spruen.¹

Brit.

/spruː/, U.S.

/spru/

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: sparrowgrass n.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a variant of sparrowgrass n.

Asparagus with very thin, tender stalks. Also more fully sprue grass. Cf. sparrowgrass n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > stalk vegetables > [noun] > asparagus > inferior

sprue1730

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > stalk vegetables > asparagus > types of

sprue1730

Bath asparagus1791

thorny asparagus1832

1730 C. Carter Compl. Pract. Cook 30 First take Spinach and Sorrel, Parsly, Lettice, and Onions; boil all these down in fair Water very well with some Sprue, that is, small Asparagus.

1822 H. Phillips Hist. Cultivated Veg. (ed. 2) I. 32 The small sprue-grass forms a part of most of our spring pottages.

1846 A. Soyer Gastron. Regenerator 41 Throw in the sprue and let it boil very fast until tender.

1895 Times 3 Apr. 3/4 Sprue, 9d. to 1s.; asparagus, 1s. 6d. to 3s. per bundle.

1917 C. H. Senn Meals without Meat (ed. 2) 35 Prepare a bundle of green asparagus or large sprue, cut the tender part into 2-inch lengths, and cook them in slightly salted water.

1994 Country Life 2 June 84/1 The variety [of asparagus] was what we would regard more as sprue grass.

2016 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 10 Apr. (Living section) Asparagus is sold graded as sprue (fine), jumbo sized, select and extra select.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

spruen.²

Brit.

/spruː/, U.S.

/spru/

Forms: 1800s sprew, 1800s sproo (Scottish), 1800s– sprue.

Origin: A borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch spruw.

Etymology: < Dutch spruw, (regional: western) sprou, sprouw, sproe (Middle Dutch sprouwe ), cognate with West Frisian spra (also spriuw , sprou , etc.), East Frisian sprö , Middle Low German sprüwe , probably < the same Germanic base as Old Dutch sprowen (Middle Dutch sproeyen , Dutch sproeien ) to spray, to sprinkle (see sprew n.¹).

Medicine.

†1. Chiefly U.S. A disease characterized by small ulcers or white spots and patches in the mouth or throat; spec. oral candidiasis (thrush). Occasionally also: the white spots or patches characteristic of this. Obsolete.The identity of the disease recorded as a cause of death in the earliest quotations is somewhat unclear, but candidiasis, which typically occurs as an opportunistic infection, may have masked the presence of less recognizable underlying diseases.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of mouth > [noun] > thrush

aphtha?a1425

thrush1665

sprue1802

milk thrush1844

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > parasitic disorders > [noun] > mycosis > aphtha

aphtha?a1425

thrush1665

sprue1802

milk thrush1844

1802 Gaz. U.S. (Philadelphia) 17 Aug. Two of these died of dropsy, one of hives..one of sprue, six of consumption, [etc.].

1818 Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. Nov. 80/2 The New-York Bills of Mortality for September, give the following account of deaths from different diseases: Abscess, 1; Apoplexy, 3;..Sprue, 10; Still-born, 12; [etc.]

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Sproo, an aphtheous appearance in the mouths of very young children.

1859 N.Y. Jrnl. Med. 6 63 When I had visited him about a week, sprue began to appear in his mouth.

1882 tr. E. Henoch Lect. Dis. Children 38 All the symptoms which have been ascribed to sprue belong to the primary disease in whose train it occurs.

1916 E. L. Coolidge Home Care Sick Children iv. 98 Thrush or sprue is a disease known to nearly all mothers; it is caused by a little parasite and is most often due to lack of cleanliness in care of the baby's mouth.

2. Originally: a disease of uncertain aetiology occurring mainly in people resident in the tropics, characterized by inflammation and atrophy of the lining of the small intestine, with malabsorption of nutrients, fatty diarrhoea, weight loss, and symptoms of vitamin B deficiency (more fully †Indian sprue, tropical sprue). In later use also: coeliac disease, the chronic condition resulting from hypersensitivity to gluten, which produces similar symptoms and changes in the small intestine (more fully coeliac sprue, non-tropical sprue).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of throat > [noun] > other throat disorders

roup1579

noma1676

yark1806

sprue1880

smoker's throat1888

traction diverticulum1897

1880 P. Manson in Med. Rep. (China: Imperial Maritime Customs) No. 19. 33 The disease I allude to is known in India and well known in Java, and in the latter country goes by the name of ‘sprue’.

1885 Med. Rec. 29 Aug. 234/2 Indian sprue is an endemic disease occurring in the East and West Indies and other hot countries.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 790 In the debilitated condition of sprue patients.

1929 Lancet 25 May 1089/2 The recognition and correct interpretation of non-tropical sprue forms the connection between Gee-Herter's disease and tropical sprue.

1999 N. E. Lane Osteoporosis Bk. (2001) viii. 117 Diseases or conditions that impair fat absorption, like celiac sprue (poor absorption of nutrients from the stomach and intestines).., may reduce the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

2014 D. H. Dockrell et al. in B. R. Walker et al. Davidson's Princ. & Pract. Med. (ed. 22) xiii. 311/1 Tropical sprue is a malabsorption syndrome.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

spruen.³

Brit.

/spruː/, U.S.

/spru/

Etymology: Origin unknown.

†a. Scottish. Waste material produced during the casting of metals, as at the moulding channels (see sense 1b) or along the seams of a mould. Obsolete. rare.Possibly a misunderstanding of sense 1b.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Sprue,..in Scotland, that which is thrown off in casting metals; scoria.

b. A piece of excess metal, plastic, etc., attached to a casting, having solidified in the mould channel.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > models or casts > plastic or metal attached to

sprue1834

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > synthetic resins and plastics > [noun] > plastic > excess plastic on moulding

sprue1834

flash1910

spew1933

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > cast metal > piece of metal on casting

jet1832

sprue1834

runner1843

sullage-piece1852

flash1910

1834 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. Aug. 125 They are to be cast of an alloy,..in moulds of iron or brass, requiring only the removal of the sprue from the cast segments.

1911 G. H. Wilson Man. Dental Prosthetics ix. 353 The investment is broken and brushed away from the casting... The sprues are snipped away and the edges filed.

2012 J. T. Black & R. A. Kohser DeGarmo's Materials & Processes in Manufacturing (ed. 11) xiii. 329 This can be done with special trimming dies that also serve to remove the sprues and runners.

c. The (typically rectangular) framework holding the individual parts of a plastic modelling kit.Such frameworks are formed during manufacture by allowing plastic to harden in a network of moulding channels that feeds multiple moulds.

ΚΠ

1966 Airfix Mag. June 308/2 (caption) Stretching a sprue over a candle flame in the manner described in this article.

1971 W. R. Matthews Plastic Scale Model Aircraft 72 Some practice is needed to master the technique and initially the failure rate is high—the plastic sprue just pulls in two.

2012 Independent (Nexis) 17 Sept. 32 They were the individual parts of a model aircraft still in their sprues.

a. A channel through which molten metal, plastic, etc., flows into a mould cavity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > models or casts > impression material > channel in

sprue1833

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould > hole for pouring in metal

gate1678

sprue1833

ingate1858

tedge1858

funnel1875

horn gate1909

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould > hole for pouring in metal > object used to form

sprue1833

1833 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 24 186 (footnote) Among numerous specimens of [American] aboriginal relics in my possession..I have bullet moulds made of soapstone, with a regular sprue.

1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron 201 The smaller passages, often two or three in number, leading from the skimming gate to the mould are called sprues or sprue gates.

1943 H. R. Simonds & C. Ellis Handbk. Plastics xv. 593 In a single-cavity mold, the sprue usually leads directly to the cavity, and there is no runner.

2008 F. Czerwinski Magnesium Injection Molding v. 216 The screw is accelerated forward, injecting the alloy through the sprue and gates into the mold cavity.

b. Chiefly Dentistry. An implement used in the construction of a mould to form such a channel; = sprue former n. at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > models or casts > impression material > channel in > tube for producing

sprue1875

sprue former1877

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2292/2 Sprue,..a piece of metal or wood used by a molder in making the ingate through the sand.

1959 Jrnl. Prosthetic Dentistry 9 457 The wax crown pattern is properly adjusted on the stone die, and wax sprues are attached to it.

2011 W. D. Hatrick et al. Dental Materials (ed. 2) xviii. 255/1 The molten metal is forced through the empty channel formed by the sprue.

Compounds

sprue former n. chiefly Dentistry an implement used to form a sprue in a mould (sense 2a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > models or casts > impression material > channel in > tube for producing

sprue1875

sprue former1877

1877 W. B. Closson U.S. Patent 192,112 1/2 The deposit should be removed or filed from the edges of the plate and the outer ends of the sprue formers.

2016 Jrnl. Prosthetic Dentistry 116 911/1 A plastic sprue former was attached to the completed wax coping before investing and wax elimination.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

spruev.

Brit.

/spruː/, U.S.

/spru/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: sprue n.³

Etymology: < sprue n.³

transitive (usually in passive). To equip (a pattern for a mould) with sprues (sprue n.³ 2a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > practise dentistry [verb (transitive)] > furnish model or cast with sprue

sprue1896

1896 Iron Molders' Jrnl. Sept. 373/1 The work should be ‘sprued’ hot.

1949 Brit. Dental Jrnl. 86 114/1 The wax pattern is thoroughly cleansed... It is sprued, the reservoir added and mounted on a rubber crucible former.

2012 R. W. Nash in G. Freedman Contemp. Esthetic Dentistry xvi. 437/2 It is waxed up to the full contour and then sprued.

Derivatives

ˈsprueing n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > models or casts > plastic or metal attached to > act of furnishing with

sprueing1896

1896 Iron Molders' Jrnl. Feb. 65/1 There are many other features I would like to dwell upon, such as the different methods employed, both in ramming and sprueing.

1930 S. S. Jaffe in I. G. Nichols Prosthetic Dentistry xxx. 537 This method of ‘sprueing’ is only suitable for a centrifugal casting machine.

2013 Jrnl. Prosthetic Dentistry 110 398/3 The sprueing, investing, and firing processes were performed according to the manufacturers' instructions.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1730

n.²1802

n.³1828

v.1896

单词	sprue
释义	spruen.¹ Brit. /spruː/, U.S. /spru/ Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: sparrowgrass n. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a variant of sparrowgrass n. Asparagus with very thin, tender stalks. Also more fully sprue grass. Cf. sparrowgrass n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > stalk vegetables > [noun] > asparagus > inferior sprue1730 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > stalk vegetables > asparagus > types of sprue1730 Bath asparagus1791 thorny asparagus1832 1730 C. Carter Compl. Pract. Cook 30 First take Spinach and Sorrel, Parsly, Lettice, and Onions; boil all these down in fair Water very well with some Sprue, that is, small Asparagus. 1822 H. Phillips Hist. Cultivated Veg. (ed. 2) I. 32 The small sprue-grass forms a part of most of our spring pottages. 1846 A. Soyer Gastron. Regenerator 41 Throw in the sprue and let it boil very fast until tender. 1895 Times 3 Apr. 3/4 Sprue, 9d. to 1s.; asparagus, 1s. 6d. to 3s. per bundle. 1917 C. H. Senn Meals without Meat (ed. 2) 35 Prepare a bundle of green asparagus or large sprue, cut the tender part into 2-inch lengths, and cook them in slightly salted water. 1994 Country Life 2 June 84/1 The variety [of asparagus] was what we would regard more as sprue grass. 2016 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 10 Apr. (Living section) Asparagus is sold graded as sprue (fine), jumbo sized, select and extra select. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). spruen.² Brit. /spruː/, U.S. /spru/ Forms: 1800s sprew, 1800s sproo (Scottish), 1800s– sprue. Origin: A borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch spruw. Etymology: < Dutch spruw, (regional: western) sprou, sprouw, sproe (Middle Dutch sprouwe ), cognate with West Frisian spra (also spriuw , sprou , etc.), East Frisian sprö , Middle Low German sprüwe , probably < the same Germanic base as Old Dutch sprowen (Middle Dutch sproeyen , Dutch sproeien ) to spray, to sprinkle (see sprew n.¹). Medicine. †1. Chiefly U.S. A disease characterized by small ulcers or white spots and patches in the mouth or throat; spec. oral candidiasis (thrush). Occasionally also: the white spots or patches characteristic of this. Obsolete.The identity of the disease recorded as a cause of death in the earliest quotations is somewhat unclear, but candidiasis, which typically occurs as an opportunistic infection, may have masked the presence of less recognizable underlying diseases. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of mouth > [noun] > thrush aphtha?a1425 thrush1665 sprue1802 milk thrush1844 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > parasitic disorders > [noun] > mycosis > aphtha aphtha?a1425 thrush1665 sprue1802 milk thrush1844 1802 Gaz. U.S. (Philadelphia) 17 Aug. Two of these died of dropsy, one of hives..one of sprue, six of consumption, [etc.]. 1818 Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. Nov. 80/2 The New-York Bills of Mortality for September, give the following account of deaths from different diseases: Abscess, 1; Apoplexy, 3;..Sprue, 10; Still-born, 12; [etc.] 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Sproo, an aphtheous appearance in the mouths of very young children. 1859 N.Y. Jrnl. Med. 6 63 When I had visited him about a week, sprue began to appear in his mouth. 1882 tr. E. Henoch Lect. Dis. Children 38 All the symptoms which have been ascribed to sprue belong to the primary disease in whose train it occurs. 1916 E. L. Coolidge Home Care Sick Children iv. 98 Thrush or sprue is a disease known to nearly all mothers; it is caused by a little parasite and is most often due to lack of cleanliness in care of the baby's mouth. 2. Originally: a disease of uncertain aetiology occurring mainly in people resident in the tropics, characterized by inflammation and atrophy of the lining of the small intestine, with malabsorption of nutrients, fatty diarrhoea, weight loss, and symptoms of vitamin B deficiency (more fully †Indian sprue, tropical sprue). In later use also: coeliac disease, the chronic condition resulting from hypersensitivity to gluten, which produces similar symptoms and changes in the small intestine (more fully coeliac sprue, non-tropical sprue). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of throat > [noun] > other throat disorders roup1579 noma1676 yark1806 sprue1880 smoker's throat1888 traction diverticulum1897 1880 P. Manson in Med. Rep. (China: Imperial Maritime Customs) No. 19. 33 The disease I allude to is known in India and well known in Java, and in the latter country goes by the name of ‘sprue’. 1885 Med. Rec. 29 Aug. 234/2 Indian sprue is an endemic disease occurring in the East and West Indies and other hot countries. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 790 In the debilitated condition of sprue patients. 1929 Lancet 25 May 1089/2 The recognition and correct interpretation of non-tropical sprue forms the connection between Gee-Herter's disease and tropical sprue. 1999 N. E. Lane Osteoporosis Bk. (2001) viii. 117 Diseases or conditions that impair fat absorption, like celiac sprue (poor absorption of nutrients from the stomach and intestines).., may reduce the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. 2014 D. H. Dockrell et al. in B. R. Walker et al. Davidson's Princ. & Pract. Med. (ed. 22) xiii. 311/1 Tropical sprue is a malabsorption syndrome. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). spruen.³ Brit. /spruː/, U.S. /spru/ Etymology: Origin unknown. 1. †a. Scottish. Waste material produced during the casting of metals, as at the moulding channels (see sense 1b) or along the seams of a mould. Obsolete. rare.Possibly a misunderstanding of sense 1b.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Sprue,..in Scotland, that which is thrown off in casting metals; scoria. b. A piece of excess metal, plastic, etc., attached to a casting, having solidified in the mould channel. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > models or casts > plastic or metal attached to sprue1834 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > synthetic resins and plastics > [noun] > plastic > excess plastic on moulding sprue1834 flash1910 spew1933 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > cast metal > piece of metal on casting jet1832 sprue1834 runner1843 sullage-piece1852 flash1910 1834 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. Aug. 125 They are to be cast of an alloy,..in moulds of iron or brass, requiring only the removal of the sprue from the cast segments. 1911 G. H. Wilson Man. Dental Prosthetics ix. 353 The investment is broken and brushed away from the casting... The sprues are snipped away and the edges filed. 2012 J. T. Black & R. A. Kohser DeGarmo's Materials & Processes in Manufacturing (ed. 11) xiii. 329 This can be done with special trimming dies that also serve to remove the sprues and runners. c. The (typically rectangular) framework holding the individual parts of a plastic modelling kit.Such frameworks are formed during manufacture by allowing plastic to harden in a network of moulding channels that feeds multiple moulds. ΚΠ 1966 Airfix Mag. June 308/2 (caption) Stretching a sprue over a candle flame in the manner described in this article. 1971 W. R. Matthews Plastic Scale Model Aircraft 72 Some practice is needed to master the technique and initially the failure rate is high—the plastic sprue just pulls in two. 2012 Independent (Nexis) 17 Sept. 32 They were the individual parts of a model aircraft still in their sprues. 2. a. A channel through which molten metal, plastic, etc., flows into a mould cavity. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > models or casts > impression material > channel in sprue1833 society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould > hole for pouring in metal gate1678 sprue1833 ingate1858 tedge1858 funnel1875 horn gate1909 society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould > hole for pouring in metal > object used to form sprue1833 1833 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 24 186 (footnote) Among numerous specimens of [American] aboriginal relics in my possession..I have bullet moulds made of soapstone, with a regular sprue. 1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron 201 The smaller passages, often two or three in number, leading from the skimming gate to the mould are called sprues or sprue gates. 1943 H. R. Simonds & C. Ellis Handbk. Plastics xv. 593 In a single-cavity mold, the sprue usually leads directly to the cavity, and there is no runner. 2008 F. Czerwinski Magnesium Injection Molding v. 216 The screw is accelerated forward, injecting the alloy through the sprue and gates into the mold cavity. b. Chiefly Dentistry. An implement used in the construction of a mould to form such a channel; = sprue former n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > models or casts > impression material > channel in > tube for producing sprue1875 sprue former1877 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2292/2 Sprue,..a piece of metal or wood used by a molder in making the ingate through the sand. 1959 Jrnl. Prosthetic Dentistry 9 457 The wax crown pattern is properly adjusted on the stone die, and wax sprues are attached to it. 2011 W. D. Hatrick et al. Dental Materials (ed. 2) xviii. 255/1 The molten metal is forced through the empty channel formed by the sprue. Compounds sprue former n. chiefly Dentistry an implement used to form a sprue in a mould (sense 2a). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > models or casts > impression material > channel in > tube for producing sprue1875 sprue former1877 1877 W. B. Closson U.S. Patent 192,112 1/2 The deposit should be removed or filed from the edges of the plate and the outer ends of the sprue formers. 2016 Jrnl. Prosthetic Dentistry 116 911/1 A plastic sprue former was attached to the completed wax coping before investing and wax elimination. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). spruev. Brit. /spruː/, U.S. /spru/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: sprue n.³ Etymology: < sprue n.³ transitive (usually in passive). To equip (a pattern for a mould) with sprues (sprue n.³ 2a). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > practise dentistry [verb (transitive)] > furnish model or cast with sprue sprue1896 1896 Iron Molders' Jrnl. Sept. 373/1 The work should be ‘sprued’ hot. 1949 Brit. Dental Jrnl. 86 114/1 The wax pattern is thoroughly cleansed... It is sprued, the reservoir added and mounted on a rubber crucible former. 2012 R. W. Nash in G. Freedman Contemp. Esthetic Dentistry xvi. 437/2 It is waxed up to the full contour and then sprued. Derivatives ˈsprueing n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > models or casts > plastic or metal attached to > act of furnishing with sprueing1896 1896 Iron Molders' Jrnl. Feb. 65/1 There are many other features I would like to dwell upon, such as the different methods employed, both in ramming and sprueing. 1930 S. S. Jaffe in I. G. Nichols Prosthetic Dentistry xxx. 537 This method of ‘sprueing’ is only suitable for a centrifugal casting machine. 2013 Jrnl. Prosthetic Dentistry 110 398/3 The sprueing, investing, and firing processes were performed according to the manufacturers' instructions. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1730n.²1802n.³1828v.1896
随便看	bristleworts bristlier bristliest bristliness bristlinesses bristling bristly bristly ox-tongue bristly oxtongue bristol bristol aeroplane bristol compliment bristol cream bristol diamond bristol milk bristol non-such bristol nonsuch bristol-board bristol-brick bristol-diamond bristol-fashion bristol-gem bristol-red bristol-stone bristol-water

spruen.1

spruen.2

spruen.3

Compounds

spruev.

Derivatives

spruen.¹

spruen.²

spruen.³