sputnikn.

Brit.

/ˈspʊtnɪk/,

/ˈspʌtnɪk/, U.S.

/ˈspʊtnɪk/,

/ˈspətnɪk/

Forms: Also Sputnik.

Etymology: < Russian spútnik, lit. ‘travelling companion’, < s with + put ′ way, journey + -nik , agentive suffix (compare -nik suffix).

a. An unmanned artificial earth satellite, esp. a Russian one; spec. (usually with capital initial) the proper name of a series of such satellites launched by the Soviet Union between 1957 and 1961. The first Sputnik, launched on 4 October 1957, was the first artificial satellite.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > secondary planet, satellite > [noun] > artificial

subsatellite1817

moonlet1832

sputnik1957

spy in the sky1960

spy satellite1960

comsat1962

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > spacecraft > [noun] > satellite

space station1930

artificial satellite1936

satellite1936

satellite station1945

earth satellite1949

space platform1951

space satellite1952

satelloid1955

sputnik1957

orbiter1958

1957 Times 9 Oct. 10/6 Pride in the launching of the sputnik (‘fellow-traveller’), as the satellite is called, as well as the guided missile, were reflected in a speech by Mr. Krushchev..last night.

1957 Times 30 Oct. 10/2 Mr. Khrushchev replied: ‘To peace and to the sputnik as a symbol of peace!’

1957 Times 4 Nov. 11/2 The régime which sends a second Sputnik girdling the earth has just emerged from another of its secretly contrived shifts of political power.

1958 A. Huxley Let. 15 Feb. (1969) 846 The technical advances in these psychological, physiological and bio-chemical fields are probably far more important..than the physical and engineering advances which have put sputniks into the heavens.

1964 M. McLuhan Understanding Media iii. 44 When Sputnik had first gone into orbit a schoolteacher asked her second-graders to write some verse on the subject.

1971 New Scientist 10 June 638/1 China's remarkable progress in the field is underscored by the weight of its first sputnik (unmatched..by any satellite launched by France or Japan).

1983 N.Y. Times 7 Jan. a1/4 It is not a dangerous situation..and we have no worries about the fate of this sputnik.

b. transferred and figurative.

ΚΠ

1958 Newsweek 10 Feb. 25/1 We may find ourselves confronted with a sputnik in the chemical, biological, and radiological field, as we did in missiles.

1959 Daily Tel. 10 Dec. 16/7 Internal ‘sputniks’, pills containing miniature radio transmitters, which can travel around the intestines.

1963 Punch 17 Apr. 549/1 Such Hollywood sputniks as Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis Jnr.

1968 Michelin Guide N.Y. City 124 Coney Island..scenic railways, loop-the-loops and Ferris wheels compete with phantom trains, tunnels of love, sputniks.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

sputnik diplomacy n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > types of

public diplomacy1856

gunboat diplomacy1927

total diplomacy1935

sputnik diplomacy1957

shuttle diplomacy1974

1957 N.Y. Times 20 Oct. iv. 4/1 Since the Soviet space satellite has been in its orbit, Moscow has been showing what many are now calling sputnik diplomacy.

1959 Listener 15 Jan. 96/2 The rocket would set the stage for a diplomatic offensive [in Russia] similar to the sputnik diplomacy a year ago.

sputnik race n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > space flight > [noun] > programme of space exploration > competition between nations

space race1955

sputnik race1957

1957 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 Dec. 782/4 America's defeat in the sputnik race.

1959 Daily Tel. 27 Apr. 10/2 The political sensationalism of the sputnik race.

sputnik town n.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun] > satellite or dormitory town

satellite1841

dormitory1923

sputnik town1958

1958 Daily Mail 7 June 5/5 Russian planners will deal with overspill population from big cities... They are planning ‘sputnik’ towns.

1966 Listener 19 May 729/3 In preparation for the creation of Moscow's own ring of ‘Sputnik towns’—though this development may not happen until after 1980.

C2.

Sputnik double n. Bridge a take-out double of a suit overcall of one's partner's opening bid; also absol. as Sputnik.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics > call > bidding > bid > double > types of

informatory double1913

informative1914

take-out double1926

Lightner1933

Sputnik double1958

penalty double1959

1958 Bridge World July 33/2 We noticed that the negative double (‘Sputnik’) would fit.

1976 Country Life 1 Apr. 846/2 A Sputnik double, if played, will lead to the same final contract.

Derivatives

sputniˈkitis n.

ΚΠ

1957 Observer 20 Oct. 14/2 We rang up Hamley's to see how Sputnikitis was hitting them... ‘No, I'd not say our space toys were on the up... It's always in competition with cowboys and Red Indians, you see.’

1957 Economist 30 Nov. 762/1 The United States and the Soviet Union are pouring in money and scientists in an Antarctic form of sputnikitis.

ˈsputnikry n. (also 'sputnikery)

ΚΠ

1960 Spectator 10 June 826 The abnormal concentration of effort in such fields as ‘sputnikery’.

1961 New Scientist 6 July 38/1 The narrower field of sputnikry.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sputnik
释义	sputnikn. Brit. /ˈspʊtnɪk/, /ˈspʌtnɪk/, U.S. /ˈspʊtnɪk/, /ˈspətnɪk/ Forms: Also Sputnik. Etymology: < Russian spútnik, lit. ‘travelling companion’, < s with + put ′ way, journey + -nik , agentive suffix (compare -nik suffix). a. An unmanned artificial earth satellite, esp. a Russian one; spec. (usually with capital initial) the proper name of a series of such satellites launched by the Soviet Union between 1957 and 1961. The first Sputnik, launched on 4 October 1957, was the first artificial satellite. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > secondary planet, satellite > [noun] > artificial subsatellite1817 moonlet1832 sputnik1957 spy in the sky1960 spy satellite1960 comsat1962 society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > spacecraft > [noun] > satellite space station1930 artificial satellite1936 satellite1936 satellite station1945 earth satellite1949 space platform1951 space satellite1952 satelloid1955 sputnik1957 orbiter1958 1957 Times 9 Oct. 10/6 Pride in the launching of the sputnik (‘fellow-traveller’), as the satellite is called, as well as the guided missile, were reflected in a speech by Mr. Krushchev..last night. 1957 Times 30 Oct. 10/2 Mr. Khrushchev replied: ‘To peace and to the sputnik as a symbol of peace!’ 1957 Times 4 Nov. 11/2 The régime which sends a second Sputnik girdling the earth has just emerged from another of its secretly contrived shifts of political power. 1958 A. Huxley Let. 15 Feb. (1969) 846 The technical advances in these psychological, physiological and bio-chemical fields are probably far more important..than the physical and engineering advances which have put sputniks into the heavens. 1964 M. McLuhan Understanding Media iii. 44 When Sputnik had first gone into orbit a schoolteacher asked her second-graders to write some verse on the subject. 1971 New Scientist 10 June 638/1 China's remarkable progress in the field is underscored by the weight of its first sputnik (unmatched..by any satellite launched by France or Japan). 1983 N.Y. Times 7 Jan. a1/4 It is not a dangerous situation..and we have no worries about the fate of this sputnik. b. transferred and figurative. ΚΠ 1958 Newsweek 10 Feb. 25/1 We may find ourselves confronted with a sputnik in the chemical, biological, and radiological field, as we did in missiles. 1959 Daily Tel. 10 Dec. 16/7 Internal ‘sputniks’, pills containing miniature radio transmitters, which can travel around the intestines. 1963 Punch 17 Apr. 549/1 Such Hollywood sputniks as Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis Jnr. 1968 Michelin Guide N.Y. City 124 Coney Island..scenic railways, loop-the-loops and Ferris wheels compete with phantom trains, tunnels of love, sputniks. Compounds C1. General attributive. sputnik diplomacy n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > types of public diplomacy1856 gunboat diplomacy1927 total diplomacy1935 sputnik diplomacy1957 shuttle diplomacy1974 1957 N.Y. Times 20 Oct. iv. 4/1 Since the Soviet space satellite has been in its orbit, Moscow has been showing what many are now calling sputnik diplomacy. 1959 Listener 15 Jan. 96/2 The rocket would set the stage for a diplomatic offensive [in Russia] similar to the sputnik diplomacy a year ago. sputnik race n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > space flight > [noun] > programme of space exploration > competition between nations space race1955 sputnik race1957 1957 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 Dec. 782/4 America's defeat in the sputnik race. 1959 Daily Tel. 27 Apr. 10/2 The political sensationalism of the sputnik race. sputnik town n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun] > satellite or dormitory town satellite1841 dormitory1923 sputnik town1958 1958 Daily Mail 7 June 5/5 Russian planners will deal with overspill population from big cities... They are planning ‘sputnik’ towns. 1966 Listener 19 May 729/3 In preparation for the creation of Moscow's own ring of ‘Sputnik towns’—though this development may not happen until after 1980. C2. Sputnik double n. Bridge a take-out double of a suit overcall of one's partner's opening bid; also absol. as Sputnik. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics > call > bidding > bid > double > types of informatory double1913 informative1914 take-out double1926 Lightner1933 Sputnik double1958 penalty double1959 1958 Bridge World July 33/2 We noticed that the negative double (‘Sputnik’) would fit. 1976 Country Life 1 Apr. 846/2 A Sputnik double, if played, will lead to the same final contract. Derivatives sputniˈkitis n. ΚΠ 1957 Observer 20 Oct. 14/2 We rang up Hamley's to see how Sputnikitis was hitting them... ‘No, I'd not say our space toys were on the up... It's always in competition with cowboys and Red Indians, you see.’ 1957 Economist 30 Nov. 762/1 The United States and the Soviet Union are pouring in money and scientists in an Antarctic form of sputnikitis. ˈsputnikry n. (also 'sputnikery) ΚΠ 1960 Spectator 10 June 826 The abnormal concentration of effort in such fields as ‘sputnikery’. 1961 New Scientist 6 July 38/1 The narrower field of sputnikry. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1957
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