stalworthadj.n.

Forms: α. Old English stǽlwierðe, stǽlwyrðe, Middle English stelewyrðe, Middle English stealewurðe; Middle English stalwarþe, Middle English– stalwarth; Middle English stalewurðe; Middle English stalwrthe; Middle English stalworþe, Middle English–1500s stalworthe, (Middle English staloworth), 1500s stalwoorth; Middle English stallworthe, stalwurþe, stalwurthe, (Middle English stalwort), Middle English–1600s, 1800s archaic stalworth. β. Middle English stalword(e. γ. Middle English stalwarde, Middle English stalewarde, Middle English, 1500s, 1700s Scottish stalward. (See also stalwart adj.) δ. Middle English staðelwurðe.

Etymology: Old English stǽlwierðe , < stǽl place + wierðe worth adj.The length of the vowel in the first syllable seems to be authenticated by some of the early Middle English forms; the shortening of ǽ to ă in the first element of a compound is normal. The Old English stǽl (the quantity of which is certain from the three occurrences in poetry) appears not to be immediately connected with the synonymous stæl with short vowel (dative stale ); according to some scholars it represents a contraction of Germanic *staþl- or *stađl- , the relation of Old English stǽl to staðol foundation (see staddle n.) being considered parallel with that of mǽl speech to the synonymous mæðel. The 13th cent. form staðelwurðe, occurring only once (see 3 δ) strongly confirms this view. The early Middle English forms with medial e, stele-, steale-, stalewurðe are difficult to account for.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈstalworth.

Obsolete exc. archaic.

A. adj.

†1. (Old English) Of things: Serviceable. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (1871) xvii. 115 Se ðe geornlice conn ongietan ðæt he of him gadrige ðat him stælwierðe sie [L. quod adjuvat].

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. an. 896 Þa [scipu] þe þær stælwyrðe wæron binnan Lunden byrig [hie] gebrohton.

a1000 Ælfred's Blooms in Cockayne Shrine (1864) 192 He gyfð..gooda gifa on þissa wurlda þeah hi eca ne sien hi beoð þeah stælwyrða þa hwile þe we on þisse wurlde beoð.

2. Of persons, and animals: Strongly and stoutly built, sturdy, robust.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > resistant to disease, etc.

strongeOE

stalworthc1175

starka1250

stiff1297

stalworthyc1300

vigorousc1330

stoura1350

lustyc1374

marrowya1382

sturdyc1386

crank1398

robust1490

vigorious1502

stalwart1508

hardy1548

robustious1548

of force1577

rustical1583

marrowed1612

rustic1620

robustic1652

solid1741

refractory1843

salted1864

resistant1876

saulteda1879

the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [adjective]

stalworthc1175

thicka1250

stubblea1300

quarryc1300

stalworthyc1300

stoura1350

sturdyc1386

buirdlya1400

squarec1430

couragec1440

craskc1440

substantialc1460

ample1485

stalwart1508

puddinga1540

full-bodied1588

robust1666

two-handed1687

swankinga1704

strapping1707

broad-set1708

thick-set1724

throddy?1748

thick-bodied1752

broad-built1771

junky1825

swankie1838

stodgy1854

wide-bodied1854

beefish1882

hunky1911

buff1982

buffed1986

the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [adjective] > robust

strongeOE

hardOE

stalworthc1175

starka1250

stiff1297

steel to the (very) backa1300

stalworthyc1300

wightc1300

stable13..

valiant1303

stithc1325

toughc1330

wrast1338

stoura1350

sadc1384

wighty14..

derfc1440

substantialc1460

well-jointed1483

felon1487

robust1490

stalwart1508

stoutya1529

robustous?1531

rankc1540

hardy1548

robustious1548

stout1576

rustical1583

rustic1620

iron1638

robustic1652

swankinga1704

strapping1707

rugged1731

solid1741

vaudy1793

flaithulach1829

ironbark1833

swankie1838

tough as (old) boots or leather1843

skookum1847

hard (also tough, sharp) as nails1862

hard-assed1954

nails1974

α.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 25 He..þenchet ic em hal and fere and strong and stelewurðe get ic mei longe libben and alle mine sunne timliche ibeten.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1950 Alle on stalworþ stedes stoutliche i-horsed.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 263 Þerfore þey haueþ staleworþe children and stronge.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 846 On stal-worth schonkeȝ.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxxii. f. xxvi Maximian..was stalworth and mighty of his handes.

1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis i. f. 12 A stalworth striplynge strong and stowt.

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne vii. xxvii. 122 His stalworth steed the champion stout bestroad.

1847 H. W. Longfellow Evangeline i. i. 43 Stalworth and stately in form was the man of seventy winters.1864 J. S. Le Fanu Uncle Silas I. xv. 168 The stalworth lady.1890 D. C. Murray John Vale's Guardian xxiv We're a pretty stalworth set o' people.β. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xviii. 310 Apon a stalward hors he raid.

3. Of persons, their actions, etc.: Brave, courageous, valiant, mighty.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > valour > valour or stoutness > [adjective]

stalwortha1225

stoutly1338

galliard?a1400

stout?1507

stoutya1529

α.

a1225 Juliana 44 Þeo ilke þat beoð stalewurðe [MS. Bodl. stealewurðe].

a1225 Leg. Kath. 702 A stalewurðe deð.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 25 He was þe stalworþeste man at nede, Þat may riden on ani stede.

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 9833 Þat blessyng..makeþ vs stalwurþe yn batayle whan þe fende wyl vs asayle.

c1400 Rule St. Benet (Verse) 276 For god makes þam so mekli of mayne And stalworth to stand him [þe deuel] a-gayne.

c1400 Destr. Troy 365 Mony stalworth in stoure.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 286/1 in Chron. I Harolde aunswered, that they were not Priestes, but stalwoorth and hardie Souldiours.

a1650 Turke & Gowin 25 in Percy Fol. MS. (1867) I. 91 Giue thou be neuer soe stalworth of hand I shall bring thee to the ground.

1808 W. Scott Marmion i. v. 27 He was a stalworth knight, and keen.1853 D. Rock Church of our Fathers (1903) III. i. ix. 251 England's most stalworth knights.β. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3960 Þe kniȝtes þe stalwordore & þe betere in hor dede.a1400–50 Wars Alex. 3937 Þa foule Backes, Als store & as stalword as þire sedill dowis.1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xv. lxxxvi. sig. hiij^v/1 The men..ben stalword [a1398 BL Add. stalworth] men: stronge werryours & fyers.γ. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 199 Hwen hit unstrengeð þe schulde beo monlich. staðelwurðe. & kene itreowe bileaue.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 428 Vor godes loue stalwarde men armieþ ȝow vaste.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 356 Till withstand Men that thame soucht vith stalvard hand.1595 J. Davidson in C. Rogers Three Sc. Reform. (1874) 104 John Knox that valyant Conqueror, That stood in many stalward stour.1774 D. Graham Impartial Hist. Rebellion (ed. 3) iii. 32 That stalward Duke.δ. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 199 Staðelwurðe [cf. ?c1225 at γ. ].

†4. = strong adj. in various applications. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [adjective]

mightyeOE

strongOE

bigc1300

boldc1300

fort13..

steer13..

steevec1300

valiant1303

stalwortha1340

fortin1340

strengthfula1382

stout1390

pithya1400

tora1400

mighteda1470

strengthyc1485

forcy1488

nervy1598

nervous1616

whipcordy1856

Tarzanesque1933

Tarzan-like1943

α.

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter ii. 9 Þis wand..stalworth & lastand.

1340–70 Alisaunder 1230 Þat stalworthe sted [Constantinople].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17342 Þai ledd ioseph..To prisun in a stalworth hald.

c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 68 Whanne a stomake ys hoot, stalworthe, and good.

γ. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 491 Douglas the castell sesit all, At than wes closit vith stalward vall.1774 D. Graham Impartial Hist. Rebellion (ed. 3) ix. 86 Over Spey all safely came, That rapid river and stalward stream.

†B. n.

A strong and valiant man. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > hero > person of mettle

heart1340

heart of oakc1384

bolda1400

doughtya1400

stalworthc1400

sternc1400

Ironsidea1470

stalwart1508

galliard1532

lada1556

stoutheart1556

hardydardy1593

valour1609

valiant1610

fireman1648

hearty1790

my (also me) hearty1839

the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [noun] > robustness > person

stalworthc1400

Ironsidea1470

stalwart1508

iron man1643

pine knot1836

iron woman1900

hard rock1922

toughie1929

tough guy1932

hard-ass1962

hardbody1980

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1659 Wyth stille stollen countenance, þat stalworth to plese.

?a1500 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) II. 41 Suche a stalwarde before me never stood So stowte and stearne is he.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	stalworth
释义	stalworthadj.n. Forms: α. Old English stǽlwierðe, stǽlwyrðe, Middle English stelewyrðe, Middle English stealewurðe; Middle English stalwarþe, Middle English– stalwarth; Middle English stalewurðe; Middle English stalwrthe; Middle English stalworþe, Middle English–1500s stalworthe, (Middle English staloworth), 1500s stalwoorth; Middle English stallworthe, stalwurþe, stalwurthe, (Middle English stalwort), Middle English–1600s, 1800s archaic stalworth. β. Middle English stalword(e. γ. Middle English stalwarde, Middle English stalewarde, Middle English, 1500s, 1700s Scottish stalward. (See also stalwart adj.) δ. Middle English staðelwurðe. Etymology: Old English stǽlwierðe , < stǽl place + wierðe worth adj.The length of the vowel in the first syllable seems to be authenticated by some of the early Middle English forms; the shortening of ǽ to ă in the first element of a compound is normal. The Old English stǽl (the quantity of which is certain from the three occurrences in poetry) appears not to be immediately connected with the synonymous stæl with short vowel (dative stale ); according to some scholars it represents a contraction of Germanic staþl- or stađl- , the relation of Old English stǽl to staðol foundation (see staddle n.) being considered parallel with that of mǽl speech to the synonymous mæðel. The 13th cent. form staðelwurðe, occurring only once (see 3 δ) strongly confirms this view. The early Middle English forms with medial e, stele-, steale-, stalewurðe are difficult to account for.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈstalworth. Obsolete exc. archaic. A. adj. †1. (Old English) Of things: Serviceable. Obsolete. ΚΠ c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (1871) xvii. 115 Se ðe geornlice conn ongietan ðæt he of him gadrige ðat him stælwierðe sie [L. quod adjuvat]. OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. an. 896 Þa [scipu] þe þær stælwyrðe wæron binnan Lunden byrig [hie] gebrohton. a1000 Ælfred's Blooms in Cockayne Shrine (1864) 192 He gyfð..gooda gifa on þissa wurlda þeah hi eca ne sien hi beoð þeah stælwyrða þa hwile þe we on þisse wurlde beoð. 2. Of persons, and animals: Strongly and stoutly built, sturdy, robust. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > resistant to disease, etc. strongeOE stalworthc1175 starka1250 stiff1297 stalworthyc1300 vigorousc1330 stoura1350 lustyc1374 marrowya1382 sturdyc1386 crank1398 robust1490 vigorious1502 stalwart1508 hardy1548 robustious1548 of force1577 rustical1583 marrowed1612 rustic1620 robustic1652 solid1741 refractory1843 salted1864 resistant1876 saulteda1879 the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [adjective] stalworthc1175 thicka1250 stubblea1300 quarryc1300 stalworthyc1300 stoura1350 sturdyc1386 buirdlya1400 squarec1430 couragec1440 craskc1440 substantialc1460 ample1485 stalwart1508 puddinga1540 full-bodied1588 robust1666 two-handed1687 swankinga1704 strapping1707 broad-set1708 thick-set1724 throddy?1748 thick-bodied1752 broad-built1771 junky1825 swankie1838 stodgy1854 wide-bodied1854 beefish1882 hunky1911 buff1982 buffed1986 the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [adjective] > robust strongeOE hardOE stalworthc1175 starka1250 stiff1297 steel to the (very) backa1300 stalworthyc1300 wightc1300 stable13.. valiant1303 stithc1325 toughc1330 wrast1338 stoura1350 sadc1384 wighty14.. derfc1440 substantialc1460 well-jointed1483 felon1487 robust1490 stalwart1508 stoutya1529 robustous?1531 rankc1540 hardy1548 robustious1548 stout1576 rustical1583 rustic1620 iron1638 robustic1652 swankinga1704 strapping1707 rugged1731 solid1741 vaudy1793 flaithulach1829 ironbark1833 swankie1838 tough as (old) boots or leather1843 skookum1847 hard (also tough, sharp) as nails1862 hard-assed1954 nails1974 α. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 25 He..þenchet ic em hal and fere and strong and stelewurðe get ic mei longe libben and alle mine sunne timliche ibeten. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1950 Alle on stalworþ stedes stoutliche i-horsed. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 263 Þerfore þey haueþ staleworþe children and stronge. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 846 On stal-worth schonkeȝ. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxxii. f. xxvi Maximian..was stalworth and mighty of his handes. 1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis i. f. 12 A stalworth striplynge strong and stowt. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne vii. xxvii. 122 His stalworth steed the champion stout bestroad. 1847 H. W. Longfellow Evangeline i. i. 43 Stalworth and stately in form was the man of seventy winters.1864 J. S. Le Fanu Uncle Silas I. xv. 168 The stalworth lady.1890 D. C. Murray John Vale's Guardian xxiv We're a pretty stalworth set o' people.β. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xviii. 310 Apon a stalward hors he raid. 3. Of persons, their actions, etc.: Brave, courageous, valiant, mighty. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > valour > valour or stoutness > [adjective] stalwortha1225 stoutly1338 galliard?a1400 stout?1507 stoutya1529 α. a1225 Juliana 44 Þeo ilke þat beoð stalewurðe [MS. Bodl. stealewurðe]. a1225 Leg. Kath. 702 A stalewurðe deð. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 25 He was þe stalworþeste man at nede, Þat may riden on ani stede. 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 9833 Þat blessyng..makeþ vs stalwurþe yn batayle whan þe fende wyl vs asayle. c1400 Rule St. Benet (Verse) 276 For god makes þam so mekli of mayne And stalworth to stand him [þe deuel] a-gayne. c1400 Destr. Troy 365 Mony stalworth in stoure. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 286/1 in Chron. I Harolde aunswered, that they were not Priestes, but stalwoorth and hardie Souldiours. a1650 Turke & Gowin 25 in Percy Fol. MS. (1867) I. 91 Giue thou be neuer soe stalworth of hand I shall bring thee to the ground. 1808 W. Scott Marmion i. v. 27 He was a stalworth knight, and keen.1853 D. Rock Church of our Fathers (1903) III. i. ix. 251 England's most stalworth knights.β. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3960 Þe kniȝtes þe stalwordore & þe betere in hor dede.a1400–50 Wars Alex. 3937 Þa foule Backes, Als store & as stalword as þire sedill dowis.1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xv. lxxxvi. sig. hiij^v/1 The men..ben stalword [a1398 BL Add. stalworth] men: stronge werryours & fyers.γ. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 199 Hwen hit unstrengeð þe schulde beo monlich. staðelwurðe. & kene itreowe bileaue.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 428 Vor godes loue stalwarde men armieþ ȝow vaste.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 356 Till withstand Men that thame soucht vith stalvard hand.1595 J. Davidson in C. Rogers Three Sc. Reform. (1874) 104 John Knox that valyant Conqueror, That stood in many stalward stour.1774 D. Graham Impartial Hist. Rebellion (ed. 3) iii. 32 That stalward Duke.δ. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 199 Staðelwurðe [cf. ?c1225 at γ. ]. †4. = strong adj. in various applications. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [adjective] mightyeOE strongOE bigc1300 boldc1300 fort13.. steer13.. steevec1300 valiant1303 stalwortha1340 fortin1340 strengthfula1382 stout1390 pithya1400 tora1400 mighteda1470 strengthyc1485 forcy1488 nervy1598 nervous1616 whipcordy1856 Tarzanesque1933 Tarzan-like1943 α. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter ii. 9 Þis wand..stalworth & lastand. 1340–70 Alisaunder 1230 Þat stalworthe sted [Constantinople]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17342 Þai ledd ioseph..To prisun in a stalworth hald. c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 68 Whanne a stomake ys hoot, stalworthe, and good. γ. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 491 Douglas the castell sesit all, At than wes closit vith stalward vall.1774 D. Graham Impartial Hist. Rebellion (ed. 3) ix. 86 Over Spey all safely came, That rapid river and stalward stream. †B. n. A strong and valiant man. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > hero > person of mettle heart1340 heart of oakc1384 bolda1400 doughtya1400 stalworthc1400 sternc1400 Ironsidea1470 stalwart1508 galliard1532 lada1556 stoutheart1556 hardydardy1593 valour1609 valiant1610 fireman1648 hearty1790 my (also me) hearty1839 the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [noun] > robustness > person stalworthc1400 Ironsidea1470 stalwart1508 iron man1643 pine knot1836 iron woman1900 hard rock1922 toughie1929 tough guy1932 hard-ass1962 hardbody1980 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1659 Wyth stille stollen countenance, þat stalworth to plese. ?a1500 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) II. 41 Suche a stalwarde before me never stood So stowte and stearne is he. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.c897
随便看	on etc side of the water on even board with on even hand on even hands on even keel on even terms on evening on every account on every end on every half on every hand on every side on excellent authority on faith on faste on file on finance on fire on first face on first name terms on flame on float on flood on foot on foot of