springe n. and spring n.³ With use with reference to leaping fish and cetaceans (see sense 6a) compare German Springer, denoting various animals, including dolphins, tuna, and flying fish (1688 in the passage translated in quot. 1700²); with South African uses compare also Dutch springer , denoting various animals (18th cent. or earlier) and Afrikaans springer tenpounder. In springer antelope at sense 9 probably after South African Dutch springbok springbok n. Surname evidence. Earlier currency may be implied by surnames, e.g. William Springer (1185), Simone Springer (1296), Richard Springere (1302). Analysis of the following instance is uncertain; it may show an earlier example of this word as an occupational term (perhaps ‘dancer, acrobat’, or perhaps ‘maker or user of traps’):1346–7 Freeman's Rolls in Kent Rec. (1964) XVIII. 201 Thomas Pitreham, Sprynger, de hWytstaple.

†1. A source, an origin. Obsolete.

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the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [noun]

welleOE

mothereOE

ordeOE

wellspringeOE

fathereOE

headeOE

oreOE

wellspringOE

rootc1175

morea1200

beginningc1200

head wella1325

sourcec1374

principlea1382

risinga1382

springinga1382

fountain14..

springerc1410

nativity?a1425

racinea1425

spring1435

headspring?a1439

seminaryc1440

originationc1443

spring wellc1450

sourdre1477

primordialc1487

naissance1490

wellhead?1492

offspringa1500

conduit-head1517

damc1540

springhead1547

principium1550

mint1555

principal1555

centre1557

head fountain1563

parentage1581

rise1589

spawna1591

fount1594

parent1597

taproot1601

origin1604

fountainhead1606

radix1607

springa1616

abundary1622

rist1622

primitive1628

primary1632

land-spring1642

extraction1655

upstart1669

progenerator1692

fontala1711

well-eye1826

first birth1838

ancestry1880

Quelle1893

c1410 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Harl. 7334) (1885) §387 Now ben þay cleped chiueteyns, For als moche as þay ben chief and springers [c1405 Hengwrt sprynge, c1405 Ellesmere spryngen] of alle oþere synnes.

2. Architecture. The point from which an arch or vault rises; the support or impost at each end of an arch. Cf. later spring n.¹ 9a, spring v.¹ 17b.

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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > parts of

coin1350

pendant1359

voussoir1359

springer1435

spandrel1477

spring?1553

pitch1615

kneeler1617

gimmalsa1652

face1664

of the third point1672

turn1677

sweep1685

hance1700

skew-back1700

summering1700

springing1703

tympan1704

hip1726

reins1726

rib1726

third point1728

quoin1730

archivolt1731

opening1739

soffit1739

shoulder1744

extrados1772

intrados1772

haunch1793

arch-stone1828

twist1840

coign1843

architrave1849

escoinçon1867

pulvino1907

pin1928

1435 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1992) vi. 115 Spryngers.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Imposte,..the springer of an arched gate, the moulding that bears th' arch.

1669 C. Wren Surv. Salisbury Cathedral in Parentalia (1750) 304 The whole Church is..without Orbs and Tracery, excepting under the Tower, where the Springers divide.

1751 C. Labelye Descr. Westm. Bridge 75 The N.W. Springers of the middle Arch.

1772 C. Hutton Princ. Bridges 60 The height of the pier to the springer 18 feet.

1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 127/2 A string-course or springer of stone for the abutments of cast-iron ribs which are to carry the crown of the arch.

a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 60 The ribs, all meeting in a solid springer at the foot, brought down the pressure, and deposited it firmly upon the points of support.

1943 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 47 423 The cornice is in reality a marble springer course between the brickwork of the pendentives and that of the dome.

1998 Proc. 2nd Internat. Arch Bridge Conf. 62/2 The stone elements were the frontons, the cornices, the keystones, the quoins at the reins and possibly the springers.

a. A person or animal that jumps or leaps, esp. energetically. Now rare except in sense 6.

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the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > [noun] > one who or that which

leaperc1325

loper1483

vaulter1552

gamboller1587

springer1609

jumper1611

kangaroo1865

1609 T. Heywood Troia Britanica v. sig. M2 Yon dances; I affect a lusty springer, And on such capting legges who could not dote.

1654 T. White Apol. Rushworth's Dialogues 18 Among all, one quick springer would be found, who could make his jump from hence to the Capitol.

1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. II. 96 They are also called springers, or leapers, from the agility with which they leap, rather than walk along this rugged and mountainous country.

1827 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) IV. 89 Which is being interpreted, the Leaper, or the Springer.

1925 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 25 July 166/1 All bifoveate primates were jumpers or springers.

1997 C. Wallace-Crabbe Sel. Poems 19 Self Is the springer, The limber light evader shooting through Past all our fences.

b. English regional. A youth, an adolescent. rare.

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a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Springer, a youth.

1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 287/1 Springer, an adolescent suddenly shooting up in height and growing out of everything.

c. Nautical slang. A physical fitness instructor in the navy.

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society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier with special duty > [noun] > instructor > in drill

trainer1598

drill-sergeant1803

drill-master1870

drill-instructor1876

bungee1915

springer1935

basher1942

square-basher1959

1935 Notes & Queries 29 June 465/1 The officer in charge of physical training was known in my ship..as ‘Bunje’. The modern term is ‘Springer’.

1964 J. Hale Grudge Fight vi. 93 The springers all fancy their chance in the training line.

1990 L. Le Bailly Man around Engine ii. 20 They were all there..: Guns and Torps, the Springer and the Pilot, the Schoolie and the Chief and the Senior.

†4.

a. The shoot of a tree or plant; a young tree growing naturally from the stump of an old one. Cf. spring n.¹ 22a(a). Obsolete.

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the world > plants > by growth or development > [noun] > growing plant

grower1562

springer1615

comer1626

shooter1731

1615 D. Digges Def. Trade 28 Tall and goodly Trees doe neuer proue of Tillers, second springers out of olde decayed stockes.

1706 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 4) iv. 329 The young Men and Maidens..go out into the Woods and Copp'ces, cut down and spoil young Springers to dress up their May-Booth.

1843 J. Castillo Awd Isaac 50 Alas! where's now the grove? The trees are gone!.. A few remaining springers yet survive.

b. English regional. A tall variety of the horse mushroom ( Agaricus arvensis). Obsolete.

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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > mushrooms or edible fungi > mushroom > types of

champignon1578

meadow mushroom1597

goat's beard1640

button mushroom1708

flap1744

flab?18..

whitecap1801

nutmeg-boletus1813

blewits1830

mitre mushroom1854

St. George's mushroom1854

springer1860

cheese-room1865

horse mushroom1866

oyster mushroom1875

redmilk1882

beef-steak fungus1886

blusher1887

shaggy cap1894

shaggy mane1895

maitake1905

shiitake1925

oysterc1950

miller1954

porcino1954

saffron milk cap1954

old man of the woods1972

portobello1985

1860 Gardeners' Chron. 24 Nov. 1039/1 Agaricus arvensis or the Horse Mushroom, the tall variety of this species..known in the midland counties under the name of Springers, which has occurred this summer by thousands in a single ring.

1884 Leicester Chron. & Leics. Mercury 13 Dec. 5/3 Mr. T. Hoden..gathered in one of his fields nine very fine mushrooms of the kind known as ‘springers’, all growing in the open.

†a. Angling. A spring hook. Obsolete. rare.

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the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > hook > [noun] > hooks fastened together

snap-hook1688

snapper1688

springer1688

jigger1815

snap1839

dree-draw1850

stroke-haul1850

triangle1867

gang1879

black doctor1883

murderer1883

trap-hook1883

treble hook1895

treble1897

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xxii. 277 The second is a Spring Hooke, or Springer; it is a kind of double Hook with a spring,..which being strucken into the mouth of any fish, the 2 hooks fly asunder, and so keeps the fish mouth open.

b. A snare used to catch birds or other small game. Cf. springe n. 1. Somewhat rare in later use.

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the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > trap or snare > [noun]

grinc825

trapa1000

snarea1100

swikea1100

granea1250

springec1275

gina1300

gnarea1325

stringc1325

trebuchet1362

latch?a1366

leashc1374

snarlc1380

foot gina1382

foot-grina1382

traina1393

sinewa1400

snatcha1400

foot trapa1425

haucepyc1425

slingc1425

engine1481

swar1488

frame1509

brakea1529

fang1535

fall trap1570

spring1578

box-trapa1589

spring trapa1589

sprint1599

noosec1600

springle1602

springe1607

toil1607

plage1608

deadfall1631

puppy snatch1650

snickle1681

steel trap1735

figure (of) four1743

gun-trap1749

stamp1788

stell1801

springer1813

sprent1822

livetrap1823

snaphance1831

catch pole1838

twitch-up1841

basket-trap1866

pole trap1879

steel fall1895

tread-trap1952

conibear trap1957

conibear1958

1813 G. Montagu Suppl. Ornithol. Dict. at Woodcock Springes or springers are usually set in moist places on the verge of woods.

1844 Boy's Treasury 239 The springer flies up, ensnaring the poor bird in the slip-knot.

1909 Emu 8 220 A favourite place to set a ‘springer’ was just where a wallaby would land after leaping over a gully.

2006 D. McDuff tr. L. Tolstoy Cossacks 32 Where did you get that cock pheasant? Must have been in my ‘springer’.

a. Any of various kinds of fish noted for springing or leaping out of the water; esp. the South African mullet, Liza richardsonii, the skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, and (South African) the tenpounder, Elops machnata. Formerly also: †a dolphin or other cetacean similarly characterized (obsolete rare).

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the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Odontoceti > [noun] > family Delphinidae > genus Orcinus (killer whale)

grampusa1529

orcc1590

herring-hoga1641

orca1653

springer1700

thrasher1709

killer whale1726

grampus-whale1744

thresher1787

sword-whale1860

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > [noun] > suborder Mugiloidei (mullets) > family Mugilidae > genus Mugil > member of (mullet)

mullet1393

mugila1398

mowel?a1500

harder1658

springer1700

kanae1820

calipeva1832

pudding-ball1847

macho1882

1700 Fountainhall Decisions II. 98 A young whale called a springer.

1700 S. L. tr. C. Schweitzer Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 261 We saw an infinite number of Fishes, called Springers [Ger. die wir Springer heissen]; their length is generally about 6 or 7 foot, and about as much in thickness.

1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. 137 Tobiwo is what the Dutch call a Springer (Flying-fish) [Ger. Tobiwo, das ist ein Springer] because it leaps out of the water.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Springer, in ichthyology, a name given by authors to the grampus, or arca [read orca].

1785 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope II. 285 In some of the rivers..there is not a fish to be seen; and in others only a few bastard springers, as they are called, (cyprinus gonorynchus) which are scarcely so big as a common herring.

1823 W. W. Bird State of Cape of Good Hope 160 Few fish are found in the rivers, on the Cape side of the mountains, except small fish, called Karpers and springers, which are excellent, and eels.

1853 L. Pappe Synopsis Edible Fishes Cape Good Hope 27 Mugil Multilineatus... Springer; Leaping Mullet.

1913 W. C. Scully Further Reminisc. 245 To me the most enjoyable sport was that obtained at night by following the shoals of ‘springers’ in a boat with a lighted lantern hung over the prow.

1953 R. Campbell Mamba's Precipice 73 ‘Look, it's a springer,’ cried Michael, as a beautiful white fish leapt from the water.

1985 S. Afr. Panorama July 31 These lakes are the typical habitat of large mullet, or springer, which is a fine eating fish and traditionally sought after by local residents.

b. Angling. A salmon that has recently entered a river from the sea.This sense could represent a distinct word derived from spring n.¹ 17a (cf. spring salmon n. at spring n.¹ Compounds 3e(c)(ii)), though the allusion to this origin in quot. 2005 may be a subsequent reinterpretation; springers are caught on some Scottish rivers in January and February.

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the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Salmo > salmo salar (salmon) > lately come from sea

springer1886

1886 Field 23 Jan. 106/2 Only one succeeded in landing a fish, viz., Tom Murphy, who got a nice springer [i.e. salmon], weighing 11½ lb.

1893 Daily News 23 Feb. 6/4 The newly run fish which the Irish fisherman calls a ‘springer’.

2005 B. Lopez in Granta Summer 76 The fish are more properly called spring chinook, or springers, because they cross the bar at the mouth of the Columbia River in the spring.

a. Originally: any breed of spaniel developed as a gun dog; (in later use) either of two such breeds, the English springer and the Welsh springer. Also: a dog of one of these breeds. Cf. springing adj. 7.

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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > other types of dog > [noun] > spaniel > land or water > varieties of

springer1749

King Charles1780

English springer1808

Marlborough dog1822

cocker spaniel1829

Marlborough1831

Blenheim1839

Norfolk spaniel1845

King Charles1848

Sussex spaniel1856

field spaniel1859

clumber1865

Norfolk1867

Japanese spaniel1880

Welsh springer1903

Tibetan spaniel1905

Brittany spaniel1936

Brittany1945

1749 Gen. Advertiser Apr. 26 A Yellow and White, Spotted, Springer BITCH.

1806 Derby Mercury 17 Apr. Taken Up, A Rough Liver coloured, and White Springer Dog.

1845 W. Youatt Dog iii. 45 The largest and best breed of springers is said to be in Sussex.

c1880 Cassell's Nat. Hist. II. 132 The Springer is used for the same purpose as the Cocker, but is a larger, stronger, and steadier Dog.

1932 Times 6 June 18/4 At that time we had over 30 dogs, golden retrievers and springers, kennelled here.

1979 Review No. 6. 15/3 There's a dog called Barney, a springer, and he's seven years old.

2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 30 Oct. viii. 12/3 The 10 dogs at the clinic included five cockers and five springers.

†b. A person who causes game to rise from the ground or from cover during a shoot. Obsolete. rare.

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1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Springer, one who rouses game.

1767 J. Walsh Let. 12 Nov. in L. Namier & J. Brooke House of Commons 1754–90 (1985) III. 331/1 He is a good springer of game but not always the properest for hunting it down.

8. A cow or heifer which is producing milk; (also) a cow or heifer near to calving. Cf. spring v.¹ 34.

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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > cow > [noun] > that gives birth > that is pregnant or about to give birth

springer1765

incalver1886

1765 C. Varlo Treat. Agric. 232 The next year when the cows were dry, they might be changed for springers.

1781 People Nearly Brought to Ruin 7 Our wives and children will starve for want of milk, if we can't get credit for the difference between the dry cow and the springer.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 445 About a fortnight before the time of reckoning, symptoms of calving indicate themselves in the cow... The heifers which exhibit them are springers.

1891 Australasian 15 Aug. 320/4 A full number of cattle yarded for the week's supply, comprising milkers, springers, and dry cows.

1933 Times 23 Dec. 10/6 An order prohibiting..the export to Great Britain and Northern Ireland of live cattle, except milch cows, springers, calves under six months, and bulls for service.

2002 Successful Farming Sept. 58/2 The growth of the super dairies with 1,000 cows or more has created a good market for springers.

†9. More fully springer antelope. The springbok, Antidorcas marsupialis. Obsolete.

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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > antelope > [noun] > subfamily Antilopinae > genus Antidoreas (springbok)

springbok1776

springbuck1776

springer1781

trek-bok1824

1781 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds I. 82 The Springer Antelope..weighs about fifty pounds, and is rather lesser than a roebuck.

1785 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope II. 139 This tract of country..harboured a considerable number of springers, quaggas, and hartbeests.

1827 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom IV. 208 The Springer Antelope..is the largest of a small subordinate group.

1827 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom IV. 208 The Springer resembles the Dorcas of nomenclators, but is nearly a third larger in size.

1899 Northern Echo 14 Nov. The case contains horns of..the springbok, or the springer antelope.

†10. A person who sets off a mine. Obsolete. rare.

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society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > one who lays or operates mines or bombs > [noun]

mine master1598

petarder1611

petardier1632

miner1692

springer1860

explosionist1868

dynamitard1882

dynamitist1882

dynamiter1883

dynamiteur1883

bomb-thrower1891

bomber1915

car bomber1919

letter bomber1947

firebomber1957

plastiqueur1961

1860 G. Meredith Evan Harrington xxxi, in Once a Week 28 July 113/2 The springers of the mine about to explode.

11. Originally Horse Racing slang. A racehorse on which the betting odds suddenly shorten.

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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > [noun] > horse by performance

lightweight1773

sticker1779

maiden1807

favourite1813

mile-horse1829

outsider1836

heavyweight1857

stayer1862

stoner1862

rank outsider1869

pick1872

pot1874

timer1881

resurrectionist1883

short head1883

pea1888

cert1889

stiffa1890

wrong 'un1889

on the mark1890

place horse1890

top-weight1892

miler1894

also-ran1895

selection1901

loser1902

hotpot1904

roughie1908

co-favourite1922

readier1922

springer1922

fav1935

scratch1938

no-hoper1943

shoo-in1950

scorer1974

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > racehorse > defined by betting odds (miscellaneous)

hot favourite1864

job1889

springer1922

1922 E. Wallace Flying Fifty-five xi. 67 The ‘springer’ in the market, the horse that opened at ten to one and came rapidly to five to two.

1961 ‘J. Prescot’ Case for Hearing iv. 61 Plenty of punters like to know how the market's moving so that they can go for the ‘springer’, the horse that suddenly shortens in price because someone in the know slaps a lot of money on at the last possible moment.

2014 Daily Tel. 19 Dec. (Sport section) 14/1 Shelford is being treated more seriously and, down to 6–1 with the sponsors, has been one of the springers in the market.

Compounds

springer spaniel n. either of two breeds of spaniel developed as a gun dog, the English springer and the Welsh springer; a dog of one of these breeds; (in early use also) any of several breeds of spaniel developed for flushing out and retrieving game.In early use springer spaniels and cocker spaniels were distinguished only by their relative sizes rather than forming truly distinct breeds, representatives of both often appearing in the same litter.

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1813 London Pilot 1 Sept. 1 (advt.) Spaniel Springers.]

1841 Boston Morning Post 21 Jan. 1/5 (advt.) Springer spaniel dog, thoroughly trained.

1847 J. White & W. H. Rosser Improved Art Farriery 448 The springer is of two kinds; the larger breed being known under the appellation of the springer-spaniel; and the other, the cocker, or cock-spaniel.

1861 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) I. 268 The three Dogs which are represented in the engraving are examples of the three most celebrated breeds of Springer Spaniels.

1908 F.T. Barton Dog in Health, Accident, & Dis. 84 The English Springer Spaniel. Although the term is somewhat vague, the Kennel Club have classes for English Springers other than Clumber, Sussex, or Field spaniels, and these classes have at recent shows been tolerably well filled.

2003 Daily Tel. 1 Dec. 10/5 A Springer spaniel will join the select group of dogs, horses, pigeons and a cat awarded the Dickin Medal, the highest award for animal bravery in wartime.

† springer-up [apparently after to spring up (perhaps compare spring v.¹ 32b)] slang Obsolete rare a tailor who sells ready-made clothes (as opposed to fitted ones).

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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > [noun] > tailor > other tailors

merchant tailor1533

cardower1825

springer-up1851

whip-the-cat1851

Jew1916

society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of clothes > specific type

gaunter1415

hosierc1440

glover1464

springer-up1851

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 51/2 One of these [tailors] is considered somewhat ‘slop’, or as a coster called him, a ‘springer-up’.

1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang 99 Springer-up, a tailor who sells low priced ready made clothing... The clothes are said to be ‘sprung up’, or ‘blown together’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	springer
释义	springern.¹ Brit. /ˈsprɪŋə/, U.S. /ˈsprɪŋər/ Forms: see spring v.¹ and -er suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: spring v.¹, -er suffix¹. Etymology: < spring v.¹ + -er suffix¹.Compare Middle Dutch, Dutch springer , Middle Low German springer , Old High German, Middle High German springer (German Springer ), Norwegian springar , Middle Swedish, Swedish springare , Danish springer (already in early modern Danish), in early use often with reference to dancers. Compare also Anglo-Norman espringur and Old French (north-east.) espringheur dancer (13th cent., rare), apparently < espringer to dance (see spring v.¹ and compare spring n.²) + -ur -our suffix. Specific senses. With use with reference to a young person (see sense 3b) compare earlier springald n. With use with reference to the source of a problem (see sense 1) compare spring n.¹ 2b. With use with reference to the shoots of a plant (see sense 4a) compare earlier spring n.¹ 22a(a). With use with reference to snares (see sense 5b) compare earlier springe n. and spring n.³ With use with reference to leaping fish and cetaceans (see sense 6a) compare German Springer, denoting various animals, including dolphins, tuna, and flying fish (1688 in the passage translated in quot. 1700²); with South African uses compare also Dutch springer , denoting various animals (18th cent. or earlier) and Afrikaans springer tenpounder. In springer antelope at sense 9 probably after South African Dutch springbok springbok n. Surname evidence. Earlier currency may be implied by surnames, e.g. William Springer (1185), Simone Springer (1296), Richard Springere (1302). Analysis of the following instance is uncertain; it may show an earlier example of this word as an occupational term (perhaps ‘dancer, acrobat’, or perhaps ‘maker or user of traps’):1346–7 Freeman's Rolls in Kent Rec. (1964) XVIII. 201 Thomas Pitreham, Sprynger, de hWytstaple. †1. A source, an origin. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [noun] welleOE mothereOE ordeOE wellspringeOE fathereOE headeOE oreOE wellspringOE rootc1175 morea1200 beginningc1200 head wella1325 sourcec1374 principlea1382 risinga1382 springinga1382 fountain14.. springerc1410 nativity?a1425 racinea1425 spring1435 headspring?a1439 seminaryc1440 originationc1443 spring wellc1450 sourdre1477 primordialc1487 naissance1490 wellhead?1492 offspringa1500 conduit-head1517 damc1540 springhead1547 principium1550 mint1555 principal1555 centre1557 head fountain1563 parentage1581 rise1589 spawna1591 fount1594 parent1597 taproot1601 origin1604 fountainhead1606 radix1607 springa1616 abundary1622 rist1622 primitive1628 primary1632 land-spring1642 extraction1655 upstart1669 progenerator1692 fontala1711 well-eye1826 first birth1838 ancestry1880 Quelle1893 c1410 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Harl. 7334) (1885) §387 Now ben þay cleped chiueteyns, For als moche as þay ben chief and springers [c1405 Hengwrt sprynge, c1405 Ellesmere spryngen] of alle oþere synnes. 2. Architecture. The point from which an arch or vault rises; the support or impost at each end of an arch. Cf. later spring n.¹ 9a, spring v.¹ 17b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > parts of coin1350 pendant1359 voussoir1359 springer1435 spandrel1477 spring?1553 pitch1615 kneeler1617 gimmalsa1652 face1664 of the third point1672 turn1677 sweep1685 hance1700 skew-back1700 summering1700 springing1703 tympan1704 hip1726 reins1726 rib1726 third point1728 quoin1730 archivolt1731 opening1739 soffit1739 shoulder1744 extrados1772 intrados1772 haunch1793 arch-stone1828 twist1840 coign1843 architrave1849 escoinçon1867 pulvino1907 pin1928 1435 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1992) vi. 115 Spryngers. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Imposte,..the springer of an arched gate, the moulding that bears th' arch. 1669 C. Wren Surv. Salisbury Cathedral in Parentalia (1750) 304 The whole Church is..without Orbs and Tracery, excepting under the Tower, where the Springers divide. 1751 C. Labelye Descr. Westm. Bridge 75 The N.W. Springers of the middle Arch. 1772 C. Hutton Princ. Bridges 60 The height of the pier to the springer 18 feet. 1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 127/2 A string-course or springer of stone for the abutments of cast-iron ribs which are to carry the crown of the arch. a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 60 The ribs, all meeting in a solid springer at the foot, brought down the pressure, and deposited it firmly upon the points of support. 1943 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 47 423 The cornice is in reality a marble springer course between the brickwork of the pendentives and that of the dome. 1998 Proc. 2nd Internat. Arch Bridge Conf. 62/2 The stone elements were the frontons, the cornices, the keystones, the quoins at the reins and possibly the springers. 3. a. A person or animal that jumps or leaps, esp. energetically. Now rare except in sense 6. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > [noun] > one who or that which leaperc1325 loper1483 vaulter1552 gamboller1587 springer1609 jumper1611 kangaroo1865 1609 T. Heywood Troia Britanica v. sig. M2 Yon dances; I affect a lusty springer, And on such capting legges who could not dote. 1654 T. White Apol. Rushworth's Dialogues 18 Among all, one quick springer would be found, who could make his jump from hence to the Capitol. 1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. II. 96 They are also called springers, or leapers, from the agility with which they leap, rather than walk along this rugged and mountainous country. 1827 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) IV. 89 Which is being interpreted, the Leaper, or the Springer. 1925 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 25 July 166/1 All bifoveate primates were jumpers or springers. 1997 C. Wallace-Crabbe Sel. Poems 19 Self Is the springer, The limber light evader shooting through Past all our fences. b. English regional. A youth, an adolescent. rare. ΚΠ a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Springer, a youth. 1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 287/1 Springer, an adolescent suddenly shooting up in height and growing out of everything. c. Nautical slang. A physical fitness instructor in the navy. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier with special duty > [noun] > instructor > in drill trainer1598 drill-sergeant1803 drill-master1870 drill-instructor1876 bungee1915 springer1935 basher1942 square-basher1959 1935 Notes & Queries 29 June 465/1 The officer in charge of physical training was known in my ship..as ‘Bunje’. The modern term is ‘Springer’. 1964 J. Hale Grudge Fight vi. 93 The springers all fancy their chance in the training line. 1990 L. Le Bailly Man around Engine ii. 20 They were all there..: Guns and Torps, the Springer and the Pilot, the Schoolie and the Chief and the Senior. †4. a. The shoot of a tree or plant; a young tree growing naturally from the stump of an old one. Cf. spring n.¹ 22a(a). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > [noun] > growing plant grower1562 springer1615 comer1626 shooter1731 1615 D. Digges Def. Trade 28 Tall and goodly Trees doe neuer proue of Tillers, second springers out of olde decayed stockes. 1706 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 4) iv. 329 The young Men and Maidens..go out into the Woods and Copp'ces, cut down and spoil young Springers to dress up their May-Booth. 1843 J. Castillo Awd Isaac 50 Alas! where's now the grove? The trees are gone!.. A few remaining springers yet survive. b. English regional. A tall variety of the horse mushroom ( Agaricus arvensis). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > mushrooms or edible fungi > mushroom > types of champignon1578 meadow mushroom1597 goat's beard1640 button mushroom1708 flap1744 flab?18.. whitecap1801 nutmeg-boletus1813 blewits1830 mitre mushroom1854 St. George's mushroom1854 springer1860 cheese-room1865 horse mushroom1866 oyster mushroom1875 redmilk1882 beef-steak fungus1886 blusher1887 shaggy cap1894 shaggy mane1895 maitake1905 shiitake1925 oysterc1950 miller1954 porcino1954 saffron milk cap1954 old man of the woods1972 portobello1985 1860 Gardeners' Chron. 24 Nov. 1039/1 Agaricus arvensis or the Horse Mushroom, the tall variety of this species..known in the midland counties under the name of Springers, which has occurred this summer by thousands in a single ring. 1884 Leicester Chron. & Leics. Mercury 13 Dec. 5/3 Mr. T. Hoden..gathered in one of his fields nine very fine mushrooms of the kind known as ‘springers’, all growing in the open. 5. †a. Angling. A spring hook. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > hook > [noun] > hooks fastened together snap-hook1688 snapper1688 springer1688 jigger1815 snap1839 dree-draw1850 stroke-haul1850 triangle1867 gang1879 black doctor1883 murderer1883 trap-hook1883 treble hook1895 treble1897 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xxii. 277 The second is a Spring Hooke, or Springer; it is a kind of double Hook with a spring,..which being strucken into the mouth of any fish, the 2 hooks fly asunder, and so keeps the fish mouth open. b. A snare used to catch birds or other small game. Cf. springe n. 1. Somewhat rare in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > trap or snare > [noun] grinc825 trapa1000 snarea1100 swikea1100 granea1250 springec1275 gina1300 gnarea1325 stringc1325 trebuchet1362 latch?a1366 leashc1374 snarlc1380 foot gina1382 foot-grina1382 traina1393 sinewa1400 snatcha1400 foot trapa1425 haucepyc1425 slingc1425 engine1481 swar1488 frame1509 brakea1529 fang1535 fall trap1570 spring1578 box-trapa1589 spring trapa1589 sprint1599 noosec1600 springle1602 springe1607 toil1607 plage1608 deadfall1631 puppy snatch1650 snickle1681 steel trap1735 figure (of) four1743 gun-trap1749 stamp1788 stell1801 springer1813 sprent1822 livetrap1823 snaphance1831 catch pole1838 twitch-up1841 basket-trap1866 pole trap1879 steel fall1895 tread-trap1952 conibear trap1957 conibear1958 1813 G. Montagu Suppl. Ornithol. Dict. at Woodcock Springes or springers are usually set in moist places on the verge of woods. 1844 Boy's Treasury 239 The springer flies up, ensnaring the poor bird in the slip-knot. 1909 Emu 8 220 A favourite place to set a ‘springer’ was just where a wallaby would land after leaping over a gully. 2006 D. McDuff tr. L. Tolstoy Cossacks 32 Where did you get that cock pheasant? Must have been in my ‘springer’. 6. a. Any of various kinds of fish noted for springing or leaping out of the water; esp. the South African mullet, Liza richardsonii, the skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, and (South African) the tenpounder, Elops machnata. Formerly also: †a dolphin or other cetacean similarly characterized (obsolete rare). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Odontoceti > [noun] > family Delphinidae > genus Orcinus (killer whale) grampusa1529 orcc1590 herring-hoga1641 orca1653 springer1700 thrasher1709 killer whale1726 grampus-whale1744 thresher1787 sword-whale1860 the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > [noun] > suborder Mugiloidei (mullets) > family Mugilidae > genus Mugil > member of (mullet) mullet1393 mugila1398 mowel?a1500 harder1658 springer1700 kanae1820 calipeva1832 pudding-ball1847 macho1882 1700 Fountainhall Decisions II. 98 A young whale called a springer. 1700 S. L. tr. C. Schweitzer Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 261 We saw an infinite number of Fishes, called Springers [Ger. die wir Springer heissen]; their length is generally about 6 or 7 foot, and about as much in thickness. 1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. 137 Tobiwo is what the Dutch call a Springer (Flying-fish) [Ger. Tobiwo, das ist ein Springer] because it leaps out of the water. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Springer, in ichthyology, a name given by authors to the grampus, or arca [read orca]. 1785 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope II. 285 In some of the rivers..there is not a fish to be seen; and in others only a few bastard springers, as they are called, (cyprinus gonorynchus) which are scarcely so big as a common herring. 1823 W. W. Bird State of Cape of Good Hope 160 Few fish are found in the rivers, on the Cape side of the mountains, except small fish, called Karpers and springers, which are excellent, and eels. 1853 L. Pappe Synopsis Edible Fishes Cape Good Hope 27 Mugil Multilineatus... Springer; Leaping Mullet. 1913 W. C. Scully Further Reminisc. 245 To me the most enjoyable sport was that obtained at night by following the shoals of ‘springers’ in a boat with a lighted lantern hung over the prow. 1953 R. Campbell Mamba's Precipice 73 ‘Look, it's a springer,’ cried Michael, as a beautiful white fish leapt from the water. 1985 S. Afr. Panorama July 31 These lakes are the typical habitat of large mullet, or springer, which is a fine eating fish and traditionally sought after by local residents. b. Angling. A salmon that has recently entered a river from the sea.This sense could represent a distinct word derived from spring n.¹ 17a (cf. spring salmon n. at spring n.¹ Compounds 3e(c)(ii)), though the allusion to this origin in quot. 2005 may be a subsequent reinterpretation; springers are caught on some Scottish rivers in January and February. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Salmo > salmo salar (salmon) > lately come from sea springer1886 1886 Field 23 Jan. 106/2 Only one succeeded in landing a fish, viz., Tom Murphy, who got a nice springer [i.e. salmon], weighing 11½ lb. 1893 Daily News 23 Feb. 6/4 The newly run fish which the Irish fisherman calls a ‘springer’. 2005 B. Lopez in Granta Summer 76 The fish are more properly called spring chinook, or springers, because they cross the bar at the mouth of the Columbia River in the spring. 7. a. Originally: any breed of spaniel developed as a gun dog; (in later use) either of two such breeds, the English springer and the Welsh springer. Also: a dog of one of these breeds. Cf. springing adj. 7. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > other types of dog > [noun] > spaniel > land or water > varieties of springer1749 King Charles1780 English springer1808 Marlborough dog1822 cocker spaniel1829 Marlborough1831 Blenheim1839 Norfolk spaniel1845 King Charles1848 Sussex spaniel1856 field spaniel1859 clumber1865 Norfolk1867 Japanese spaniel1880 Welsh springer1903 Tibetan spaniel1905 Brittany spaniel1936 Brittany1945 1749 Gen. Advertiser Apr. 26 A Yellow and White, Spotted, Springer BITCH. 1806 Derby Mercury 17 Apr. Taken Up, A Rough Liver coloured, and White Springer Dog. 1845 W. Youatt Dog iii. 45 The largest and best breed of springers is said to be in Sussex. c1880 Cassell's Nat. Hist. II. 132 The Springer is used for the same purpose as the Cocker, but is a larger, stronger, and steadier Dog. 1932 Times 6 June 18/4 At that time we had over 30 dogs, golden retrievers and springers, kennelled here. 1979 Review No. 6. 15/3 There's a dog called Barney, a springer, and he's seven years old. 2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 30 Oct. viii. 12/3 The 10 dogs at the clinic included five cockers and five springers. †b. A person who causes game to rise from the ground or from cover during a shoot. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Springer, one who rouses game. 1767 J. Walsh Let. 12 Nov. in L. Namier & J. Brooke House of Commons 1754–90 (1985) III. 331/1 He is a good springer of game but not always the properest for hunting it down. 8. A cow or heifer which is producing milk; (also) a cow or heifer near to calving. Cf. spring v.¹ 34. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > cow > [noun] > that gives birth > that is pregnant or about to give birth springer1765 incalver1886 1765 C. Varlo Treat. Agric. 232 The next year when the cows were dry, they might be changed for springers. 1781 People Nearly Brought to Ruin 7 Our wives and children will starve for want of milk, if we can't get credit for the difference between the dry cow and the springer. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 445 About a fortnight before the time of reckoning, symptoms of calving indicate themselves in the cow... The heifers which exhibit them are springers. 1891 Australasian 15 Aug. 320/4 A full number of cattle yarded for the week's supply, comprising milkers, springers, and dry cows. 1933 Times 23 Dec. 10/6 An order prohibiting..the export to Great Britain and Northern Ireland of live cattle, except milch cows, springers, calves under six months, and bulls for service. 2002 Successful Farming Sept. 58/2 The growth of the super dairies with 1,000 cows or more has created a good market for springers. †9. More fully springer antelope. The springbok, Antidorcas marsupialis. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > antelope > [noun] > subfamily Antilopinae > genus Antidoreas (springbok) springbok1776 springbuck1776 springer1781 trek-bok1824 1781 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds I. 82 The Springer Antelope..weighs about fifty pounds, and is rather lesser than a roebuck. 1785 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope II. 139 This tract of country..harboured a considerable number of springers, quaggas, and hartbeests. 1827 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom IV. 208 The Springer Antelope..is the largest of a small subordinate group. 1827 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom IV. 208 The Springer resembles the Dorcas of nomenclators, but is nearly a third larger in size. 1899 Northern Echo 14 Nov. The case contains horns of..the springbok, or the springer antelope. †10. A person who sets off a mine. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > one who lays or operates mines or bombs > [noun] mine master1598 petarder1611 petardier1632 miner1692 springer1860 explosionist1868 dynamitard1882 dynamitist1882 dynamiter1883 dynamiteur1883 bomb-thrower1891 bomber1915 car bomber1919 letter bomber1947 firebomber1957 plastiqueur1961 1860 G. Meredith Evan Harrington xxxi, in Once a Week 28 July 113/2 The springers of the mine about to explode. 11. Originally Horse Racing slang. A racehorse on which the betting odds suddenly shorten. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > [noun] > horse by performance lightweight1773 sticker1779 maiden1807 favourite1813 mile-horse1829 outsider1836 heavyweight1857 stayer1862 stoner1862 rank outsider1869 pick1872 pot1874 timer1881 resurrectionist1883 short head1883 pea1888 cert1889 stiffa1890 wrong 'un1889 on the mark1890 place horse1890 top-weight1892 miler1894 also-ran1895 selection1901 loser1902 hotpot1904 roughie1908 co-favourite1922 readier1922 springer1922 fav1935 scratch1938 no-hoper1943 shoo-in1950 scorer1974 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > racehorse > defined by betting odds (miscellaneous) hot favourite1864 job1889 springer1922 1922 E. Wallace Flying Fifty-five xi. 67 The ‘springer’ in the market, the horse that opened at ten to one and came rapidly to five to two. 1961 ‘J. Prescot’ Case for Hearing iv. 61 Plenty of punters like to know how the market's moving so that they can go for the ‘springer’, the horse that suddenly shortens in price because someone in the know slaps a lot of money on at the last possible moment. 2014 Daily Tel. 19 Dec. (Sport section) 14/1 Shelford is being treated more seriously and, down to 6–1 with the sponsors, has been one of the springers in the market. Compounds springer spaniel n. either of two breeds of spaniel developed as a gun dog, the English springer and the Welsh springer; a dog of one of these breeds; (in early use also) any of several breeds of spaniel developed for flushing out and retrieving game.In early use springer spaniels and cocker spaniels were distinguished only by their relative sizes rather than forming truly distinct breeds, representatives of both often appearing in the same litter. ΚΠ 1813 London Pilot 1 Sept. 1 (advt.) Spaniel Springers.] 1841 Boston Morning Post 21 Jan. 1/5 (advt.) Springer spaniel dog, thoroughly trained. 1847 J. White & W. H. Rosser Improved Art Farriery 448 The springer is of two kinds; the larger breed being known under the appellation of the springer-spaniel; and the other, the cocker, or cock-spaniel. 1861 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) I. 268 The three Dogs which are represented in the engraving are examples of the three most celebrated breeds of Springer Spaniels. 1908 F.T. Barton Dog in Health, Accident, & Dis. 84 The English Springer Spaniel. Although the term is somewhat vague, the Kennel Club have classes for English Springers other than Clumber, Sussex, or Field spaniels, and these classes have at recent shows been tolerably well filled. 2003 Daily Tel. 1 Dec. 10/5 A Springer spaniel will join the select group of dogs, horses, pigeons and a cat awarded the Dickin Medal, the highest award for animal bravery in wartime. † springer-up [apparently after to spring up (perhaps compare spring v.¹ 32b)] slang Obsolete rare a tailor who sells ready-made clothes (as opposed to fitted ones). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > [noun] > tailor > other tailors merchant tailor1533 cardower1825 springer-up1851 whip-the-cat1851 Jew1916 society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of clothes > specific type gaunter1415 hosierc1440 glover1464 springer-up1851 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 51/2 One of these [tailors] is considered somewhat ‘slop’, or as a coster called him, a ‘springer-up’. 1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang 99 Springer-up, a tailor who sells low priced ready made clothing... The clothes are said to be ‘sprung up’, or ‘blown together’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † springern.² Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: spring v.¹, -er suffix¹; springe v.¹, -er suffix¹. Etymology: Either < spring v.¹ (compare sense 4 at that entry) + -er suffix¹, or perhaps < springe v.¹ + -er suffix¹. Compare earlier springel n. Compare also earlier sprinkler n. 2. Obsolete. rare. A device for sprinkling water. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of sprinkling > [noun] > sprinkler sprinklea1382 sprinkler1535 springer1601 sprinker1648 aspergilluma1657 sperge1676 rose1706 rose head1742 whisk1745 asperge1848 rose nozzle1848 rose sprinkler1856 water head1856 sparger1858 sprinkler installation1887 1601 W. Parry New Disc. Trauels Sir A. Sherley 25 They haue a spowte or springer, to spirt some parte of their water vppon their priuy partes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2021). springern.³ Brit. /ˈsprɪŋə/, U.S. /ˈsprɪŋər/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: spring n.¹, -er suffix¹. Etymology: < spring n.¹ + -er suffix¹. Compare later spring v.² 2. Now historical. A person employed to fit springs in watches, clocks, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [noun] > making watches > one who makes, fixes, or regulates watchmaker1630 watch-wright1674 watch-cobbler1756 springer1769 timer1876 watch jeweller1884 watch-jobber1895 1769 Brit. Palladium No. 21. ii. 33 Springers and Liners of Watches working in that Branch of Business. ?1793 Wakefield's Merchant & Tradesman's Gen. Directory for Year 1794 34 Boss, Stephen, Springer and Liner, King's-court, Bunhill-row. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Springer and Liner, a workman who puts in watch springs. 1873 Horological Jrnl. 15 27/1 The great difficulty of the springer is to set the turns of the spring and adjust the difference. 2012 Daily Tel. 25 May 37/2 As a young man Mercer worked as a springer and adjuster in the chronometer department. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹c1410n.²1601n.³1769
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springern.1

Compounds

† springern.2

springern.3

springern.¹

† springern.²

springern.³