standn.1
/stand/, U.S. /stænd/ I. The action or condition of standing, and related senses.† 1. A delay. Obsolete. rare.† 4. † 6. A highway robbery. Obsolete. rare.† 7. The way in which something stands. Obsolete.In quot. a1684 the editors of the 1955 edition suggest the reading, ‘the (house) stands’, which may show the verb (see stand v. 19). However most later editions accept the original use of ‘stande’ as showing a noun in this sense.† 12. The ability of leather to be stretched so that it undergoes a permanent change in shape. Obsolete. rare.
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OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Mark vi. 35 Cum iam mora multa fieret accesserunt discipuli eius : miððy soðlice stando..monigo wæs [OE Rushw. Gospels horæ multae fierent : stondas monige werun] geneolecdon ðegnas his.
2.
a. An act of determinedly holding or defending a position against an enemy in battle instead of retreating or surrendering; a display of resistance or opposition in battle. Chiefly in to make a (or one's) stand. Cf. stand v. 8a and last stand n.
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society > armed hostility > defence > holding out or making stand > [noun]
stand1555
last stand1660
1555 J. Wilkinson tr. L. de Avila y Cuñiga Comm. Wars in Germany sig. D.v They made a stonde with theyr horsemen and footemen, and began to tempest on al partes with al theyr artillerye.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. vii. 2 Wel fought, we are come off, Like Romans, neither foolish in our stands, Nor Cowardly in retyre. View more context for this quotation
1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 269 He had raised a breast-work at a narrow pass, behind which he resolved to make his stand.
1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VI. xlvii. 115 The besieged made a short stand in the market-place.
1935 Daily Mail 7 Oct. 14/2 The Abyssinian troops have not been able to deliver battle and make a stand..before the Italian invading forces.
2001 Philadelphia Inquirer 14 Nov. a20/3 Maybe they are keeping their powder dry to make a stand in Kandahar. But their retreats could set off a chain reaction of rebellions against them.
b. More generally: an act of resistance or opposition; a determined effort to oppose something. In later use also: a show of support for or opposition against something that is subject to controversy, disagreement, etc. Frequently in to make (or take) a stand.Sometimes hard to distinguish from sense 14b.
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the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > step or movement in opposition
counterblast1567
stand1602
counter-motion1606
outstandingc1650
counterpace1692
counter-step1720
counter-move1858
counter-movement1866
fight-back1953
1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida i. sig. B2v Take spirit..be confident: Make a firme stand, here rests the hope of all.
1749 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 12 Dec. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1459 Mr. Hampden, to whose brave stand against the illegal demand of Ship-money, we owe our present liberties.
1833 H. Martineau Brooke & Brooke Farm (ed. 3) i. 13 We at once determined to make a stand against oppression.
1880 L. T. Townsend Fate of Republics iv. iii. 208 Archbishop Williams dares not take a stand against them in their present agitation of the school question.
1952 Economist 6 Sept. 556/1 It is believed that there will be a substantial ‘silent’ vote against Mr. McCarthy by other citizens unwilling or unable to take a public stand against him.
1989 L. Clarke Chymical Wedding (1990) ix. 212 Mindless gentry—with a single decent exception. One of them made a stand for repeal of the Corn Laws, which must have taken some guts in this neck of the woods.
2000 D. J. Reimer in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 336/2 Jeremiah's career has been associated with the German theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer in his stand against Nazism.
2017 Acorn (Nexis) 15 Oct. 1 We wanted to make a stand against racism.
c. Sport. A show of determined or prolonged resistance to an opponent. Now also (Cricket): a period of any length in which two batters are batting together; spec. one which is prolonged; cf. partnership n. 1b.In quot. 1945 perhaps with admixture of sense 10.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [noun] > batsman's tenure of wicket
wicket1738
innings1755
stand1808
life1865
partnership1868
1808 Times 12 May [He] fell weak after fighting twenty-five minutes, and [after] making a good stand, he resigned.
1812 Sporting Mag. 39 187 [The pugilist] having made some good stands against first-raters.
1884 James Lillywhite's Cricketers' Ann. ii. ii. 60 The longest stand ever made by two batsmen in a first-class match.
1912 P. F. Warner Eng. v. Austral. iv. 29 Barnes and Strudwick made a capital last wicket stand.
1945 Vidette-Messenger (Valparaiso, Indiana) 12 July 8/4 The Dodgers, who began to hit the skids near the end of their successful home stand, have a chance to recoup against the impotent Reds.
1980 Wisden Cricket Monthly Mar. 6/3 Charlie Davis..was then joined by..Garfield Sobers, in a stand of 254 in 363 minutes.
2012 @saichery 8 Feb. in twitter.com (accessed 20 Sept. 2019) Sachin Tendulkar and Virat Kohli were involved in a stand of 75 for the second wicket.
3. † b. A state of being unable to proceed in thought, speech, or action; a state of perplexity, indecision, or hesitation. Chiefly in to be at a stand, to put (a person) to a stand. Obsolete.
a. A state of checked or arrested movement; a standstill. Chiefly in to be at a stand, to come to a stand, to bring or put (a person or animal) to a stand.
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the world > movement > absence of movement > [noun] > state of cessation of movement
standinga1398
stay1525
stand1584
consistence1598
still-stand1600
station1603
standstilla1646
dead lock1781
1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. i. f. 61 Bearing to that coast where the sunne is at a stand in winter.
1623 W. Lawson New Orchard & Garden (ed. 2) vii. 20 At the fal of the leafe..about that time is ye greatest stand (but not descent) of sap.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 10 The Winds shrank upon us from off the Coast of Ginea..and had left us at a stand.
1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. I. iv.* 139 Nor could he ever be persuaded to believe..that at the first pass he came to, his whole army would be put to a stand.
1857 D. Livingstone Missionary Trav. S. Afr. xvii. 310 We were..brought to a stand on this very plain by severe fever.
2019 @LNER 18 Sept. in twitter.com (accessed 19 Sept. 2019) The 09:30 #KingsCross to #Edinburgh has come to a stand with a train fault.
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the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > [noun] > resulting in inaction
nonplus1582
full stopa1586
stand1625
nonplussation1833
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 2 One of the later Schoole of the Grecians, examineth the matter, and is at a stand, to thinke what should be in it, that men should loue Lies.
1629 E. Sandys Europæ Speculum 71 Friers..being men of great mark..drew theyr Convents..with them; and thereby set the rest in such an amazement and stand, that the Pope grew in a general great jealousie of them all.
1657 E. D'Oyley Let. 28 Feb. in Coll. State Papers J. Thurloe (1742) VI. 834 The prints telling me, that the heads of their people are..accounted conspirators..hath put me to some stand how to carry myself towards them.
1739 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) IV. 212 There is one point however that puts me to a stand.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 337 It remains only to consider the proofs of financial ability... Here I am a little at a stand; for credit, properly speaking, they have none. View more context for this quotation
a1822 P. B. Shelley Poet. Wks. (1870) II. 360 With a bottle in one hand, As if his very soul were at a stand, Lionel stood.
c. A state of arrested activity, development, growth, fluctuation, or change. Chiefly in at a stand, to come to a stand. Now rare and archaic.
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the world > action or operation > ceasing > [noun] > a stop or cessation of action or process
steadc1000
stayc1563
full stopa1586
period1590
death blow1596
vacation1617
stand1625
let-up1836
estop1884
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 242 The Greatest Part of Trade, is driuen by Young Merchants, vpon Borrowing at Interest: So as if the Vsurer, either call in, or keepe backe his Money, there will ensue presently a great Stand of Trade.
1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 171 Nor did the pure Latine tongue continue long at a stand of perfection in Rome..but she receivd changes and corruption.
1664 R. Flecknoe Short Disc. Eng. Stage G 4 b We began before them [sc. the French], and if since they seem to have out-stript us, 'tis because our Stage ha's stood at a stand this many years.
a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 141 My wheat, for want of rain, was at a stand in it's growth.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 324 The effect [of attempting by law to regulate prices] was, a momentary apparent stand in the price of articles.
1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. v. 223 In the northern winter, not only vegetable life, but likewise vegetable decay must be at a stand.
1842 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 24 Nov. in Amer. Notebks. (1972) vi. 365 Vegetation has quite come to a stand.
1979 P. O'Brian Fortune of War ix. 304 There is a mort of work at a stand.
d. Hunting. The rigid standing posture with pointed muzzle assumed by a dog (esp. a pointer or setter) to indicate the presence and position of game. Now rare.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dogs used for specific purposes > [noun] > sporting or hunting dog > that starts or indicates prey > attitude assumed by dog on finding prey
stand1802
1802 Port Folio 30 Oct. 337/2 The dog must search for them [sc. Pennsylvanian pheasants] close before the hunter, because otherwise he would see nothing in the wood, when the dog should come to a stand.
1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports i. i. iii. 33 By increasing the encouragement in proportion to the increased length of stand, the dog becomes hourly improved.
1883 Cent. Mag. Aug. 492 On our approach to the field, the dogs quartered it, but they did not come to a stand.
1900 Forest & Stream 5 May 353 As he was walking through a crowded thoroughfare in New Orleans with his favourite Gordon setter, Don, the dog, made a beautiful stand.
1954 Pennsylvania Game News Aug. 8/2 She came to a stand six feet ahead of Rip.
a. The action or an act of standing in place. Also with reference to a person in motion: the act of coming to a position of rest; a pause or halt in movement (esp. in to make (a) stand). Cf. sense 2. Obsolete.
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the world > movement > absence of movement > [noun] > state of cessation of movement > act of
arrestc1385
stop?1575
stand1591
the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > be resolute or determined [verb (intransitive)] > make a firm stand
to make (a) stand1591
to put one's foot down1833
to stand up to one's lick-logs1834
1591 G. Clayton Approoued Order Martiall Discipline i. 15 He is to accompany the watch to place of stand.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. vi. 2 This is the penthouse vnder which Lorenzo desired vs to make stand [1623 make a stand] . View more context for this quotation
a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Beggers Bush v. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Mm2v/1 Why dost thou make These often stands? thou saidst thou knewst the way.
1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite i, in Fables 8 At ev'ry Turn, she made a little Stand, And thrust among the Thorns her Lilly hand To draw the Rose.
1827 D. Johnson Sketches Indian Field Sports (ed. 2) 208 He made a stand at one of them, and appeared to deposit something.
1898 D. Wingate in Ballads & Poems (Glasgow Ballad Club) 2nd Ser. 272 But bairns cam' hame and stauns cam' roun', A trade depressed brang wages doun.
b. With reference to thoughts, speech, etc.: the act of coming to a stop, pause, or halt. Chiefly in to make (a) stand. Obsolete.
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the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun] > a temporary cessation of activity or operation
pause1440
trip1584
interpause1595
wem1599
stand1602
vacation1617
interspiration1623
intercisiona1631
interregnum1659
lapse1838
shutdown1857
break1878
slip1898
seventh-inning stretch1915
standoff1918
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge ii. iii. B2v And thrice, deluded by erroneous sense, I forc't my thoughts make stand.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. ii. 39 And we are all well pleas'd, Since all, and euery part of what we would Doth make a stand, at what your Highnesse will. View more context for this quotation
a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 536 Had these narrators made a stand here,..they had found nor contradiction nor discommendation.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 33. ⁋7 But by Heaven, and all that's Sacred! If you could ——. Here he made a full Stand.
1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. vii. 127 It was not unthinking carelessness, by which he run on headlong in Vice and Folly, without ever making a stand to ask himself what he was doing.
c. An act or instance of stopping in the development of an argument, train of thought, etc., to expand on a particular subject or point. Obsolete.
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the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > phrase > [noun]
locution?a1475
phrase1530
saying1530
comma1592
speecha1599
standa1626
gramm1647
dictiona1660
roada1690
slip-slop1823
construct1871
group word1888
a1626 L. Andrewes XCVI Serm. (1629) 689 I proceed now to the second Combination, of breath, and the Holy Ghost... (I make two stands of it:) Breath and the Spirit: Christ's breath and the Holy Spirit.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 36 Another Argument..which may happily at first blush seem to have more tiew in it than all the stands we have met with hitherto.
d. The third part of a Greek choral ode following the strophe and antistrophe; = epode n. 2. Obsolete. rare.
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society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > lyric poem > [noun] > ode > epode
standa1637
epode1671
a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods lxx, in Wks. (1640) III The Turne... The Counter-turne... The Stand.
5. coarse slang. An erection of the penis. Cf. standing n.1 10.In early use punning on other senses in the context of sexual innuendo.
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the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > [noun] > erection
elevation1543
erection1594
tentigoa1603
Jack1604
stand1608
surgation1688
cockstandc1890
hard-on1898
hard1927
boner1936
hard up1937
bone-on1969
morning-glory1985
1608 T. Middleton Mad World, my Masters iv. sig. F2 What at a stand? the fitter for my company?
?1661 2nd Pt. Merry Drollery 139 He was ill at Command, but worse at a stand, So they sought out another more able.
1868 tr. Martial Index Expurgatorius 88 Maevius who while sleeping only gets A piss-proud stand that melts away on waking.
c1900 ‘C. Deveureux’ Venus in India (new ed.) II. 82 She was as fine and nicely made a little Poll as you ever saw!..But by Jove! I could not get a stand!
1930 Lyra Ebriosa 6 O, Mr. Smith, he had no manhood. He couldn't hardly raise a stand.
1967 J. Orton Diary 15 May (1989) 166 ‘He hasn't been able to get a hard on!’ Kenneth said in tones of the utmost disapproval. ‘A fifteen-year-old boy and he can't get a stand on. It's absolutely shameful.’
1972 S. Selvon Those who eat Cascadura iii. 58 As soon as he could catch a stand, I will teach him what to do with it!
2012 M. Marlowe Touch of Rogue xx. 217 His cock rose in an iron-hard stand and no amount of willing it away could ease the throbbing ache.
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the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > hostile lying in wait > a lying in wait or ambush
waitingc1200
spyc1380
settingc1430
watch?a1475
wait1533
stale1557
ambush1573
imboscata1595
stand1616
belaying1677
1616 B. Jonson Poëtaster (rev. ed.) To Rdr., in Wks. I. 349 Thefts, notable As Ocean pyracies, or high-way stands.
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the world > space > relative position > [noun]
standing?c1400
situationa1484
setting?1523
disposition?1541
position1556
collocation1605
posture1605
standa1684
lie1697
lay1819
presentation1833
sit1857
gisement1864
orientation1875
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1679 (1955) IV. 177 The (house) stands [Note: or stande] somewhat like Frascati as to its front.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 190/1 To ensure the correct ‘stand’ of the timbers in relation to the keel.
8. U.S. The performance or service of a stallion or bull as a breeding animal; the act of copulation by a stallion or bull with a mare or cow. Cf. stand v. 7.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > [noun] > performance at stud
stand1797
1797 E. Chambers Let. 29 Nov. in Papers of John Steele (1924) I. 151 As a covering horse I am of Opinion he would make a very good Stand.
1836 Russellville (Kentucky) Weekly Advertiser 21 Jan. 3/3 (advt.) Merlin is now at this stand in Elkton... Books are opened for those who may wish to enter their mares.
1959 W. Faulkner Mansion i. 9 He had to lead the cow the three miles back..to claim a second stand from the bull.
9. The mean sea level at a given epoch in the past. Also: the level of the sea at high or low tide; the cessation of increase or decrease in sea level at high or low tide.
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the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > region of sea or ocean > [noun] > sea level
stand1854
1854 C. A. Schott in Rep. Superintendent Coast Surv. U.S. 1854 (1855) 38 The ebb commences a short time before the high-water stand on the shore on Nantucket takes place.
1887 Amer. Naturalist 21 824 The generally accepted post-glacial depression and higher stand of the sea at Boston is thus discredited by local observation.
1966 Gloss. Oceanogr. Terms (U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office) (ed. 2) 156/1 Where a double tide occurs, the stand may last for several hours even with a large range of tide.
1978 Nature 18 May 185/3 At that time [sc. 22,000 years ago], sea-level was about 300 foot below its present stand because so much of the Earth's water was locked in glaciers.
2016 R. P. Bourman et al. Coastal Landscapes S. Austral. vi. 178 This stranded cliff was eroded during a relatively higher stand of the sea, probably during the Last Interglacial.
10. Originally U.S. Theatre. Any of various places or stops on the tour of a play, concert, etc.; a performance or performances given at such a place. Frequently with modifier denoting the duration of such a visit, as one-week stand, two-night stand, etc.Recorded earliest in one-night stand n.
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society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > a performance > other types
début1751
vehicle1785
benefit1802
showpiece1810
ticket-night1812
yatra1827
command1839
lollipopa1849
party piece1851
roadshow1874
one-night stand1878
stand1878
one-man show1879
small1886
command performance1897
ticket benefit1898
frivol1903
run-through1905
pre-production1906
riot1909
one-nighter1916
gala performance1932
improv1953
warm-up1958
workshopping1966
impro1979
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > circuit > halt on tour
stand1878
1878 Inter Ocean (Chicago) 24 June 1/3 An extended tour of the country next season, embracing all the smallest cities and one-night stands.
1884 Graphic 6 Sept. 262/3 At our third stand, luckily, we were more successful.
1895 N.Y. Dramatic News 19 Oct. 11/1 Denver was the second stand of the week.
1938 D. Baker Young Man with Horn iii. ii. 177 He'd been making stands at moving-picture houses all over the country.
1959 Times 16 Dec. 3/2 A number of travelling road-shows do one or two-night stands at such unlikely places as the Constitution Hall.
2015 C. E. Lauterbach Jolly Della Pringle x. 114 On March 13 Della's group began a one-week stand at Lewiston, Idaho's, Temple Theatre.
11. In certain forms of exercise, dance, etc.: a standing posture or position. Frequently without article. Frequently (and earliest) with modifier.
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the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > [noun] > standing posture
station1526
stand1883
stance1897
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > [noun] > actions or positions
vaulting1531
cross-step1728
still-vaulting1854
roll1858
trampolining1867
planche1878
handstand1890
rollover1891
trapezing1894
press1901
straddle1905
kip1909
upstart1909
headstand1915
round-off1917
neck-roll1920
undergrip1920
pike1928
swivel hips1943
thigh lift1949
overswing1955
shoulder stand1956
stand1956
floor exercise1957
squat1959
turnaround1959
salto1972
Tsukahara1972
1883 O. Knofe & J. Q. Macqueen tr. L. Puritz Code-bk. Gymnastic Exercises 3 Turn quickly from cross-stand to side-stand and back again.
1893 Outing May 154/1 In the present season, scarcely a sprinter is to be found who runs from a stand.
1956 G. C. Kunzle & B. W. Thomas Freestanding i. 26 Also try jumps from stand, both from half knee bend and with very little knee bend.
2007 Independent 13 June (Extra section) 4/2 A back handspring.., involving a leap and flip backwards from a stand to a handstand, returning to a stand.
2019 @thedefenseprof 25 Feb. in twitter.com (accessed 21 Sept. 2019) Fights don't start by sitting on the ground... Start from stand if spacing permits.
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1883 R. Haldane Workshop Receipts 2nd Ser. 372/1 The leather may have the quality known as Stand, that is to say, may be strongly stretched in either length or breadth without springing back.
II. A standing place or position, and related senses.† 15. A country or region. Obsolete. rare.Recorded earliest in through lands and stands: through many places.† 20. The landing of a staircase. Obsolete. rare.
13. Originally: a position held in battle while waiting for an attack or maintaining one's ground. Later: the post or station of a soldier, sentinel, watchman, or guard. Now historical.
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society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > military position > [noun] > of individual soldier
stand1392
post1598
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > post or place of
stand1392
guardc1500
vigil1533
watching-place1847
watch room1850
watch-post1852
1392 in Yorks. Archæol. Jrnl. (1900) 15 116 (MED) Yet wil ilkan..meynten him als his brother, Bothe in wrong and right; And so will we, in stond and stoure, Meynten oure negheboure With al oure myght.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. xi. 1 Endlang the wallis kyrnellis euery stand, The bruyt and clamour rais fra hand to hand.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iv. iii. 1 1 Watch. Come on my Masters, each man take his stand . View more context for this quotation
1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia ii. 37 At every halfe houre one from the Corps du gard doth hollow..; vnto whom every Sentinell doth answer round from his stand.
1760 S. Johnson Idler 9 Feb. 41 He..comes home..with such Thunders at the Door, as have more than once brought the Watchmen from their Stands.
1985 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 89 252/2 The sentry stand of the southern Propylon..is located on the left side of the gate, whereas the other two stands in the palace..are set to the right of their respective doorways.
14.
a. A person's standing place or position. Also figurative. Also in to take one's stand and †to take stand(poetic). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > position or situation > [noun] > where one takes up a position, residence, etc.
space?a1400
standa1400
stance1532
settling1582
station1587
consistory1592
roosting place1643
pitch1699
standing place1736
terrain1832
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1694 Siþen efter alþernest hand þe meke beistes sal haue þair stand.
a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 249 Come now wyth me, and stond on ȝondyr stonde befor þe and loke downeward.
1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres iii. cxxv. sig. S2 Nay father since your fortune did attaine So hye a stand: I meane not to descend, Replyes the Prince.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. iv. 27 Por. Is Cæsar yet gone to the Capitoll? Sooth. Madam not yet, I go to take my stand, To see him passe. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 395 Then from his loftie stand on that high Tree Down he alights. View more context for this quotation
1713 A. Pope Windsor-Forest 6 Beneath the quiv'ring Shade..The patient Fisher takes his silent Stand.
1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. iv. 114 He saw from his lofty stand all the dumb show of gallantry.
1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche i. xxiii. 10 She passed, and taking stand Upon its taper horn of furthest land, Looked left and right.
1931 M. A. Barnes Westward Passage vi. 215 Little Olivia was looking at her mother very steadily from her stand near the door.
b. An attitude towards a particular issue; a position taken in an argument; an opinion or viewpoint.Sometimes hard to distinguish from sense 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > mental attitude, point of view > [noun]
spectaclec1386
reckoninga1393
view1573
sect1583
prospective1603
light1610
posture1642
point of view1701
stand1819
attitude of mind1832
psychology1834
standpoint1834
perspective1841–8
position1845
viewpoint1856
angle1860
way of looking at it1861
attitudea1873
pose1892
Anschauung1895
slant1905
1819 J. Mackintosh in Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 39 782 Accepting..the noble lord's concession,..here I might take my stand, and challenge him to drive me from this ground.
1850 Tait's Edinb. Mag. July 428/2 Their opponents take their stand on a quibble.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §4. 375 He [sc. Philip] was preparing..to take a new political stand as the patron of Catholicism throughout the world.
1912 Amer. Economist 2 Feb. 52/3 When we take into consideration the country's stand on reciprocity, there can be but little doubt as to the position it will take on the matter of Free-Trade.
1939 New Yorker 29 July 22 Many recording companies [were confused] by his tendency to judge their products by their stand on severance pay.
1959 Statehood for Hawaii: Hearings before Comm. Interior & Insular Affairs (U.S. House of Representatives, 86th Congr., 1st Sess.) 149 They did not take a stand for or against communism.
2000 Church Times 4 Aug. 9/1 For some years the Bishop of Bath & Wells has been prevented from acting as a concelebrant at the main eucharist because of his stand in support of women's ordination.
2018 A. Amaya in H. Kaptein & B. Velden Analogy & Exemplary Reasoning in Legal Disc. (e-book, accessed 22 Sept. 2019) 27 I will not take a stand on these issues.
c. U.S. Education. At certain colleges and universities: a degree of proficiency measured by achievement in schoolwork; (also) a mark or grade awarded in assessment. Now historical.
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society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > marks
result1802
mark1829
stand1871
grade1886
1871 L. H. Bagg Four Years at Yale iii. ii. 579 When the recitation marks and examination marks of all the studies of a term are combined together, the resulting average indicates a man's general stand for that term.
1904 N.Y. Evening Post 17 Mar. 7 The highest stand man of the non-elective scholastic period was Dean Wright of 1868, who attained a stand of 3·71 on a scale of 4·00.
1923 R. D. Paine Comrades Rolling Ocean i. 11 I had a rotten stand in your course.
2009 N. L. Syrett Company he Keeps 144 Cheating was acceptable for all but those who took the highest stand or top grade in his class; those men should have achieved the distinction on their own.
d. The resting place of a salmon.
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the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Salmo > salmo salar (salmon) > habitat
salmon river1753
redd1808
salmon pool1866
stand1871
1871 Angler's Diary & Fisherman's Guide Rivers & Lakes World 7/1 Any subscriber who shall leave a stand or swim to fish at any other place, the stand or swim he so leaves shall be open to any other subscriber to occupy.
1886 Q. Rev. Oct. 359 (note) A salmon is said to be swimming when he is moving up the river from pool to pool. At other times he is usually resting in his ‘stand’ or ‘lie’.
1971 Salmon & Trout Mag. July 127 This is quite a useful salmon stand—a small sea trout fly dabbled into the flow just below the gravel sill will often produce a good hand reared grilse.
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the world > space > distance > distance or farness > a long way off [phrase] > through a great distance
through lands and standsc1400
c1400 Comm. on Canticles (Bodl. 288) in T. Arnold Sel. Eng. Wks. J. Wyclif (1871) III. 27 Þei schulen go þoru liȝt of þin arrowis, þat is, of þi þurlinge wordis, þoru londis and stondis.
?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1996) I. l. 319 Theise days, so nowe wythin þis stondes, Habites wythin Ynglandes bondes Fyfe nacions—Normannys and Brytons Pheghtes and Scottes and eke Saxons.
16. A place or position from which a hunter shoots game; (now esp.) an elevated platform, chair, etc., used for this purpose.See also deer-stand n.Earlier currency is apparently implied by place names: see etymological note.
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the world > food and drink > hunting > shooting > [noun] > place to shoot from
standa1425
standinga1425
batterya1841
shooting-hole1850
butt1880
box1884
a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) xxxv. 115 And þanne þe mayster forster or parker oweth to shewe hym þe kynges stonde.
1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 iii. i. 3 Come lets take our stands vpon this hill, And by and by the deere will come this waie.
1621 G. Markham Hungers Preuention 66 You must be carefull not to mooue them at all but to lye at the stand watching behinde them.
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iii. xxii. 148 Using Gods cause as hunters do a stand, in it the more covertly to shoot at what game they please.
1679 T. Blount Fragmenta Antiquitatis 165 Ad stabliamentum pro venatione capienda. For driving Deer to a stand in order to shooting them.
1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 253 Like an old decay'd Oak..where the Keepers in England take a Stand, as they call it, to shoot a Deer.
1791 W. Gilpin Remarks Forest Scenery II. 24 Here too, he had a banquetting-room built, like a stand, in a large tree.
1853 Illustr. London Mag. Sept. 99/1 The ‘stand men’ remain quiet, with their guns in readiness.
1876 Field 9 Dec. in W. W. Greener Breech-loader (1892) 270 My usual practice in grouse driving is to take two guns into the ‘stands’.
1977 Morning Herald (Hagerstown, Maryland) 28 Nov. 1 The two men had erected separate hunting stands in trees 100 yards apart.
2015 Hoosier Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 15 Nov. (Herald-Times ed.) f3/3 A haul line should be used to lift a gun, a bow or other gear into the stand.
17. † b. A place where a beggar regularly stands while begging. Obsolete. rare.
a. A stall, booth, or kiosk where food or other goods are displayed and sold. Now also (North American): a roadside business where produce or other food is sold. Frequently with modifier indicating the type of stand or goods sold.See also concession stand n., hot dog stand, newspaper stand n., taco stand n., tamale stand, etc.
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society > trade and finance > trading place > stall or booth > [noun]
shopOE
boothc1175
cheaping-boothc1175
stall1377
standinga1387
crame1477
bower1506
stand1551
loge1749
market stall1827
kiosk1865
joint1927
1551 in A. Maxwell Old Dundee (1891) 305 That all cramers..come to the kirkyaird..and big their stands and tents there.
1568 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlviii. 401 To pay my buth maill and my stand.
c1580 ( in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 105 Ilk land..haiffand flesche on stokkis or buirdis in the merkit to sell to pay ilk Mononday a half penny for detching of thair standis.
1621 in J. D. Marwick Rec. Convent. Royal Burghs Scotl. (1878) III. 113 For euerie fute of length of ane merchand stand, tua pennyes.
1845 B. Disraeli Sybil III. v. vi. 78 The gas was beginning to glare in the shops..and the paper lanthorns to adorn the stall and the stand.
1867 J. K. Hunter Retrospect Artist's Life (1912) xxxi. 333 The shoe stands being erected in the Kirkyard.
1975 Weekend Mag. (Montreal) 4 Oct. 2/1 There's a vegetable stand beside the road just before Route 3 winds into Sorel.
2019 Sentinel (Carlisle, Pennsylvania) (Nexis) 18 June This program allows seniors to buy produce and vegetables grown in Pennsylvania at farmers markets and stands.
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1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxxvii. 361 If I see them [sc. beggars] often..and so much in the same Place, as if they were as tenacious of their Stand, as others of their Freehold.
c. U.S. A roadside establishment providing refreshments and accommodation for travellers. More fully tavern stand. Now historical.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > [noun] > lodging-place > temporary > for travellers, pilgrims, etc.
schooleOE
hospitalc1300
khanc1400
xenodochy?c1550
posting inn1556
vent1577
caravanserai1585
yam1587
serai1609
venta1610
post-house1611
xenodochium1612
imaret1613
seraglio1617
rancho1648
hospitium1650
watering-house1664
choultry1698
accommodation house1787
stage-house1788
spital1794
stand1805
resthouse1807
hospice1818
resting1879
stopping house1883
truck stop1961
1805 Maryland Herald 20 Sept. The subscriber has rented for a term of years, that old stand, (known by the name of Carlisle's) on the road leading from Hagers-town to Cumberland.
1948 E. N. Dick Dixie Frontier 209 The term ‘stand’ was used for a tavern along the stage lines.
1987 Gettysburg (Pa.) Times 2 Sept. 4 a/2 In its long career as a tavern stand this place has accommodated some noted visitors.
d. slang (chiefly U.S.). A place or location used by a drug dealer to sell drugs. Somewhat rare.
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1929 Chicago Tribune 11 Oct. 14/3 The [drug-]peddler takes his stock to a point on the street or possibly a pool hall. The place where he meets his customers is called a ‘meet’ or a ‘stand’.
1970 Derrick (Oil City, Pa.) 14 Mar. 4/3 Nearly every youngster in the ghetto knows who the local pusher is, but he continues at his stand day after day, without ever being picked up.
18. Falconry. A position of rest from flight, esp. on a raised perch or roost. Frequently in to take (the) stand, to go to (the) stand. Now rare.
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the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > hawk > resting place or nest
stand1578
eyrie1667
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 24 Lucilla..fearing he would take stande if the lure were not cast out, toke him by the hand and..began thus to comfort him.
1583 R. Greene Mamillia i. f. 4v The hawke that commeth at the first cal, wil neuer be stedfast on the stond.
1615 G. Markham Countrey Contentments i. viii. 93 (margin) Helps for faults in long winged hawkes, and first of the stand.
1678 J. Ray Summary of Falconry v, in tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 409 Remedy for a Hawk taking Stand in a Tree... When..your Hawk hath stooped, and endeavours to go to Stand [etc.].
1753 Country Gentleman's Compan. 41 When you lure the Hawk, cast your Lure into some low Tree or Bush, that thereby you may bring her to take the Stand.
1899 Country Life Illustr. 28 Oct. 535/2 A good bird has been known to take stand for no reason whatever, and refuse to come down to dead lure, live rabbits or pigeons.
1993 M. Hollinshead Hawking Ground Quarry i. 21 To be successful in hunting these hare, the hawk must be taught to take stand high up in a tree.
19.
a. An elevated platform for spectators at an outdoor sporting event or performance. Now (usually in plural): a large raised structure at a stadium, arena, etc., having tiered rows where spectators sit or stand. grandstand: see grandstand n.
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society > leisure > sport > place for sports or games > [noun] > accommodation for spectators
scaffold1470
scaffolding1537
stand1615
pergolaa1641
box seat1779
spectatory1829
ringside1849
box1860
ring-seat1889
ringside seat1897
terracing1902
terrace1950
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > place where view obtained > [noun] > gallery or stand for spectators
seld1598
stand1615
ventilator1822
spectatory1829
press gallery1869
bleacher1889
bleachery1909
waving-base1954
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > a public show or spectacle > type of show or spectacle > [noun] > parade or procession > platform for spectators
stand1842
1615 Doncaster Corporation Order 6 June in W. Sheardown Doncaster Races (1861) 4 It is agreed that the stand and the stoopes shall be pulled upp and imploied to some better purpose, and the race to be discontinued.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1654 (1955) III. 115 Neere this [is] a Pergola or stand, built to view the Sports.
1842 Niles' Reg. 15 Oct. 103/3 From a stand erected on Main Cross street, Mr. Clay..reviewed a part of the procession.
1876 O. W. Holmes How Old Horse won Bet 110 As..The old horse nears the judges' stand.
1902 Daily Mail 7 Apr. 5/1 (heading) Stand collapses at a football match.
1977 Evening Post (Nottingham) 27 Jan. 20/4 There will be other rises with best seats in the stands going up to £1.40.
2019 San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 5 Oct. d 1 For Saturday's game, there were, generously, 2,000 to 3,000 people in the stands.
b. A stage or platform, typically outdoors, for a company of musicians or performers.Cf. band-stand n.
ΚΠ
1814 Trewman's Exeter Flying-post 4 Aug. During dinner a band of music, on an elevated stand in the centre of the square, played several national airs.
1928 Variety 15 Aug. 49/4 There were as many as 35 or 40 dark-skinned musicians on the stand, kidding around and giving their conception of low-down tunes.
a1985 B. Eckstine in I. Gitler Swing to Bop (1987) iv. 129 We'd get on the stand at night and, man, you never heard a band play like that in your life.
2019 States News Service (Nexis) 25 Apr. Foxtrot, cha cha, and rumba steps will turn the dance floor into a ballroom when Joe Battaglia and The New York Big Band hit the stand.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > stairs > [noun] > landing
half-pace1611
landing-place1611
rest1611
resting place1645
plate1661
hearth-pacec1675
foot pace1679
stand1709
flat1730
quarter-pace1730
landing1789
landing floor1856
1709 R. Steele & J. Addison Tatler No. 86 The simple 'Squire made a sudden Start to follow; but the Justice of the Quorum whipp'd between upon the Stand of the Stairs.
21. A place where vehicles like taxis and (formerly) horse-drawn carriages are authorized to wait to be hired; (also) the line of vehicles assembled in such a place (cf. rank n.1 1d). Later also: a designated area for buses to park or stop.See also cab stand n., taxi stand at taxi n. Compounds 1a.In Great Britain and Ireland, such an area for taxis is now normally called a taxi rank.
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society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport by vehicles plying for hire > [noun] > driving or hiring of cabs > station for vehicles plying for hire
standa1732
rank1829
standing1831
cab stand1832
coach-stand1834
hazard1836
ranking1903
taxi rank1907
taxi station1912
a1732 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 411 A lieutenant of the marine regiment quarrelling with a coachman in the stand.
1768 Act 8 Geo. III c. 21 §25 It shall..be lawful..for the said [Paving] Commissioners..to direct..how many Coaches shall be plied at each Stand.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xvi. 21 Long stands of hackney-chairs and groups of chairmen..obstructed the way.
1936 M. R. Anand Coolie (1993) iii. 139 The riot of noises at the carriage stand opposite the old caravanserai..fell on his ears.
1967 M. Anthony Green Days by River xii. 75 I went to the bus stand and waited.
2016 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 6 Apr. d 7 There was a stand of taxis in Holetown, but most people used buses along the main roads.
22.
a. Chiefly U.S. The site or location of a business; the building occupied by a business. Now often in old stand.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > [noun] > position or site for a business
stand1784
situs1950
workspace1974
greenfield2003
1784 G. Washington Diary 12 Sept. (1978) IV. 18 The whole of the ground..is a very good stand for a Tavern.
1788 Maryland Jrnl. 25 July in R. H. Thornton Amer. Gloss. (1912) [Notice] to those who would wish for the best Stand for a Dry or Wet Store.
1867 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows (1871) 64 Their historians..have succeeded to the good-will as well as to the long-established stand, of the shop of glory.
1948 Daily Ardmoreite (Ardmoreite, Okla.) 28 June 2/4 He has resumed business in the same old stand.
1997 J. Updike Toward End of Time i. 28 I took the train to Boston yesterday, to conduct a little business at the old stand.
b. South African. A plot or parcel of land designated for residential purposes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > position or situation > [noun] > actually occupied > on the ground > a site or plot of land
soil1430
stance1631
stand1893
1893 W. H. S. Bell in T. Reunert Diamonds & Gold in S. Afr. App. IX. 155 The lots of ground into which a town on a proclaimed field is divided are called ‘Stands’, or, in Dutch, Standplaatsen.
1895 Westm. Gaz. 6 Sept. 6/1 It is announced by the British South Africa Company that the annual sale of stands in Rhodesia has now been completed.
1950 D. Reed Somewhere South of Suez 48 When Johannesburg was taking shape ‘corner stands’ were much sought and therefore most valuable.
2018 Business Day (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 8 Mar. The countrywide residential property subsidy was R8.25-trillion in 2017. That is 11-million formal residential stands with an average value of R750,000.
23.
a. U.S. With the: the place where a witness testifies in court, typically an enclosed seat next to the judge's bench in a courtroom; a witness box. More fully witness-stand n. Cf. witness-box n. on (or upon) the stand: seated in the witness box. to take the stand: enter the witness box in order to give testimony.
ΚΠ
1805 Rep. Trial Ephraim Wheeler (ed. 2) 19 He has not called a single witness upon the stand.
1837 Emancipator (N.Y.) 22 June 31/3 Arthur Jones, a respectable colored man from Boston is on the stand, who testifies that he shipped Dixon from Boston in 1826, on board the brig John Gilpin.
1922 R. Parrish Case & Girl xxx. 316 Percival wouldn't go on the stand, and there wasn't much he could swear to if he did.
1951 Austin (Minnesota) Daily Herald 21 July 1/1 Maloney was the first witness to testify for the defense, and he was put on the stand to enable him to return to California as soon as possible.
2018 @abcWNN 7 Aug. in twitter.com (accessed 5 Oct. 2019) Special counsel Robert Mueller's ‘star witness’ Rick Gates, took the stand in the trial of President Trump's former campaign chairman.
b. Chiefly U.S. regional (southern and south Midland). An elevated platform used by a speaker, esp. a minister or preacher; a rostrum, a pulpit.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speech-making > [noun] > platform or stand
pulpita1387
pew1558
rostrum1652
stump1775
platform1817
stand1829
soap-box1907
paepae1937
1829 T. Flint George Mason 105 Thirty preachers of all ages surrounded the ‘stand’.
1840 Niles' Reg. 26 Sept. 56/2 Upon the stand, general Harrison was welcomed to Dayton, on behalf of the citizens..by judge Crane.
1852 W. B. Dewees & ‘C. Cardelle’ Lett. from Early Settler Texas 17 There was considerable excitement at the stand; some persons professed conversion, and there was a good deal of shouting.
1885 W. Wilson Congressional Govt. ii. 128 Members [of the French Chamber] do not speak from their seats,..but from the ‘tribune’..a box-like stand.
1963 L. Edwards Gravel in my Shoe 79 He was capable of filling the stand (i.e., pulpit) when the pastor failed to appear at the regular monthly meeting.
24. Australian and New Zealand. The post or job of a sheep-shearer; a person performing this job. Now chiefly with preceding numeral, e.g. 4 stand, 6 stand, used as a modifier: designating a shearing shed having a given number of places for shearers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > sheep-shearing > [noun] > station of shearer
board1878
stand1888
1888 Boomerang Brisbane 3 Mar. His next ‘stand’, who was a good man with the clippers, challenged him to a brush for a score.
1901 ‘R. Boldrewood’ In Bad Company 21 It's hard on a chap, when he comes to a shed..to be told that all the stands is took up.
1922 C. G. Turner Happy Wanderer 143 Four hundred men might answer the roll-call where only one hundred could ‘get a stand’—i.e. a chance to shear.
1933 Bulletin (Sydney) 6 Sept. 20/2 They run a record long shearing, six stands being considered sufficient to cope with 60,000 sheep.
1949 D. Walker We went to Austral. 97 We watched them [sc. shearers] in the ‘eight-stand’ shed at Nareeb.
2000 Riverine Herald (Echuca, Victoria) 15 Sept. 25/2 (advt.) 4 stand shearing shed (equipped).
III. A group of things or set of something, and related senses.† 26. Scottish. A set of measures used for trading a particular commodity or type of merchandise, esp. as the standard in a particular burgh. Also stand measure: a standard unit of measure. Obsolete.† 27. Perhaps: a drove or team of horses. Obsolete.
25. Originally and chiefly Scottish (later also Irish English). Usually with of. An outfit of clothes (esp. ecclesiastical vestments), or length of material used for this; a suit of armour; a set of harness straps and fittings. Also more generally: a set or group of items. stand of pipes: bagpipes.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > set or suit of clothes > [noun]
habita1420
standc1450
suitc1475
sluch1582
standard1631
rig-out1824
outfit1840
suiting1863
shape1886
rig-up1896
bag of fruit1924
ensemble1927
whistle and flute1931
vine1932
drape1945
c1450 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1842) III. i. 195 Of haill standis. Item in the fyrst of rede claith of gold, 1 stand.
1471 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors (1839) 12/2 The compleite stand of harnes, quhilk he borowit.
1516 in 3rd Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1872) 418/2 All the haill stand of the Mess except the Book.
1534 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 185 To ane stand of bellis for the Kingis son, xx s.
1597 Compt Buik D. Wedderburne (S.H.S.) 164 42 stand of gad iron.
1615 in Reg. Privy Seal Scotl. LXXXV. f. 124, in Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scotl. (1896) 30 56 Ane honest stand of Cleithing ȝeirlie.
1642 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 51 And trewli for the present we hau not on stand of good curtteins.
1733 Session Papers in Sc. National Dict. (1971) VIII. (at cited word) A Stand of old Shop Shuttles, fixed in the Wall of the said Shop.
1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down (at cited word) Four knitting needles are a stand.
1896 S. R. Crockett Grey Man xvi. 122 I judged he wore a stand of chain mail underneath.
1933 J. Gray Lowrie 93 Wan staand o' swara waers.
2019 @ceeller 15 Feb. in twitter.com (accessed 6 Oct. 2019) My current stand of pipes are Naills and they're lovely and well behaved. They've replaced a 2nd hand mismatched stand of Kintails.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > [noun] > that by which one measures > an authorized measuring standard
assizea1400
standard1424
gaugec1450
stint1485
stand1550
standing measure1556
Johansson1918
1550 Breadalbane Coll. Documents & Lett. No. 73 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Stand n. Ane vther firlott of the samyn stand foirsaid.
1586 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1882) IV. 475 As agreand to the awld and greitt stand mesoure of this burgh.
1662 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Peebles (1909) 52 The saids stones being first..weichted be the custome stone or tounes stand.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > equus caballus or horse > [noun] > drove or herd of
standc1560
caballada1841
cavayard1851
manada1863
c1560 A. I. Cameron Sc. Corr. Mary of Lorraine (1927) 442 Ane precept commandand the keparis of your grace hors and cartis to lend stanis for redding of the gravellis.
1711 P. H. Impartial View Two Late Parl. 256 A milk-white virgin Palfrey was chosen out of the best Stands, to mount this Undefiled Prophet on.
28. Military. A set of weapons intended for one soldier. Also: a set of colours or flags flown by a military regiment. Now historical.Sometimes with unchanged plural.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > [noun] > pair or set of weapons
a case of pistols1579
stand1702
society > armed hostility > military organization > insignia > [noun] > flag, banner, or standard > colours of regiment
colonel-ensign1577
colour1590
stand1702
1702 Post Boy 15–17 Sept. We found in this Place two Pieces of Cannon, and 1000 Stands of Arms.
1746 M. Hughes Plain Narr. Late Rebellion 14 They came riding into Edinburgh with the Stands of Cope's colours flying.
1794 Ld. Hood in Ld. Nelson Disp. & Lett. (1844) I. 401 By the first Ship..I shall have the honour of sending the several stand of colours taken at Bastia.
1800 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 84 I will write to the Military Board, and recommend that I may be permitted to issue to Purneal 1000 stand of the repairable arms.
1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 389 Long lines of waggons brought to the consuls..two hundred thousand stands of arms.
2015 Florida Hist. Q. 93 395 This fleet carried ten thousand stands of arms destined for Loyalist militias.
29. Shooting. A group or flock of certain types of game birds. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > wild or domestic birds > [noun] > game-bird > group of
stand1820
1820 R. Sainthill Let. 19 Dec. in Olla Podrida (1844) I. 288 We made our way towards Teoine, there being some large stands of plover in that direction.
1881 J. P. Mahaffy in Academy 20 Aug. 133/3 But the bird is then always solitary..and never in stands, as sportsmen call them.
1939 J. Joyce Finnegans Wake (1966) 478 The duck is rising and you'll wake that stand of plover.
30. Metallurgy. In a rolling mill: each of the sets of rollers and their fittings which successively flatten or shape the metal that passes through them.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > rolling equipment > roller or set of
roll1410
breaking-down rollers1839
planishing roller1839
plate roll1861
stand1873
bending rolls1874
1873 Bull. Amer. Iron & Steel Assoc. 12 Mar. 218/2 It contains a stand of 16 inch and a stand of 21 inch rolls, and a squeezer, driven by a 26 inch by 4 ft. horizontal engine with a 22 ton, 20 ft. fly-wheel.
1958 A. D. Merriman Dict. Metall. 338/2 A stand is usually..described as 2-high, 3-high, [etc.].. A rolling-mill may consist of a single stand or of several stands in series.
2014 J. G. Lenard Primer Flat Rolling (ed. 2) i. 5 The entry of the strip into the first stand is carefully controlled and is initiated when the temperature is deemed appropriate.
31. Oil Industry. A set of connected lengths of drill pipe (typically two to four) joined together end-to-end and forming a single long module that can be manoeuvred by automated drilling machinery.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > oil and natural gas recovery equipment > [noun] > drilling equipment > other parts of drilling equipment
Samson's post1865
stand1913
thribble1932
kelly1934
1913 B. Redwood Treat. Petroleum (ed. 3) I. v. 317 The casing with which it is desired to shut off the water must admit of being moved quite freely in the bore-hole, so that it may be raised or lowered the full length of a ‘stand’, that is, for a distance of, say, three lengths or joints.
1960 C. Gatlin Petroleum Engin. v. 52/2 Only two or three joints per stand will be pulled when using shorter derricks.
2020 M. Yamamoto et al. in Y. Bar-Cohen & K. Zacny Adv. in Terrestr. Drilling v. 116 The second way to pressurize the top of the drilling fluid column is used when the mud pump is turned off for the connection of a stand of drill pipes to the drillstring.
IV. A table or other support to stand something on.
32. † a. English regional (northern and midlands). A small table with a single central support or pedestal. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun] > small table
roundel1503
stand1582
night table1730
monopodium1807
teapoy1828
tray stand1844
nightstanda1852
guéridon1853
kettle-stand1881
tabouret1916
1582 Inventory in H. Best Rural Econ. in Yorks. (1857) App. 172 In ye halle and butterye..3 stannes.
1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 290 Stand, a small round pillar-and-claw table.
1862 C. C. Robinson Dial. Leeds & Neighbourhood 420 Stand, a small pillar-table.
b. A base or elevated surface on which something stands or by which something is supported; a base, rack, case, etc., designed to hold, support, or display a particular thing.Frequently with modifying word: see also cake stand n., hat stand n., jewel stand n., mike-stand, music stand n., tea-stand n., telescope stand n., umbrella-stand n., washstand n., wig-stand n., etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > a stand or support to raise from the ground
lathe1476
stool1481
stallagec1500
stand1587
thrall1674
stock1688
horse1703
stage1797
sub-base1865
stillage1875
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > stand > [noun]
stand1587
1587 in J. S. Moore Goods & Chattels of our Forefathers (1976) 40 In the little butterie..5 chese vates, 3 stondes and one churne £1 5s 0d.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 316/1 An Oven..having..a stay or stand on the left side of it, to rest or set any thing out of the Oven thereon.
1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. xix. 315 Twelve large high stands of rings..to place small dishes for tarts, jelleys &c., at a feast.
?1850 Butler, Wine-dealer, & Private Brewer 9 In storing wine, the casks should be placed on stands.
1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. iv. 25 There were shelves and stands of books.
1930 Sel. Gloss. Motion Picture Technician (Acad. Motion Pictures, Hollywood) 16/1 High hat, a very low camera stand.
1994 Minnesota Monthly Mar. 12/1 'Zine publishers aren't looking to fill supermarket checkout stands; most are content simply to rein in some of the power of the press for themselves.
1999 Independent 18 Aug. i. 10/6 Very little could be described as spotless. Not the paint chipped walls with their ancient Sellotape marks, the scuffed floors or the lightly rusted drip stands.
2018 Hindustan Times (Nexis) 3 July We can see her peeping out from among a row of clothes hanging from a stand.
33. A metal rod attached to a bicycle or motorcycle, used to keep it upright when not in use (see kick-stand n.).
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society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motorcycle > [noun] > parts of
carrier1911
pillion1911
stand1918
drivetrain1938
kick-stand1947
twist grip1954
sissy bar1959
peg1965
hardtail1971
tank bag1974
top box1976
cockpit1993
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > other parts of cycles
saddle1819
saddle pin1836
rest1855
pillion1878
Arab spring1880
carrier1885
coaster1895
bicycle basket1896
pacemaker1896
steering lock1897
headset1898
flapper-seat1916
stand1918
kick-stand1947
sissy bar1959
stabilizers1960
1918 Boys' Life May 33/1 (advt.) Kick up the motorcycle stand, jump on the comfortable seat and race away.
1973 ‘D. Rutherford’ Kick Start ii. 46 The big bike solved all traffic problems for me, whether I was powering to the head of a two mile traffic jam or pulling it on to its stand on a yellow line.
2013 Northern Territory (Austral.) News (Nexis) 31 Aug. 309 The safety switch kills the engine if riders try to engage a gear with the stand down.
V. Someone who or something which stands.† 34. slang. A person who acts as a lookout while someone else commits a burglary. Obsolete.† 35. A body of standing water. Obsolete. rare. [Perhaps an etymologizing alteration of stang, variant of stank n.1] † 36. English regional (East Anglian). A young tree left standing to be used for timber. Cf. standard n. 13a, stander n. 3a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > [noun] > accomplice > who keeps watch
stand1591
tout1718
touter1844
crow1862
1591 R. Greene Second Pt. Conny-catching sig. F2 The Black Arte is picking of Lockes, and to this busie trade two persons are required, the Charme and the Stand, the Charm is he that doth the feate, and the Stand is he that watcheth [cf. sig. B: The Pickelocke, is called a Charme. He that watcheth, a Stond].
1592 R. Greene Thirde Pt. Conny-catching sig. C2 A game, qd. he to his fellows, marke the stand.
1622 J. Taylor Water-cormorant D 2 b He..Liues like a Gentleman, by sleight of hand; Can play the Foist, the Nip, the Stale, the Stand.
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the world > the earth > water > body of water > still or standing water > [noun]
wetec897
wet?a1500
dead water1601
stand1612
still water1832
1612 Mr. King tr. Benvenuto Passenger i. ii. 201 Not corrupted by the fogs, nor vapours of lakes, stands, marrishes [It. laghi, stagni, e paludi], caues, durt, nor dust.
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the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > timber-tree
timber-treec1505
storer1543
standel1544
stander1548
building-tree1607
stand1630
1630 in Minutes Norwich Court of Mayoralty 1630–1 (1942) 107 [They] have confessed their great wronge done to the City in fellinge of Stands in Heathild.
1787 W. Marshall Provincialisms in Rural Econ. Norfolk II. 389 Stands, young timber-trees under six inches timber girt, or twenty-four inches in circumference.
1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 395 Stand is also a young tree, unpolled.
37. Chiefly Bee-keeping. A structure for housing a colony of bees; a bee hive.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [noun] > beehive
hivec725
beehivec1325
ruche1494
skep1494
stall1505
butt1532
pyche1570
bee-stall1572
hive-cot1582
alveary1623
bee-skepa1634
bee-house1675
staller1712
stand1740
bee-gum1817
bink1824
bee-palace1845
1740 N. Salmon Hist. & Antiq. Essex 437/1 Three Horses, twelve Beasts, ten Hogs, one hundred Sheep, one Stand of Bees.
1826 L. E. Lathrop Farmer's Libr. (ed. 2) 254 Mr. Wildman recommends fine salt as a remedy, to be placed on the bee stand, where they may eat it at pleasure.
1932 Bluefield (W. Va.) Daily Tel. 14 Aug. 3/1 R.S. Rader..lost a valuable stand of bees, honey and all Thursday night.
2013 S. Johnson & D. Johnson Beginner's Guide to Beekeeping (2019) ii. 50 Concrete blocks..used in construction can be put to good use when building your bee stand.
38. Originally U.S. A group of growing trees or other plants, esp. of a specified age, condition, species, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [noun]
woodc825
frith?826
holtOE
wildwooda1122
scogha1400
holt-woodc1400
forest1730
stand1833
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > standing crop
swath1577
standing crop1683
stand1833
swarth1880
1833 B. Silliman Man. Sugar Cane 12 Every joint sends up cane shoots, and thus contributes to a fuller stand of Cane than when the joints are farther apart.
1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 414 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV In the gullies and clayey places the stand [of wheat] was injured.
1912 R. C. Hawley & A. F. Hawes Man. Forestry Northeast. U.S. i. 8 The term ‘stand’ is the unit of description applied to any definite portion of a forest having a definite distinguishing characteristic. Thus..we may have a stand of young growth; a stand of diseased and damaged trees; a stand of exceptionally tall specimens, etc.
1975 P. Lively Going Back i. 8 Old wooden chicken-houses half-submerged in grass and cow-parsley and stands of nettles.
2013 Q. Jrnl. Forestry Oct. 254/2 Many days he was there working to transform a very ordinary wood into some fine stands, mainly of western red cedar, a favourite tree of his.
Phrases
P1.
stand of pikes n. now historical a compact group of soldiers armed with pikes; also figurative and in figurative contexts.
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society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > [noun] > compact formation
sheltronc1000
phalangea1460
phalanx1553
stand of pikes1587
society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > [noun] > using pike > group of
stand of pikes1587
1587 B. Rich Path-way Mil. Pract. sig. K.4 But ye very strength and bulwarke in the field, is the stand of pykes.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iii. 102 The seed, to shut the wastfull Sparrowes out In Haruest, hath a stand of Pikes about.
1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. vii. 208 Major General Chudleigh..himself advanced, with a good stand of Pikes, upon that Party which was led by Sr John Berkley.
1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose vi, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. IV. 145 And, comrade, you will be sure to keep your musqueteers in advance of your stand of pikes.
1821 St. Tammany's Mag. 27 Nov. 35/2 My hairs rose too, but I was not afraid; Like a stand of pikes they stood up all.
2010 C. J. Rogers in F. Tallett & D. J. B. Trim European Warfare 1350–1750 x. 215 Footmen too, unless they were also arrayed and armed in the same way, would find attacking a resolute stand of pikes as profitless as assailing a ‘a wall of bronze’.
P2. † fight of stand n. Obsolete a hand-to-hand fight; = stand-fight n. at Compounds. Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [noun] > single combat or duel
handplayeOE
deraignc1300
battlea1400
duellation1502
two-hand battlec1503
combat1567
push of pick1578
monomachy1582
combacy1586
hand fight1587
duel1589
rencounter1590
single fight1598
field meeting1603
camp-fight1605
duello1606
judicial combat1610
fight of stand?1611
stand-fight?1611
business1612
monomachia1624
single combat1625
single field1630
duelliona1637
rencontrea1722
affair of honour1737
meeting1813
holmgang1847
mensur1848
duomachy1885
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xiii. 290 Teucer..is great in fights of stand [Gk. ἐν σταδίῃ ὑσμίνῃ].
ΚΠ
1614 S. Latham Falconry i. xi. 41 You shall find it [sc. feeding the hawke as much as it wants] wil suddenly put the soundest hawke that is vnto a stand, and by this onlie meanes, surfetted and spoiled manie a hawke.
P4. U.S. Hunting. to get a stand: to drive buffalo into a single stationary group prior to killing them. Now historical and rare.
ΚΠ
1876 J. A. Allen Amer. Bisons ii. 212 in Mem. Geol. Surv. Kentucky I ii When the hunter is this successful, it is termed ‘getting a stand on the herd.’ A ‘stand’ is most surely made in nearly level ground.
1885 T. Roosevelt Hunting Trips 274 Occasionally these panic fits..make them [sc. buffalo] run together and stand still in a stupid, frightened manner... When they are made to act thus it is called in hunters' parlance getting a stand on them.
1909 E. Rye Quirt & Spur ii. 51 Buffalo getting skittish. Hard to get a stand on 'em now.
1938 J. F. Guyer Pioneer Life 25 The killing of these [buffalo] leaders first is the secret of getting a stand.
Compounds
General use as a modifier.In some cases difficult to distinguish from stand v. used as a modifier.† stand board n. Scottish Obsolete rare a board set on trestles or a similar framework to form a table.† stand cask n. Obsolete a type of cask installed in a liquor store so liquor can be drawn from it and sold in measures.† stand-fight n. Obsolete a hand-to-hand fight; cf. fight of stand n. at Phrases 2.Apparently an isolated use.† stand-hand n. Cards Obsolete (in certain versions of Napoleon (Napoleon n.2 4a)) the player who stands (stand v. 14a) by declaring an intention to win a higher number of tricks than anyone else.The stand-hand wins by taking as many tricks as he or she has bet; if not, the other players win.† stand heck n. Scottish and English regional (northern) Obsolete a rack to hold fodder for livestock; = heck n.1 3.† stand-ladder n. Obsolete rare a stepladder.† stand-rest n. Obsolete rare a type of stool which supports the user while standing almost in an upright position.† stand watch n. Obsolete a military guard of sentries.
stand bed n. now historical a bed with its based raised off the ground on bed posts with a space underneath, as distinguished from a bed that lies directly on the floor; = standing bed at standing adj. 9a.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > types of bed > [noun] > high bed
standing bed1380
stand bed1489
1489 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors (1839) 132/1 For þe wthaldin fra him of a hors & harnes..a stand bed a pot [etc.].
1658 in F. Collins Wills & Admin. Knaresborough Court Rolls (1905) II. 243 1 stand bed which I lye in.
1781 Session Papers in Sc. National Dict. (1965) VI. at Stand A stand bed; six fir tedders.
1920 J. Warrack Domest. Life in Scotl. iii. 67 Adjoining the hall is the bedchamber, where there is a large stand bed fitted with curtains.
2002 Irish Arts Rev. 28 130 There is a 17th-century bedroom with a rare Flemish stand-bed, oak chests and panelling.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun] > other tables
dormant tablec1405
set board1512
chair-table1558
oyster table1559
brushing-table1575
stand board1580
table-chair1671
reading table1749
worktable1762
centre table1775
pier table1778
loo-table1789
screen table1793
social table1793
octoped1822
claw-table1832
bench table1838
mould1842
end table1851
pedestal table1858
picnic table1866
examining table1877
silver table1897
changing table1917
rent table1919
capstan table1927
conference table1928
tricoteuse1960
Parsons1962
overflow table1973
butcher's block1976
1580 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 320 In the hall, thre stand burdis sett on brandirs with thair furmes.
stand camera n. a camera intended for use on a tripod or other stand, frequently contrasted with hand camera n.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > [noun] > general types of
box camera1828
daguerreotype1839
view camera1851
pistolgraph1859
pinhole camera1861
panoramic camera1862
pantoscopic camera1865
pistolograph1866
pantoscope1879
detective camera1881
filmograph1881
photographometera1884
photochronograph1887
snap-shooter1890
stand camera1890
tele-objective camera1891
film camera1893
magazine camera1893
panoram1893
telephoto1894
mutograph1897
tele-camera1899
telephote1903
press camera1912
reflex1922
candid camera1929
minicam1935
single-lens reflex1936
plate camera1937
magic eye1938
subminiature1947
miniature1952
all-sky camera1955
microfilmer1959
stereo-camera1959
streak camera1962
gallery camera1964
SLR1964
TLR1965
spy-camera1968
pinhole1976
multi-mode1981
digicam1989
point-and-shoot1991
1890 Evening News (Portsmouth) 6 June (5th ed.) Several forms of detective or stand cameras were shown.
1981 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 6 Sept. ii. 21/4 The return to the stand camera is certainly a conservative move, and it has led some photographers..to produce color photographs..that teeter on the brink of the popular.
2003 F. Shaw Sweetest Thing 119 ‘It's a stand camera’, my father said. ‘It needs its tripod’.
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the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > [noun] > large for liquor > for spirits
greybeard1751
stand cask1803
tub1835
greyhead1892
1803 Gazette of U.S. (Philadelphia) 18 Aug. (advt.) A Stock of Groceries, consisting of Madeira, Sherry and Malaga wine..large & small scales and weights, pump, crane, stand casks, &c.
1921 Daily Mail 1 Mar. 1/3 Oak whisky stand cask with plated lock tap.
standcock n. now historical a vertical pipe connected to a water supply, equipped with a tap or nozzle; = standpipe n. 2.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube > pipe > for water > apparatus for drawing water from mains
standardc1475
pant1586
standcock1745
standpipe1763
fire main1826
hydrant1828
fire hydrant1838
1745 Daily Gazetteer 17 July The Engineer of St. Giles's had the Stand-Cock, which supply'd the Engines..Water.
1844 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 7 86/1 The first experiment took place..by having lengths of..hose..attached to 6 standcocks, placed into plugs.
1949 Times Lit. Suppl. 22 July 470/4 The coming of piped water and the village standcock where formerly there had been only the well and bucket.
2012 C. Shenton Day Parl. burned Down ix. 141 One standcock and hook (this could be pushed directly into a street-plug with a hose on the other end to throw a jet of cooling water on ruins).
stand collar n. (on a garment) a collar designed to stand upright rather than being folded down.
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1853 Manch. Guardian 26 Nov. 4/5 (advt.) In every style, including..single breasted stand collar.
1960 C. W. Cunnington et al. Dict. Eng. Costume 134/1 Masher collar, 1880's and 1890's... A very high all-round stand collar, worn by ‘Mashers’.
2003 Weekly Times (Austral.) (Nexis) 5 Apr. 36 The 100 per cent cotton oilskin has a polyester sherpa and quilted lining. It features a storm flap with zip and snap closure, stand collar with corduroy lining and a scoop tail.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [noun] > single combat or duel
handplayeOE
deraignc1300
battlea1400
duellation1502
two-hand battlec1503
combat1567
push of pick1578
monomachy1582
combacy1586
hand fight1587
duel1589
rencounter1590
single fight1598
field meeting1603
camp-fight1605
duello1606
judicial combat1610
fight of stand?1611
stand-fight?1611
business1612
monomachia1624
single combat1625
single field1630
duelliona1637
rencontrea1722
affair of honour1737
meeting1813
holmgang1847
mensur1848
duomachy1885
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads iii. 258 Castor, the skilfull knight on horse, and Pollux, vncontrold For all stand fights, and force of hand.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [noun] > nap, etc. > player
stand-hand1884
nappist1894
1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 229/1 If the stand-hand succeeds in making at least the number of tricks he stood for he wins.
1886 Field 13 Mar. 313 If the stand hand loses, the revoker does not receive anything.
1912 Funk & Wagnalls Standard Encycl. XVIII. 100/1 The stand-hand leads; the card he first leads makes the trump suit.
stand hawk n. English regional (Yorkshire) the kestrel, Falco tinnunculus. [So called from its habit of hovering in the air before swooping down on its prey.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > family Falconidae > genus Falco (falcon) > falco tinnunculus (kestrel)
stanielc825
kestrel14..
stanchel?a1513
mollec1535
windfucker1599
stonegall1602
fleingall1608
fuckwind1611
scamela1616
furze-kite1635
wind-vanner1668
windhover1674
keelie1808
standgale1840
fanner1875
stand hawk1878
1878 Zoologist 2 429 (table) The following local names of birds are in currency in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and have all come under my own personal observation:—Kestrel. Stand-hawk. Sparrow-hawk. Blue-hawk [etc.]
1998 J. Addison Treasury of Bird Lore 52 Kestrel. (Falco tinnunculus)... The bird has managed to collect a variety of local names.., including many that not only reflect its amazing ability to hover, but also the bloodthirsty business of hunting. They include the descriptive windhover,..wind fanner, stand hawk,..and blood hawk.
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the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [noun] > fodder rack
cribOE
hatchlOE
cratch?c1225
rack1343
mangerc1350
heckc1420
hake1551
stand heck1570
hack1612
meat rack1744
hay-rack1825
1570 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 229 One stand hecke.
1620 G. Markham Farwell to Husbandry ii. 13 The soyle of yong Cattell made in the Winter time by feeding at stand Heakes.
1774 Scots Farmer 2 371 Whatever straw is..thrown by the stand hecks..being once mixed with the soil, or trod under foot, becomes uneatable.
1855 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. II. (Gloss.) 726/1 Stand-heck (Yorks.), a rack for straw in a farm-yard.
1900 Yorks. Herald 31 Mar. 1/2 (advt.) Two saws, two tumbrils, stand heck, two lamps.
standholder n. a dealer or merchant who operates a stand or stall at a market, exchange, etc.; a stallholder.
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1824 Sussex Advertiser 12 Jan. The Standholders beg to return their most grateful thanks to the Nobility, Gentry, Inhabitants, and Visitors of Brighton... The Bazaar will be continued open as a Permanent Mart.
1887 Daily News 29 June 2/7 The London Grocery and Provision Exchange... There are already 140 standholders.
2021 LNP (Lancaster, Pa.) (Nexis) 28 June Today's Central Market boasts over 60 standholders with goods ranging from fresh produce and local coffee, to booze and spices, to fresh-picked flowers.
stand house n. now historical the grandstand of a racecourse, along with the buildings attached to it.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > racecourse > [noun] > areas for spectators
race stand1788
cords1791
stand house1795
tribune1865
1795 Irish Racing Cal. 5 sig. a3v A sale by auction, Of blood horses..will commence every week..at the Stand House.
1859 C. J. Lever Davenport Dunn xii. 107 You must be declared winner at the stand-house before you have been seen on the ground.
1902 Daily Chron. 29 Apr. 7/1 Charles II..built a stand house, or what we should now call a grand stand [at Newmarket].
2006 Dublin Hist. Rec. 59 67 A ‘Citizens' Stand’ to hold 1,000 persons was built to augment the existing Stand House accommodation for 2,500.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > ladder > [noun] > step-ladder
pairc1450
steps1693
stand-ladder1712
stepladder1751
library stepsc1762
high step1776
trap-ladder1855
1712 J. Mortimer Art of Husbandry: Pt. II 231 If they [sc. binds] forsake the Poles, a Stand-Ladder is very useful in tying them up again.
stand-mounted adj. that is supported by or displayed on a stand (sense 32b).
ΚΠ
1900 Morning Oregonian (Portland) 21 Dec. 12/2 (advt.) Three bargains in Stand Mounted Albums.
1961 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 61 30/1 (advt.) This stand-mounted unit is easily set up, and entirely automatic.
2006 Hi Life Issue 5. 21 You can add a matching centre channel, two stand-mounted rear channels and a subwoofer.
stand pie n. English regional (Yorkshire) a large pork pie made in such a way that the pastry crust stays upright unsupported before and during cooking, without using a mould, pie dish, or other container.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > pie > [noun] > meat-pie
rafiolea1425
shred-pie1573
Florentine1579
marrowbone pie1595
marrow pie1598
meat pie1607
mutton pie1607
olive pie1615
venison piea1616
flesh-pie1616
veal (and ham) piea1625
godiveau1653
lumber-pie1656
mermaid pie1661
umble-pie1663
humble piea1665
trotter-pie1693
stump pie1695
mugget pie1696
pot-pie1702
squab-pie1708
pork pie1723
steak pie1723
Perigord pie1751
pasticcio1772
fidget pie1790
muggety pie1800
numble pie1822
Florentine pie1823
pastilla1834
kidney-pie1836
beef-steak pie1841
stand pie1872
Melton Mowbray1875
timbale1880
pâté en croûte1929
tourtière1953
growler1989
1872 York Herald 6 Jan. 10/2 Two Stilton cheeses, two legs of mutton, loin of pork, one stand pie, [etc.].
1940 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 19 May 4/1 An old-time Yorkshire farmhouse kitchen at the time when the great white pigs are being transformed into stand pies of noble proportions.
1972 ‘S. Woods’ They love not Poison vi. 87 Mrs. Dibb had combined tea and supper into one high tea, an enormous meal, at which one of her own stand pies was the pièce de résistance.
2007 Yorks. Post (Nexis) 15 June The bigger version, the stand pie, was an essential part of Christmas, complete with home-made piccalilli.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > stool > [noun] > high
high stool1576
stool1836
stand-rest1877
1877 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 31 Mar. 387/2 A judiciously constructed stand-rest..is likely to prove comfortable, and to afford a healthy change from either the standing or sitting positions.
stand-side n. and adj. (a) n. the side nearest to a stand (see sense 19a) in a stadium, racecourse, etc.; (b) adj. of, relating to, or happening near the side of a stadium, racecourse, etc., closest to a stand (see sense 19a); adjacent or positioned next to a stand of this type.
ΚΠ
1897 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 17 Nov. 7/3 Froken in the centre made play from Nellie B, with Elinora and Moon Wave on the rails, and Zermatt and Waterperry on the Standside.
1936 Times 4 June 5/1 She ran only fairly well, and two furlongs from home was on the stand-side rails, although she had been drawn No. 7.
1999 Odds On Feb. 18/2 The runners that crossed to the far side dominated the finish, and Dande Flyer come home in seventh from his low draw on the stand side.
2018 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 3 Dec. 3 He also had the ball in the net 12 minutes from time but this time the standside linesman got his offside call spot on.
stands side n. and adj. (a) n. the side nearest to the stands (see sense 19a) at a racecourse; (b) adj. of, relating to, or happening by or near the side of a racecourse, that is closest to the stands (see sense 19a); adjacent or positioned next to stands of this type.
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1953 Times 12 Sept. 6/4 To reduce the width of the course,..new running rails are placed about 20ft. from the stands side.
1974 Daily Mail 14 Sept. 28/2 She was blinkered for the first time and assisted by a stands-side draw.
2000 Sunday Times 23 July (Sports section) 21/7 The filly, trained by William Haggas, was drawn on the favoured stands side in stall 18.
2017 Racing Post (Nexis) 28 June 6 He led home the stands-side group but failed by half a length and a neck to overhaul Out Do and Steady Pace, who raced down the far side.
stand stairs n. a flight of stairs used for entering and exiting a stand for spectators.
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1774 A. Thursby Let. 3 Oct. in J. Cradock & J. B. Nichols Lit. & Misc. Mem. (1828) IV. 263 He made no answer; but put his hat over his eyes, and made but one step from the top to the bottom of the Stand-stairs.
1851 R. S. Surtees Soapey Sponge's Sporting Tour lxxi, in New Monthly Mag. Apr. 491 He swung down the stand-stairs, rushed to his horse, and..struck across the country.
2015 Sunderland Echo (Nexis) 5 Dec. During Tuesday's session, all running will be done within the stadium's vicinity with the stand stairs set to feature frequently.
stand table n. U.S. regional a small table; cf. sense 32a.
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1853 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Daily Sentinel 15 Feb. 3 Mahogany Card Tables,..4 mahogany Stand Tables.
1950 J. Stuart Hie to Hunters 21 There was one big bed in the room, a homemade stand table and an unpainted dresser with a broken mirror.
2000 W. Berry Jayber Crow 36 Aunt Cordie's chair in the living room, her little stand table, her Bible lying on the table by the good Aladdin lamp.
stand ticket n. chiefly British and Irish English a ticket for admission to a stand for spectators.
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1802 Exeter Flying-post 8 July Ladies and Gentlemen's Stand Tickets, to be had of the Clerk of the Course.
1874 J. A. Thomson 80 Years Reminisc. (1904) II. iv. 105 As to the stand at Ascot..you can have the satisfaction of giving me a stand-ticket.
2021 Derby Tel. (Nexis) 19 Apr. (Sport section) 36 The Derby players were furious that their wives had been given cheaper stand tickets than those allocated to directors' wives.
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society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > for guard duty
guarda1513
counterguard1523
stand watch1525
presidy1529
body of guard1579
court of guarda1592
perdu1622
sentry1705
field-watch1797
watch-post1852
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. cixxi. f. cvvv/2 He made gret brute and ranne bayeng fyrst to the stande watch.
1579 L. Digges & T. Digges Stratioticos 100 It were requisite that a stande watch be maintayned within and about the Ordinance.
1591 G. Clayton Approoued Order Martiall Discipline i. 41 With your stand watch in the midst.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).
standn.2
/stand/, U.S. /stænd/ 1. A tub, barrel, cask, or other vessel that stands upright and is typically used for storing food or drink. Now U.S. regional (southern and south Midland) and Scottish (rare). Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Perthshire in 1971.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > tub > [noun]
mealeOE
standa1275
collockc1310
kimnel1335
tub1392
kit14..
kiver1407
cowpe1483
trendle1493
boyne1532
bowie1538
runge1574
standfat1593
turnel1688
the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > cider-making > [noun] > vessel for settling
stand1664
a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 48 Wer is þi breit & ale, tunnen & þine stonden [c1275 Calig. stonde]?
?a1425 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Claud.) (1850) Jer. lii. 19 Stoondis [a1425 Royal Thei token also watir pottis..and candilstikis, and morters, and litle cuppis; E.V. a1382 Douce 369(1) stenes; L. hydrias].
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 1051 Or make an hyue of boordis lyk a stonde [L. more cuparum].
?a1500 in 5th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Pt. 1 (1876) App. 445 in Parl. Papers (C. 1432) XL. 1 Two stondys full of ale each of them conteyning 13 galons.
1559 in J. Nichols Progresses Queen Elizabeth (1823) I. 71 Item, for a stande of small ale 2s. od.
1581–2 Inventory in H. Best Rural Econ. in Yorks. (1857) 172 One gialfatte, 3 stannes 3s.
1664 S. Taylor in J. Evelyn Pomona in Sylva 49 Let your Vessels be very tight and clean wherein you put your Cider to settle: The best form is the Stund or Stand, which is set upon the lesser end, from the top tapering downwards.
1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 395 All his war store of provisions consisted in three stands of barbicued venison.
1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 290 Stand, a large barrel set on end under a spout for the purpose of receiving rain-water.
1987 M. A. McLaurin Separate Pasts 163 ‘Reach in there and slide that lard stand over,’ Daddy said, and Jimbo did. I moved up to the tailgate and helped Jimbo lift the stand to the ground.
2019 @mostlymartha 14 Nov. in twitter.com (accessed 30 June 2021) Every time they would visit.., they would give her a ‘stand of lard’ that she had no idea what to do with.
a. A unit of weight used for pitch, varying according to locality but typically equivalent to between two and three hundredweight, or 224 to 336 pounds (approx. 102 to 152 kg). Obsolete.
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the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > units for other specific commodities
mount1532
pint1599
stand1675
stand1729
mark1731
draught1859
tex1953
1675 Act Tonnage & Poundage Table Tares & Allowances 269 Pitch, called Burgundy Pitch in Stands, about two hundred and three quarters, 56 pound.
1701 E. Hatton Merchant's Mag. xiv. 234/1 (gloss.) Stand, (of Burgundy Pitch) 2½ C. to 3 C. weight.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Stond,..a weight for pitch of 2½ to 3 cwt.
1875 Pharmacist 8 88 (table) Burgundy Pitch... stand... 1¼ cwt.
b. A unit of weight used for coal, typically equivalent to five and a quarter hundredweight, or 588 pounds (approx. 267 kg). Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1729 ‘M. B.’ Let. in Dublin Weekly Jrnl. 9 Aug. 110/2 The common Rate of this Kilkenny Coal at the Pits, is 16 Pence the Stand, the Stand is five hundred one quarter Weight.
Compounds
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > tub > [noun]
mealeOE
standa1275
collockc1310
kimnel1335
tub1392
kit14..
kiver1407
cowpe1483
trendle1493
boyne1532
bowie1538
runge1574
standfat1593
turnel1688
1593 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 229 In the new house. One leade, ij standfattes, j troughe.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).
standv.
/stand/, U.S. /stænd//stʊd/, U.S. /stʊd/;α. Old English standan, early Middle English stanndenn ( Ormulum), Middle English standd, Middle English stannd, Middle English stanst (2nd singular indicative), Middle English stant, Middle English staunde, Middle English stende (perhaps transmission error), Middle English (northern) 1800s– (regional and nonstandard) stan, Middle English–1600s stande, Middle English– stand, 1500s stannde, 1500s styndd- (London, inflected form), 1500s–1600s standd- (inflected form), 1500s–1600s standen (infinitive and plural indicative, archaic), 1600s staund (English regional (southern)), 1800s shtand (Irish English), 1800s– stan' (regional and nonstandard), 1900s 'tan' (U.S. regional (in African-American usage)), 1900s– stann (English regional (Devon)); Scottish pre-1700 standd- (inflected form), pre-1700 stande, pre-1700 stant, pre-1700 staynd, pre-1700 stend, pre-1700 1700s– stand, pre-1700 1800s stan- (inflected form), pre-1700 1800s–1900s stann- (inflected form), 1700s stinn- (inflected form), 1700s– stan, 1700s– stan', 1700s– staun, 1800s stann', 1800s stannd, 1800s stawn' (Orkney), 1800s– staan (north-eastern), 1800s– staand (Shetland), 1800s– staun', 1800s– staund, 1900s staan (Orkney, present participle); also Irish English (northern) 1900s– staun. OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xx. 6 He..funde oþre standende.lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. xxxvi. 340 Her ic wille nu standan fæste.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2785 He maȝȝ stanndenn wel onn ȝæn. Þe deofell wiþþ swillc wæpenn.a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 474 Hopeð he sal him don ut [perhaps read up] standen.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 23043 Þe formast rau sal stan him nere.c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 389 He contynued iij yere in his prayers, and all-way standdand.?a1535 To City of London (Vitellius) in J. Small Poems W. Dunbar (1893) II. 276 Imperiall as thou stant [rhyme Troynouaunt].1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 44v Stande thou on thy pantuffles, and shee will vayle bonnet.1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. G3v What things decay and cannot standen sure.1773 R. Fergusson Poems 110 Ye wha canna staun sae sicker.1889 J. W. Fitzmaurice Shanty Boy xvii. 131 ‘I can't stan this,’ siz Joe Dusenberry, a big feller from Maine.1966 ‘L. Lane’ ABZ of Scouse 49 I jes' can't stan' that feller.2006 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 10 Nov. 19 A gey guidgoin' Scots wind had his hair..positively staun'in' on end.
β. Old English stondan, Middle English stode (transmission error), Middle English ston, Middle English stone, Middle English stonnd (in a late copy), Middle English stonnde, Middle English stonst (2nd singular indicative), Middle English stonte, Middle English stoond, Middle English stoonde, Middle English stound, Middle English stounde, Middle English (1800s English regional (Lancashire)) ston, Middle English–1500s stonde, Middle English–1600s (1800s English regional (northern and midlands) stond, late Middle English stonn- (inflected form), 1800s sthoane (Irish English (Wexford)), 1800s stoane (Irish English (Wexford)); Scottish pre-1700 stond, pre-1700 stonde, pre-1700 stundis (plural indicative). In the Middle English forms stound, stounde occasionally difficult to distinguish from stound v.1 1.eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) xvii. 36 (39) Nec potuerunt stare : ne hie magun stondan.eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iv. iv. 274 Þa stondendan munecas þær.c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 168 We rædeð on bocum þæt þissere weorlde tide stondæþ on six ylde.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 29 Segge stondinde þe salm.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2782 Ðu stondes seli stede up-on.a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Gen. xxi. 29 The which thow hast maad stoond [a1425 L.V. stonde] asyde.1469 in E. Hobhouse Church-wardens' Accts. (1890) 105 Received of a chapman to ston in the porche, ob.a1475 Revelations St. Birgitta (Garrett) (1929) 10 As a knyght..in a battell..hopeth to hafe help of hys lorde..soo stounde þu sourely and fyght.1543 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 261 Others..dyd refuse to stond to part of the covenauntes.1646 H. More Democritus Platonissans 14 A peck of peasen rudely poured out..To sight do in as seemly order stond.1887 J. Croston Enoch Crump's Ghost Story 15 Had got that crampled i' th' legs wi' crewdlin' doun he could hardly stond.
b. Also 3rd singular indicative. Old English–early Middle English (south-west midlands) stænt, Old English–early Middle English stynt, Old English–Middle English stent, Old English–Middle English stond, Old English (chiefly late)–1500s stant, early Middle English stannt ( Ormulum), early Middle English stend (south-west midlands and south-western), early Middle English steond (south-western), early Middle English stond (south-west midlands and south-western), early Middle English stunt (south-west midlands), Middle English staant, Middle English stand, Middle English stande, Middle English standt, Middle English stante, Middle English staunt, Middle English stonde, Middle English stont, Middle English stonte, 1500s standth. eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xxviii. 515 Sio unsælð stent on yfelra monna geearnunga.OE Metrical Charm: Nine Herbs (Harl. 585) 15 Stond heo wið attre.a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 175 He..ne stont neure on one stede.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7796 Al þis lond stunt [c1300 Otho stond] a Vortigernes hond. ▸ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Num. v. 18 Whenne þe womman staunt [a1382 Douce 370 stonte, c1400 Lamb. 25 stonde, a1425 Corpus Oxf. stondith] in þe siȝt of þe lord.?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 88 In the place where now stante the capytole of rome.?1567 M. Parker Whole Psalter xlv. 132 As mete it stant. 2. Past tense. a. Strong. Old English–1600s stod, early Middle English stoit (south-west midlands), early Middle English stot (south-west midlands and south-western), early Middle English stoð (in a copy of an Old English charter, transmission error), Middle English stodde, Middle English stoed, Middle English stoid, Middle English stoyd, Middle English stud (chiefly northern), Middle English stude (chiefly northern), Middle English–1500s stoud, Middle English–1500s stoude, Middle English–1600s stode, Middle English–1600s stoode, Middle English– stood, 1500s stoade, 1500s stooden (plural, archaic), 1600s stowed (see note); English regional (chiefly northern) 1700s–1900s stud, 1800s stayhd, 1800s steaad, 1800s steead, 1800s steud, 1800s steudd, 1800s steude, 1800s stoode, 1800s stude; Scottish pre-1700 stad, pre-1700 stode, pre-1700 stoode, pre-1700 stooid, pre-1700 stoud, pre-1700 studd, pre-1700 stuide, pre-1700 stute, pre-1700 stuyd, pre-1700 stwd, pre-1700 stwde, pre-1700 stwid, pre-1700 stwide, pre-1700 1700s– stood, pre-1700 1700s– stude, pre-1700 1700s– stuid, pre-1700 1800s (Shetland)– stod, pre-1700 1800s– stud, pre-1700 1900s– steid (north-eastern), 1800s– steed (northern and north-eastern), 1800s– steud (Orkney), 1900s– stöd (Shetland), 1900s– stuud (Shetland); also Irish English 1800s– stud (northern), 1900s sted. In form stowed (see quot. 1633 at sense 41b) apparently influenced by stow v.1OE Guthlac A 724 Gearwe stodun hæftas hearsume, þa þæs halgan word lyt oferleordun.OE Beowulf (2008) 328 Garas stodon.OE Beowulf (2008) 1570 Leoht inne stod.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3340 Þatt enngell comm. & stod hemm bi.c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 927 As ha stoden ant seten þer abuten.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 432 Wið dead him stood hinke and age.a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 2160 Hurre modur stodde stylle.1557 in Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Var. Coll. (1907) IV. 223 The said writynges obligatorie wher in they stoude bounden.1611 W. Mure Misc. Poems ii. 11 I stuid astonisch'd.a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 482 The day he stude his country's friend.1875 E. Tweddell Rhymes Cleveland Dial. 14 There he steead dadderin'.1956 C. M. Costie Benjie's Bodle 94 There steud Peggy in as proper a pirr as iver I saa her in.1995 P. J. Ritch Mother Wave (rev. ed.) 19 Wi da brack dat stuid across 'im—Wid dey risk tae laund avaa?2020 @OprahKosuowei 26 Jan. in twitter.com (accessed 27 Jan. 2020) I was speechless and tears stood in my eyes. b. Weak. late Middle English standyd, late Middle English stondid, late Middle English 1600s standed, 1800s stan't (Scottish). a1425 in Anglia (1974) 92 66 In wele and wo loue stondid fast.1605 J. Fraser Lerned Epist. 41 But I vnderstand well how the matter standed.a1662 E. Burrough Memorable Wks. (1672) 303 I rejoyce the rather in being a stumbling to thee, in that state wherein thou standed.?1800 in R. Burns Merry Muses Caledonia 76 An' how they stan't themlane.1897 J. Mackinnon Braefoot Sketches 73 He wis as gweed-a-fearin' (God-fearing) man as iver stan't ahin a ploo. 3. Past participle. a. Strong.α. Old English gestanden, Old English gestonden, Old English–1500s standen, Old English–1500s stonden, Middle English istonden, Middle English standene, Middle English standin, Middle English standyn, Middle English standyne, Middle English stondin, Middle English stondun, Middle English stoonden, Middle English–1500s stondyn; Scottish pre-1700 standen, pre-1700 standin, pre-1700 standing, pre-1700 standyn, pre-1700 standyne, pre-1700 stonden. OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) i. 30 Wyl on wætere & wring þæt wos, & siþþan hyt gestanden beo do hit eft wearm & þurh wulle drype on þæt eare.lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 1070 In þære cyrce, þet ær hæfde standen fulle seofeniht forutan ælces cynnes riht.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14275 Wite mine Bruttes..and hald heom alle þa laȝen þa habbeoð i-stonden a mine daȝen.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9193 Þe tune o niniue..þat standen [Fairf. stondyn, Trin. Cambr. stonden] had..Fourten hundret yeir.c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 250 I haue stonden in ful greet degree.?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns i. ii. 3 Whan it hath well rested & stondyn.
β. Middle English istond, Middle English istonde, Middle English istounde, Middle English stonnd (in a late copy), Middle English stounde, Middle English ystond, Middle English ystonde, Middle English–1500s stand, Middle English–1500s stande, Middle English–1500s stond, Middle English–1500s stonde; Scottish pre-1700 stande, pre-1700 stond, pre-1700 1700s stand, 1800s staun (Orkney), 1800s stawn (Orkney). a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 47 Þa he hefede þer ane hwile istonde.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9221 Þair kingrik translate þat had four hundret yeir stand And fifte.c1450 ( G. Chaucer Bk. Duchess (Fairf. 16) (1871) l. 975 Thogh they had stonde in a Rowe.1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 184v The Waxe wyl be very white after it hath stand in the Sunne.c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 313 To tak doun the portrait of our blissid virgyn Marie..that had stand since the vpputting thairof.1718 in Old-lore Misc. (1913) VI. i. 31 Having stand the tryall of a lyble raised agains him.1880 W. T. Dennison in Peace's Orkney & Shetland Almanac 1881 123/2 They wur a eel-cog an' twa bottles o' eel staun on de lower end o' the teeble.
γ. Middle English stoden, late Middle English stouden; English regional (northern and north midlands) 1700s–1900s stidden, 1800s steeaden, 1800s studden, 1800s– stooden; Scottish pre-1700 stoodin, pre-1700 studin, pre-1700 studine, pre-1700 1700s–1800s stooden, 1800s–1900s studden, 1800s–1900s studen, 1800s– stuiden. ▸ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms cv. 23 He seide, that he shulde destroȝe them; but Moises, his chosen, hadde stoden [a1382 Bodl. 959 stonden] in the to-breking in his siȝt.1433 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. July 1433 §42. m. 5 Suche poeple..mowe not of reason be undirstouden worthi of trouth.] 1606–7 in G. Lorimer Early Days St. Cuthbert's Church (1915) 34 This stone wes set at the heid of the said buriall place quhair the same hes studin sensyne.1702 C. B. Gunn Linton Church (1912) 82 Some had not stooden from the very house tops to lay things to their charge.1898 R. Blakeborough Wit N. Riding Yorks. 454 Ah've stooden Bedale market ivver sen Ah wur a larl nipper.1923 G. Rae Lowland Hills 50 In cauld back-ends I've studden there.2002 D. Purves Pompitie Finnds Needle (SCOTS) x Ah dinna think you coud hae stuiden it!
δ. late Middle English stoud, late Middle English stoude, 1500s–1600s stod, 1500s–1600s stode, 1500s–1600s stoode, 1500s– stood; English regional 1800s steead (Yorkshire), 1800s stud (south-eastern); Scottish pre-1700 stode, pre-1700 stud, pre-1700 1700s– stood, 1700s–1800s stuid, 1800s stude, 1900s– steid (north-eastern). 1433 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. July 1433 §39. m. 7 That alle þe saide assignementz..be as effectuell..as they shuld have bee in the seide port of Melcombe, if it hadde stoude still a port.1437 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1437 §37. m. 2 The said wolles..have lang tyme stoude there in grete jupardie, and hevy charge to þe said merchantz.1579 J. Field tr. J. Calvin Serm. i. 6 This article is much stoode vpon.1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue f. 16v Is ech circumstance to be sifted and stode in?1618 W. Lawson New Orchard & Garden iii. 7 I haue stood somewhat long in this point.1797 R. Buchanan Poems 286 The stours thou hast for freedom stuid.1816 W. Scott Old Mortality x. 243 in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 243 He wadna hae stude twice about it.1976 S. Naipaul Adventures Gurudeva 189 The fellows at the rumshop had stood one another drinks.2014 Daily Tel. 27 June 24/3 Through the race-baiting and the biting, football has stood by him.
b. Weak.α. late Middle English standid, late Middle English standide, late Middle English standyd, late Middle English stonded, late Middle English–1600s standed; Scottish pre-1700 standit, 1700s 1900s– standed, 1800s– stan't (north-eastern). In Middle English only in prefixed forms. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records the form stan't as still in use in north-eastern Scotland in 1971.a1425 ( H. Daniel Liber Uricrisiarum (Wellcome 225) 418 Paraventour þe blod is constrenyd & lettyd & withstandyd & sa foundys to turn agayn to hys well, id est to þe lyvere.c1450 (c1400) Julian of Norwich Revelations Divine Love: Shorter Version (1978) 67 Þat es as I hafe vndyrstandide be the techynge of haly kyrke.] a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. Clxxviii Hath standed & stedfastly perseuered therin.1596 in R. Renwick Abstr. Protocols Town Clerks Glasgow (1899) VIII. Pref. p. xv Gif free will and electioun had nocht bene in thair power it could nocht haif standit with the justice of God to pwnische thame.1659 H. Newcome Sinners Hope 124 Thou art standed in thy former course.1747 R. Forbes Lyon in Mourning (1895) II. 214 After they had standed about 2 or 3 hours under arms.1876 R. Dinnie Songs & Poems 105 For weary days an' nichts I've stan't fu' mute.1956 Southern Reporter 4 Oct. 5 Completely standed among muff and coarse wool.
β. English regional (Devon and Dorset) 1800s a-stooded, 1800s stoodid, 1900s stooded. With the form a-stooded compare a- prefix2 2.1859 W. Barnes Hwomely Rhymes 17 Well, there, the vu'st lwoad we've a-hal'd to dae Is here a-stoodèd in theäse bed o' clae.1871 G. P. R. Pulman Rustic Sketches (ed. 3) 144 Th' waggin was stoodid in th' clay rucks.1907 Somerset & Dorset Notes & Queries 10 306 I once heard an old farmer say.., speaking of the bad roads in Dorset, that ‘One was either stooded in the mud in winter or smitched in the dust in summer.’
I. Senses relating to a person's or animal's standing position.
1.
a. intransitive. To have or maintain an upright position with the weight of the body supported by the feet, as opposed (implicitly or explicitly) to other positions such as those denoted by sit, lie, kneel, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise or be standing [verb (intransitive)]
standOE
to get on (also upon) one's legs1578
raise1884
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise or be standing [verb (intransitive)] > be standing
i-standOE
standOE
sustainc1425
OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) vii. 31 Þæt sy æghwær, ge on weorce, ge on gebedhuse,..and swa hwær swa he sy sittende, standende, oðþe gangende [L. sedens uel ambulans uel stans].
OE Ælfric Homily (Trin. Cambr. B.15.34) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1967) I. 346 Ealle his lima he hæfde..; on his fotum he stod, and þa næron butan sceancan.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 29 Segge stondinde þe salm.
c1450 (c1415) in W. O. Ross Middle Eng. Serm. (1940) 104 (MED) What stondiþ þou here, þou wicked beeste?
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 141 The shepheard..must be well ware in the driuing of them,..that they neyther lye, nor sitte: for yf they goe not forwarde, they must stand.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. ii. 40 Kneele, and repeate it, I will stand, and so shall Trinculo. View more context for this quotation
1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxxi. 199 There I stood, my Heart up at my Mouth.
1830 Forrester II. 111 Sit down, Ellen..see, you are keeping Lord Borrodale and Mr. Beamish standing.
1936 M. Herron Seed & Stubble 32 Mrs Riley stood where he had left her, gazing unseeingly at the rain.
2019 T. K. Madden Long live Tribe Fatherless Girls 33 I hear Lee click open the front door for her friend Paula. We stand at the top of the stairs to say Hello.
b. intransitive. Of the feet: to support the body in a standing position.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise or be standing [verb (intransitive)] > of feet
standOE
OE St. Mary of Egypt (Julius) (2002) 106 Zosimus þa hine soðlice forð astrehte on þa floras cyssende on þæt hire fet stodon [L. in quo eius uestigia steterant].
a1275 Body & Soul (Trin. Cambr. B.14.39) l. 103 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 138 He set uuar is fet stoden and is hunden blodie.
a1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (St. John's Cambr. E. 2) (1872) ii. §42 a. 57 Whan þou seest þe top of þe tour, sett a prikke þere-as þi foot stont.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cxxi. 2 Oure fete shal stonde in thy gates, O Jerusalem.
1628 Heavens Glory 142 It seeme to vs as a thing intollerable to haue onely some part of our feet standing vpon a pan of burning coales.
1851 S. W. Cole Amer. Vet 70 The hinder quarters should spread to a wider extent than the fore parts, and the hind feet stand further asunder than those before.
2010 I. B. Wells Women of Summer xv. 92 Her bare feet stood on the wet floor.
c. intransitive. With prepositional phrase as complement. To stand (sense 1a) in water, mud, etc., which reaches to a specified part of the body.
ΚΠ
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) x. 83 Þes foresæda halga wer wæs gewunod þæt he wolde..standan on ðam sealtan brymme oð his swyran, syngende his gebedu.
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 5195 In blod he stode..Of hors and man into þe anclowe.
c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 113 Sum stod vp to þe kne, And sum to þe armes a lytil laȝghere, And sum to þe lippis moche deppere.
1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons Ded. 10 b Where their souldiors in their watches and centinels stoode to the mid legges in dirt and myre.
1699 D. Jones Compl. Hist. Europe 1676–99 (ed. 2) 504 The Turks Approaches were very much endamaged, and the Janisaries so discouraged, by standing up to the middle of the Leg in Water, and for want of Victuals, that they refused to work any more.
1894 National Stockman & Farmer 19 Apr. 4/1 The corn was swimming and the hogs standing in mud up to their bellies.
1917 Park Mus. Bull. (Roger Williams Park Mus.) Mar. 57 We stood in snow above our ankles.
2008 S. King Duma Key 285 She stood up to her knees in the water.
d. intransitive. In various phrases referring figuratively to a person's standing position.Many of these phrases are treated more fully elsewhere; see e.g. to stand on one's own two feet, to stand head and shoulders above, not to have a leg to stand on, to stand in a person's light, to stand in the way of (a person or thing) (literal in quot. c1330).
ΚΠ
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 9271 Al þat in his way stode He biheueded hem and lete hem blode.]
1532 (?a1405) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 413 The whiche twayne aye stondeth in my wey Malyciously.
a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 5v [They] stand by other mens feete, and not by their own.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. p. lxvi Upon what Foot I stand with the present chief reigning Wits.
1767 C. Bedingfield Let. 11 Aug. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) 404 I would rather chuse to stand in his Sardinian Majesty's shoes than his; who [etc.].
1831 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel (new ed.) I. Introd. p. xvi The footing on which the bullies and thieves of the Sanctuary stood with their neighbours.
1893 Law Jrnl. 4 Feb. 88/1 Courts of equity would not grant relief to under lessees unless they consented to stand in the shoes of the original lessees.
1951 Bunker Hill School of Aeronaut., Inc.: Hearings before Subcomm. of Comm. Expenditures in Exec. Dept. (U.S. House of Representatives, 82nd Congr., 1st Sess.) 577 I said it was a very unsafe corporation to deal with... That was the foot that I stood on, and I still stand on the same foot.
1994 Guardian 10 Aug. ii. 2/2 The self-appointed guardians of public freedom stand shoulder to shoulder with the food manufacturers.
2011 Jrnl. Law & Econ. 54 374 Economic freedom simply does not stand on the same footing as freedom of speech.
e. intransitive. With adjectival phrase or noun phrase as complement. To be of a specified height when in a standing position.Cf. earlier quot. 1657 at sense 16a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily height > [verb (intransitive)]
to be more, lower by the shouldersa1300
stand1797
to stand (a specified height) in one's stockings1853
1797 Sporting Mag. Mar. 314/1 Perrins was an uncommonly stout made man, and stood six feet two inches high without his shoes, and exceeded Johnson in weight upwards of three stone.
1812 Pancratia 218 On stripping appearances were greatly in favour of Crib; being a well-made man, standing five feet ten inches.
1831 W. Youatt Horse ii. 10 The ‘Dongola horses stand full sixteen hands high’.
1924 E. Phillpotts Cheat-the-Boys 3 She stood five feet nine and was straight, slim, healthy in every particular.
2001 J. Waterman Arctic Crossing iii. 231 He stands several inches over five feet tall.
2. intransitive. To rise to a standing position from another position. Chiefly with adverb or prepositional phrase as complement, esp. (and in earliest use) in to stand up 1a at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise or be standing [verb (intransitive)] > rise
arisec1000
astandOE
standOE
to stand upOE
risec1175
risec1175
runge?c1225
uprisea1300
upstanda1300
buskc1390
to fare upa1400
to get upa1400
to win upona1400
dress1490
upget1582
up1635
raise1884
OE tr. Chrodegang of Metz Regula Canonicorum (Corpus Cambr. 191) xxvii. 225 Licge þær astreht eallum lichaman..and syððan arise and stande up butan cyrcan dura.
c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. C) l. 3 Ne [þea]rft þu on stirope stonden mid fotan.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 370) (1850) 4 Kings xiii. 21 The man quyckened aȝeyn, and stode vpon his feet.
a1425 Rule St. Benet (Lansd.) (1902) 16 Þan sal alle stande for þe reuerence.
1650 S. Sheppard Amandus & Sophronia i. ii. 12 Rhoxenor, starting from his Couch, at that word, stood upon his feet.
1828 Asiatic Jrnl. May 630 Bir Mohammed..was..overpowered, and laid on the ground... He made a desperate effort, stood on his feet, and entered..into the fortification.
1879 Monthly Abstr. Med. Sci. Oct. 471 When attempting to stand, his knees bent under him.
1911 Hunter Trader Trapper May 21/1 I fell again... Again I tried to stand, but I fell again.
1980 J. Greiner Red Snow 104 One of the caribou..stood slowly to shake the rain from her ash-colored back.
2012 Daily Mail (Nexis) 8 Sept. The clerk of the court spoke: Could the defendant please stand?
3.
a. intransitive. To remain motionless in a standing position; to stop walking or moving. Chiefly with adverb or adjective complement, now esp. in to stand still.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > be at a standstill
standeOE
atstandc1000
stick1641
to be at a standstill1882
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xxiii. 490 Wildu dior ðær woldon to irnan & stondan swilce hi tamu wæren, swa stille ðeah him men..wið eoden ðæt hi hi na ne onscunedon.
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Laud) (1901) 745 Ne stod he nowt to longe And ȝyede forþ ricte To reymyld þe bricte.
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. iv. l. 143 [They] stareden for studiing and stooden as Bestes.
c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 1912 Come forth and stonde no lenger here.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 101 Quhen thay come to the dure, the King begouth to stand.
1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. i. 21, 24 When those went, these went, and when those stood, these stood . View more context for this quotation
?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) vi. 202 All but Nausicaa fled; but she fast stood.
1704 Athenian Oracle (ed. 2) I. 390 In thoughtful Postures now they walk and mourn; And now they stop, and stand.
1842 R. Browning Pied Piper of Hamelin in Bells & Pomegranates No. III: Dramatic Lyrics xiii The Mayor was dumb, and the Council stood As if they were changed into blocks of wood, Unable to move a step.
1917 Bellman 27 Oct. 467 The mules stood motionless,—their ears..alone giving evidence of life.
2015 D. Arnold Mosquitoland xxi. 164 I stand still for a moment, wondering if this is the right time.
b. In imperative.
(a) intransitive. Without complement. Used as a command or request to come to a stop, esp. as a command to a horse or (formerly) as a sentry's challenge. Now somewhat archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > absence of movement > do not move [interjection] > command to stop
standOE
halt1796
OE St. Mary of Egypt (Julius) (2002) 72 Stand and syle me þines gebedes bletsungan þurh þone God þe him nænne fram ne awyrpð.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (1870) l. 4101 Keep, keep, stand, stand, Iossa warderere Ga whistle thow, and I sal kepe hym heere.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. iii. 38 To tham he callis: Stand, ȝing men, How!
1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Ciij What recketh he his riders angrie sturre, His flattering holla, or his stand, I say? View more context for this quotation
1635 Long Meg of Westminster (1816) ix. 17 One of the theeues with a good sword and buckler stept before, and said, Stand.
1727 H. Bland Treat. Mil. Discipline xii. 175 The Centinel..when he is answer'd by the Sergeant who attends the Round..is to say, Stand Round... No Round is to advance after the Centinel has Challeng'd and order'd them to stand.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake v. 216 ‘Stand, Bayard, stand!’—the steed obeyed.
1891 in J. G. Wood et al. Boy's Mod. Playmate (new ed.) 79 [In lacrosse] the ball is dead when the referee calls ‘stand’, and no player shall move until the referee calls, ‘play’.
2013 A. Swanson King's Exile 266 ‘Who's there?’ he called. ‘Stand and be recognized.’ The rider laughed loudly.
(b) intransitive. stand and deliver: a formula used by highway robbers or thieves as a command to victims to stop and hand over valuables. Cf. your money or your life. In later use historical or in allusive use.
ΚΠ
1600 T. Dekker Old Fortunatus sig. Kv Your life? no, keepe your life, but deliuer your purse: you know the theifes salutation, Stand & deliuer. So, this is mine, and these yours.
1714 A. Smith Hist. Lives Highway-men (ed. 2) I. 38 He order'd him to Stand and Deliver.
1842 F. E. Paget Milford Malvoisin viii. 188 After this follows an address in a strain of foot-pad eloquence, ‘Stand and deliver! Your money or your life!’
1981 ‘Adam Ant’ & M. Pirroni Stand & Deliver (song) in ‘Adam and the Ants’ Prince Charming (record sleeve notes) Stand and Deliver your money or your life!
2019 @JonathanLHoward 13 Feb. in twitter.com (accessed 11 Sept. 2019) Stand and deliver! Your money or a lovely thermos of hot tea, if you have such a thing about you.
c. Hunting.† (a) intransitive. Esp. of a pointer or setter: to indicate the position of game by stopping in a rigid position and pointing the muzzle towards it. Also with on, upon. Cf. point v.1 11. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > action of hounds [verb (intransitive)] > point or drop
point1742
set1775
stand1806
drop1840
1806 T. Smith Naturalist's Cabinet II. vi. 223 As two gentlemen were shooting, at Pilton, in Devonshire, the pointer stood at some brakes, whence burst a large otter.
1831 Amer. Turf Reg. Apr. 386 I have seen a famous setter of the late William Stockton stand upon grouse full eighty yards, merely in consequence of a gentle breeze bringing down the scent from the pack towards him.
1856 E. J. Lewis in W. Youatt Dog ii. 53 He [sc. a little Dane] might have been tutored..even sufficiently well to stand upon game.
1924 Wichita Daily Times (Wichita Falls, Texas) 16 Nov. The two setters came racing across the stubble toward where the pointer stood, head flattened straight forward, one foreleg lifted and tail straight out in back, a beautiful ‘point’.
(b) transitive. Esp. of a pointer or setter: to indicate the position of (game) by stopping in a rigid position and pointing the muzzle towards it. Cf. point v.1 11.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > action of hounds [verb (transitive)] > point
set1621
pointc1692
stand1863
peg1892
1863 W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting viii. 333 Juno returns and stands them one after another.
1947 J. A. Knight Ruffed Grouse xii. 205 She found two more woodcock for us and stood them in grand style.
1995 Bismarck (N. Dakota) Tribune (Nexis) 1 Apr. The first breed to stand game in the hunting sense, the pointer is a combination of compact power and agile grace with an even temperament.
4.
a. intransitive. To remain firm or steady in an upright position; to support oneself in a standing position. Often in negative constructions, as in I could hardly stand.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > upright or erect posture > be in upright or erect position [verb (intransitive)]
standOE
to stable upa1300
sustainc1425
OE tr. Felix St. Guthlac (Vesp.) (1909) xvi. 153 Swa sarlice he wæs mid þam sare geswenced, þæt he naðer þara ne gesittan ne standan mihte.
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. ix. l. 28 For stonde he neuere so stif he stumbleþ in þe waggyng [of the boat].
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 640 This Malagryne..wounded hym wondirly sore that hit was mervayle that ever he myght stonde.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 733/1 Stande fast, for and you fall you ar but gone.
1667 N. Billingsley Treasury Divine Raptures 89 He caught the Falling-sickness, could no longer stand Upright.
1727 T. Salmon Mod. Hist. VI. vii. 50 The Company were ply'd so hard with Tockay Wine at Dinner, that they could scarce stand.
1919 Alumni Q. (Coll. Veterinary Med., Ohio State Univ.) Sept. 301 We decided that with the assistance of four men the cow ought to be able to stand, if only for a short time.
2005 Uncut June 82/2 Keith was so loaded he could hardly stand.
b. intransitive. figurative. To remain steadfast or constant. Frequently (now only) with adjective or adverb complement, e.g. to stand firm, to stand fast. Cf. branch II.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > be constant or steadfast [verb (intransitive)]
standeOE
cleavec1275
to stand stiffa1290
stick1447
to stand or stick to one's tackling1529
to stand in this1538
to set down (the or one's) staff1584
to stand one's ground1600
to stand to one's pan pudding1647
to maintain one's ground1736
to nail one's colours (also flag) to the mast (also masthead)1808
to stay put1843
to stand firm1856
to sit tight1890
to keep the flag flying1914
to dig in one's toes1933
to hold the line1956
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lvii. 439 Ðonne weorðað hi swiðe ryhtlice forlætene from Gode..; forðæm ðæt hi ongiten feallende ðæt hie ær hiora agnes ðonces ne stodon [L. non fuisse proprium quod steterunt].
a1200 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Trin. Cambr.) l. 316 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 229 For hit is strong te stonde longe and liht hit is to falle.
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. ix. l. 42 He strengþeþ þe to stonde, he stureþ þi soule.
a1450 in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 98 In goddis doom he stondes stable, Þat wrekeþ not all his owen wronges.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Stande stiffe or wilfull in opinion, obstinare.
c1588 R. Persons in J. Morris Troubles Catholic Forefathers (1875) (modernized text) 2nd Ser. 318 Having heard much of the present..persecution of England and martyrdoms of such as have stood.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. D4 If they stand in seditions and violent alterations. View more context for this quotation
1657 N. Billingsley Brachy-martyrologia xi. 35 Though some thus fell away, others stood fast, Remaining glorious Martyrs to the last.
1697 J. Dryden Ded. Æneis in tr. Virgil Wks. sig. e4 They had great success at their first appearance; but, not being of God, as a Wit said formerly, they cou'd not stand.
1776 Politic. Mirror 45 We have seen..the tyrannical stand resolute to defend our liberties.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xvii. 53 If it had seemed certain that William would stand, they would all have been for William.
1910 Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen & Engineman's Mag. Jan. 99/2 They stood true to their principles until rewarded with victory.
2018 C. K. Jahnke Well-spoken Woman speaks out 25 Throughout the ordeal, the mayor stood firm, showing real leadership.
5.
a. With adverb, adverbial phrase, prepositional phrase, or adjective as complement.
(a) intransitive. To assume or maintain a standing position in a place, position, condition, occupation, etc., indicated by the complement.See also to stand (at, to) attention, to stand at ease, to stand at (†a, the) gaze, to stand perdu.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > be or remain in specific state or condition [verb (intransitive)]
siteOE
won971
beOE
standOE
liec1374
rest1429
steadc1500
erdec1540
run1635
welter1847
stop1976
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xx. 3 Þa he ut eode embe underntide, he geseah oþre on stræte idele standan.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 141 & all þe follc þær ute stod Þatt while onn heore bene.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 6816 A witesoneday as seint edward at is masse stod.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 647 A Fisshere..sih a man ther naked stonde.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 732/2 I Stande a strydlyng with my legges abrode.
1655 tr. C. Sorel Comical Hist. Francion iv. 22 The three buffles..stood with their hats in their hands.
1711 N. Blundell Diary (1895) 93 I saw Peter Slinhead stand in ye Pillery at Leverp[ool].
1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 159 The woodmen..stood aghast, at the command of Carathis to set forward.
1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 5 At last I stand upon the summit.
1920 Cent. Mag. Feb. 554/2 I was taken by surprise and stood helpless before her beauty.
2016 Guardian 16 Jan. 30/1 When we take the escalator, we stand on the right.
(b) transitive. To cause (a person or animal) to assume or maintain a standing position in a place, position, etc., indicated by the complement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise [verb (transitive)] > cause to rise
raisea1500
to stand up1533
stand1838
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xx. 13 Mr. Sikes..sat himself down by the table, and stood Oliver in front of him.
1892 Illustr. Sporting & Dramatic News 17 Dec. 494/3 We recommend the driver to stand his horse in running water.
1938 Aberdeen Jrnl. Oct. 7/4 They stood us against the wall and slashed at us with whips.
2015 A. Smith The Alex Crow 173 Mrs. Nussbaum..stood me next to a metal screen and took X-rays of every part of my body.
b. intransitive. With to and infinitive. To assume or maintain a standing position so as to perform a specified action. Formerly also with †for to and infinitive.
ΚΠ
OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) xi. 25 Þonne ge standað eow to gebiddenne, forgifaþ gif ge hwæt agen ænigne habbað.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3894 Enngless stanndenn aȝȝ occ aȝȝ. To lofenn godd & wurrþenn.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 99 He brouȝte yn þat men schulde stonde, and nouȝt sitte, forto see pleies and merþe.
a1450 Pater Noster Richard Ermyte (Westm. Sch. 3) (1967) 10 Whanne þou standist for to preye, forȝyue hem þat haue harmed þee.
1591 ‘A. Foulweather’ Wonderfull Astrol. Prognostication D 2 Diuerse spirites in white sheetes shall stand in Poules..to make their confessions.
1643 in Fasti Aberd. (1854) 422 [The college porter] shall suffer no children..to stand neir the yeat to mack urine.
1747 T. Gray Ode Eton Coll. 6 Ah, shew them where in Ambush stand To seize their Prey the murth'rous Band!
1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles III. lii. 201 While the horses stood to stale and breathe themselves.
1915 Sabbath Recorder 26 Apr. 515/1 We all gathered about him and stood to hear him read the story.
2016 K. Bailey Shadow of War Machine 160 John stood to adjust the airflow in the firebox.
c. intransitive. With and and coordinate verb. To maintain a standing position while performing a specified action.In early use frequently in biblical passages, rendered literally from the Vulgate or the original.
ΚΠ
OE Homily (Corpus Cambr. 162) in J. Bazire & J. E. Cross Eleven Old Eng. Rogationtide Homilies (1989) 50 Æt þam feower healfum þyses middaneardes feower englas standað and blawað feower byman.
a1300 Passion our Lord l. 643 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 55 (MED) Hi stoden and biheolden hw he to heuene asteyh.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1019 Abraham stod and quamede hem wel.
a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 4407 As a chaumberere, The syxte gate I stonde & kepe.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iv. ii. 300 So please you, we will stand, And watch your pleasure. View more context for this quotation
1673 J. Milton Sonnets xvi, in Poems (new ed.) 59 They also serve who only stand and waite.
1842 Ld. Tennyson St. Simeon Stylites in Poems (new ed.) II. 54 I..sometimes saw An angel stand and watch me, as I sang.
1905 R. Bagot Passport ii. 7 Don Agostino stood and gazed.
2008 Church Times 4 Apr. 40/3 Marina Warner and I have returned from shepherding some university students..in a downpour. We stand and steam by the fire.
d. intransitive. With verbal noun or gerund. To maintain a standing position while performing a specified action.
ΚΠ
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxi. 345 Ða ða hi up to heofenum starigende stodon, þa gesawon hi þær twegen englas.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 343 Heo stod hercne[n]de & bi-heold efter help up toward heouene.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds i. 11 Men of Galilee, what stonde ȝe biholdinge into heuene?
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 514 They stood thus talkynge at a bay-wyndow.
?1566 W. P. tr. C. S. Curio Pasquine in Traunce 83 After I had stande a whyle diligently beholding such as entred in.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 35 The salvage Linxes listning stood.
1737 S. Berington Mem. G. di Lucca 34 It was a shame to stand all Day firing at five Men.
1842 T. B. Macaulay Horatius lx Friends and foes in dumb surprise..Stood gazing where he sank.
2018 Daily Star (Nexis) 9 Jan. 23 He even wanted me to start singing. My mates just stood there laughing.
e. intransitive. With noun complement. To maintain a standing position in a particular capacity or function indicated by the complement.Recorded earliest in to stand sentinel. See also to stand pad, to stand sentry, to stand watch.
ΚΠ
1593 M. Sutcliffe Pract., Proc., & Lawes of Armes xxi. 228 No souldier appointed to stand sentinell, shall depart from the place, or sleepe in the place, vpon paine of death.
1644 S. Rutherford Lex, Rex xxi. 178 The Estates taken collectively doe represent the people both in respect of Office, and of persons, because they stand Iudges for them.
1866 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. 322 [He] had consented to stand umpire.
1908 R. Barr Meas. of Rule vii. 95 He was one of the handsomest men I had ever seen, and might have stood model for a statue of Apollo.
2009 N. Vonnegut Top Producer 220 Carlo often asked cops to stand guard outside his doors.
f. In contextual uses, with ellipsis of complement.† (a) intransitive. To take up a position for fishing (for something). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fish [verb (intransitive)] > take position
stand1630
1630 Order in R. Griffiths Ess. Jurisdict. Thames (1746) 72 No Trincker shall stand for Smelts till the 21st Day of October... In Lent Time, they may stand every Day.
(b) intransitive. Cricket. To act as umpire on the cricket field.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > judging or umpiring > umpire or referee [verb (intransitive)]
sticklea1643
stand1846
referee1883
umpire1901
ref1929
1846 W. Denison Cricket: Sketches of Players Ded. p. v. In almost every [cricket] match..where..impartial umpires do not stand,..an alteration should be made in the law affecting ‘wide balls’.
1906 A. E. Knight Compl. Cricketer vi. 195 No umpire who is the nominee of a particular county is eligible to stand in a game in which that county figures.
2019 Australian (Nexis) 10 Aug. (Sport section) 43 The Birmingham match was just his 14th Test as an umpire and only the newly added Englishman Michael Gough, who has stood in just nine Tests, has had less experience.
g. transitive (in passive). Chiefly British colloquial. to be stood: (equivalent to the progressive, usually in senses 5a(a), 5d) to be continuously in a standing position in a place or while performing an action; to be standing.In the 19th and 20th centuries, regional and nonstandard, but increasingly common since the late 20th century.
ΚΠ
1860 Rep. Commissioners Corrupt Practices Gloucester Election 461 in Parl. Papers XXVII. 1 I was stood at the door, smoking a pipe along with a friend I knew from Birmingham.
1884 Proc. Old Bailey 15 Dec. 298 I was stood at the mantelshelf, that is immediately opposite the foot of the bed.
1916 E. C. Booth Fondie ii. ix. 263 Yon's not same handkercher you waved tiv him when you was stood wi' us!
1976 Southern Evening Echo (Southampton) 1 Nov. 15/6 Captain Allan Hindmarch had had a goal disallowed because a player was stood in the goal-crease.
1988 G. Patterson Burning your Own (1993) 199 Do you know what he did when he was stood there face to face with the priest, the man who positively identified him?
2003 Independent on Sunday 30 Mar. (Review Suppl.) 14/1 I was stood waiting to get my pay-cheque cashed.
6. intransitive. With adverb or adverbial phrase. To move or change to a standing position in a different place or situation, with the preceding movement indicated by the complement. Frequently in imperative.Many of these constructions are treated more fully at Phrasal verbs 1 (e.g. to stand aside, to stand back, to stand forward, etc.). See also to stand from under.
ΚΠ
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 216 Euery wight þat was a-boute hem two That herd þat gan fer a-wey to stonde.
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Cii Gyue this gentylman rome syrs stonde vtter.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. iii. 116 Stand from him, giue him ayre. View more context for this quotation
1691 Humble Addr. Publicans in Andros Tracts (1869) II. 236 Stand clear, here comes the Address.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 39 Come, pray, stand out of my spitting Place.
1814 Family Politics v. iii, in J. Galt New Brit. Theatre II. 247 Stand out of the way, Miss.
1842 R. Burn Naval & Mil. Techn. Dict. French Lang. 92 Stand clear of the cable!..Stand from under!
1911 Outlook 18 Nov. 665/1 He stood out of the way and let them pass.
2018 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 8 Nov. a19 ‘Stand clear of the closing doors’, a subway conductor will say.
7. intransitive. Of a horse: to be kept in a stable, stall, etc.; to be stabled (cf. to stand at livery). Also of a stallion: to be kept or made available as a stud horse (also more fully to stand at stud). Occasionally also transitive: to keep (a horse) in a stable, stall, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [verb (intransitive)] > be kept in stable
standc1425
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by gender or age > [verb (intransitive)] > serve mares (of stallion)
stand1766
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 8664 (MED) From her schipes þei had moche ado Or þei myȝt han her hors to londe And to ordeyn wher þei schuld stonde.
?1465 J. Wymondham in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 312 As touching a stabil, Ser John Sparham and I haue gote yow on þer your hors stode the last tyme ye were in this town.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Stabulo, to stande as cattayle dothe in a stable.
1676 London Gaz. No. 1072/4 Gentlemens Accompts, for Horses standing in the Kings Head near Charing-cross.
1766 Virginia Gaz. 4 Apr. 3/3 Merry Tom Stands at my house, and covers mares at a guinea the leap.
1828 R. Darvill Treat. Race Horse I. x. 240 The race-course, at Richmond..is the most convenient for horses which stand in the town to sweat over.
1881 Coffee Public-House News 1 Nov. 125/2 One want has been discovered, viz., the want of good stable accommodation for the market men to stand their horses.
1891 J. L. Kipling Beast & Man in India viii. 207 Importing English thoroughbreds, Arabs, and Norfolk trotters who stand as sires at the service of farmers.
1974 D. Francis Knock Down xiv. 171 Nestegg is standing at stud in Ireland.
2013 Sun Herald (Sydney) (Nexis) 6 Oct. 57 Brian Russell brought back memories of a stallion named after the northern rivers city of Grafton. The horse stood at Widden in the Hunter Valley.
II. In extended uses retaining some notion of a person's or animal's standing position: to confront, endure, remain, etc.
8. † b.
a. intransitive. To take up an offensive or defensive position against an enemy in battle; (of soldiers) to be arranged in battle formation; to await an attack and maintain one's ground without budging. Chiefly with complement.In quot. OE in figurative context.See also to stand before —— 3 at Phrasal verbs 2, to stand on the offensive.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > holding out or making stand > hold out or make stand [verb (intransitive)]
standOE
hold1154
to maintain one's owna1375
to hold or keep (one's) stalec1450
subsist1588
to hold out1769
OE Blickling Homilies 225 Ic mid þinum wæpnum getrymed on þinum feþan fæste stande.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 802 Nes þer nan swa stæðeli þat lengore mihte stonden.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Envoy l. 19 Ye Archewyues, stondeth at defense..Ne suffreth nat þt men yow doon offense.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. biiiiv Thoght thai war astonait in yt stour stithly thai stude.
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. ii. xx. 210 Incontinent þir twa fabis ruschit fordwart on þe first man þat stude aduersare to þame.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 32 [Queen Normall] immediatly put into Battaglia, and stood in her owne defence.
1690 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 28 It seemes K. J: army would not stand, namely the Irish, but the English Irish & French made greate resistance.
1759 Ann. Reg. 1758 52 M. Conflans had two choices, either to fly, or to stand and fight it out.
1890 T. F. Tout in F. Y. Powell et al. Hist. Eng. III. 8 The last Irish army stood at bay at Limerick.
1937 C. Oman Hist. Art of War in Sixteenth Cent. iv. x. 510 For five days the armies stood opposite each other, and Henry dared not attack.
2021 Sun (Nexis) 14 May 25 Israeli tanks and troops stood ready to invade Gaza last night after the state rejected a ceasefire plea.
(a) transitive. To face, confront, resist, or oppose (an opponent). Obsolete.Quots. eOE, OE show equivalent use of prefixed i-stand v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > confront
abidec1275
stand?1316
visagec1386
bidec1400
to stand to ——1562
affront1569
to look (a person, etc.) in the face1573
outface1574
front1582
to meet with1585
confront1594
propose1594
to stand up to1596
outfront1631
to stand forth to1631
head1682
meet1725
eOE Metrical Dialogue of Solomon & Saturn (Corpus Cambr. 422) i. 97 He a wile ealra feonda gehwane fæste gestondan.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xx. 194 Buton þu gestande ðone unrihtwisan, and him his unrihtwisnysse secge.]
?1316 Short Metrical Chron. (Royal) (2002) l. 72 Ȝef þe word of þe spronge Þat eny mon þe stode so longe..Al þyn honour were leid adoun.
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 81 Full Euyll thow dourst hyme stond.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 500 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 110 Was nane so sture in ye steid micht stand him a start.
?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) vi. 205 All but Nausicaa fled; but she fast stood... And still she stood him, as resolued to know What man he was.
1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives III. 453 The young man cried out, They dare not stand us, and followed at full speed.
1845 W. Carleton Valentine McClutchy II. xii. 123 If he's vexed, and won't get his own way, why ten men wouldn't stand him.
(b) transitive. To oppose or disobey (a command or order). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > refuse to submit to [verb (transitive)] > disobey
disobey1393
stand1608
transgressa1625
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xv. 66 The superfluous and lust-dieted man That stands your ordinance. View more context for this quotation
c1800 Bob Norice vii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1886) II. iv. 267 How daur you stand my bidding, Sir, Whan I bid you to flee?
c. transitive. To withstand, resist, or bear the brunt of (an attack, assault, blow, etc.); (in weakened use) to withstand or bear (criticism, teasing, etc.).In early use also with double object, as to stand (a person) (a blow): to withstand, resist, or bear the brunt of (a blow, etc.) from (a person).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist > maintain resistance against > specifically a blow, raillery, etc.
standc1330
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 9282 Non no miȝt stond his dent.
c1440 (c1350) Octovian (Thornton) l. 976 Thore was no man of hethen londe That myghte a dynt stonde of his honde.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 747 There myght none stonde hym a stroke.
c1565 Adambel Clym of Cloughe & Wyllyam of Cloudesle (Copland) sig. A.iv There myght no man stand hys stroke.
?1628 J. Taylor Dog of War sig. B2v He durst t' haue stood sterne Aiax frowne.
1633 P. Massinger New Way to pay Old Debts iv. i. sig. I I, that haue liu'd a Souldier, And stood the enemies violent charge vndaunted.
1712 T. Tickell Spectator No. 410. ⁋4 My good Friend could not well stand the Raillery which was rising upon him.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. vi. i. 371 He busy meanwhile training a few thousands to stand fire and be soldiers.
1890 Illustr. London News 13 Sept. 331/1 These virgin walls have stood unmoved a hundred assaults.
1919 Amer. Food Jrnl. July 21/1 There are manufacturers who overstepped their rights and the good had to stand the criticism with the bad.
2011 T. Barnes Constantine v. 98 There was a battle outside Rome, but only after the political situation inside the city compelled Maxentius to fight rather than to stand the siege for which he had prepared.
d.
(a) transitive. With modal auxiliary, usually in negative contexts. To tolerate, to be able or willing to endure (something). Also with to and infinitive. Frequently in cannot stand. Cf. to stand for —— 7 at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > endure patiently [verb (transitive)] > bear with or tolerate
forbearc897
tholec950
bearOE
abidec1300
bidea1325
takec1330
suffer1340
wielda1375
to have patience with (also in, toward)c1384
supportc1384
to sit with ——c1400
sustainc1400
thulgec1400
acceptc1405
to away with1528
brook1530
well away1533
to bear with —1538
digest1553
to comport with1565
stand1567
purse?1571
to put up1573
well away1579
comport1588
fadge1592
abrook1594
to come away1594
to take up with1609
swallow1611
embracea1616
to pack up1624
concocta1627
to set down bya1630
to take with ——1632
tolerate1646
brook1658
stomach1677
pouch1819
1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 158 I woulde not stande to be intreated to offer my bodie to presente daunger.
1626 G. Sandys tr. Ovid Metamorphosis x. 198 A Stag..who..well pleas'd would stand The gentle strokings of a stranger's hand [L. mulcendaque colla quamlibet ignotis manibus praebere solebat].
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 225. ⁋2 It is often said, such an one cannot stand the Mention of such a Circumstance.
1750 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 19 Nov. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1621 Till I am satisfied in these particulars, you and I must by no means meet; I could not possibly stand it.
1821 Sporting Mag. 8 233 Smith would stand no nonsense.
1831 Viscount Palmerston Let. 25 July in H. L. Bulwer Life Visct. Palmerston (1870) II. viii. 93 England never would stand the occupation of the Tagus by the French.
1869 A. Trollope He knew he was Right II. lxv. 121 She..declared that she was not going to stand that kind of thing.
1918 J. A. Miller Let. 27 Oct. in Atlantic Rep. (1923) 121 371/1 I cannot stand work on a farm any longer and I cannot stand to stay alone.
1943 ‘C. Dickson’ She died Lady xix. 170 Whatever else you do,..don't go psychoanalytic on me. I can't stand it.
2018 B. Macy Dopesick ii. 41 You ache so bad and you're so irritable that you can't stand to be touched.
(b) transitive. colloquial. With modal auxiliary, usually in negative contexts. To be favourably disposed to, to feel any liking for (someone or something one finds distasteful or repugnant).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > hatred > hate inwardly or intensely [verb (transitive)]
hateeOE
i-veec975
nitheOE
inhatea1529
maligna1535
misbelove1545
stand1869
(I, etc.) wouldn't be seen (or found) dead in, with1924
1869 Home Monthly May 272 Yes..but you must keep that ‘elegant’ young doctor away; I cannot stand him either.
1919 J. Conrad Arrow of Gold iv. ii. 162 Captain Blunt jumped up. ‘My mother can't stand tobacco smoke.’
1964 I. Murdoch Italian Girl iii. 39 Do turn that music off, would you? I can't stand music in the background.
2021 @obscenities 24 July in twitter.com (accessed 29 July 2021) This man is so goddamn annoying i can't stand him.
e. transitive. To withstand exposure to (storms, strong winds, or other bad weather). Also (and earliest) in figurative context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > endanger [verb (transitive)] > leave unprotected or unsheltered > be unprotected or unsheltered from
stand1573
1573 tr. M. Luther Expos. Salomons Bk. xii. f. 176v Enure thy selfe with troubles, & that from thy childhode: For so shalt thou safelie stand al stormes and daungers.
1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. F8 If the poore come to their houses, their gates be shut against them, where they standing frost and snow, haile, wind or raine whatsoeuer, are forced to tary two houres.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. iii. 74 Like a great Sea-marke standing euery flaw. View more context for this quotation
?1730 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Della Architettura: Architecture I. iii. vi. f. 45/2 Those parts..which stand all the changes of Weather..very soon decay.
1860 Mag. Horticult. Dec. 663 A few roses that will stand gales of wind.
1918 Bankers Mag. 358/2 A business enterprise, like a house, should not be built for fair weather only; its strength is determined by its ability to stand storms.
2016 USA Today (Nexis) 29 Dec. 1 a We're talking about boats that are not equipped or in shape to go out in the conditions—to stand the weather out there.
f. transitive. To face or encounter (a danger, fortune, etc.) without flinching or retreating; to be exposed or liable to (danger, risk, etc.). Cf. to stand to —— 3a at Phrasal verbs 2.See also to stand (a) hazard.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > adhere constantly or steadfastly to [verb (transitive)] > endure without giving way
tholec1175
suffera1387
outbear1530
to fight out1548
sustain1573
stand1575
hold1592
to stand out1600
to bide out1637
to stand for ——1896
tough1974
1575 T. Churchyard 1st Pt. Chippes f. 110v But yet O peerles Prince, a true and loyall flock: Agaynst the prowd presomtuous minds, are bent to stand the shock.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. vii. 10 Slaue I haue set my life vpon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the die. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) v. iii. 5 We stand much hazard, if they bring not Timon. View more context for this quotation
a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Knight of Malta iv. ii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Mmmmmv/1 I am sorry ye are so poore, so weake a gentleman Able to stand no fortune.
1667 S. Pepys Diary 2 Sept. (1974) VIII. 415 He that serves a Prince must expect and be contented to stand all fortunes.
1705 J. Collier Ess. Moral Subj.: Pt. III i. 16 'Twas a noble Act of Faith to throw themselves upon Providence, to stand the Event, and face Death under the most frightful Form.
1814 R. Southey Life Nelson (2nd ed.) I. v. 237 The greater part of her crew..stood the danger till the last.
1913 Trans. 15th Internat. Congr. on Hygiene & Demogr. V. 399 Medical officers of the regular establishment would have to stand the hazards of battle on their respective ships.
2006 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 16 Nov. 23/4 The intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change..stands the risk of being outrun by new data.
g. transitive. To suffer or endure (a physical trial, hardship, etc.) without hurt or damage, or without succumbing or giving way; to bear, withstand, put up with (something adverse or harmful). Also in figurative contexts.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 9e.See also if you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen at heat n. Phrases.
ΚΠ
1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (iii. 2) 1117 The Gun-powder shall sooner bee able to stand the fire, and not bee blowne up.
1640 H. Glapthorne Ladies Priviledge sig. B4 Have I stood the heat Of Battailes..: that your suspition Should taint my honour with this base revolt?
1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters i. 56 Common glass stands the utmost degree of fire without waste.
1777 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. 28 Apr. (1778) The green-cole and brown-cole stood the winter very well.
1875 F. J. Bird Dyer's Hand-bk. 45 Very fine shades of blue that will stand soaping.
1885 Manch. Examiner 13 July 5/3 These luxuriant growths of Liberal aspirations will stand pruning.
1911 W. H. Hudson Brit. Birds 154 A hardy bird of rook-like habits, able to stand all weathers.
2021 Irish Daily Mail (Nexis) 27 Feb. Edward VIII..was convivial..and he could not stand the strain of his loneliness.
9. † b. transitive. To obey or comply with (a command, law, etc.). Obsolete.† d. intransitive. Of a judge or judicial body: to preside in judgement; (of a court) to hold session. In earliest use in to stand in judgement against: to preside in judgement over. Also in figurative context. Obsolete.
a. intransitive. With prepositional phrase as complement. To submit to judicial trial or sentence; to be tried by a court of law; (in early use also) †to submit to divine judgement (obsolete). Later chiefly in to stand on (or †upon) trial; cf. to stand trial.In early use frequently in †to stand in (or to) doom, †to stand at (or in, to) judgement.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > try or hear causes [verb (intransitive)] > present oneself for judgement or stand trial
to stand on (or upon) trial1771
to come up1888
OE Homily: Gospel of Nicodemus (Corpus Cambr. 41) in Mod. Philol. (1903–4) 1 612 Hi standað, þa men, æt þam dome þe him her nu ða ne hirað.
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 643 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 125 For holi churche ne scholde In none stude stonde to dome Ne Ansuerie kinge ne prince noþur.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 1458 How so thou be to wyte Of Branchus deth, men schal respite As now to take vengement, Be so thou stonde in juggement Upon certein condicioun.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9492 Ne in na curt aght thral be herd, Ne stand in dom to be ansuerd.
1493 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Pynson) ix. xii. sig. G viiv/2 The dredeful doome whanne they shall stonde att the barre bifore the soueraigne iuge.
?a1500 Leges Quatuor Burgorum xxxi, in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 338/2 Ilke spousyt man may ansuer for his spousyt wyff and stande in iugement [L. et stare in iudicio] and do for hir all thyng at þe court demys hym.
1771 E. Long Trial Farmer Carter's Dog 16 The prisoner..stands upon his Trial.
1892 Standard 11 Mar. 2/3 It was not Eastbourne alone, but the country generally, that stood upon trial.
2011 S. J. Palmer New Heretics of France ii. 59 On May 25, 2009, the Church of Scientology stood on trial at the Palais de Justice.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > obey or be obedient to [verb (transitive)] > act in conformity to a rule or decree
to stand at ——c1300
to stand to ——c1300
usec1300
keep1387
abidea1393
obeya1393
stand?1435
answer1552
trace1649
the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > observe [verb (transitive)] > abide by
followOE
to stand at ——c1300
to stand to ——c1300
conservec1425
stand?1435
?1435 in C. L. Kingsford Chrons. London (1905) 36 (MED) That they shulde write..lettres and bondes vndir her seeles to stonde and kepe the fforseyd othes.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vi. 99 The wise men and the high barouns..a-corded to stonde the ordenaunce of the archebisshop.
1573 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 265 Obleissis thame to stand and fulfill the injunctionis and articles quhilk wer aggreit be thame.
1692 S. Grascome Two Lett. to Author of Solomon & Abiathar 14 What if neither the Laws of God, nor the Church had been concerned, and they had had only occasion to stand the Laws and Constitutions of the Land, which under no pretence whatsoever allows the Subject to use any force against the lawfull Sovereign, much less to Depose him.
c. transitive. To submit to or commit to abide by (a judgement, decision, vote, etc.); spec. to be a candidate in (a contested election). Cf. sense 12.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > choose for office [verb (transitive)] > offer oneself for
stand1467
to put ina1616
to declare for1669
the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > observe [verb (transitive)] > abide by > offer to abide by
stand1467
1467 in P. E. Jones Cal. Plea & Mem. Rolls London Guildhall (1961) VI. 43 (MED) If in any tyme herafter there happen or fall eny manere variaunce bitwix her and the same Thomas Wayte..she than shall stand and obey the jugement and awarde of the said sir Thomas Cook.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1682 (1955) IV. 296 I was exceedingly indangr'd & importuned, to stand this Election [for President of the Royal Society].
1774 S. Johnson Let. 21 Feb. (1992) II. 127 I am desirous of nominating You, if you care to stand the ballot.
1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. Pref. 5 [It] induces authors to venture forth, and stand a public decision.
1858 J. Martineau Stud. Christianity 122 He who claims by the law, must stand the judgment of the law.
1889 F. E. Gretton Memory's Harkback 244 I thought that the Prince Consort was lowering his position by standing a contest for the office.
1902 Bankers' Mag. Mar. 479 No first-class man would for a moment care to stand an election.
2019 @RaaviGupta4 16 Sept. in twitter.com (accessed 25 Sept. 2019) Who made these swinging public sector cuts I wonder? Would that be the @Conservatives you stood election for and are a member of? Declare your interest.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or act as judge [verb (intransitive)]
deemc825
sitOE
justifya1400
judgec1400
to stand in judgement against1558
adjudicate1789
1558 C. Goodman How Superior Powers viii. 92 Shall not the Gentils, whiche lyue besides the Lawe, stand in iudgment agaynste you whiche professe the Lawe, when they are more preste to defende their people from iniuries, then you yours?
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. vijv That he [sc. God] stand not in iudgement agaynst vs lest we be damned.
1647 Husbandmans Plea against Tithes 79 Whilest that those Courts stood, there was need of those Officers to do businesse for men that had Suits in those Courts.
c1800 Laird o Logie xiv, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 453 The morn the Justice Court's to stand.
e. transitive. To be submitted to, undergo, or endure (a test, trial, or the like); (also) spec. to come through (a test, trial, etc.) successfully; to withstand or bear (examination, comparison, etc.). Cf. test n.1 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > be subject to action or influence
feel1559
to lie under1600
stand1607
to stand under ——a1616
the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > be subjected to or undergo an action > specifically of a person
havea1225
to go under ——a1400
lie1546
hold1592
undergo1600
stand1607
the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > endure patiently [verb (transitive)] > bear with or tolerate > specifically a trial or test
stand1607
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist > maintain resistance against > specifically a trial or test
stand1607
1607 C. Lever Crucifixe sig. B3v And were it not, that grace did vs auaile, We should not stand, the triall of the scaile.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iv. i. 7 All thy vexations Were but my trials of thy loue, and thou Hast strangely stood the test. View more context for this quotation
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 409. ¶4 The celebrated Works of Antiquity, which have stood the Test of so many different Ages and Countries.
1787 H. Headley Select Beauties Anc. Eng. Poetry I. p. viii Homer..has stood the scrutiny of Greece and Rome, and the trying test of three thousand years.
1814 J. West Alicia de Lacy IV. 217 ‘Of what shall we hereafter stand question’, said the Earl of Hereford.
1825 New Monthly Mag. 15 201/1 He has stood the ordeal of a London audience.
1914 Internat. Socialist Rev. Dec. 327/1 The English army will not stand comparison at all with the millions-strong continental armies.
2016 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 3 June 4 The CR-V..now has a more premium feel, which can stand examination with rivals such as the BMW X-3.
10. Uses in which the force of the verb is weakened and approaches that of the copula to be, the stress being on the complement.
a. To be or remain in a particular state, condition, situation, etc., expressed by the complement.
(a) intransitive. With adverb, adverbial phrase, or prepositional phrase. †to stand fair: to have a good chance for something or to do something (obsolete).See also to stand in adventure, to stand in awe of.
ΚΠ
OE Laws of Æðelred II (Claud.) vi. xii. §2. 183 Swerige he.., þæt he ælces yfeles geswycan wille, & stande on þeowete be his were.
c1391 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Bodl. 294) vii. l. 2338* (MED) So stant the wise man in doute Of hem that to folie drawe.
1429 Norwich Constit. in Patent Roll, 8 Henry VI 15 Nov. (P.R.O.: C 66/426) m. 12 Non of the xxiiij Aldermen xal..concentyn to be chosen er standen as an Arbitrour..aȝens any of the xxiiij Aldermen.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 23 If hit be cleer and hool, stond out of fere.
a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1908) II. 275 Dureng the tyme that ye stonde in the seide offices.
a1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 84 He stuide nocht lang in this credit.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 329 Hee never stood in feare of them.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 112 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors They stood faire to become Master of the Island.
1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome 302 The Brothers stood in fear of their Lives.
1723 London Gaz. No. 6125/1 Baron Lagerberg..seems to stand fairest for that important Post.
1863 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 437/2 Now, how do you stand with regard to tobacco?.. Well, you stand in this position—that a larger amount of duty is levied [etc.].
1921 Amer. Swineherd Apr. 6/3 The breeder could determine so much better where he was at and where he stood financially.
2012 J. Harries Imperial Rome AD 284 to 363 iii. 90 From February 303 to Galerius' Edict of Toleration..Christians all over the empire could have stood in fear of arrest, interrogation under torture and painful forms of execution.
(b) intransitive. With past participle, adjective, or adjectival phrase.Often referring to a state or condition resulting from a decision, assessment, change of circumstance, etc., e.g. to stand corrected: to accept or acknowledge a correction. †to stand well or high: to be in high favour or esteem with a person (cf. to stand high in a person's favour) (obsolete).See also to stand accountant, to stand aloof, to stand mute, to stand neuter.Earlier currency is implied by Old English ānstandende alone, solitary (see standing adj.).Quot. OE shows equivalent use of prefixed i-stand v.
ΚΠ
OE Blickling Homilies 163 Hie on eallum heora life orleahtre gestodan.]
lOE Laws of Æðelred II (Corpus Cambr. 383) ii. ix. §3. 226 Stent ðonne ðeofscyldig se ðe hit on handa hæfð.
c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 175 For þon alle soðfeste men on him [sc. Christ] ifulled standeþ.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 1270 Thus stant this lady justefied.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 2636 So stond I clene desperat, but ye con help[en] ouȝt.
1537 in Archaeologia 25 506 A certen obligacyon wheryn my husband..stode bownde.
a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. G4 Stand gratious gloomie night to his deuice.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. iii. 60 And how stand you affected to his wish? View more context for this quotation
1643 H. Leslie Serm. 9 Feb. 26 Of all these crimes they stand indited by the Prophets.
1668 J. Dryden Secret-love v. i. 56 I stand corrected, and my self reprove.
1717 in Minutes of Evid. Nairne Peerage (1873) 29 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. A) XII. 65 He had been and stood attainted of high treason.
1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XIII xxiv. 67 Juan stood well both with Ins and Outs.
1850 G. Grote Hist. Greece VII. ii. lv. 46 Alkibiades stood distinguished for personal bravery.
1856 Titan Mag. Dec. 551/2 I stood very high with him; he was as fond of me as a son.
1868 C. M. Yonge Cameos lxxxix, in Monthly Packet Aug. 119 Glocester seems to have stood free of all suspicion.
1910 Sewanee Rev. 200 We stand committed, we always have stood committed, to government of the people, by the people, for the people.
1973 R. Katz Egalitarian Waltz in R. Copeland & M. Cohen What is Dance? (1983) vii. 528 The ‘letting go’ function of the waltz seems relevant to a world without clear standards, in which the individual stood alone having to find his own way.
2014 T. McCulloch Stillman 27 Strange, I would've thought that full-profile and full light would be the optimum conditions for the revelation of a big nose. Apparently not, I stand corrected.
b. intransitive. With noun complement. To take or hold the office, position, responsibility, etc., indicated by the noun; to act in a capacity, function, or relation expressed by the noun; (sometimes) spec. to be ranked or regarded, or to have legal status, as the thing indicated by the noun.Later frequently in to stand surety (or security): to act as security or surety to someone.Quot. eOE shows equivalent use of prefixed i-stand v.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > position or job > [verb (transitive)] > hold position or office of
stand1387
the mind > language > speech > agreement > security > give assurance or stand surety [verb (intransitive)]
to lay one's life, head, to wed971
to find (take) God, Mahoun, St. Blase, St. George, etc. to borrowa1330
again-behotea1382
to make (also do) faitha1382
pledge1458
to make (also give) warrantisea1535
undertake1548
subscribe1600
underwrite1623
seal1633
underwritea1657
hedge1676
vouch1687
to stand surety (or security)1776
to take warrant on oneself1828
stipulate1829
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iv. xxiv. 336 Nales þæt an þæt heo in hire mynstre þæm ondweardum lifes bysen gestode, ac eac swylce monegum feor wuniendum.]
1387–8 Petition London Mercers in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 36 (MED) The which..ygraunted..that no domesman stonde togidre Juge & partye.
1455–6 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. July 1455 §47. m. 10 All the tyme that the seid duke stode capitayn.
1483 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 32/1 That his hienez sal stand jn tyme tocum gude & graciouse prince to him.
1538 J. London in T. Wright Three Chapters Lett. Suppression Monasteries (1843) 217 Doctor Baskerfelde, to whom I do humblie besek your lordeschippe to stonde gudde lorde.
1598 R. Bernard tr. Terence Phormio v. iii, in Terence in Eng. 439 I pray thee stand my friend, and lend me a little money once againe.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vi. 39 Coniuring the Moone to stand's auspicious Mistris. View more context for this quotation
1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel 24 Then Kings are slaves to those whom they Command, And Tenants to their Peoples pleasure stand.
1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 5. 31 The Pretender stands in our Law a Traytor to this Nation.
1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 22/1 If I can get any one else to stand my security.
1857 J. W. Donaldson Christian Orthodoxy 116 Christianity stands surety for the divine origin of all that is spiritual in the creed of Moses.
1884 C. L. Pirkis Judith Wynne III. xx. 238 Oscar, in the event of Wolf's decease, stood next heir.
1890 Murray's Mag. Dec. 824 I'll stand your friend, and see you through it.
1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 199 The future hope of standing an honest man.
1982 ‘E. Peters’ Virgin in Ice (1984) viii. 113 Olivier is safe with me. I will do nothing to uncover him. In your need or his, I will stand your friend.
2018 Times (Nexis) 7 Aug. ii. 4 Her mother and Sara's second husband stood surety for a $100 million bail bond after she was charged with identity theft.
c. spec.
(a) intransitive. With godparent or sponsor as complement. To act as a godparent or sponsor (to or for a child) at a baptism. Also with as godparent, for a godparent as complement, or (occasionally) without complement.
ΚΠ
1629 F. Smyth Let. in B. Cusack Everyday Eng. 1500–1700 (1998) 243 Though it were my hard fortune to stand for a god mother for want of abeter.
1706 N. Blundell Diary (1895) 44 My Doughter Frances was Christoned, Collo[nel] Butler stood Godfather for my Brother Lang. and Mrs. Mills stood for my Lady Gerard.
1709 London Gaz. No. 4560/2 The King of Denmark and King Augustus stood as Godfathers to a Son of the Velt-Marshal.
1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 16 Jan. (1948) I. 166 A girl..and died in a week..and was poor Stella forced to stand for godmother?
1842 A. Strickland Lives Queens Eng. V. 215 Mary stood sponsor to a poor infant.
1870 C. M. Yonge Cameos c, in Monthly Packet May 435 Edward..stood as the godfather.
2016 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 4 Nov. (Ontario ed.) s6 To Allan Borodin..he was more than a colleague and collaborator: He stood godfather to Dr. Borodin's son.
(b) intransitive. In elliptical use. To act as a godparent or sponsor (for a child) at a baptism. Cf. to stand up 10a at Phrasal verbs 1. Now regional.
ΚΠ
1676 Lady Chaworth Let. in Hist. MSS Comm.: 12th Rep.: App. Pt. V (1889) 28 in Parl. Papers (C. 5889–II) XLIV. 393 Mr. Hide is going..to Poland to stand for our King at the King's child's cristening.
1741 S. Richardson Pamela IV. xxii. 142 The Earl and Countess of C——, and Lord and Lady Davers, are here, to stand in Person at the Christening.
1846 D. Jerrold Mrs. Caudle xvi. 56 Then she'd no right to stand for the child.
1856 C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain i. viii Richard hoped they would find sponsors by that time; and there Mrs. Taylor gave little hope;..there was no one she liked to ask to stand.
1974 W. Leeds Herefordshire Speech 96 Stand for, to act as god-parent.
11. With to and infinitive.† a. intransitive. To persevere in doing something, to continue to do something. Also with for to and infinitive. Obsolete.† b. † c. intransitive. To have the opportunity to do something. Also (in earliest use) to endeavour to do something. Obsolete.The sense in quot. a1450 is isolated, and uncertain in view of the variant readings.
ΚΠ
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) 16282 Þeȝȝ stodenn oþerr stund To wirrkenn o þe temmple.
c1300 Body & Soul (Laud Misc. 108) (1889) 55 Bodi, i may no more duelle, Ne stonde for to speke with þe.
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) v. l. 1119 Thus by-Iaped stonden for to stare A-boute nought þis Troylus and Pandare.
(a) intransitive. In negative constructions or in conditional clauses. To stop or wait in order to do something; to make a point of or insist upon doing something. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > insistence or persistence > insist or persist [verb (intransitive)]
perseverec1380
clencha1400
standc1400
to stand to it1549
beat1579
insist1596
hammer1598
consist1600
persist1600
re-enforce1603
to swear pink1956
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)] > to do something
standc1400
retard1550
stay1553
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2063 (MED) He [sc. the horse] startez on þe ston, stod he no lenger to praunce.
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Passion ii. 199 b A thousande such examples are to be founde in Scripture, yf a man woulde stande to seeke them out.
1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements i. xiv. 44 The truth of which story, though I will not stand to auow, yet I doubt not but it might be true.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Yy1v The reason whereof we cannot nowe stande to discusse. View more context for this quotation
1652 J. Wright tr. J.-P. Camus Nature's Paradox x. 261 I should swell this Volume too much, if I stood to relate the particulars.
1730 Let. to Sir W. Strickland relating to Coal Trade 28 How rare a thing was it to hear of any body who stood to talk about the Price before-hand at all?
1766 Compl. Farmer at Surveying Which we cannot stand here to treat of.
1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 291 ‘I never stand to do it’: i.e. I do not take the trouble, I am not so particular.
(b) intransitive. Originally and chiefly Scottish. To be hesitant, reluctant, or slow to do something; to refuse to do something. Chiefly in negative constructions. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (intransitive)]
nillOE
loathea1200
to make it tough1297
forthinka1300
reckc1300
ruea1400
to make (it) strangec1405
to make strangenessc1407
stick1418
resistc1425
to make (it) strange?1456
steek1478
tarrowc1480
doubt1483
sunyie1488
to make (it) nice1530
stay1533
shentc1540
to make courtesy (at)1542
to make it scrupulous1548
to think (it) much1548
to make dainty of (anything)1555
to lie aback1560
stand1563
steek1573
to hang back1581
erch1584
to make doubt1586
to hang the groin1587
to make scruple (also a, no, etc., scruple)1589
yearn1597
to hang the winga1601
to make squeamish1611
smay1632
bogglea1638
to hang off1641
waver1643
reluct1648
shy1650
reluctate1655
stickle1656
scruple1660
to make boggle1667
revere1689
begrudge1690
to have scruples1719
stopc1738
bitch1777
reprobate1779
crane1823
disincline1885
1563 J. Davidson Answer to Tractiue Kennedy in D. Laing Misc. Wodrow Soc. (1844) I. 211 I wyll nocht stand to give Mr. Quintine the First part of this reasone grantit.
1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals II. iii. 74 So Walla, which [flowers] to gather long time stood, Whether those of the field, or of the wood.
1698 Season. Admon. Gen. Assembly (1699) 11 Mr. John Hepburn standeth not to say, that some of them make a mock of serious Persons.
1712 in W. Mure Select. Family Papers Caldwell (1854) I. 229 He promised, that..he would not stand to help him to purchase a place.
1728 A. Ramsay Lure 61 T' oblige ye, Friend, I winna stand.
a1800 Dk. Athole's Nurse xi, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1890) IV. vii. 152 And the curtains they neer stood to tear them.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)]
beginc1000
onginOE
aginOE
ginc1175
to go tillc1175
to take onc1175
comsea1225
fanga1225
to go toc1275
i-ginc1275
commencec1320
to get (also get down, go, go adown, set, set down) to workc1400
to lay to one's hand(sc1405
to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410
to set toc1425
standa1450
to make to1563
to fall to it1570
to start out1574
to fall to1577
to run upon ——1581
to break off1591
start1607
to set in1608
to set to one's hands1611
to put toa1616
to fall ona1625
in1633
to fall aboard1642
auspicatea1670
to set out1693
to enter (into) the fray1698
open1708
to start in1737
inchoate1767
to set off1774
go1780
start1785
to on with1843
to kick off1857
to start in on1859
to steam up1860
to push off1909
to cut loose1923
to get (also put) the show on the road1941
to get one's arse in gear1948
the world > action or operation > advantage > an opportunity > have opportunity [verb (intransitive)]
standa1450
to come in (also to, on, etc.) placea1500
opportune1606
a1450 Simonie (Bodl. 48) (1991) l. 267 Bote sone after stondeþ he [c1330 Auch. he fondeþ, c1400 Peterhouse he wol begynne] to comfort þe wif.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. i. 53 That all things stand by proportion, and that without it nothing could stand to be good or beautiful.
1605 S. Daniel Trag. Philotas i. i Seeing your owne designes not stand to square With your desires.
1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xi. 158 Orations..wherein Schollars stand to shewe most art.
d. intransitive. To be in the position of being reasonably certain to win or lose something; to be likely to benefit or lose out; to be likely to do something advantageous or disadvantageous.Originally chiefly in the context of betting or speculation; cf. sense 45.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > bet [verb (intransitive)] > stand to win or lose
stand1845
1845 H. Cockton Love Match xxii. 231 The parties in London or Manchester..stand to win ten thousand pound on the first favourite.
1861 Temple Bar 2 150 He stands to lose twenty thousand.
1892 Chambers's Jrnl. 8 Oct. 648/1 If a man were reckless,..he stood to dismast his ship and hopelessly ruin his chances of a smart passage.
1937 Economist 11 Sept. 513/1 We stand to learn valuable lessons from this Russo-German process of social trial and error.
1971 Daily Tel. 4 Aug. 7/6 The new car buyer stands to come out rather better than the man who buys an old car.
2021 N. Rolland in J. Golley et al. Crisis vii. 197 Neither side believed it stood to gain by allowing tensions to escalate.
12.
a. intransitive. To put oneself forward or appear as a candidate in an election, or as a candidate for an office, post, etc. Chiefly with prepositional phrase (often with for) as complement.In quot. 1705 with noun as complement.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > choose for office [verb (intransitive)] > offer oneself as candidate
stand1542
to put up1705
offer1766
run1806
candidate1848
campaign1884
announce1892
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes ii. f. 265 Quintus Catulus a manne of right highe dignitee and power emong ye Romains standyng in eleccion with hym for the same office.
1562 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 291 The two fyrste persons..shall stonde..for the eleccyon of the Mayer.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) ii. ii. 2 How many stand for Consulships? View more context for this quotation
1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 540 Who stood in election for the Popedome.
1692 J. Locke 3rd Let. for Toleration 25 Had you stood to be Constable of your Parish.
1705 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 6 Oct. (O.H.S.) I. 52 Mr. Ellison stands Candidate for Fellow.
1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic II. xiii. 278 Those that stood Candidates brought their money openly to the Place of Election.
1803 Gradus ad Cantabrigiam 131 To stand for an honour.
1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar iv. 39 Marius began to be spoken of as a possible candidate. Marius consented to stand.
1905 Englishwoman's Rev. 15 July 192 At this year's annual meeting of the governors.., six candidates stood for election to three vacancies.
2003 Courier Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 31 July 18 (headline) Ex-consul set to stand for governor.
b. intransitive. British. To put oneself forward or appear as a candidate for election as the representative of a constituency in the House of Commons. Chiefly with complement. Frequently in to stand for Parliament.Originally in to stand for burgess: see burgess n.1 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > [verb (transitive)] > stand for a constituency or parliament
to stand for Parliament1657
1657 G. Bishop Throne of Truth Exalted 105 His yeelding to stand for a Burgess of Bristol to those of the Commissioners of the Militia, and of the City, as requested him so to do; and his being put into Nomination.
1674 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 279 Sir Georg Croke stood but he had very few votes.
1690 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 16 We hear from all parts the great contests that are about the election of parliament men, that there is hardly any county or town but they stand double.
1713 G. Berkeley in Guardian 18 May 2/1 I design to stand for our Borough the next Election.
1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby II. iv. xi. 143 Tadpole wants me to stand for Birmingham.
1890 Sat. Rev. 3 May 526/2 Sir Charles..had never stood for Parliament.
2017 Lancaster Guardian (Nexis) 6 June The Green Party candidate..said seeing the impact of benefit changes on families is what convinced her to stand as an MP.
13. transitive. British regional or slang. To work at or tend to (a market stall or shop). Chiefly in to stand the market: to attend a market in order to sell goods or (formerly) to hire oneself out as a servant or labourer (cf. to overstand one's (also the) market).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (intransitive)] > go to market to sell
market1636
to stand the market1756
1756 T. Turner Diary 7 Feb. (1984) (modernized text) 42 In the morn got up and went over to Framfield in order to get my brother Moses to come over to stand the shop whilst my wife and I went to Dicker Fair.
1788 Dumfries Weekly Jrnl. 6 May Every shoemaker who shall stand the market with shoes to sell.
1855 Grantham Jrnl. 17 Nov. Here was I and my daughter, standing the market last Saturday..all in the rain.
1886 Ripon Chron. 4 Sept. 3/5 The first harvest hirings were held at Malton on Saturday, when there was a good number of men ‘standing the market’.
1898 R. Blakeborough Wit N. Riding Yorks. 454 Ah've stooden Bedale market ivver sen Ah wur a larl nipper.
2013 @katieskostumes 9 May in twitter.com (accessed 2 Aug. 2021) We shall be standing the market in barnsley this sunday lots of bargains with prices from 50p.
14. Cards.† a. transitive. In various card games: to be willing, or to declare one's intention, to continue playing with one's hand in the course of (a game), rather than passing. Also with hand as object. Also intransitive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play at cards [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics
pass1599
pluck1606
pulla1625
to play high1640
to follow suit1643
to play at forsat1674
lead1677
overdrawc1805
stand1813
retract1823
underplay1850
to hold up1879
to throw in one's hand1893
build1901
build-down1983
1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia at Quadrille Remise; when they who stand the game do not make more tricks than they who defend the pool.
1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 36 When one of the gamblers stands, that is to say, will play.
1844 L. Sawyer Biogr. J. Randolph 11 The stake had gradually accumulated to sixty dollars. Mr. Randolph stood his hand; he was followed by the captain.
1879 ‘Cavendish’ Card Ess. 58 [In the game of Prime,] Each then examined his hand and either stood or passed.
b. intransitive. In pontoon (blackjack) and similar games: to choose not to receive another card from the deck. Also used imperatively to inform the dealer that one does not wish to be dealt another card. Cf. to stand pat at pat adv.1 and adj. Phrases 2a, stick v.1 16d.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [verb (intransitive)] > actions in specific games > in vingt-et-un
sticka1672
stand1870
bust1900
twist1921
1870 Westm. Papers 1 Nov. 115 They are playing Calabrasella... The first player..looks at his hand, and makes up his mind whether he will stand or not.
1897 R. F. Foster Compl. Hoyle 482 If he has 5 or more, he should stand; but if he has 5 exactly it is a matter of judgment.
1974 W. B. Gibson Hoyle's Mod. Encycl. Card Games 288 Each player, in turn, can say, ‘Stand’, keeping a card that he thinks is high enough to be safe.
2012 Atlantic Apr. 44/1 The player can draw another card on a hand totaling six plus an ace, counting the ace as either a one or an 11, while the dealer must stand, counting the ace as an 11.
15. intransitive. colloquial and regional (chiefly U.S. and Caribbean). With adverb, adverbial phrase, or noun complement. To stay or remain in a specified place. Frequently in to stand (at) home: to stay at home.The catchphrase I should have stood in bed, with the sense ‘I should not have bothered’, was apparently first used by boxing manager Joe Jacobs in 1935 when asked what he thought of his first baseball game (see quot. 19361, which alludes to Jacobs' use, and quot. 19362). [In the catchphrase, probably originally after Yiddish shteyn to stand, (also) to remain ( < Middle High German stān), whose past participle geshtanen can mean both ‘stood’ and ‘stayed’.]
ΚΠ
1910 Princeton (Minnesota) Union 13 Oct. 6/3 You tried to inaugurate the equity plan but you failed. You see you should have stood at home not entering the dealing system.
1914 Supreme Court Appellate Div. Case on Appeal (N.Y.) 154 Q. When you got home what did you do ? A. I stood home. Q. What do you mean by you ‘stood’ home ? A. I could not go out any place.
1936 Winnipeg (Manitoba) Evening Tribune 9 June 14/3 He looks sluggish, see what I mean? He should have stood in bed... Louis is getting up, he must be crazy, he shoulda stood on the floor.
1936 Denton (Texas) Record-Chron. 30 Dec. 4/3 Funniest lines of 1935:..Joe Jacobs, ‘I should have stood in bed.’
1943 New Yorker 6 Mar. 13/2 ‘They should of stood in the city,’ Frank the Crank put in, plainly concerned over the fate of the pioneers.
1960 Professional Boxing: Hearings before Subcomm. on Antitrust & Monopoly (U.S. Senate, 86th Congr., 2nd Sess.) I. 169 He said, ‘Just don't exert yourself and don't do any boxing.’ I stood home about two days in bed.
1976 Nation (Bridgetown, Barbados) 12 Dec. 1 in R. Allsopp Dict. Caribbean Eng. Usage (1996) 527/2 Men feel that..we must stand home and mind babies.
2005 in M. Chamberlain Narratives Exile & Return (ed. 2) viii. 156 When you can't got the penny to send, we had to stand at home. We had enough thing to do to help our mother.
2020 @brittnneeboo 20 May in twitter.com (accessed 11 November 2021) i could of easily stood at home with my baby cause it's so hard to leave her!
III. Senses relating to objects or things in an upright, fixed, or set position.
16.
a. intransitive. To be in an upright position with the lower part resting on or fixed in the ground or some other support (as opposed to lie v.1 7a); (more generally) to be set or placed somewhere; to rest on a surface. Chiefly with prepositional phrase as complement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > vertical position > be vertical [verb (intransitive)] > be or become upright
standOE
to stand upc1225
upstandc1275
risea1382
redress1480
stem1577
to prick up1657
upend1896
OE St. Andrew (Corpus Cambr.) in F. G. Cassidy & R. N. Ringler Bright's Old Eng. Gram. & Reader (1971) 213 He com to sumre stowe and he þær geseah swer standan, and ofer þone swer ærne onlicnesse.
OE Metrical Charm: For Unfruitful Land (Calig. A.vii) 5 Genim þonne on niht, ær hyt dagige, feower tyrf on feower healfa þæs landes, and gemearca hu hy ær stodon.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1030 & bi þatt allterr stodenn aȝȝ Þatt follkess haliȝdomess. Þatt wærenn inn an arrke þær Wel & wurrþlike ȝemmde.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 38 (MED) Þe bocle is al of whalles bon; þer wiþinne stont a ston.
c1405 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 715 But litel out of Pize stant a tour.
1551 J. Williams Acct. Monastic Treasures (1836) 24 Two collettes of golde, wherin standeth two course emeraldes.
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 183/2 Textrina,..a weauers shop or workehouse where his loomes stand.
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. G Her house stood vppon vaults.
1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects xx. 122 I have observed, that out of six Hives, standing two foot high, and in the eddy of the wind, I have lost more Bees..then out of sixty Hives, standing not much above a foot from the ground.
1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. §5. i. 100 At the top of his Head, just under the Horn, stand his Eyes.
1694 Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. ii. 22 When the Skies are not very clear, the Mountains stand, to about the middle, in the Clouds.
1710 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 42 It [sc. a volume] stands 4to T. 14. Art.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian v, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 103 Some food stood on the table.
1908 E. Fowler Between Trent & Ancholme 24 A dial, of wood, stands upon an old hewn stone in the middle.
1918 R. Pryce Statue in the Wood ii. 12 The statue stood in the exact centre of the clearing.
2005 D. Koontz Velocity (2006) xi. 95 On the kitchen table stood a bottle of Bacardi, a double-liter plastic jug of Coca-Cola, and an ice bucket.
b. transitive. With adverb, adverbial phrase, or prepositional phrase as complement. To set or place (a thing) upright in a specified position or state.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > vertical position > make vertical [verb (transitive)] > make upright or erect
rearOE
rightOE
to set upa1225
raisea1250
upreara1300
risea1400
to dress upc1400
stand?a1425
upsetc1440
dress1490
to stick up1528
arrect1530
erect1557
prick1566
upright1590
mounta1616
?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1996) II. l. 26254 He it [sc. the cross] enbraste..Iqwiles his knightes þarto keste Moldes and stanes, to stande it feste.
1783 W. Jackson 30 Lett. Var. Subj. II. xxi. 36 Take a landscape and stand it upon a table.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxv. 269 The pretty housemaid had stood the candle on the floor.
1878 Scribner's Monthly 15 763/1 I stood my rifle against a tree.
1905 W. L. F. Wastell & R. C. Bayley Hand Camera 126 The negatives..may be stood up to dry... They must not be stood close together in a rack.
1962 Pop Sci. Mar. 144 Separate the side boards and stand them upside down on a level floor.
2006 Sunday Mercury (Birmingham) (Nexis) 26 Mar. (Features section) 35 Dig a hole 45cm (18in) deep, stand the post in it and back fill with concrete.
17. † b. intransitive. With adverb or adverbial complement. To be fixed, set, or turned in a specified direction. Obsolete.
a. intransitive. With adjective or adverb complement. To be or remain in an upright or set position in a condition indicated by the complement, as in to stand ajar, to stand open, etc.
ΚΠ
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) Pref. 5 Ic geseah..hu ða ciricean giond eall Angelcynn stodon maðma & boca gefylde.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2669 Al þat liggende lond þat lið in-to Rome..þe nu stonded [emended in ed. to stondeð; c1300 Otho stend] riche.
a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 35 (MED) Þoow þi dore stond wide open, flateres wole passen bi.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vi. 77 He saw the brayis hye standand.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. ii. 104 The blak ȝettis of Pluto, and that dirk way Standis evir oppyne and patent nycht and day.
1675 J. Smith Horol. Dialogues 35 Fasten it [sc. the clock] with another nail or two, that it may stand firm and not shake.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 111 And open let thy Stacks all Winter stand . View more context for this quotation
1735 S. Johnson tr. J. Lobo Voy. Abyssinia 111 A large stone House..which had stood uninhabited so long, that great Numbers of red Ants had taken Possession of it.
1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 160 With a large door in it, standing a-jar.
1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art ii. 104 I have seen the hail fall in Italy till the forest branches stood stripped and bare.
1866 J. Ruskin Crown Wild Olive §57 My eye caught the title of a book standing open in a bookseller's window.
1910 D. G. Hogarth in Encycl. Brit. I. 248/2 The main chamber..stands free, isolated from the rest of the plan by corridors.
2005 P. D. James Lighthouse ii. ii. 98 The front door, dark oak heavily encrusted with ironwork, stood open.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > point or lie in a direction [verb (intransitive)] > have specific aspect
beholda1382
look?1440
stand?1473
turn1535
prospect1555
spect1585
face1638
point1859
?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 204 His sayll that stode ouer ende by force of the wynde, was smyten full of hooles.
?a1635 Good Wives Ale in B. Jonson Wks. (1925–51) VIII. 448 My mouth did stand a wrye, just as it were Labouring to whisper something in my eare.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 6 Its tail stands another way than the Tails of other fish which are forked upwards and downwards.
1694 Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. ii. 150 All the other Longboats row out before, and take notice which way the Line doth stand.
18.
a.
(a) intransitive. Of a plant, esp. a crop: to grow tall or upright; to grow in a particular manner or place. Frequently with adverb or adjective complement. Also in figurative context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > grow or stand
standOE
OE tr. Alexander's Let. to Aristotle (1995) §16. 234 Men..hæfdon of þæm hreode & of þæm treowcynne þe in ðære ea ofre stodon on scipwisan geworht þæt hie onufan sæton.
lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. xxv. 294 Swa bið eac þam treowum þe him gecynde bið up heah to standanne.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13005 And sturte him biaften ane treo þe þer stod [c1300 Otho stot] aneouste.
c1300 Holy Cross (Laud) l. 598 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 18 A fair herbe, þat men cleopez letuse, heo i-saiȝ stonde bi þe weiȝe.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Exod. xxii. 6 Ȝif fyre..catche..þe corn stonding in feeldis.
a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (1999) II. l. 10782 He shal perauenture finde þe corne Stonding on þe feeld ȝit vnshorne.
1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 33v Such fewell, as standing a late ye haue bought, now fell it.
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 107/1 Seges,..corne standing and vncut downe.
1618 W. Lawson New Orchard & Garden viii. 23 I haue seene many trees stand so thicke, that one could not thriue for the throng of his Neighbour.
1693 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Fable Acis, Polyphemus & Galatea in Examen Poeticum 91 Red Strawberries, in shades, expecting stand.
1765 Museum Rusticum 4 216 If the corn on this good land stood thin, we may safely conclude, that it was sown thin.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. i. ii. 16 The blossom of French Royalty,..was still standing with all its petals.
1858 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 19 i. 189 A piece of clover which was first mown and then allowed to stand for seed.
1993 Coloradoan (Fort Collins) 7 Aug. a7/4 Most of the fields sprawl safely above the flood-prone ‘bottoms,’ and crops are standing tall.
2013 @VyFarms 4 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 27 Jan. 2020) After crop tour this morning the corn stood pretty good for the amount of wind we had.
(b) intransitive. With adjective or adjectival phrase as complement. Of land, a field, etc.: to be covered with a tall or upright plant or crop. Esp. in to stand thick (also deep) with.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land raising crops > [verb (intransitive)] > be covered with crop
to stand thick (also deep) with1535
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms lxiv. (lxv.) 13 The valleys stonde so thicke with corne [Ger. stehen dick mit Korn (Luther)] yt they laugh and synge.
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 214 The lands stand thick with corn.
1837 M. Roberts Progress of Creation 68 Summer succeeds..and the meadows stand thick with grass.
1899 M. Benson & J. Gourlay Temple of Mut i. 3 The fields..stand deep in corn.
1985 W. Herrick That's Life 29 The fields on either side stood tall with corn in the lavender dusk.
1990 Sunday Times (Nexis) 1 Apr. At civil war sites, the battlefields stood thick in wild flowers.
2015 @Brodeyy_51 22 July in twitter.com (accessed 29 June 2021) #GrowingUpInOhio where the corn fields stand tall.
b. intransitive. Of hair: to grow stiff and erect like bristles; to be upright or erect. Frequently with up, upright. Also in to stand on end: (of hair) to become upright or erect; esp. (of body hair) to become upright or erect due to horripilation caused by fear or excitement (see horripilation n. and cf. hair-raising adj.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > [verb (intransitive)] > tuft or ridge
standc1225
snog1530
the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [verb (intransitive)] > coarse or bristling
standc1225
bristle1480
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > feeling of wonder, astonishment > feel wonder, be amazed [verb (intransitive)] > of hair: grow stiff
to stand on end1530
the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > exhibit physical symptoms [verb (intransitive)] > (of hair) to stand on end
arisec1385
gresell1490
to stand on end1530
c1225 (?c1200) Sawles Warde (Bodl.) (1938) 8 Lonc he is..& his leor deaðlich..& euch her þuncheð þet stont in his heaued up.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 555 Ther on stood a tuft of heerys Reede as the bristles of a sowes eerys.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 733/2 Whan I passed by the churche yarde my heares stode upright for feare.
1592 ‘C. Cony-Catcher’ Def. Conny-catching sig. D His Mustachies..standing as stiffe as if he wore a Ruler in his mouth.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads v. 593 This sight, when great Tydides saw, his haire stood vp on end.
a1691 R. Boyle Gen. Hist. Air (1692) 174 Their Horses Hair stood upright, like Bristles, with the vehement Cold.
1778 F. Burney Evelina II. ix. 66 As to the particulars, I'm sure they'd make your hair stand an end to hear them.
1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 249 When I speak of horrors, my hair stands on end.
1993 B. Sidhwa Amer. Brat (1994) 69 All at once Feroza felt..as if she were being observed by someone or something dangerous... The fine hair on her arms stood up.
2013 M. Miodownik Stuff Matters (2014) viii. 190 It has similar..properties to amber: the ability to generate static charge and make hair stand on end.
c. intransitive. (a) Of the penis: to be or to become erect. Also with up. (b) Hence of a man: to have an erection.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity [verb (intransitive)] > have erection > of penis: become erect
stand?c1425
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 527 (MED) Tokenes of coldenesse..ben openly knowen..when þat þe ȝerde..is colde and hath þe pallesye..þat þogh he..were froted and made hote wiþ alle þynges þat maken hote..and it be noght made to stonde vp ne þat it go not out into þe dede of leccherie or of dightynge.
a1475 in F. J. Furnivall Jyl of Breyntford's Test. (1871) 31 (MED) The leste fyngere on my honde Is more than he whan he dothe stonde.
?1505 R. Copland tr. P. Gringore Complaynte them that ben to late Maryed sig. B.i Than with a praty smyle she doth me larde And that maketh me sumwhat Ioyous But comynge to a bed delycyous For to holde the spere in a full hande It plyeth and fayleth for it wyll not stonde.
a1525 in R. L. Greene Early Eng. Carols (1977) 280 (MED) She..seyd she wolde haue hym to lerne hym stand.
a1601 T. Nashe Choise of Valentines in Wks. (1958) 409 Vnhappie me, quoth shee, and wilt' not stand? Com, lett me rubb and chafe it with my hand!
1762 T. Bridges Homer Travestie I. iv. 189 She guides his weapon where she list;..a touch of her soft hand, If fallen down, will make him stand.
1868 tr. Martial Index Expurgatorius 82 That's the way to make your Martial stand.
1959 W. S. Burroughs Naked Lunch (1993) 85 I am subject to tell a tale make your cock stand up and yip for the pearly way of young cunt.
2019 @totallynot_ibz 6 Sept. in twitter.com (accessed 13 Sept. 2019) Woke up with my dick standing wusgood ladies.
d. intransitive. With adverbial or prepositional phrase as complement. To protrude or project from something, to jut out; = to stand out at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > [verb (intransitive)] > project in relief
stand1683
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 114 [He] Sculps out the Steel between the..Marks..on the Face of the Punch, and leaves the Marks standing on the Face.
1855 Amer. jrnl. Sci & Arts Sept. 179 When the surface..was vertical..the garnets were left standing in relief.
1901 J. Lee Pillar of Salt xxxiv. 196 His face grew bewildered and red and scornful. The veins stood on his forehead.
2004 E. Cameron tr. A. Audouard Farewell, My Only One 187 One evening, carved into a niche, we discovered the body of a woman and a face that stood in relief in the stone.
19. intransitive. With adverb, adverbial phrase, or prepositional phrase as complement. Of a building, city, etc.: to be situated in a specified position or location, or with a specified aspect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > have specific position or arrangement [verb (intransitive)]
standOE
liec1121
beset1413
the world > space > place > position or situation > be positioned or situated [verb (intransitive)]
resteOE
standOE
sitOE
liec1121
inhabitc1384
settlea1400
couchc1400
biga1425
loutc1460
residea1475
innc1475
contain1528
consist1542
seatc1580
situate1583
lodge1610
site1616
subsist1618
station1751
the world > space > place > position or situation > be positioned or situated [verb (intransitive)] > of a country, building, etc.
standOE
seat1577
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise or be standing [verb (intransitive)] > be standing > in specific circumstances
standOE
OE Blickling Homilies 77 Gaþ on þa wic þe beforan inc stondeð.
OE Acct. Voy. Ohthere & Wulfstan in tr. Orosius Hist. (Tiber.) (1980) i. 1.16 He seglode on fif dagan to þæm porte þe mon hæt æt Hæþum, se stent betuh Winedum & Seaxum & Angle.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 64 Ful neh þan ilke stude þar Rome nou stondeð.
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 3265 Þe cite vpe þe cee stood.
c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) 114 Þanne he farus to a feld..Þat stod on an hie stede.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxxiiiv The toune standeth lowe, and the Ryuer passeth thorough.
1550 R. Crowley One & Thyrtye Epigrammes sig. Aviii A Marchaunte..Returned to his contrey whiche in Europe standes.
1607 ‘W. S.’ Puritaine iii. iv. 36 Put. O, it [sc. a room] stands very pleasantly for a Scholler.
1612 R. Coverte True Rep. Englishman 11 This place of our then ancoring standeth in the height of fiue Degrees and 20. minutes.
1740 Maundrell's Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (ed. 6) 159 The City [i.e. Corus] stands Northerly.
1790 J. Throsby Suppl. Vol. Leics. Views 16 Close to this village stands, pleasantly situated, the seat of Charles Wyndham, Esq.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 336 Large as Bristol might then appear, it occupied but a very small portion of the area on which it now stands.
1905 E. C. Gardner et al. Springfield Present & Prospective 102 The old high school building stood on the site of the present police headquarters.
2015 M. Vanhoenacker Skyfaring 200 Cape Town stands near the southwest tip of Africa.
20.
a. intransitive. To be written, inscribed, drawn, painted, etc.; to be set down or recorded (sometimes with the implication of permanence or fixity); to be composed in a particular context or form. Chiefly with prepositional phrase as complement.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > written record > be recorded in writing [verb (intransitive)]
standeOE
to make (also take) a note (or notes)1548
memorandize1835
eOE (Kentish) Will of Ealdorman Ælfred (Sawyer 1508) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 810 Ðeos foresprec & þas gewriotu þe herbeufan awreotene stondað.
lOE Laws of Æðelstan (Rochester) vi. viii. §5. 179 Beo xxx pæninga scyldig.., gif he aht þæs oferhæbbe, þe on urum gewritum stent.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 315 All iss þwerrtut soþ..Þatt stanndeþþ o þe goddspell boc.
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. i. l. 48 And he asked of hem, of whom spac þe lettre, And whom þe ymage was lyk þat þer-Inne stod.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 279 In þe first compas..Stude þe xij vndirstandings stoutly engrauen.
1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 891/1 The whole Canon of the Masse with the Rubrick therof, as it standeth in the Massebooke.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. i. 150 Let this pernitious houre, Stand aye accursed in the Kalender. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. ii. 40 To fine the faults, whose fine stands in record. View more context for this quotation
1754 Bp. T. Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. ix. 251 These Words stand towards the Close of St. John's Gospel.
1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod ii. i. 44 The victories they obtained over their enemies..stand upon record in the histories of this country.
1832 Examiner 370/2 Mr. E. L. Bulwer's motion..stands for Thursday next.
1914 B. De Selincourt W. Whitman i. 32 ‘I greet you at the beginning of a great career. R. W. Emerson.’ stood in bold letters on the cover of the new volume.
2005 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 5 Sept. Only by laying the music out as it stands on the page can we discover if Donizetti's conception still has real power.
b. intransitive. With adverb, adverbial phrase, or prepositional phrase as complement. Of a word, clause, etc.: to occupy a specified place in a verse or context; (also) to be used in a specified inflection or construction.
ΚΠ
OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. i. 92 Kata triton trocheon byð þonne man gemet on þære þriddan stowe trocheum, þeah he ne mæge þær beon; ac þær stant sum þing of dac[til]o.
c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 194 (MED) ‘Ego’ est pronomen; what numbre and person is þe verbe ‘est’? The syngler numbre and þe thyrd person, for soo ys þe nominatyfe case, ‘ego,’ stondyng materiali.
1693 J. Dryden in tr. Persius Satires vi. Notes 86 But the word Empress wou'd not stand in that Verse: For which Reason I Adjourn'd it to another.
1774 Short Introd. Danish Lang. 64 The auxiliary Verb stands always before the verb it is joined with.
1836 J. R. Major Guide Greek Trag. 120 The rhythm is violated..when the three last syllables of a word, which are capable of standing in the verse as an anapæst, are divided between a dactyl and the following foot.
1860 W. W. Goodwin Greek Moods & Tenses 287 The Participles of impersonal Verbs stand in the Accusative Absolute,..when other Participles would stand in the Genitive Absolute.
1915 School & Soc. 5 June 807/1 The subject stands in the nominative case.
2015 G. Pezzini Terence & Verb ‘to Be’ in Lat. 175 In Terence contracted forms seem to be more common when the verb stands at the end of a (complex) clause.
c. intransitive. Of a number: to be set down or entered in a list, account, or the like. Hence with at: (of a sum, price, score, etc.) to be of a specified amount; (of a game or a player) to have a specified score.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > keep accounts [verb (intransitive)] > be set down in account
stand?a1400
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > take part in a game [verb (intransitive)] > of score: to be set down
stand?a1400
?a1400 in J. O. Halliwell Rara Mathematica (1839) 31 This figure of foure that hath this schape 4 tokeneth but himself for he stondeth in the first place.
1537 in J. W. Clay North Country Wills (1908) I. 153 That Roger Shawes sonne be forgiven the odde mony that standith in my boke more than lxvj s. viij d.
1659 P. Heylyn Examen Historicum ii. 60 The particular of the Kings Account stood thus, viz. 32000 l. for securing of Leland, 47000 l, [etc.].
1729 J. Cheny Hist. List Horse-matches 1728 46 The Sum stood at the original Subscription of 220 Guineas.
1830 Examiner 538/2 At the close of the poll the numbers stood thus.
1878 R. H. Hutton Scott xv. 158 On the 17th of December, 1830, the liabilities stood at 54,000l.
1890 Illustr. London News 26 Apr. 526/3 The prisoner had standing to his credit £57.
1925 Virginia Teacher Apr. 121/2 The third quarter had ended with Farmville one point ahead, the score standing at 15–16.
1994 Times 8 Mar. 27/1 Employee numbers stood at about 20,700 at the year end.
2012 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 19 Dec. His bank account stood at $1,200.
d. intransitive. With adverbial phrase. Of an account: to be in a specified position as regards debit or credit. Also: †to remain in debit for a specified period (obsolete). Also in figurative contexts.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > keep accounts [verb (intransitive)] > show position regarding debit or credit
to stand in super1624
stand1648
1648 Declar. Protestant Army in Munster sig. A2v The detaining most part of the train of Artillery with its Carriages and Utencills, for which the Lord Lisles account stands charged with above 12000. pound.
1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 16 Jan. (1948) I. 166 Let me know how accounts stand, that you may have your money betimes.
1776 Pennsylvania Evening Post 10 Aug. 398/1 Those whose accounts have stood beyond the customary time of payment, will please to take notice, that unless they are speedily discharged, I shall sue for the same.
1825 W. Scott Betrothed xiv, in Tales Crusaders II. 300 I will not accept favours from him in prosperity, who, in adversity, refused me his hand—our account stands yet open.
1909 Sixth Ann. Rep. State Corporation Comm. Virginia 1354 On June 30th this account stood in debit.
2016 Financial Express (Dhaka) (Nexis) 13 Feb. Prof MA Taslim..supports the government's go-slow policy on sovereign bond issuance when the country's balance-of-payments account stands in a healthy position.
21. intransitive. Of water or other liquid: to have its surface at a specified level (in later use often of the fluid in a thermometer or barometer). Hence of an instrument: to indicate a specified temperature, pressure, etc.; (now also, of the ambient temperature, weather, etc.) to remain in a specified state. Chiefly with prepositional phrase or adverb as complement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > [verb (intransitive)] > have surface at specific level
standOE
the world > the earth > water > body of water > [verb (intransitive)] > have specific level
standOE
OE Genesis A (1931) 1397 Fiftena stod deop ofer dunum se drenceflod monnes elna.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 590 Fowerti dais and fowerti nigt, So wex water wið magti migt..And oðer fowerti ðore-to Dais and nigtes stodet so.
1549 R. Crowley Psalter of Dauid ciiij. sig. Ff.iv To make the waters stand aboue the hylles was his intent.
1686 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 16 110 In calm frosty weather the Mercury generally stands high.
1715 J. T. Desaguliers tr. N. Gauger Fires Improv'd 47 The Thermometer stands at the same height in deep Cellars at both Seasons.
1853 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 14 i. 165 The water in the sluice stands at 9 ft.
1891 National Rev. Jan. 656 The thermometer now stood at 20 Fah.
1918 in F. A. Pottle Stretchers (1930) 61 It still stands cold tonight.
2009 D. Hall North Pole Tenderfoot iii. 78 A deep penetrating cold blasted us as we left the plane, the temperature standing at minus 5 degrees.
IV. Of an abstract or immaterial thing: to be or remain in a certain state or condition, and related senses.† 23. † 27. intransitive. Scottish. Of a ceremony or event, esp. a wedding: to be performed, to take place. Obsolete.
22.
a. intransitive. With adverbial complement indicating the nature of the existing circumstances or state of affairs, e.g. as things stand, as matters stand, the case stands thus, etc. Also impersonal (in early use) or with non-referential it as subject (cf. as it stands at Phrases 3a(b)). Also followed by with and a noun or pronoun indicating the person affected.In early use also with indirect object, e.g. him stands well: he fares well.
ΚΠ
eOE Metres of Boethius (transcript of damaged MS) (2009) i. 28 Stod þrage on ðam. Þeod wæs gewunnen wintra mænigo.
OE Laws: Grið (Nero) iv. 470 þus hit stod on ðam dagum inne mid Englum, ðæt [etc.]
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2983 Him stondes wel þat god child strenes.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Shipman's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 114 Nay cosyn myn, it stant nat so with me.
?a1525 (c1450) Christ's Burial & Resurrection ii. l. 1505 in F. J. Furnivall Digby Plays (1896) 221 Gud mawdleyn, sister! how standes with yow?
a1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 25 The erle of glencairne returnit..to the erle of lennox and schew him how all studd.
1600 Weakest goeth to Wall sig. H3 My Lord of Bulloigne, thus then stands my case.
1612 Mr. King tr. Benvenuto Passenger i. ii. 137 Sure sir, if it stood with you as he pleased, you should be in an euill case.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. v. 19 Spee. Why then, how stands the matter with them? Lau. Marry thus, when it stands well with him, it stands well with her. View more context for this quotation
a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 68 As things now stand.
1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §45. 49 The truth of the Matter, I find, stands thus.
1771 F. Vesey Cases High Court Chancery 2 472 After the marriage things stood in the same way until 1697.
1826 C. Lamb in New Monthly Mag. 16 419 A hare, as the law now stands, makes many friends.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. vii. vii. 448 Ill stands it with me if I have spoken falsely.
1911 Ont. Weekly Reporter 2 Feb. 861 As matters stood at the last trial the defendant had been cleared of all grounds of offence.
2021 @NewStatesman 30 Apr. in twitter.com (accessed 23 July 2021) How do things stand as we enter the final strait of the local elections? @stepehnkb explains.
b. intransitive. With adverb, adverbial phrase, prepositional phrase, or adjective complement. To be or remain in a particular condition, situation, relation, etc.See also to stand (much, great, etc.) stall, to stand in (little, no, etc.) stead.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > be permanent [verb (intransitive)] > remain, continue > in specified state
ofstandeOE
atstandc1000
goOE
standOE
containc1380
perseverec1380
contunec1400
to hold inc1400
setc1400
remain?a1450
continue1503
stay1570
keepc1600
subsista1616
OE Dispute between Bp. Æðelstan & Wulfstan (Sawyer 1460) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 164 Nu syndan þissa gewrita þreo, an on Wigernaceastre æt Sancta Marian þær þæt land toherð & oðer on Hereforda æt Sancte Æþelbrihte & þridde a mid þam þe þæt land on hande stande.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1093 Se cyng Willelm..þet arcebiscoprice on Cantwarbyrig þe ær on his agenre hand stod Anselme betæhte.
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 9 For ȝef þat water his kende lest, Þat cristning stant te tealte.
a1450 (?1404) in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 20 A cheuenteyn may fyȝte o day, Þe victorye wiþ hym stande.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xijv My life stoode in ieopardie.
1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande i. f. 1/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Thersites..being in outwarde feature so deformed, and in inwarde conditions so crooked, as he seemed to stande to no better steede, then to leade Apes in hell.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 108 His Integritie Stands without blemish. View more context for this quotation
1688 Lett. conc. Pres. State Italy 170 The greatest part of the Revenue of this State stands engaged for the Interest that they pay.
1870 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Gleanings 2nd Ser. 102 No reputation stood higher than that of Selden.
1891 Standard 16 June 3/2 Mr. Balfour's plan stands condemned in his eyes.
1921 Sci. Monthly Aug. 159 All these environmental factors stand in definite functional relations to rate of metabolic activity.
1929 H. G. Farmer Hist. Arabian Music vii. I have conveniently demonstrated how culture stood in relation to the social and political regimen.
2005 G. Crow Art Sociol. Argument ii. 9 [Marx] was aware..that the ‘popularization’ of his ideas stood in conflict with his mission to be scientific in his analysis.
c. transitive. With adverbial phrase, prepositional phrase, or noun complement. To be of use, help, advantage, etc., to (a person); to serve (a person) in a manner expressed by the complement. Now chiefly in to stand (a person or thing) in good stead at Phrases 1a(a).In quot. a1300 in to stand (a person) much stall: see stall n.1 2b.
ΚΠ
a1300 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 74 Hwo-so cuþe hit to þan ende, hit wolde him stonde muchel stel.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 267 But for it stood hem but litel in stede [L. sed quia parum profecerunt].
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 844 Holy watyr take of þe prestys hand, For anoylyng hyt wyl þe stande.
c1475 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Taylor) in J. Robson Three Early Eng. Metrical Romances (1842) 20 (MED) Foche the my fresun..He wulle stond the in stoure.
1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) i. xiii. 9 It maye hym stande nought in profite ne at none auaile.
1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Bj If ye aske me, what stede these stande me to? I aunsweare [etc.].
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Passion ii. 201 b So the death of Christ shall stande vs in no force, vnlesse we applye it to our selues in suche sort, as God hath appoynted.
1778 R. Cumberland Battle of Hastings v. 85 I thank thee for the lesson, 'Twill stand me much in use.
1882 R. L. Stevenson Familiar Stud. Men & Bks. 283 The rigidity of intricate metrical forms stood him in lieu of precise thought.
1976 Eng. Lit. Renaissance 6 189 His guns were quite dispatched, and stood him in no service because of the rain that fell.
2000 S. Broughton et al. World Music: Rough Guide II. i. 180/2 Her foundation in classical music has stood her in good stead as she sings her way from soft rock towards jazz.
a.
(a) intransitive. With indirect object (originally in the dative). To exist as a state or condition affecting a person, e.g. me stands rape: I am in haste. Obsolete.With this and sense 23a(b) compare the development of phrases at awe n.1 Phrases 1, eye n.2 Phrases, need n.1 6c(a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > [verb (intransitive)] > exist in or be situated in
standOE
to have placea1398
exist1585
rely1591
subsist1593
to find place1598
seat1604
rulec1654
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) iv. 210 Swa micel ege stod deoflum from eow, þæt hi be eowere hæse þa ofsettan deofulseocan forleton.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 73 Þer hem stod eie, þer hem ne sholde, þat is of idele þing.
a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) l. 18 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 161 Mare eie stondeð men [a1200 Trin. Cambr. man] of monne þanne hom do of criste.
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 554 For þi me stondeþ þe more rape.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 392 Of iwel and dead hem stondeð greim.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 24220 Quen he þe sagh þis murning mak, Sumthing to þe i wiss he spak, If him stode ani steuen.
c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 552 (MED) Be þe quartere of þis ȝere, and hym quarte staunde, He wylle wyghtlye in a qwhyle on his wayes hye.
(b) intransitive. With noun complement. To experience or be affected by a state or condition, e.g. to stand dread: to have dread. Obsolete (regional in later use).With early use compare the construction at sense 23a(a) (e.g. me stands dread: I have dread); in early use, where the noun phrase expressing the person affected is unmarked for case, it is impossible to be certain whether this construction or that of sense 23a(a) is shown (which is probably how this sense first developed).With later use compare constructions at sense 10a.
ΚΠ
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 39 He þat is recheles and non eige ne stand of louerde.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 139 And te king stod eie of him for his holinesse.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. l. 2536 The remenant of folk aboute Unethe stonden eny doute To werre ech other and to slee.
a1450 (?1404) in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 19 Holy chirche stant of hem drede.
1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 913 Of vs ze stand na awe.
1664 in G. Miege Relation of Three Embassies (1669) 420 If I stood need of witnesses, I would cite only Your own merits.
1886 R. E. G. Cole Gloss. Words S.-W. Lincs. (at cited word) One stans need to tak' care of one's lasses now-a-days.
b. intransitive. With non-referential it as subject. To be the case (that). Also in it cannot stand but: it cannot but be that. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > be or become true [verb (intransitive)] > be the case
standc1400
the thing is (that) …1971
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiv. l. 251 A strawe for þe stuwes! it stode nouȝt, I trowe, Had þei none [emended in ed. to no þyng] but of pore men, her houses were vntyled.
a1500 (?c1440) J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (Lansd.) l. 442 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 557 Yiff it so stood that no werre were, Lost wer the craft of these armoreres.
1561 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 173 It mycht stand that I had ressavit sum of the gudis libellit fra the thrid hand.
1644 J. Maxwell Sacro-sancta Regum Majestas ix. 99 It cannot stand but..the like should hold.
c. transitive. With non-referential it as subject. To behove (a person) to do (something). Obsolete. rare.Perhaps an elliptical or erroneous use for to stand (a person) in (also †on) hand at hand n. Phrases 2o(a)(ii) or to stand upon —— 5b at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)]
birc950
oughtOE
behovec1175
dowa1225
liea1225
owea1250
it stands one upona1393
liea1400
busc1400
hovec1450
to stand (a person) in (also on) handc1555
import1561
stand1602
befit1604
to stand on ——1608
to lie with1885
1602 A. Munday tr. 3rd Pt. Palmerin of Eng. xxxi. f. 47v Estrellant afterward Iousted with an vnknown Knight, who tooke disdaine to be shooke in his saddle, albeit he saw it apparantly noted, and therefore it stood him to sit the surer.
1857 A. Trollope Barchester Towers xlvi He knew that it depended solely on his own wit whether or no he could throw the joke back upon the lady. He knew that it stood him to do so if he possibly could, but he had not a word.
1909 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) 19. To concern; to be of interest or advantage (to); as, it stood him to leave the country for a time.
24.
a. intransitive. To be or remain valid or in force; to apply, to hold true.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > foundation in fact, validity > be or remain valid [verb (intransitive)]
standOE
holdc1315
to hold out water1598
to run on all fours1617
hold water1622
to pass for (later as) sterling1641
ring1857
OE Laws of Cnut (Nero) ii. xxxiv. 336 And stande betux burgum an lagu æt ladunge.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 656 Ic bidde ealle þa ða æfter me cumen..þet ure gyfe mote standen.
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 9 For bote þat water his kende haue, Þat cristnynge may nauȝt stonde.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xv. l. 573 Owre lorde wrote it [sc. the Law] hym-selue, In stone, for it stydfast was and stonde sholde eure.
1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) i. xxx. 34 Yf he byquethe al his good to his owne lord, standyth the testament?
1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xiiii The last deuyse and wyll made by him shall stande and abyde.
a1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 343 Gif all promeisis had stand quhilk was maid be the king of scotland.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 149 A written Contract..would stand.
1758 S. Hayward Seventeen Serm. Introd. 19 The promise yet stands.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xii. 211 No English Parliament..would permit such laws as were now passing through the Irish Parliament to stand.
1906 Bull. Amer. Institut. Bank Clerks June 592 There have been exceptions to the rule, but the rule stands nonetheless.
2018 E. Castillo Amer. is not Heart 276 Hastily, Rosalyn added, You know. Uh. What I said before still stands. We don't have to be. Exclusive. There's no pressure.
b. intransitive. With prepositional phrase, adjective, or noun as complement, in the same sense, e.g. to stand in force, to stand law, etc.
ΚΠ
OE Wulfstan Institutes of Polity (Junius) 140 Riht is..þæt cyricgrið stande æghwær binnan wagum and gehalgodes cynincges handgrið efen unwemme.
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) l. 200 Assarachus hafde one broþer þat vnder wed-lac was ibore after þan heþene lawe þat stot in þan ilke dawe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6746 Qua stelis scep, or ox, or cu..Oxen fiue for an he pai, For a scep four, it stand for lai.
1442 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1442 §35. m. 2 That al grauntes of fees..leveyd of the said customes or subsidies, stand in thaire strengthe and force.
1581 W. Allen Apol. Two Eng. Colleges f. 42 No statute then that stood in force.
1586 in J. Morris Troubles Catholic Forefathers (1877) (modernized text) 3rd Ser. 87 Which common presumption always standeth good by their own law until the contrary be plainly and evidently proved.
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 182 That the decree, and purpose of God..might stand in force.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 602 Hear my Decree, which unrevok't shall stand . View more context for this quotation
1747 in Further Minutes of Evid. Nairne Peerage (1874) 148 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. D) XII. 199 The said obligation was..to stand in full force and virtue.
1890 Chambers's Jrnl. 27 Dec. 826/1 That charge of murder will not stand law.
1913 Proc. N.Y. State Hist. Assoc. 7 51 It still stands true that the experience of the past is the safest guide for the future.
2015 R. S. J. Martha Financial Obligation in Internat. Law xi. 143 Panama laid out in detail the legal arguments why the US position could not stand in law.
25. intransitive. To endure, last; to remain or continue unimpaired; (also) to flourish.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > have duration [verb (intransitive)] > endure, remain, persist, or continue
bidec893
lastOE
through-wonOE
ylasta1000
standOE
runOE
lastlOE
beleavec1200
abidec1275
cleavec1275
durec1275
dwell13..
endurec1386
perseverec1390
continuec1400
contunec1400
tarrya1450
remainc1455
perdure?a1475
rest1474
permanec1485
succeed1486
perpetuate1530
persist1531
demur1547
perduratea1558
weara1568
to hold it out1585
to hold out1585
abye1590
contain1592
live1592
perennate1623
to draw overa1700
exist1754
linger1764
to hang it out1939
the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > be permanent [verb (intransitive)]
standOE
stick1447
remainc1455
subsist1589
stay1593
stick1611
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xii. 26 Hu mæg þonne hys rice standan?
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 18190 Þatt ȝet ta stod stafflike witt. Amang iudisskenn þede. Off moysæsess laȝhe boc.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9221 Þair kingrik..þat had four hundret yeir stand.
c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iii. l. 249 (MED) Iche rewme..Sholde stable and stonde be þese þre degres.
1553 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique (1580) 28 If in other thynges we should bee as negligente, this Realme could not long stande.
1703 S. Wesley Let. from Country Divine 12 I was possessed with an intire belief..that Episcopacy would not stand long.
1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. vii. 223 How little either of his poetry, or of his criticism, or of his philosophy, can we expect permanently to stand!
1930 Jrnl. Philos. Stud. 5 68 The only reality that fulfils this test is the Absolute Brahman. It alone stands while everything else changes.
2015 China Jrnl. (Austral. National Univ.) No. 74. 179 The book will stand for a long time as the work to read on Eisenhower and China.
26. intransitive. Of a condition, process, etc.: to remain unchanged, neither progressing nor regressing; to be at a standstill. In later use only in to stand still.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > be unchanging [verb (intransitive)]
standc1275
inherea1617
settle1684
the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of things, actions, or processes > and not advance
standc1275
rest?a1534
stay1563
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1557 Heo..mornede swþe, & þus ane stonde hit stod æ ðon ilka.
c1410 (c1395) G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale (Harl. 7334) (1885) 1763 Now wolde god þat it were woxe night And þat þe night wold stonden [c1405 Hengwrt laste] euermo.
a1450 ( Libel Eng. Policy (Laud) in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 202 Ffor whiche they muste dresse hem to pease in haste, Or ellis there thrifte to standen and to waste.
?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns ii. xii. 40 But comynly in Homothena, the sekenes is stondyng tyll the seke man passe other to deth or to lyfe.
1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall v. 76 Euery houre addes unto that current Arithmetique, which scarce stands one moment.
1723 J. Swift Pethox in Poems 52 And while his Fate is in thy Hands, The Bus'ness of the Nation stands.
1883 Med. Times & Gaz. 24 Mar. 341/1 In a considerable number [of cases] the disease stood still, and in others appeared to be removed.
1976 G. W. Baer Test Case 116 Peterson made no progress..in his talks with Saint-Quentin. So the Paris talks stood still.
2015 M. Evenden Allied Power viii. 189 Beyond the core areas of war production.., hydro-electric development stood still during the war.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (intransitive)] > be carried out
to take placea1464
stand1488
to pass off1752
to rub off1784
to come off1826
society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > perform rite(s) [verb (intransitive)] > of ceremony: be performed
stand1488
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 571 Thar merket for till stand Thai fourty dayis for pepill off Ingland, Quha that likyt ony wyctaill till sell.
1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 295 On the morne my brydall suld haue stand.
1649 J. Lamont Diary (1830) 5 The mariage feast stoode at the place of the Weyms in Fyfe.
1828 Burd Isabel ix, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1892) IV. viii. 420 Her kirking and her fair wedding Shall baith stand on ae day.
a1868 Earl of Errol i, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1894) V. ix. 269 An they hae made a marrige o't, It stood at Earlstoon, O.
1899 J. Spence Shetland Folk-lore 189 In connection with a marriage there were the Spörin, the Contract, and the Bridal, which commonly ‘stood’ three days.
V. Of a thing: to be or remain still or stationary, and related senses.† 32. intransitive. Of a mixture or confection: to thicken, to become stiff or firm in consistency. Cf. standing adj. 2. Obsolete.
28. intransitive. Astronomy. Of a celestial object: to appear motionless in the night sky; (also Astrology (now chiefly historical) of the sun, a planet, or the moon) to appear in a certain position relative to a constellation of the zodiac or other celestial object. Chiefly with adjective, adverbial phrase, or prepositional phrase as complement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > move [verb (intransitive)] > appear fixed
standeOE
eOE Metres of Boethius (2009) xxix. 16 Ealle stiorran sigað æfter sunnan samod mid rodere under eorðan grund, he ana stent.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2137 An steorrne..stannt aȝȝ stille upp o þe lifft.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 1632 (MED) Þe mone was equat and stood In þe fifþe..hous.
a1450 St. Stephen & Herod (Sloane 2593) in H. C. Sargent & G. L. Kittredge Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1904) 41/1 He saw a sterre was fayr and bryȝt ouer Bedlem stonde.
1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn vi, in Poems 4 The Stars with deep amaze Stand fixt in stedfast gaze.
1707 Philos. Trans. 1706–7 (Royal Soc.) 25 2350 About the same Hour, it [sc. the Comet] was removed about a Degree and an Half from the Place where it stood, Westward, and a little to the South.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Lotos-eaters (rev. ed.) i, in Poems (new ed.) I. 175 Full-faced above the valley stood the moon.
1913 ‘J. F. Leroy’ Social Sci. in Light Solar Syst. x. 122 Jupiter stands in the 1st [sc. Sign] giving inventive ability.
2000 Wisconsin Newmonth Mag. Jan.–Feb. 23/1 The early February sky shows off a spectacular view of the crescent moon standing next to brilliant Venus in the morning sky.
29.
a. intransitive. Of a ship, etc.: to be moored by means of an anchor, to ride at anchor. In later use only in to stand at anchor.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor [verb (intransitive)] > anchor > lie at anchor
standOE
ridec1300
to lay at anchor1530
hove?c1550
OE St. Eustace (Julius) in W. W. Skeat Ælfric's Lives of Saints (1900) II. 200 Þa comon hi to sæ, and þær gemetton scip standan, and hi on þæt eodon.
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 1021 He let his schup stonde, & ȝede to londe.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2728 Þan hiȝed þei hem to þe hauen..þer stoden fele schippes.
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 2135 (MED) In the havyn..There stode shippes.
1665 G. Havers tr. P. della Valle Trav. E. India 231 All the next day we stood at anchor again, and took very good fish.
1788 E. Hervey Melissa & Marcia II. xiii. 63 Four ill-looking fellows jumped out of a small boat, which stood at anchor.
1884 C. Haliday Scand. Kingdom in Dublin p. lxv King Magnus's fleet stood at anchor off the northern coast to carry him to Norway.
2013 M. Gladstone Two Serpents Rise 236 Barges stood at anchor beyond the harbor's mouth.
b.
(a) intransitive. Of a machine, implement, etc.: to remain still or motionless; to stop moving, working, turning, etc.; not to be operated or used. Now only with adverb or adjective complement, e.g. idle, still.Quot. OE shows equivalent use of prefixed i-stand v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > be at a standstill > of a machine or vehicle
standc1175
the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of things, actions, or processes > specifically of a machine or mechanism
standc1175
to run down1665
stop1789
seize1878
to go phut1888
to cut out1910
conk1917
cut1938
trip out1940
phut1959
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [verb (intransitive)] > stop
standa1696
OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Julius) 6 Nov. (2013) 212 Þa gestod seo cweorn sona.]
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3643 Aȝȝ turrneþþ..þe wheol. & nohht ne stannt itt stille.
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. vii. l. 105 At heiȝ prime perkyn lette þe plouȝ stonde.
c1440 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Thornton) l. 266 Maye no mane stere hym of strenghe, whilles þe whele standis.
1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. B.iiiiv The ploughe standeth, there is no work done.
a1696 P. Henry in M. Henry Life (1825) x. 247 When the weight is off, the clock stands.
1757 tr. J. G. Keysler Trav. through Germany IV. lxxxiv. 71 At present the fire engine stands still.
1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions II. 476 During an hour..the pumps were allowed to ‘stand’.
1916 J. E. Homans Automobile Handbk. xvii. 189 An engine left standing inoperative in freezing weather will rapidly cool to atmospheric temperature.
2021 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 1 May 6 At Manchester's Royal Infirmary's intensive care unit..some of the machines stood idle for the first time in months.
(b) intransitive. With at and noun phrase as complement. Of a hand on a clock, or the clock, etc.: to point to or indicate a given time; (of a dial, etc.) to indicate a given number or value.
ΚΠ
1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village I. 222 As the hand of an unwound clock stands at one hour of the day.
1842 Life Chatterton in T. Chatterton Poet. Wks. I. p. l He was..sent to the office every morning at eight o'clock, where he remained..till the clock stood at the same hour in the evening.
1903 B. Stewart & W. W. H. Gee Less. Elem. Pract. Physics II. v. 231 Turn the scale until the pointer stands at zero.
1922 Everybody's Mag. Feb. 72/1 Just as the minute-hand stood at two minutes to three, the tall, commanding figure of Henry Cooley..came through the demolished door.
2014 Observer (Nexis) 28 Sept. 14 Its..famous church—where the clock no longer stands at ten to three, as in the rhyming couplet at the end of Brooke's poem The Old Vicarage, Grantchester.
c. intransitive. Of a vehicle: to remain stationary, to wait; (of a taxi, bus, train, etc.) to remain in a particular place waiting for a fare, or for the agreed or scheduled time to start.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport by vehicles plying for hire > [verb (intransitive)] > stand waiting to be hired
stand1615
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > travel on (public vehicle) [verb (intransitive)] > ply on a certain route (of vehicle) > stand waiting for time to start
stand1615
1615 W. Smith Hector of Germany sig. G4v Hee shalbe..made a Foole, to stand wayting at the foredore where the Coach stands, while the Lord steales out at the back-dore by water.
1665 in F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (1907) II. 241 The Black Swan in Holborn where the Alisbury and other coaches stand.
1795 Monthly Rev. May 76 [In Pekin] there are no carriages standing in the streets for the convenience of the inhabitants, like our hackney coaches in London.
1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay viii. 118 Before his astonished companion could reply he was beside the vehicle, which was still standing.
1912 Automobile 4 July 53/2 Owners of vehicles must not allow them to stand for any great length of time unattended.
2019 Irish Times (Nexis) 4 Mar. 13 The train standing at Platform 4 gave ‘Connolly’ as its destination.
d. intransitive. Of a mine, factory, etc., or its workers: to stop production, to be at a standstill (for a specified period of time). Now only in to stand still.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > [verb (intransitive)] > be at standstill
stand1733
society > occupation and work > work > times or periods of work > work at specific times or periods [verb (intransitive)] > stop work
to shut (one's) shop-windowc1478
to shut up one's shop1560
unyoke1594
to put up the shutters1877
to shut down1877
strike1890
stand1892
to knock off1916
1733 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1890) VIII. 202 The Treasurer to pay £22.15. for the Milne standing tenn weeks.
1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom I. 170 Several Cornish mines are now standing..because they cannot be carried on with profit while coal is so dear.
1892 Black & White 12 Mar. 331/1 If they [sc. the colliers] ‘stand’ for a fortnight.
1892 Standard 28 Apr. 7/5 Works which stood all last week for holidays being now restarted.
1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 126/2 Stand, to be stopped, not to be going..‘T' mines is standin sin lest week’—laid idle.
2015 E. Friss Cycling City (2020) i. 32 Factories stood still and nervous capitalists watched industrial demand sag.
30.
a. intransitive. Of a liquid: to stop flowing; (esp. of water) to collect and remain motionless, be stagnant (cf. standing adj. 1a). Also figurative and in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > fact of being still or not flowing > be still or cease flowing [verb (intransitive)]
standOE
stint1340
stanchc1400
restagnate1651
stagnate1669
OE Phoenix 185 Ðonne wind ligeð,..beoð wolcen towegen, wætra þryþe stille stondað.
lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. xxxv. 336 Se hearpere [sc. Orpheus]..hearpode þæt ða wudas bifodon and þa ea stodon.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke viii. 44 And a non the flix of hir blood stood [a1425 Magdalene Coll. Cambr. ceesed].
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 8v (MED) Al þe Reynez in degree be vnder þe splene for þe grossenez of blode þat standeþ in þe splene.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Stagno, proprely of water is to stande and not to flowe.
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 401/2 Lacuna,..a ditch wherein water standeth.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 432 Where Ufens glides along the lowly Lands, Or the black Water of Pomptina stands.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Sir Galahad i, in Poems (new ed.) II. 174 When the tide of combat stands.
1899 S. J. Cotes Path of Star xv. 160 The garden where heavy scents stood in the sun.
1983 Rural Lakes Project Handbk. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) 1983 8 A pool of sewage standing in your backyard..is a clear indication that some remedial action must be taken.
2012 P. Knox Palimpsests 160/1 Sections of the levees protecting New Orleans were breached from storm surges, flooding 80 per cent of the city, including all of the Lower 9th, where..the water stood for up to six weeks.
b. intransitive. With prepositional or adverbial phrase as complement. Of land, a ditch, etc.: to be full of standing or stagnant water.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > body of water > still or standing water > contain stagnant water [verb (transitive)]
stand1601
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. vi. xxvii. 138 The countrey Elemais is so fennie, and standeth with water so wet, that there is no way through it to Persis.
1718 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1902) VI. 229 The Ditch about the Camp stands with water, except in a dry time.
1828 Gardener's Mag. Aug. 235 The [asparagus] beds were covered from the alleys every autumn, leaving the latter pretty deep, and these stood full of water all winter.
1923 M. N. Stanard Richmond: People & Hist. xxix. 180 Roads were deep in mud, fields standing in water.
2019 @MamaFranks01 23 Nov. in twitter.com (accessed 9 July 2021) I went to Hadleigh..today and driving through the lanes some of the field headlands were standing with water.
31.
a. intransitive. Of a liquid, mixture, or other substance: to be left unshaken or unstirred; to be left undisturbed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > fact of being still or not flowing > be still or cease flowing [verb (intransitive)] > in a vessel
standeOE
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xlvii. 116 Læt standan þone drenc nihterne on fate ær mon hine drincan wille.
a1350 Recipe Painting in Archæol. Jrnl. (1844) 1 64 Tac brasyl and seoth in dichwatur..ant let hit stonde vorte hit beo colt.
?a1475 Noble Bk. Cookry (1882) 101 Sye it throughe a clothe and let yt stond and setelle.
?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. R.ii Such thynges are neuer mynystred excepte they haue stonde [1585 N iij b, stoode] setteled a good, whyle after commixtion.
1673 Gentlewomans Compan. 136 Strain it [sc. the Jelly], and so let it stand for your use.
1852 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 13 i. 37 The first milk is set..to stand for cream.
1914 Jrnl. Amer. Pharmaceut. Assoc. Mar. 404 The sulphuric acid should show a slightly green fluorescence after the mixture has stood for twenty-four hours.
1988 Weekend Argus (Cape Town) 1 Oct. 22 You take the honeycomb with the young bees still in it and strain it through a cloth by pouring hot water over it..mix in some bread and let it stand.
2011 L. Chattman Bread Making 226 Let the dough stand for 10 minutes to absorb the water.
b. intransitive. Of tea: to infuse or ‘draw’ before it is drunk.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > preparation of drinks > [verb (intransitive)] > make tea > stand on leaves (of tea)
stand1819
stew1906
mast1963
1819 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. Apr. 342/1 Tea should stand five minutes after the water is poured upon it.
1933 E. A. Robertson Ordinary Families vii. 162 Well, I'll get Olive to bring some fresh tea, then. This has been standing rather a long time.
1976 L. Henderson Major Enq. xii. 76 It will be ready soon. I like tea to stand properly, don't you?
2003 M. B. Kijac South Amer. Table 54/2 Let the tea stand for three minutes for weak tea and five minutes for stronger tea.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consistency of food > [verb (intransitive)] > be stiff or thick
standa1450
to be able to trot a mouse on it1936
a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 13 Take Wyne an Canel, & a gret dele of Whyte Sugre..& hete it hote..an loke þat it stonde wyl with Sugre.
33. † b. intransitive. With prepositional or adverbial phrase as complement. Of the eyes, mouth, etc.: to water; (of the eyes) to fill with tears. Obsolete (archaic and rare in later use).Recorded earliest in to stand a water; cf. to run a water.
a. intransitive. With prepositional phrase as complement. Of a tear or tears: to remain collected (in the eyes) without falling; (of perspiration, etc.) to remain in drops on the skin.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [verb (transitive)] > of humour: remain in drops
stand1530
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretion of sweat > sweat [verb (intransitive)] > remain in drops
stand1530
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > lachrymal organs > flow [verb (intransitive)] > stand
stand1530
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 733/1 He dyd nat wepe that I sawe, but the water stode in his eyes.
1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades vi. 119 She smiles therewith, yet in hir eyes the water ful doth stand.
1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) vi. L 3 She..gathers poisonous filth, and slime that stands On the cold ioynts.
1673 Gentlewomans Compan. 71 Do not venture to eat Spoon-meat so hot, that the tears stand in your eyes.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 268 This he spoke so earnestly, that I saw Tears stand in his Eyes.
1841 H. W. Longfellow Excelsior v A tear stood in his bright blue eye.
1849 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 16 226/1 Cold drops stood on my brow.
1922 Tech, Rev. Nov. 45/1 With tears standing in my aged eyes, and a voice palpitating with emotion, I acknowledge the justice of his comment.
2001 Guardian (Nexis) 18 June (Features section) 22 Beads of sweat stood on Clarkson's brow like a pearl tiara.
ΚΠ
1605 G. Chapman et al. Eastward Hoe ii. sig. D Gods my dignitie! as I am a Lady, if he did not make me blush so that mine eyes stood awater.
1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 103 I have two brace of Trouts, that would make a Cockney's Teeth stand a Water and spring a Leek.
1720 tr. Force of Friendship in Select Coll. Novels II. 303 At this, Donna Theodora, whose Eyes stood with Tears, wip'd them with her Handkerchief.
1842 M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer Neighbours II. xxiii. 290 She would have smiled at him, but her eyes stood full of tears.
1917 P. L. Curran Sorry Tale iii. i. 460 Mary arose, and her eyes stood filled of tears.
VI. Of a thing: to remain more or less entire or intact, and related senses.† 35. intransitive. Nautical. With all as subject. With reference to a ship: to be or remain fully rigged or equipped. Obsolete except in all standing at Phrases 3c(a).† 36. intransitive. Farriery. Of the eye: to retain sight or function. Obsolete. rare.† 37. intransitive. Of a pigment or dye: to keep its colour; not to blot or run. Obsolete.
34. † c. intransitive. Of a mechanism or device: to hold together, to stay in place, to resist wear or damage. Obsolete. rare.
a. intransitive. Of a building, structure, etc.: to remain upright and more or less entire, rather than fall into ruin or be destroyed. Also in figurative contexts. Now chiefly with adjective or adverb complement.Also occasionally with noun phrase as complement indicating the period of time spent remaining upright (see e.g. quot. 1857).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > state of being undecayed > remain undecayed [verb (intransitive)]
standOE
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1009 Oft hi on þa buruh Lundene fuhton. Ac si Gode lof þæt heo gyt gesund stent.
lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. xii. 264 Ne mæg hus naht lange standan on þam hean munte gif hit full ungametlic [read ungemetlic] wind gestent.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7751 Þenne mihte he [sc. the wall] stonde to þere worlde longe.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 1276 Þe king..wule londone bisegede uaste..Ac þo he hurde þat þe romeins icome were to þis londe, To hom he wende hasteliche & let londone stonde.
c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 55 (heading) How Vortiger..biganne þere a castel, þat wolde nouȝt stande wiþouten morter temprede wiþ mannes blode.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 281v The trenches and bulwerkes of his enemies campe was standing whole.
1562 Bp. J. Pilkington Expos. Abdyas Pref. 8 The winds blow boustously, yet stand faste the low busshes when the great ookes are overthrowen.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 636 Faire wals, which are partly yet standing.
1798 R. W. Miller in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. p. clvi She also had only a foremast standing at daylight.
a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) ii. 58 The props of my affections were remov'd, And yet the building stood, as if sustain'd By its own spirit!
1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art ii. 98 The marble would have stood its two thousand years as well in the polished statue as in the Parian cliff.
1905 P. Landon Lhasa I. 280 It was a relief to find that the stone causeway..was standing intact.
2002 M. McGrath Silvertown (2003) i. 5 At the bottom of Chrisp Street..the monolithic pile of the Poplar Baths still stands, though the building is derelict and surrounded by razor wire.
b. intransitive. Of the world: to continue to exist; to remain stable, to last. Chiefly in while (also as long as, so long as) the world stands. Now somewhat archaic and rare.
ΚΠ
OE Phoenix 89 Næfre him deaþ sceþeð on þam willwonge, þenden woruld stondeþ.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) l. 542 Of marbre-stan a temple þet schal a stonden hwil þet te worlt stont.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 558 (MED) The world..may no while stonde full, Though that it seme wel besein.
c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) 587 Ȝe were alle..bred of þat modur Þat is stable to stonde.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. viii. 13 Whill the worlde stondeth [So 1611; Gk. εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα].
1598 R. Bernard tr. Terence Adelphi i. ii, in Terence in Eng. 274 Neuer was there since the world stood, any thing more vnreasonable.
1657 J. Stalham Reviler Rebuked i. 85 He [sc. Christ] that was the way yesterday, is the same to day, and for ever, while the world standeth, to lead men out of the fall.
a1758 J. Edwards Remarks Important Theol. Controv. (1796) ii. 91 That which lasts as long as the world stands, is sometimes said to be for ever.
1896 T. D. Talmage Earth Girdled Pref. 40 Surely upon no platform since the world stood have there been gathered so many different styles of belief.
1998 H. A. Buchanan And Goat Cried 30 He had lost the sycamore trees and the rock wall his grandpappy built to establish the boundary line for as long as the world stands.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > strength > not give way [verb (intransitive)]
stand1768
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 156 But I fear, friend! said I, this buckle won't stand.
1914 Rep. Appellate Court Indiana 52 243 The chain was used to pull cars until the spring of 1907, during which time the chain stood without breaking.
ΚΠ
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. 17 Shall we get down our Top-masts? No, let all stand.
1791 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse §243 We began to heave in our ground chain,..and, it being nine p.m. concluded to let all stand till the next morning... Found all standing as we left it.
1824 Sweepings of my Study 43 The ship being described as without injury to hull, masts, sails, or rigging; or to employ the sailor's phrase, as having all standing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [verb (intransitive)] > preserve sight
stand1740
1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. i. 13 I must return to a Description of the Eye that I think most likely to stand (as we term it).
1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. i. 15 When the Fibres of the Iris and Uvea are of such Contexture as to represent a bright Silver Colour, we find by Experience that the Eye stands longest.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > dyeing > [verb (intransitive)] > not run or wash out
stand1764
1764 T. H. Croker et al. Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. I. at Dyeing The green produced by the mixture will not stand.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 731 Vermilion..stands tolerably well if perfectly pure.
1883 R. Haldane Workshop Receipts 2nd Ser. 336 Most of the black Indian ink..blots when a damp brush is passed over it; or, as draughtsmen say, ‘it does not stand’.
1929 Chem. Age 21 553 Another question which is often asked is : ‘Well, how long will the colour stand?’
VII. Senses relating to motion or direction in a fixed or steady course.† 38. intransitive. Of light: to issue in a beam or shaft. Also (rarely) of steam: to issue. Obsolete.† 39. intransitive. With prepositional or adjectival phrase as complement. Of an arrow, sword, etc.: to be fixed or stuck in a particular place after penetrating; to penetrate. Also of a stroke or ‘dint’ of a sword: to strike, penetrate. Obsolete.† 42. intransitive. Archery. Of an arrow: to fly steadily when shot; to be placed in the bow in such a manner as to ensure it will fly steadily when shot. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > shine [verb (intransitive)] > emit rays > be emitted in the form of rays
standOE
ray1598
shoot1693
radiatea1704
pencila1774
OE Beowulf (2008) 726 Him of eagum stod..leoht unfæger.
OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) v. 221 Him stod stincende steam of þam muþe.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 591 Of hise mouth it stod a stem, Als it were a sunnebem.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8160 A lem fra þe wandes stode.
a1425 Life St. Alexius (Laud 463) (1878) l. 439 Out of his mouþ þer stoed a leom Brighter þan þe sonne beom.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > strike with sharp weapon [verb (intransitive)] > of weapon: penetrate > be fixed at place where it penetrated
standOE
OE Beowulf (2008) 1434 Sumne Geata leod of flanbogan feores getwæfde..þæt him on aldre stod herestræl hearda.
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 8134 King Malgar on þe heued he gert Þat þe dent stode at þe hert.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 5264 With his swerd droppende of blod, The which withinne his douhter stod.
a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) 3681 He smot anoþir..Þat he clef his basnet At his chyn stod þe dunt.
c1450 (a1400) Libeaus Desconus (Calig. A.ii) (1969) l. 1170 (MED) Þe lord a strok hym sette..Þ[r]ouȝ helm and basnet, Þat yn þe scheld [a1500 Lamb. skolle] hyt stode.
1628 G. Sandys tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (rev. ed.) viii. 215 Tegaea drew, which flew as swift as sight: Below his eare the fixed arrow stood, And staind his bristles with a little blood.
1714 tr. in R. Steele Poet. Misc. 275 Fix'd in his Throat th'envenom'd Arrow stood, And sacred Fire ran circling thro' his Blood.
40. intransitive. Of the wind: to blow from, or be in, a particular quarter; to continue to blow, to blow favourably. Also of the weather: to be favourable. Now chiefly archaic and rare. Cf. sit v. 24a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > blow (of the wind) [verb (intransitive)]
blowc1000
standc1275
waffc1440
respire?a1475
fan1600
suffle1622
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > blow (of the wind) [verb (intransitive)] > blow from a particular quarter
standc1275
sitc1400
lie1604
hang1671
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 892 Wind stod on willen.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. 3550 Þe next Marche folowand he suld tak þat way, if wynde wild with him stand, at Marsile to aryue.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 4392 (MED) Whan þei seye þat þe wedir stood, Þe wynde also at her lust þei hadde, Þei gan to saille.
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. v. sig. Hii If the wynde stande in that doore, it standth a wry.
a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 77 The wind stood most easterly.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 16 The Wind is fair, though but little; he comes well, as if he would stand.
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. viii. 155 If the gale stood.
1708 London Gaz. No. 4417/2 [They] will sail for the River, as soon as the Wind stands fair.
1856 Lowell (Mass.) Daily Citizen & News 18 Oct. During several days the wind stood in the same quarter.
1999 Daily Mail (Nexis) 13 Mar. 54 The sailing school rang to report that the wind stood fair for two hours of gentle scudding across the estuary in a Wayfarer.
41. † a. intransitive. Of a person: to go, proceed (in a specified direction). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)]
thinkeOE
bowa1000
seta1000
scritheOE
minlOE
turnc1175
to wend one's wayc1225
ettlec1275
hieldc1275
standc1300
to take (the) gatec1330
bear?c1335
applyc1384
aim?a1400
bend1399
hita1400
straighta1400
bounc1400
intendc1425
purposec1425
appliquec1440
stevenc1440
shape1480
make1488
steera1500
course1555
to make out1558
to make in1575
to make for ——a1593
to make forth1594
plyc1595
trend1618
tour1768
to lie up1779
head1817
loop1898
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 1179 Ifond horn child stonde To schupeward in londe.
a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) 13301 (MED) Arthur..wolde nought to bataille stande Til hym com more help til hande.
1829 J. Shipp Mem. Mil. Career II. 87 We were directed by our general to let them go... They bowed a hundred times..; then stood towards their village.
b. intransitive. Nautical. With adverb or prepositional phrase as complement. Of a vessel, hence also of its commander, crew, etc.: to sail, steer, direct one's course (in a specified direction or to a specified place). Also transitive with cognate object: to direct (one's course).See also to stand along, to stand away 2 at Phrasal verbs 1, to stand for —— 6 at Phrasal verbs 2, to stand with —— 6 at Phrasal verbs 2.On the past tense form stowed in quot. 1633, see note at Forms 2a.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction
steer1340
stem1487
capea1522
lie1574
put1578
bear1587
rut1588
haul1589
fetch1590
standa1594
to stand along1600
to bear away1614
work1621
to lay up1832
a1594 J. White in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1600) III. 291 The 30 we lost sight of the coast of Florida, and stood to Sea for to gaine the helpe of the current which runneth much swifter a farre off then in sight of the coast.
1599 J. Davis in S. Purchas Hakluytus Posthumus (1625) I. iii. 134 We left these Ilands, and stood our course, as neere as we could lye for India.
1627 J. Taylor Famous Fight at Sea in Wks. (1630) iii. 39/1 We gaue him a whole broad-side..tacking forthwith, and standing after him.
1633 T. James Strange Voy. 18 Wee stowed alongst it [sc. floating ice], hoping to weather it.
c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 171 The weather being yet so fowle, that for two houres at least we dast not stand in to the haven.
1705 tr. W. Bosman New Descr. Coast of Guinea ii. 13 The Ship..being bound..to touch at Curacao before it stands its Course homewards.
1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 280 We immediately..stood towards her, and I believe if she had..stood from us, we should have found it very difficult to have come up with her.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Athwart We discovered a fleet..standing athwart us, i.e. steering across our way.
1823 W. Scoresby Jrnl. Voy. Northern Whale-fishery 2 We took sail, and stood into the river.
1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 107 The Roman fleet..stood right across the Mediterranean to the nearest point of Africa.
1932 Sperryscope 10/1 The big sailing ship stood steadily out of the harbour of Valhalla.
2015 A. Du Port Yacht Owner's Man. xii. 123 Most of the time you don't need to know your exact geographical position, but you do need to know that you are in safe water and not standing into danger.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > competitive shooting > archery > practise archery [verb (intransitive)] > of arrow: fly steadily from bow
stand1801
1801 T. Roberts Eng. Bowman 294 An arrow is said to stand (or to stand in) a bow, when it flies from it steadily, and without shaking or flirting.
1801 T. Roberts Eng. Bowman 294 To Stand in the wind, to stand across the wind.
1831 T. Hastings Brit. Archer 127 An arrow stands in the bow, if it be placed so as to fly from it steadily.
VIII. Senses relating to cost or money. [Compare classical Latin stāre, constāre, both in sense ‘to cost, to be worth’.] † 45. Horse Racing.
43. † a. transitive. With high, dear. To cost (a person) a high or dear price. Obsolete. [Carlyle's use (quot. 1864) is probably after German einem (or einen) hoch (or teuer) zu stehen kommen, in the same sense (17th cent. or earlier).]
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > high price or rate > [verb (transitive)] > cost (one) high price
standc1390
to cost one (dear) in the setting on1594
to pay sauce1659
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. iii. l. 49 We han a wyndow in worching wol stonden [B text c1400 Laud 581 sitten] vs ful heiȝe.
a1658 J. Durham Unsearchable Riches Christ (1685) 132 The prices are fallen wonderfully low: that which stood him very dear is to be had by them Gratis very freely.
1762 tr. J. B. Bossuet Hist. France III. 11 The King neglected to recover it for a little money.., and that parsimony afterward stood him very dear.
1864 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia IV. xv. iii. 41 His Father and he; have stood these Bavarian Countries very high.
1890 L. Hug & R. Stead Switzerland xxvi. 313 Louvois complained to him that his Swiss troops stood him dear, that for the money they had cost him..the road could be paved with crown-pieces from Paris to Basel.
b. With complement indicating price. To cost (a person) a specified price. Now rare (in later use chiefly slang or regional).
(a) transitive. With adverb or preposition. Chiefly (now only) in to stand (a person) in.
ΚΠ
1421 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) II. 259 We put in writing before yow the value of owre stok yt it stode us heer in this land un to the somme of xiij ml. li.
1467 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 423 I made delyver heme a newe dobelete that stode me in v s.
1471 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 570 The fense must stand yow on xij mark by the lest wey.
1544 in J. Gairdner & R. H. Brodie Lett. & Papers Reign Henry VIII (1903) (modernized text) XIX. i. 445 Here they shall stand the King not in one penny.
a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 80 Sheepe that are fedde all the summer longe in our closes stande us to 3s...a peece.
1651 H. L'Estrange Answer Marques of Worcester's Paper Ep. Ded. It will be in some sort an Answer to God for the time it stood me in.
1713 R. Steele in Guardian 17 June 1/2 It has not stood me in above a Button.
1764 Museum Rusticum (1765) 3 11 His stakes will not stand him, besides his labour, to more than half a farthing each.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xli. 450 It'll stand you in a pound a-week.
1875 M. E. Braddon Hostages to Fortune II. viii. 168 It only stands me in seven and sixpence.
1977 G. F. Newman Prisoner's Tale xiii. 150 He'll tell you whether it can be done and how much it will stand you in.
(b) transitive. Without adverb or preposition.
ΚΠ
1542 in J. H. Glover Kingsthorpiana (1883) 82 An acre of lande sown in reye stondeth the tenant in sowing vii shillings at the lest.
1671 J. Lamont Diary (1830) 224 The new bake howse..stood in workmanship, dales, iyronworke, and nayls, above 300 merks Scots.
1710 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) VI. 545 The company [were] ordered to bring in a modest computation of what their forts and castles have stood them.
1801 Farmer's Mag. Jan. 110 Good soup is delivered out at 1d. per quart, which stands the subscribers 2½d.
1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 552 This horse stands me two hundred dollars at least.
1953 A. J. Liebling Honest Rainmaker xii. 120 A good carnation now will stand you forty cents.
1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 331/2 Stand.., cost, e.g. It stood me five pounds.
c. intransitive. With adverb or preposition. To cost a specified price. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1457 W. Worcester in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 170 That my maister shud be lerned whate hys housold standyth vppon yerlye.
1546 O. Johnson in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 174 Thay stond in above 4li sterling a peise.
1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Eviv I haue knowen the very nedle work of some one payre of these bootehose to stand, some in. iiii. pound, vi. pound, and some in x. pound a peece.
1737 H. Bracken Farriery Improved xix. 285 This Ball would stand in five or six Shillings a Day.
1845 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 6 ii. 526 This concern stands in 70l.
1992 Guardian (Nexis) 28 Mar. (Tabloid section) 9 We drive straight to Selfridges and buy an old-fashioned, brass pair that work a treat but stood in £44.99.
44. colloquial or slang.
a. transitive. To give (a sum of money) to someone. Now somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > give money
tip1610
stand1781
1781 Belle's Stratagem i. viii. 15 I'll try what Letitia can do—she may perhaps stand fifty or so.
1844 C. Dickens Let. 22 July (1977) IV. 157 If you should decide to come, I will very gladly stand £10 of this Thirty.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xiii. 106 I'll give you a hundred next month, when I know my father will stand something handsome.
1914 G. B. Shaw Fanny's Last Play i, in Misalliance 177 I cant pay the fine and get him out; but if youll stand 3 pounds I'll stand one; and thatll do it.
1970 G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard viii. 214 Friends able to stand five-thousand pounds surety for his bail.
b. transitive. To pay for or treat to (something); esp. to pay for (someone's food or drink) as a gift or treat; to buy (a round of drinks). Also with double object, as in to stand (a person) (a drink, etc.) ‘to pay for a person's drink, etc.’Recorded earliest in to stand treat. See also to stand one's hand, to stand the racket, to stand Sam, to stand shot.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)] > bear or defray the cost of
quitc1275
maintaina1425
pay1446
fray1450
abye1503
price?a1513
be1520
to stand to ——1540
disburse1548
defray1581
discharge1587
reimburse1591
discount1647
to be at the charge(s of1655
to pay off1711
stand1808
pop1947
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [verb (transitive)] > stand drink
stand1808
shout1855
1808 European Mag. & London Rev. July 20/1 He was taken into custody, and conveyed a prisoner to the same citadel where he had displayed his rhetoric and stood treat.
1840 W. M. Thackeray Shabby Genteel Story ii I'll stand glasses round to his jolly good health!
1873 Appleton's Jrnl. 4 Jan. 49/2 If one has not earned much, the other will stand him a ten-cent supper.
1905 H. W. Phillips Plain Mary Smith iv. 57 F your ol' man 'll stand a drink an' a new shirt we 'll call it square.
1964 Daily Tel. 29 Sept. 19/4 Princess Margaret..promised to-day to stand a round of drinks if ever she spilt beer on a member of the Christian IV Guild.
2021 @DirtySouth15 8 June in twitter.com (accessed 30 July 2021) Shout out to the Random Lad who stood me a pint when I found out too late it was a cash bar on Saturday.
c. transitive. To pay for or treat (a person); to treat (a person) to something. Somewhat rare.
ΚΠ
1894 M. Dyan All in Man's Keeping I. xiv. 215 Sit down here, and I'll stand you both.
1986 tr. I. Weissenberg Shtetl in R. R. Wisse Shtetl & other Yiddish Novellas 72 Maybe a ‘brother’ would stand them to a meal or lend them a little money.
2019 S. Schorrow Drinking Boston (new ed.) 173 Soon after his election, Governor Mitt Romney, a famously devout, teetotalling Mormon, came by to stand everyone to drinks here.
a. transitive. To bet (a sum of money) on a race. Obsolete.In quot. 1795 also: to stake or bet money on (a race).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > bet on [verb (transitive)] > bet (money, etc.)
laya1300
wed1362
to lay downc1430
setc1460
jeopardc1470
wage1484
holda1500
pary?a1505
to stake down1565
stake1591
gagec1598
bet?a1600
go1607
wagera1616
abet1617
impone1702
sport1706
stand1795
gamble1813
parlay1828
ante1846
to put on1890
plunge1919
1795 S. Chifney Genius Genuine 32 Mr. Lake..again repeated that if the Prince did not like to stand the match, he would stand every guinea of it himself.
1804 S. Chifney Genius Genuine (new ed.) 155 The fellow had asked him to stand fifty guineas with him on the match.
1826 New Monthly Mag. 16 375 Made up my mind..to stand something about the double event, if I could get any thing worth having.
1891 G. Chetwynd Racing Reminisc. I. 139 I determined at any rate not to back Springfield, and to stand ten pounds with my friend.
b. transitive. To bet money on (a horse) in a race, to back. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > bet on [verb (transitive)]
back1697
to put one's money on1847
to put one's shirt on1856
play1858
lump1864
lay1877
stand1877
to get on ——1884
to bet (also stake) one's shirt (that)1892
to go a (or the) bundle on1938
1877 Truth 6 Sept. 300/2 Neither ‘the public’ nor ‘the talent’ are likely to stand him, which, however, is a fact rather in his favour than otherwise. He is one of the very few horses engaged whom we know to be sure, at all events, to stay the course.
1890 Daily News 10 Dec. 3/7 Backers were also well on the mark in standing Alfred for the Park selling Hurdle.
1892 Standard 25 July 2/5 If Milford runs I shall stand him to carry his 12lb. penalty successfully.
1920 Country Life 17 July 100/2 Milesius..accounted for such smart performers as Thunderer, Monarch and Cylette, and he is such a magnificent individual that I shall stand him to win to-morrow.
46.
a. intransitive. With noun complement, with the sense ‘when what is denoted by the noun is taken into account; considering or in view of what is denoted by the noun’. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1390 W. Hilton Mixed Life (Vernon) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 268 (MED) For ȝif þise men, stondynge þe charge & þe bond þat þei han take, wolde leue vtturly þe bisynes of þe world..þei do not wel, for þei kepe not þe ordre of charite.
c1528 T. Wolsey in Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation: 1st Pt. (1679) Rec. ii. 52 Which I suppose neither his Holiness nor any true Christian Man can do, standing the manifest occasions, presumptions, and apparent evidences to the contrary.
1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 720/1 I can not..perceyue what counsayle Tyndall can geue any manne towarde saluacion, standyng his frantike heresies agaynst free will.
b. intransitive. As the first word of a clause, with the sense ‘taking into account the fact that, considering that, since’. Also with that. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 8 (MED) Standyng alle erthli thinges be deceyuable, we schal haue in contynuel mynde the tyme for to come, which is withoute ende.
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 205 (MED) Stondynge ȝe wyl not graunt me grace, but for my synne that I xal dye, I pray ȝow kylle me here in þis place.
a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) i. f. xvii Thynkynge that it was impossyble for them to optayne and wynne the sayd lande, standynge that the people were so myghty and stronge.
a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 59/1 And yt he could not well otherwise do, standing that ye Earle of warwik had so far moued already.
47. With noun complement.
a. intransitive. With the sense ‘while what is denoted by the noun exists, continues, or endures’. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1425 Of Mynystris in Chirche (Bodl. 788) in T. Arnold Sel. Eng. Wks. J. Wyclif (1871) II. 401 As fier wolde ever brenne, stondinge þe mater of fier, so synne wolde ever growe, but ȝif Crist wiþdrouȝ þe mater.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 554 Not eny yuel, which mai not eesili be remedied, stonding al the good which bifore is rehercid to come bi the same bildingis.
?a1450 (?c1400) Lay Folks' Catech. (Lamb.) (1901) 16 (MED) He [sc. Christ] becom man, stondynge his godhed, þat he myȝt not lese.
a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCvv For otherwyse (standynge the ordynate iustyce of god) he myght neuer haue..goten by meryt suche hye..dignitie.
1569 Abp. M. Parker Let. 1 July in Corr. (1853) (modernized text) 353 I think he should do this thing..better cheap than they may be bought from beyond the seas, standing the paper and goodness of his print.
b. intransitive. With the sense ‘during that which is denoted by the noun’. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1512 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 609 Duryng the contynuaunce of the seid werkes and standyng the lyff and helth of the said John Wastell.
?a1534 H. Medwall Nature i. sig. bi Standyng the nonage of thys gentylman.
Phrases
P1. With prepositional phrase as complement.† c. to stand in terms.† e. to stand upon no ground: (of a horse) (probably) to rear up. Obsolete.
a. † (b) to stand in (little, no, etc.) stead: to be of (little, no, etc.) use, advantage, or benefit. Obsolete.
(a) to stand (a person or thing) in (good, etc.) stead: to be of (good, etc.) use, advantage, or benefit to (a person or thing). Cf. to stand (a person) in (great, †no, etc.) serviceNow chiefly in to stand a person in good stead. N.E.D. (1915) noted that this phrase was now only ‘in literary rather than familiar use’.In earlier uses without good, etc., sometimes written or printed as to stand instead.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > be advantageous or beneficial to [verb (transitive)]
helpc1000
goodOE
steadc1175
to do (one) boot?c1225
advancec1330
profitc1330
availc1384
servea1398
vaila1400
vailc1400
prevail1442
advantage?1459
vantagec1460
bootc1540
benefit1549
conduce?1577
to serve (one) in some, no stead1601
bonify1603
answer1756
better1833
to stand to ——1841
to stand (a person or thing) in (good, etc.) stead1887
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 267 But for it stood hem but litel in stede [L. sed quia parum profecerunt].
c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 142 Strengþe stont vs in no stide.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. 4960 Better is holy bede of man þat right lyues, & standes vs in more stede þan alle þe gode he gyues.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 514 If thilk gouernaunce..stondith to him in miche goostli stide.
a1500 (?c1400) Sir Gowther (Adv.) (1886) l. 717 He..stod pore folke in styd.
1539 T. Wriothesley in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VIII. 160 Soo that his advise therein could stande them in small stede.
1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. iii. ix. 44 Iosephus him selfe, that hath stoode vs in so great steade, for the furnishing of this our present historye.
1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building 1 Some Principles thereon, which may stand the lovers of it instead.
1665 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1912) 3rd Ser. 241 Our good intentions stand us in little stead.
1730 Let. to Sir W. Strickland relating to Coal Trade 25 It will therefore stand them in stead to consider, whether they be likely to gain anything by the Exchange.
1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 112 That excuse shan't stand you in stead.
1887 W. Westall tr. ‘A. Laurie’ Capt. Trafalgar i. 13 Continual practice stood me in better stead than whole volumes of theory.
1902 Centenary Hugh Miller 79 Prior to the introduction of railways its [sc. Cromarty's] excellent harbour stood it in good stead.
2017 S. Westwood & S. Moss Wonderland 9 Rats have a highly developed fear of anything new or unusual..which stands them in good stead in a world where humans make every effort to kill them.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > be useful [verb (intransitive)]
to stand much in stallc1250
to stand in (little, no, etc.) steadc1390
minister1696
c1390 (?a1350) Trental St. Gregory (Vernon(1)) l. 151 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 266 God graunte me, Modur, þe stonde in stede Aȝeynes þe synnes þat euer þou dude.
?a1425 Constit. Masonry (Royal 17 A.i) l. 679 in J. O. Halliwell Early Hist. Freemasonry in Eng. (1844) 37 They schul be told to stonde yn stede, When thou hast therto gret nede.
1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre i. cxci. sig. l ivv But yf we must warre in playne and champyon countryes, then horsemen be moost necessarye. For fotemen wyll stande in lytle steade and vse.
1650 J. Howell Addit. Lett. vii. 12 in Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 2) If Love be fire, to light this Indian weed, The Donor's Love of fire may stand in steed.
1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms (lxii. 9 Paraphr.) 310 It standeth in no stead, and so disappoints those that depend on it.
1772 G. Whitefield Serm. xxxii, in Wks. VI. 11 Thy wealth and grandeur will stand in no stead.
(c) to stand in a person's stead: to take the place of a person; to act as a deputy or representative for someone. Also with a thing as that which is replaced. Also to stand in (the) stead of a person.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > be a substitute [verb (intransitive)]
to stand for ——OE
to stand in a person's stead?a1515
to be in any one's coat1530
walk1558
to serve the turn of1565
succenturiate1647
commute1653
to hand the saw1654
substitute1675
surrogate1681
to be in (another person's) shoes1767
substitute1888
pinch-hit1911
the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > supplanting or replacement > take the place of or replace [verb (intransitive)]
to stand for ——lOE
to give steadc1340
to stand in a person's stead?a1515
to do (obs.), fill, serve, supply the stead of1558
to fill the room of1562
to usurp the place of1574
suppullulate1601
to stead upa1616
to take the place ofa1616
succenturiate1630
act1651
succeed1692
to do duty1825
?a1515 Gest of Robyn Hode i. sig. b.iv In a yema [n] s stede he may the stande If thou greate nede haue.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 733/2 Syns my lorde can nat be here him selfe to day, who shall stande in his stede.
1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Fiv v Their banquet was ready..and Parmenio & Antigone stoode in steade of sewer and seruitours.
1612 A. Nixon Londons Doue sig. Dv Ouer many Orphanes & poore children, did he become a carefull father standing in stead of their owne naturall Parents.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. ii. 20 To stand in the stead of a parent to a strange child she could not love.
1856 W. M. Thackeray Let. 10 Sept. (1946) III. 618 I miss my old corners—my dining-places have disappeared & palaces stand in their stead.
1940 Proc. 42nd National Encampm. U.S. Spanish War Veterans 113 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (76th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House Doc. 953) I stand in the stead of that man whom I hoped to have present this gavel to our national organization,..who is unable to be here.
2021 @SamuelAwartey1 7 May in twitter.com (accessed 23 Aug. 2021) I stood in the stead of my committee members to meet the management of Kilon construction and design company.
(d) to stand (a person) in stead: to serve (a person) in place of something. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1583 tr. P. van Marnix van Sant Aldegonde Pithie Exhort. Estate Christiandome 1 The examples of other mens perils and losses, being the moste faithfull teachers and expert guids of this present life, would make vs more warie and stand vs in stead of a rule whereby to direct al our enterprises, determinations, & the conduct of al our affairs.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 801 They should..cloy the great ordidance [sic], that it might not afterwards stand the Turks in stead.
1849 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 16 58/1 Chemistry does not stand a man instead of dinner.
1893 Temple Bar Sept. 68 A down-drawing of the corners of her mouth that stood her instead of a smile.
1955 W. Gaddis Recognitions i. 35 She put aside the Bible only for..such recent prophets as stood her in stead of newspapers.
b. to stand (a person) in (great, †no, etc.) service: to be of (great, no, etc.) use, advantage, or benefit to a person; = to stand (a person or thing) in (good, etc.) stead. Now archaic and rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > be useless for [verb (transitive)] > be of no use to
to stand (a person) in (great, no, etc.) service1542
to serve (one) in some, no stead1601
1496 Rote or Myrour Consolacyon & Conforte (de Worde) sig. Bv Your expenses made in them shall stande you in grete seruyce.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 12v He refused ye gift whiche should stand hym in no service.
1600 R. S. tr. P. de Mornay Fowre Bks. iii. vii. 260 He commeth to seeke his defence from the old writers: who how contrarie they are one to an other, wee haue alreadie seene, and it will not stand him in any seruice.
1842 N. Michell Traduced II. viii. 89 Methinks, in the present case, steel will stand us in better service than mouth-speech.
1908 Connecticut Mag. Summer 243/1 He spent the first year and a half of his missionary life..acquiring those items of knowledge regarding the habits and customs of the Indians which afterwards stood him in great service.
1986 J. Feather Love's Charade 297 Justin visited his cabin briefly..in order to change..into the britches and shirt that would stand him in better service on deck.
(a) To be in a specified relation, or on a certain footing, with (a person). Also: to be in a specified state or condition. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > be in a specific state or condition [phrase]
to stand in terms1544
to stand upon (or on) terms1565
1544 T. Chaloner tr. St. J. Chrysostom Homilie sig. Cvv Abraham truly againsaide nat gods commandement, nor stode nat in termes of why, and wherfore, with him, but when he had ones herde.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxii. xxii. 445 Whiles Spaine stood in these tearms [L. hoc statu rerum in Hispania].
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 182 How can I, O Lord, be other then..miserable, whiles I stand in these termes with thee?
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xiii. 42 Though we stood in the terms of good friends with them.
(b) With with, against. To dispute or contend with (a person). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > controversy, dispute, argument > argue about, dispute [verb (transitive)]
traverse?1504
arguea1513
to stand in terms?a1562
to stand with ——1579
argle1589
bandy1589
balk1590
ventilate1607
controvert1609
sticklea1661
chop1685
militate1754
?a1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1959) 118 Sir I do not entend to stand in termes wt you in this matter.
a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 17 To contrarie, or to stand in termes with an old man, was more heinous, than in som place, to rebuke and scolde with his owne father.
1634 E. Grimeston tr. P. de Béthune Counsellor of Estate ii. ii. 242 Clemency is comendable towards an Enemy deiected and humbled: But whilest hee wauers and stands in tearmes against vs; it is weakenesse.
d. to stand upon (or on) terms. Occasionally also †to stand upon conditions.† (a) To be in a specified condition, position, or situation. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > be in a specific state or condition [phrase]
to stand in terms1544
to stand upon (or on) terms1565
1565 T. Norton & T. Sackville Gorboduc v. i. sig. D.vi While we treate & stande [printed scande] on termes of grace, We shal both staie their furies rage the while, And eke gaine time, whose onely helpe sufficeth.
1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xvi. 32 Besides the sore tearmes we stand vpon with the gods, wilbe strong with vs for giuing ore. View more context for this quotation
1695 W. Congreve in C. Hopkins Pyrrhus i. 10 We stand on Terms as good as Rome's.
1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well II. v. 133 We must stand, however, on more equal terms, my lord.
1872 Morning Post 29 Feb. 4/2 Members..all stood upon terms of perfect equality.
1965 Daily Tel. 29 July 14/5 Small nations.., mini-nuclear armed, would come to stand on terms of mutual deterrence with their neighbours.
2007 P. Dirksen Heinrich Scheidemann's Keyboard Music Introd. p.xii Scheidemann was a central personality in the rich musical life of Hamburg and stood on friendly terms with colleagues such as his former fellow students Jacob and Johannes Praetorius and Ulrich Cernitz.
(b) To assert or maintain certain terms or conditions; to maintain one's position, to hold one's own, to refuse to give in. Now rare. †to stand on (or upon) high terms: to act in a conceited, arrogant, or brashly overconfident manner (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > make conditions, stipulate [verb (intransitive)]
providea1450
conditiona1513
capitulate1537
to stand upon (or on) terms1565
conditionate1642
postulate1754
stipulate1790
the mind > emotion > pride > haughtiness or disdainfulness > be haughty or disdainful [verb (intransitive)]
to make it quainta1393
to have pepper in the nosea1400
lord1548
lord1563
to stand (also be, walk, etc.) upon (one's) pantofles1573
cavalier1594
to stand on (or upon) high terms1611
high-hat1922
1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare i. 44 He mindeth no more to slippe away vnder the colour of single Communion..but simply, and plainely..to stande vpon the bare termes of Priuate Masse.
1566 T. Stapleton Returne Vntruthes Jewelles Replie iv. f. 22 Saye plainely, that you stande vpon Termes, and seke not the Matter.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. i. 163 Hath the prince Iohn a full commission..To heare, and absolutely to determine Of what conditions we shall stand vpon ? View more context for this quotation
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Accrester..to strout it, or stand vpon high tearms.
1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 39 They..hung back and stood upon Terms.
a1732 F. Atterbury Serm. Several Occas. (1734) I. 224 One of those Great and Philosophical Minds, who stand upon their Terms with God.
1875 Weekly Louisianian (New Orleans) 1 May 1/5 Notions quite so opposite as to make every mind to stand upon high terms.
1938 G. Heyer Royal Escape vi. 145 For when your life is at stake, look you, I dare not stand upon terms with you.
1954 in Foreign Relations U.S. 1952–4 (U.S. Dept. of State) (1982) XIII. ii. 1842 The Sec. thinks they will stand on terms so we can move in there and bolster their position.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [verb (intransitive)] > rear
mounta1425
arearc1430
rear1487
risea1500
to stand upon no ground1580
volt1688
stend1786
1580 A. Munday Paine of Pleasure sig. Cii Beholde the stately stamping Steede, That Snuffes, and Snorts, and stands vpon no grounde, I must confesse a ioyfull sight in deede.
1594 J. Lyly Mother Bombie iv. ii. sig. G2v It was as lustie a nag as anie in Rochester, and one that would stand vpon no ground.
a1640 W. Fenner XXIX Choice Serm. (1657) 422 Suppose a man hath a stubborne Colt to break, that will stand upon no ground, that seems to be very untractable.
f. to stand in line.
(a) Military. To get in formation; to take one's place in the ranks.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > form or reform [verb (intransitive)] > fall into line
to fall in1627
align1781
to stand in line1788
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expectation, waiting > wait, await [verb (intransitive)] > in a queue
to stand in line1851
queue1920
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > form (a) row(s) or line(s [verb (intransitive)] > form a queue
to stand in line1851
queue1920
1788 D. Dundas Princ. Mil. Movements 123 The whole battalions now stood in line in their regular order from left to right.
1862 G. Hooper Waterloo i. v. 96 ‘How are they forming?’... ‘In column, not in line,’ I replied; ‘the Prussian soldier, Blucher says, will not stand in line.’
2000 R. Gragg Covered with Glory iii. 37 The men of the 26th North Carolina..stood in line—more than 800 of them—on a field just outside Fredericksburg.
(b) Chiefly U.S. To wait one's turn in a line or queue; to join or form a queue. Also (New York): to stand on line.
ΚΠ
1851 Boston Daily Atlas 18 Mar. There have been several times as many as three hundred people standing in line awaiting their turn to see the great prize!
1972 B. Rinkoff Watchers xix. 119 Mr. Townsend had our tickets already so we didn't have to stand on line.
2009 K. Paterson Day of Pelican 111 After weeks of trudging the streets and standing in line at the employment office, Mr. Craven found a little downtown restaurant that needed a dishwasher.
g. Nautical. to stand under (also to) (her) canvas: (of a vessel) to be stable and upright under a given sail configuration. Frequently with well. Also with up. Cf. under canvas at canvas n. 3.
ΚΠ
1805 Hull Packet 1 July The Combatant..sails as fast by the wind as any ship in the squadron, faster than any from the wind; stands well under her canvas, and is dryer than any vessel of a similar description.
1893 Standard 10 July 7/7 The Britannia.., standing well to her canvas, soon got a long lead.
1938 Daily Tel. 31 Aug. 18/7 Noreen sailed well in the first round, but could not stand up to her canvas in the fresh gusts later in the day.
1997 R. Woodman Hist. of Ship (2005) x. 196 Falcon possessed a long, flat bottom which turned into a fun run after and these qualities..enabled her to stand up to her canvas in a blow.
P2. With other verbs.
a. to let (something) stand: to leave off or discontinue (something); to abstain from interfering with (something); to leave (something) alone.In quot. a1810 †to let (a person) stand: to stop paying attention to (someone), to leave (someone) alone (obsolete rare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > abstain from interfering with
to let alonec897
leaveOE
to let bec1000
to let bec1175
to let (a person or thing) yworth?c1225
to let (something) standa1400
to let dwella1500
to leave to oneself (also itself)?1531
let1818
to let a thing bide1866
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19601 Lat we nu þe prechurs stand, For to spek of a warraiand.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn Prol. l. 157 ‘Pese!’ quod the hoost of Southwork, ‘let stond þe wyndow glasid!’
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Sam. xxiii. 13 Whan it was tolde Saul that Dauid was escaped from Cegila, he let his iourney stonde.
a1810 R. Tannahill Poems (1846) 25 She has my vows, buy aye I let her stan', In hopes to win that bonnie lassie's han'.
1889 A. Conan Doyle Micah Clarke xi. 97 For my own claim, I let it stand for some time.
1973 Sat. Night (Toronto) Jan. 17/2 Because New France was never settled extensively in the way British seaboard colonies were, the Indians never felt threatened and were content to let matters stand.
2010 New Yorker 4 Jan. 38/1 The share price fell, and, even though the government eventually let the deal stand.., many wondered how Mackey managed to hold on to his job.
b. to stand or fall: used to indicate that the success of a person or thing depends on another specified person or thing, outcome, etc. With by, on, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > consequently or as a result [phrase] > is dependent on or that depends
to stand or fall1535
that's according1769
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [verb (transitive)] > support or stand by
sustainc1325
bear1535
to stand or fall1535
shoulder1577
1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale sig. D.iv I haue god my iuge, & therefore nede I not Tindals temerariouse iugement: ether I stande or fall vnto my nown lorde.
1683 D. A. Whole Art Converse Pref. It shall stand or fall by your Verdict.
1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 87 To be governed by the Rules of the Navy, and to stand or fall by them.
1806 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. VI. 100 The original and duplicate being but one will, they must stand or fall together.
1832 Examiner 82/1 We have Lord Grey's pledge to stand or fall with the bill.
1925 Peloubet's Bible Dict. 532/1 The servants of the emperor..stood or fell by his pleasure.
2021 Irish Daily Mail (Nexis) 18 Jan. 5 (headline) Government will stand or fall on how it handles roll-out of the vaccine.
c.
(a) to know where one stands: to be sure of or to understand one's position. Also in negative contexts with scarcely, hardly, etc.: to be utterly confused.
ΚΠ
1615 J. Hoskins Serm. 10 I know where I stand, surely not before many that haue receiued little.
1799 M. Robinson False Friend I. xxiii. 203 My agitation every minute augmented, till I scarcely knew where I stood.
1897 ‘O. Rhoscomyl’ For White Rose Arno (U.K. ed.) 186 ‘Well, I must find out where I stand first,’ said he to himself as he spattered along in the darkness.
1915 Caterpillar Times Sept. 1/1 There had been a great deal of judging, arguing, and figuring of points and percentages, till the poor spectator hardly knew where he stood.
1972 F. Warner Lying Figures ii. 9 I wasn't a pushover. All I wanted was to know where I stood.
2017 New Statesman 5 May (Suppl.) 6/2 IPSE..wants to see a statutory definition of self-employment to help individuals and bigger companies know where they stand.
(b) to know where (also how) one stands with someone: to know how one is regarded by someone; to know what to expect from someone; to have an understanding of someone's views or attitudes. Cf. to know where one is with someone.
ΚΠ
1841 C. G. Jenkins Wedlock II. 77 He made no reply to the question... I was disappointed: it would have been a feeling of the pulse to know where I stood with him.
1861 New Eng. Farmer Dec. 554/2 You never know where you stand with them.
1932 P. G. Wodehouse Hot Water (1963) 187 If you want to know how you stand with me.
2013 Perthshire Advertiser 11 Oct. 12/6 She did not mince words, she was direct and you knew where you stood with her.
P3. In prepositional or adverbial phrases.
a. as it stands.
(a) Of an item of property for sale or transferring ownership: in its existing state or condition, with all existing contents, etc. Also as it stood.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [phrase] > with all its furniture, decoration, etc.
as it stands1454
1454 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 171 I wyll scho have the hole howshowld as it standys.
1527 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 14 I will a house to my wif in Scrayngham, and hir chamer as it standis.
1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals ii. i If you have the estate, you must take it with the live stock on it, as it stands.
1860 New Monthly Mag. Mar. 277 East Lynne..was now the property of Mr. Carlyle. He had bought it as it stood, furniture and all.
1912 Club Jrnl. 20 Jan. 585 This company accepts the car as it stands, attends to the packing, shipping, clearance, etc., and delivers the car abroad, unpacked and ready to drive.
2002 J. Cartwright White Lightning xviii. 152 ‘Voetstoots.’ ‘What does that mean?’ ‘It means you buy everything as it stands and at your own risk.’
(b) Used parenthetically or as a sentence adverb: in the existing circumstances, as it is.
ΚΠ
1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone xxxiv. 343 We've not quite so much proof as I could wish. It would be straining a point to arrest him, as it stands.
1915 A. Conan Doyle Valley of Fear i. vi. 113 When we have got our man..we shall be better able to judge. But, even as it stands, we have surely gone a long way.
2017 J. Boakye Hold Tight App. 335 As it stands, Grime is unquestionably cool; dominated by a clutch of shelf-ready insiders who are readily exalted for their alpha status.
b. as (sure (also surely, certainly, etc.) as) I stand here (also before you) and variants: used to asseverate or emphasize the truth of a statement. Cf. simple as (also though) I stand here at simple adj., n., adv., and int. Phrases 2.
ΚΠ
1580 T. Lupton Siuqila (new ed.) 89 As I stand here before God & you, so I wil not lye neither to God nor you.
1681 T. Otway Souldiers Fortune iii. i. 32 As certainly as I stand here, that man is troubled that he swears he shall not rest day nor night till he has satisfied thee.
1785 F. Pilon Barataria 16 As sure as I stand here they have hanged up father, and they are going to hang us up after him.
1896 Outlook 26 Sept. 565/1 Surely, as I stand before you, it is not my desire to do this thing.
1991 Age (Melbourne, Austral.) (Nexis) 15 May 6 Australia will be a low-inflationary, productive country..right through the 1990s. As sure as I stand here.
2014 @ClaireRodRP 16 Aug. in twitter.com (accessed 1 Feb. 2021) As I stand here I promise to always be in your corner.
c. all standing.
(a) Nautical. With reference to a ship: fully rigged or equipped; without dismantling or unrigging.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > with sails set [phrase] > with all rigging standing
all standing1802
1802 Naval Chron. 8 172 The Fisgard..was paid off all standing, directly recommissioned.
1884 Sat. Rev. 31 May 714/2 She beguiled the tedium of the run by gybing all standing..her main-boom went outside the strop on the second or third gybe.
1998 Yachts & Yachting 21 Aug. 89/2 As the leaders rounded the windward mark a gust hit and four or five boats either pitchpoled or came up all standing.
(b) Originally Nautical. figurative. Fully prepared and ready; esp. (with reference to sleeping) without taking off (many of) one's clothes. Now somewhat historical and rare.Also in to bring (a person) up all standing: to cause (a person) to stop suddenly or abruptly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adverb]
in (or under) weeda1275
upona1366
all standing1837
1837 Southern Lit. Messenger Mar. 178/2 This reflection brought me up, as the sailors say, ‘all standing’.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxxi. 231 The mate..turned in ‘all standing’, and was always on deck the moment he was called.
1879 H. Hartigan Stray Leaves 2nd Ser. 198 [They] gained their respective domiciles, and turned in ‘regimental’, or, as Jack has it, ‘all standing’, for their..last night's rest in Old England.
1903 A. Bennett Let. 27 Mar. (1966) 35 The close of the book, as it stands, will ‘bring him up all standing’.
1924 A. J. Small Frozen Gold i. 13 A spring..would take him from his chair, all-standing, sheer to the throat of the swaggering giant who held the gun.
2019 @OnlyRedNow 17 Dec. in twitter.com (accessed 5 July 2021) I'm sleeping ‘all standing’ [Roy will know what that means] in case the courier shows up early.
P4. With noun as object.
a. to stand one's ground: to maintain one's position against attack or opposition (literal and figurative); to refuse to yield or compromise in the face of danger or opposition. Cf. stand your ground adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > be constant or steadfast [verb (intransitive)]
standeOE
cleavec1275
to stand stiffa1290
stick1447
to stand or stick to one's tackling1529
to stand in this1538
to set down (the or one's) staff1584
to stand one's ground1600
to stand to one's pan pudding1647
to maintain one's ground1736
to nail one's colours (also flag) to the mast (also masthead)1808
to stay put1843
to stand firm1856
to sit tight1890
to keep the flag flying1914
to dig in one's toes1933
to hold the line1956
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)] > resist > resist resolutely
i-standOE
atstand?c1225
to hold out rubbers1573
to stand out1574
to hold out1585
stay1593
to stand one's ground1600
to stick out1677
to stand brush1794
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxix. 711 Their prince..yet stood his ground, and afterwards with a javeline was nailed to the earth.
1688 Lett. conc. Pres. State Italy 116 He could not have stood his ground in the Dispute.
1794 London Rev. Aug. 119/1 The fundamental principles of Mr. Locke's philosophy, after standing its ground for near a century, they have now discovered to consist of absurd paradoxes.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 115 He could not stand his ground against competitors who were willing to pay such a price for the favour of the court.
1891 Strand Mag. Jan. 77/1 The donkey..bravely stood his ground.
1985 S. Hood Storm from Paradise (1988) 45 Miss Troup..had learned..to stand her ground against uproar, rebellion and anarchic lack of discipline.
2013 A. Gibbons Raining Fire i. 12 That's how it is on the Green. Nobody wants to lose face. When the police come, you stand your ground.
b. to stand suit: to submit to being sued or prosecuted in court.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > go to law or litigate [verb (intransitive)] > allow oneself to be sued
to stand suit1625
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. i. xi. 94 Let him that hath relieued those wants throw the first stone at the Promiser. How euer, I will rather confesse the Action then stand Sute.
1685 P. Henry Diaries & Lett. (1882) 344 Hee..sayes, hee wil stand suit, which if he doe, I know who wil get the better.
1784 G. Washington Diary 20 Sept. (1978) IV. 29 They meant to stand suit, & abide the Issue of the Law.
1899 Paper Box Maker Apr. 17/3 The National Box Company gave the Munsons notice to quit manufacture under their process within a week or stand suit.
1990 Univ. Chicago Law Rev. 57 1338 Immunity is more than a mere defense; it is an entitlement not to stand suit or face the burden of litigation at all.
c.
(a) to stand one's trial: to submit to being tried by a court of law for an offence. In early use also: †to submit to divine judgement (obsolete).
ΚΠ
1667 S. Pepys Diary 27 Aug. (1974) VIII. 403 Desiring that he may stand his trial in Parliament if they will accuse him of anything.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. vii. 129 I sometimes thought of standing my Tryal.
1862 Eng. Woman's Jrnl. 1 Sept. 5 Sommer..stood her trial for the murder of her daughter in April, 1856.
1974 Times 13 Apr. 12/6 Why is there bail money?.. Why is a man with money more likely to come back and stand his trial than a man without it?
2019 @Richard50877354 11 Apr. in twitter.com (accessed 24 Sept. 2019) George Pell at least left his safe place, came back to face his accusers and stood his trial.
(b) to stand trial: to be tried by a court of law for an offence.
ΚΠ
1692 Reasons offered before Act for Printing Renewed 2 Mr. John Jekil stood Trial..before Judge Hales.
1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. VI. 529 The Princes and the Standesherren..must stand trial before the Oberamtsregierungen.
1898 Med. Brief Mar. 424/1 Scientists..consider Zola as a degenerate, be he a common criminal standing trial, an insane individual, or a man of genius.
1941 L. Hughes in Crisis June 185/1 Angelo Herndon..stood trial for his life in Atlanta on a charge of sedition because he spoke against Jim Crow and hunger.
2010 Daily Tel. 16 Mar. 15/1 One possibility is that the attacks were carried out in retaliation for the recent extradition of several Mexican drug lords to stand trial in the United States.
P5. With adjective or adverb as complement.
a. to stand tall.
(a) To assume an erect, straight-backed posture; to draw oneself upright.
ΚΠ
1835 A. S. Mackenzie Amer. in Eng. II. i. 14 She stood tall and erect beside the door, though poor evidently, yet not with the air of a suppliant.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre II. xi. 296 The clothed hyena rose up, and stood tall on its hind feet.
1935 C. E. Turner & J. M. Pinckney In Training for Health (rev. ed.) vi. 66 Improve your posture by reminding yourself to stand tall, to keep the chin in and the abdomen flat.
2017 Men's Health Apr. (Beginner's Guide to Six-pack Abs Suppl.) 8 Standing tall, run on the spot as fast as you can, driving through the balls of your feet to bring your knees high.
(b) To exhibit pride, self-confidence, dignity, or fortitude.
ΚΠ
1956 Lincoln (Nebraska) Star 27 Mar. 10/2 (advt.) Daring danger and death—so that he may once more stand tall before the woman he's come back to claim!
1988 Financial Times 10 Mar. 6/5 American voters are no longer satisfied with the image..of an America standing tall in the world. They want an America standing tall at home, too, socially as well as economically.
2011 D. Wallace More Awkward Situations for Men 155 I am British. I am supposed to stand tall in the face of adversity.
b. Military. to stand easy: to assume a position allowing greater freedom of posture than standing at ease.
ΚΠ
1854 J. Boucher Volunteer Rifleman, & Rifle iv. 25 Rules to be attended to on arrival at the ground, and during Ball Practice..‘Order Arms’.—‘Stand Easy’.—‘Shoulder Arms.’—‘Ready.’
1883 Field Exerc. Infantry i. 6 On the word Squad being given to men standing easy, every soldier will at once assume the position of standing at ease.
1937 H. Jennings et al. May 12th Mass-observ. Day-surv. (1987) iv. 291 When the third verse started the airmen were ‘standing easy’; two at once came to attention again.
1999 A. Mallinson Close Run Thing (2000) i. 18 They were dismounted and standing easy.
c. to stand pat: see pat adv.1 and adj. Phrases 2.
Phrasal verbs
PV1. With adverbs in specialized senses. to stand aback to stand about † 2. intransitive. To endeavour or be ready to do something. Cf. to go about 3 at go v. Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.† to stand again to stand around to stand aside to stand away to stand back to stand behind † 2. intransitive. To abandon or renounce one's religious faith, to apostatize. Obsolete. [Perhaps reflecting an etymological interpretation of post-classical Latin apostasia or its etymon Hellenistic Greek ἀποστασία apostasy n., although this would be more appropriately analysed as ‘standing away from’.] to stand beside to stand by to stand down to stand forth † 3. intransitive. To persist in (a course of action). Obsolete. to stand forward to stand in [In senses 2 and 3 (and probably 1) after classical Latin instāre (used in these senses in the Wycliffite Bible to translate the latter word); compare also instand v.] † 1. intransitive. To be determined or insistent. Cf. to stand on 2 at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.† 2. intransitive. To be about to happen, be imminent. Cf. to stand on 1 at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.† 3. intransitive. To pay attention. Obsolete.† 4. intransitive. To take part in (a dispute or argument); to disagree or argue with (a person). Obsolete. to stand off † 3. intransitive. Of a thing: to remain apart, distinct, or separate (from something else). Also figurative: to differ. Obsolete. to stand off and on † 1. intransitive. To be about to happen, to be imminent. Cf. to stand in 2 at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.† 2. intransitive. To be determined or insistent to (do something). Cf. to stand in 1 at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete. to stand on and off † 8. transitive. Horse Racing. To persist with (a bet) without hedging (see hedge v. 8a). Obsolete. to stand over to stand round to stand to † 1. intransitive. To stand nearby; to be present. Cf. to stand by 1 at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete. [After classical Latin adstāre.] † 2. intransitive. To set to work, fall to; spec. to begin eating. Cf. to adv. 6. Obsolete.† to stand together † 4. intransitive. Of a door: to remain open. Obsolete. rare.† 6. intransitive. Nautical. Of a number of vessels: to form up, assemble in a given place or position. Obsolete.
intransitive. To move backwards and take up a standing position further away (from something or someone). Also (now chiefly) in extended and figurative use: to distance oneself (from something or someone), esp. emotionally. Cf. to stand back at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > retire, withdraw, or retreat > out of the way
to give rooma1350
to stand backc1390
to make way?a1425
to stand aback?a1439
to make rooma1450
roomc1450
give wayc1515
to give by1633
shunt1869
to move over1914
extend2000
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iii. l. 56 (MED) I stood chekmaat for feer whan I gan see In my weie how litil I hadde runne..So ferr I stood a-bak in my passage.
1637 S. Rutherford Let. in Joshua Redivivus (1664) 27 Keep your self in the love of Christ, & stand far aback from the pollutions of the world.
1793 R. Gray Poems 67 What hell it is to stand aback, And darna speak, but take their crack.
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward III. iii. 69 Stand aback, my masters..for this concerneth no ears but mine.
1989 Jrnl. Psychotherapy & Family 6 23 He obviously commanded great respect from his adult caretakers, who admired him, but stood aback from his activity.
2016 Falmouth Packet (Nexis) 27 July At a time when there is understandable anxiety and real fear on the part of many there is a tendency to stand aback from others and to build metaphorical walls between us.
1. intransitive. To remain standing in a place without any particular purpose or fixed position. Cf. to stand around at Phrasal verbs 1, to stand round at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΚΠ
a1325 St. Christina (Corpus Cambr.) l. 241 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 323 Wymmen þat þere stode aboute & yseie hure defouled more And euere naked so uilliche hom ofssamede sore.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 1843 And there in open Audience Of hem that stoden thanne aboute, He tolde hem [etc.].
1572 J. Bridges tr. R. Gwalther Hundred, Threescore & Fiftene Homelyes vppon Actes Apostles vi. xlii. 290 To testifie unfaynedly vnto this people, here standing about.
1714 J. H. Thomson Cloud of Witnesses (1871) 420 They were standing about, looking on me.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre II. iv. 107 They stood about here and there in groups, their plates and glasses in their hands.
1872 Punch 30 Mar. 136 Wet trousers are unpleasant to stand about in.
1935 M. M. Atwater Murder in Midsummer iv. 43 Many people were standing about in groups.
2010 Church Times 24 Sept. 48/3 It is a nice, sultry morning for standing about and seeing others toil.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > make an attempt or endeavour [verb (intransitive)] > to do something
cuneOE
seekc1000
fanda1225
suec1325
tastec1330
enforcec1340
study1340
temptc1384
intendc1385
assaila1393
proffera1393
to make meansc1395
search?a1400
fraistc1400
pursuec1400
to go aboutc1405
pretend1482
attempta1513
essay?1515
attend1523
regarda1533
offer1541
frame1545
to stand about1549
to put into (also in) practice1592
prove1612
imitate1626
snap1766
begin1833
make1880
1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 4th Serm. sig. Nvi When we..acknowledge our faultes, and stand not about to defend them.
1661 J. V. Canes Fiat Lux i. 30 The multitude, who seeing his safety might look upon him ever after with greater honour and respect, as lord of the very Angels who stood about to guard him in so dangerous a precipice.
Obsolete.
to stand along intransitive. To offer resistance or opposition. Cf. main sense 8a, to stand again —— 1 at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist
withstandc888
withsake971
forstanda1000
to stand again ——OE
withsetc1000
again-standOE
to stand againOE
warnc1175
wiþerhaldec1175
atstandc1220
astand1250
withsitc1300
sitc1325
asitc1330
(it) may well withc1395
reversea1400
resist1417
ofstandc1425
onstandc1425
gainstand?c1450
endure1470
obsista1475
repugna1513
recountera1525
occur1531
desist1548
impugn1577
obstrigillate1623
counter-stand1648
stem1675
repique1687
to make face to1807
to fight off1833
to stick up1838
bay1848
withstay1854
buck1857
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1010 Þa sona flugon Eastengle, þa stod Grantabricscir fæstlice ongean.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13313 Þa Bruttes auoten uaste aȝæin stoden.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18090 Forces yow wit might and m[a]in Stalworthli to stand a-gain.
a1500 Gospel of Nicodemus (Harl. 149) (1974) 108 (MED) Schet fast the brasen ȝatys..and let vs stonde styfly ageyn that we be not takyn.
Nautical. Now rare.
to stand apart intransitive. To direct one's course (easily) in a given direction. Cf. main sense 41b.In quot. 1710 in a more general sense ‘to proceed on a journey’; cf. main sense 41a.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction
steer1340
stem1487
capea1522
lie1574
put1578
bear1587
rut1588
haul1589
fetch1590
standa1594
to stand along1600
to bear away1614
work1621
to lay up1832
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > go on a journey > proceed on a journey
to stand along1710
1600 J. Twitt in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 568 After we had here refreshed our selues, wee stode along for Cape Tiburon, where we watered.
1653 Fight Legorn-Road 18 Supposing Captain Badily to have stood along to the relief of our Squadron.
1710 S. Sewall Diary 27 Mar. (1973) II. 634 The Sun breaking out, I stood along about 10. m.
1903 R. H. Savage Last Traitor of Long Island (1904) vi. 90 Bill Tarbox glumly watched two figures on the foks'al platform, as the ship stood along easily, with just enough sail to give an easy steerage way.
1936 U.S. Coast Pilot: Gulf Coast (new ed.) 68 When standing along about 6 miles southward of the Florida Keys, the Casa Marina Hotel shows prominently about 1 mile east of Whitehead Point.
intransitive. To remain standing alone; to remain at, or withdraw to, some distance (from someone or something). Also in extended and figurative use: to be separate or distinct (from someone or something); to distance oneself, refrain from becoming involved.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > distance > distance or farness > be or remain at a distance [verb (intransitive)]
to stand apart1538
to stand off1600
to hold off1604
to keep awaya1616
to keep offa1616
distance1658
to keep one's luff1682
to keep back1836
the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > be different [verb (intransitive)]
diversec1384
discorda1387
swervea1400
differ?c1400
varyc1400
differencec1425
square?c1450
abhor1531
repugna1538
dissent1539
recede1570
discrepate1590
ablude1610
decline1615
to stand offa1616
particularize1637
distinguish1649
deviate1692
to stand apart1709
veer1796
to be a long way from1917
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Distito, to stande aparte, or be dystant one from an other.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 366 Stay, stand apart, I know not which is which. View more context for this quotation
1709 Rehearsal 26 Jan. They stand Apart from all the Churches of Christ that now are, or ever were in the whole World.
1840 Penny Cycl. XVII. 345/1 The plants [should be] thinned out by the hoe, so as to stand a foot or 15 inches apart.
1886 M. F. Sheldon tr. G. Flaubert Salammbô 8 One of these slaves remained standing apart from the others.
1906 W. M. F. Petrie Relig. Anc. Egypt viii. 58 Besides the classes of gods already described there are others who stand apart in their character, as embodying abstract ideas.
1974 J. van der Zee Greatest Men's Party on Earth xi. 148 Most serious writers are oppositionists, who stand apart from things as they are to gain perspective and a clearer view of the way society operates.
2020 Canberra Times (Nexis) 20 Apr. When top Namadgi park ranger Brett McNamara and I met the other day, we stood apart and bowed.
intransitive. Originally: †(of a group) to stand on all sides of someone or something (obsolete). Later: to remain standing in a place without any particular purpose or fixed position. Cf. to stand about 1 at Phrasal verbs 1, to stand round at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΚΠ
1596 J. Davies Orchestra sig. B5 All the crowne of men That stands around doth make a murmuring.
1740 C. Pitt tr. Virgil Æneid I. i. 43 A hundred Boys and Virgins stood around, The Banquet, and the Goblet crown'd.
1848 Trial W. Freeman for Murder J. G. Van Nest 187 I never saw him doing any kind of work whatever, only standing around or passing by.
1908 Washington Post 6 July 5/6 They were promptly stopped by a policeman and had to stand around in the crowd until Capt. Bartlett..made the identity of the visitors known.
1966 Amateur Gardening 24 Sept. 35/1 Everybody is standing around, waiting to go and spend their money on the tombola or the raffles.
2018 L. A. Urrea House Broken Angels 203 A klatch of kids just stood around or leaned on bikes.
1. intransitive. To move away or withdraw and take up a standing position at some distance from a person or group, an activity or situation, etc.; frequently in imperative. Also in extended and figurative use: to distance oneself (from someone or something), refrain from becoming involved.
ΚΠ
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1826 He het Roland þan stonde a-side, ther him self al-one.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn Prol. l. 619 The Pardoner stood a-syde.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Acts iv. B Then commaunded they them to stonde asyde out of ye councell.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) v. i. 54 Let's stand aside and see the end of this controuersie. View more context for this quotation
1703 C. Cibber She wou'd & she wou'd Not iv. 50 Stand aside, till I call for you.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby liv. 543 Stand aside, every one of you.
1974 R. Heilbroner Human Prospect i. 25 They can only play a distorting role when we try to stand aside from our private fates and reflect on the probable course of, and causes for, events.
2021 Sun (Nexis) 2 Nov. 12 I have just come back from the US,..where people stand aside in queues to allow them [sc. veterans] to go to the front.
2. intransitive. To withdraw or step down from a position or office. Cf. to stand down 4a at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΚΠ
1848 Leeds Intelligencer Extraordinary 11 Dec. 2/5 He reverts again to his petition to be allowed to get into parliament, this time, with a promise to stand aside at the next election.
1987 Guardian 13 Jan. 1/2 The decision of Mr Ernest Saunders to stand aside as chairman and chief executive.
2012 Australian 31 May 6/7 The so-called ‘Dad's Army’ of senior government figures will be under pressure to stand aside at the election.
1. intransitive. To withdraw and take up a standing position at some distance (from a person or group, an activity or situation, etc.); to move back.In early use frequently in imperative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > to some distance
elongc1500
to stand away1567
to stand off1600
1567 Triall of Treasure sig. C.iiv Beware the horse heles I auise you, stande awaye.
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) v. ii. 16 Foh, prethee stand away . View more context for this quotation
1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 5 Feb. (1948) I. 181 Come stand away, let me rise.
1809 E. Hall Nolens Volens ii. i. 23 Stand away you potatoe peeling, if you wont assist us.
1993 M. Behr Smell of Apples (1996) 112 She stands away from the door and says to Mum: ‘Now you go and have a good holiday, Mrs Erasmus.’
2. intransitive. Nautical. To direct one's course away (from a coast, region, vessel, etc.). Cf. main sense 41b. Now rare.In quot. 1982 in a work of historical fiction.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > sail away from shore or ships
to stand off1591
to stand away1600
to bear away1614
to stand out to sea1625
outstand1866
off1882
1600 R. Davie in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 579 We perceiuing no fit place to land, by reason of the sea, stood away some league to the West-ward, about a litle head-land.
1680 London Gaz. No. 1551/4 They no sooner discovered the Guernsey to be a Man of War, but they Tacked and stood away with all the Sail they could make.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 10 We resolv'd to stand away from the Canaries, to the Coast of Brasil.
1845 J. Coulter Adventures Pacific xi. 140 In two days more we left this anchorage, and stood away towards the north-east.
1924 Youth's Compan. 29 May 370/4 The sailing ship stood away on her course.
1982 R. Woodman King's Cutter v. 53 She would give them the other before standing away to the south south eastward on the larboard tack.
1. intransitive. To move backwards and take up a standing position further away (from something). Frequently in imperative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > retire, withdraw, or retreat > and take up a position
to stand backc1390
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > retire, withdraw, or retreat > out of the way
to give rooma1350
to stand backc1390
to make way?a1425
to stand aback?a1439
to make rooma1450
roomc1450
give wayc1515
to give by1633
shunt1869
to move over1914
extend2000
c1390 Vision St. Paul (Vernon) in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 256 He bad him stonde bac..Þat he mihte sustene þat stynk.
1567 N. Sanders Rocke of Churche xvi. 380 Is it not a kind of gouerning, to command him to stand back?
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. ii. 38 My Lord, stand backe and let the coffin passe. View more context for this quotation
1684 J. Bunyan Seasonable Counsel 227 He saith..to all that are forward to revenge themselves; Give place, stand back, let me come.
1785 Lounger No. 4. The ladies had now got through the defile, and we stood back to make way for them.
1875 Ld. Tennyson Queen Mary i. i. 1 Stand back, keep a clear lane.
1909 M. Beerbohm Yet Again 23 ‘Stand back, please’. The train was about to start, and I waved farewell to my friend.
2009 E. Wyld After Fire, Still Small Voice (2010) ii. 33 ‘Ta-da’, said his father and stood back so that they could both admire it.
2. intransitive. In extended and figurative use. To withdraw (from a situation, issue, etc.), esp. (in later use) to distance oneself emotionally in order to take a dispassionate view.
ΚΠ
1646 Hundred & Six Lessons (single sheet) Let every lust of thy heart stand back, to make roome for Christ.
1855 Sci. Amer. 1 Dec. 95/1 Carbonic acid gas is much inferior to steam in this respect, and must stand back for the present.
1963 Art Bull. 45 75/1 At times he stands back from himself without illusion, almost whimsically revelling in the vanity of the motives he finds.
2016 Church Times 9 Sept. 31/3 All his life, one of his greatest gifts as a scholar was his ability to stand back from the text, and interpret it illustratively for the layman.
1. intransitive. To occupy or take up a standing position behind someone or something.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > position at the back > stand behind [verb (intransitive)]
to stand behind?c1335
?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 136 Þe fals wolf stode behind, He was doggid and ek felle.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ix. l. 2536 (MED) Heer stant oon behynde, Duk of Athenis, turne toward hym þi stile.
1630 J. Squire Plaine Expos. Epist. to Thessalonians xvi. 460 Some standing behind did pull a string..whereby it would move the hand, as if it did blesse the people.
1777 J. Kindersley Lett. from E. Indies liv. 232 Several black fellows stand behind,..some of them playing upon a sitar.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 21 Enid..spread the board, And stood behind, and waited on the three.
2014 J. Vines Vines: My Life & Ministry 12 He stood, bracing himself by holding on to the rostrum. An aide stood behind to catch him, should he fall.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > apostasy > be or become apostate [verb (intransitive)]
renayc1300
to go backward1382
to fall awayc1384
to stand behindc1475
to turn (one's) tippet1546
relapse1563
backslide1581
apostate1596
apostatize1611
renegade1611
apostasize1696
renegado1731
renege1744
c1475 (?c1400) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 431 (MED) And ȝif apostasie is stondyng bihynde, hou myche stondiþ bihynde ilche siche þat shal be dampned?
c1475 (?c1400) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 438 For þei stonden bihynde, and fyȝten not wiþ þe fend.
intransitive. To stand by a person's side, as an onlooker, a helper, etc. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > side [verb (transitive)] > be in or take up position at the side of > stand or walk at the side of
to stand besidec1440
accost1579
side1587
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (transitive)] > support by one's presence
to stand by ——OE
to stand besidec1440
support1601
c1440 (?a1400) Sir Perceval (1930) l. 2117 The portare stode besyde, Sawe þe ryng owt glyde.
a1450 in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 82 Suche towches..Wolde..Ȝeue oþere cause, þat stonde bysyde, To wene it were a bargayn of synne.
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Ei I can do nothynge but he stonde besyde.
1892 Farmers' Rev. 13 July 460/1 To live as though he stood beside To warn, to comfort, and to bless.
2014 A. Cumming Kate Gallagher & Bexus Prophecy xvii. 239 Those soldiers nearest to him sank on to one knee and bowed their heads subserviently. Those standing beside and behind quickly took the hint.
1. intransitive. To stand nearby; to be present. Now chiefly: to be present but uninvolved when something is happening, to be an onlooker or spectator.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > presence > be present [verb (intransitive)]
beeOE
rixle?c1225
to be therea1300
to stand toa1382
to stand bya1398
report1560
reside1620
to take place1622
render1874
feature1941
the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > do nothing [verb (intransitive)] > take no part in action
to stand bya1398
to stand (or keep, hold, etc.) aloof (from)1546
to sit back1869
the world > space > place > presence > be present [verb (intransitive)] > without intervening
to stand by1597
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ii. xiii. 77 For somme [angels] serueþ and som stondiþ by. Þousendis of þousendis seruede and ten hundred þousendis stood by.
a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) l. 205 Lete hem come and wytnes brynge To stonde by at here weddynge.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Eiv Ther chaunsed to stond by a certein iesting parasite.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. iii. 15 Now Margarets curse is falne vpon our heads: For standing by, when Richard stabd her sonne. View more context for this quotation
1659 H. Neville Shufling, Cutting, & Dealing 6 I shall disturb you in the game if I stand by.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. vi. 103 A Professor, who always stands by on those occasions.
1831 W. Scott Count Robert vii, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. II. 179 The most despicable of animals stands not by tamely and sees another assail his mate.
1876 M. Oliphant Curate in Charge xvi. 245 Must we stand by and see all manner of wrong done and..think we..cannot help it?
1934 J. Buchan Free Fishers vii. 107 The minister stood by twittering gently, while the housekeeper laid the youth on the sofa.
2002 Vanity Fair July 127/1 Many a driver has stood by, paralyzed with fear, as his fellow surfer got seriously ‘ragdolled’.
2.
a. intransitive. To move away or withdraw and take up a standing position some distance from a group, activity, or situation. Also figurative: to refrain from action. Cf. to stand aside at Phrasal verbs 1. Now Irish English (northern).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (intransitive)]
to let bec1000
fastOE
withdraw1297
letc1374
forbearc1375
abstaina1382
sparec1386
respitea1393
to let alonea1400
refraina1402
supersede1449
deport1477
to hold one's handa1500
spare1508
surcease1542
detract1548
to hold back1576
hold1589
to stand by1590
to hold up1596
suspend1598
stickle1684
to hold off1861
to bottle it1988
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > part or go away in different directions > separate from the general company
to stand out1569
to stand by1590
secede1702
1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. B3 Stand by a trice, but looke you depart not the court.
1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 5 He..takes his Scepter out of His hand, and bids Him stand by.
1764 S. Foote Patron iii. 69 Rascals, stand by! I must, I will see him.
1896 Law Times 100 357/1 To consider whether the beneficiary had stood by too long before he sought redress.
1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 331/2 Stand by, stand aside.
b. intransitive. To be excluded (from something). In later use: (Law) (of a potential juror) to be excluded from selection, esp. at the challenge of the prosecution; cf. challenge n. 3a.In English law, the right of the defence to peremptory challenges was abolished by the Criminal Justice Act of 1988, while the right of the prosecution is limited to a small class of cases.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (intransitive)] > withdraw from jury
to stand by1828
a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. l. 49924 Thairof rycht sone that all the honour haill To him and his, withoutin caus or quhy, Had gevin bene, quhilk causit him stand by Stane still fra him that tyme rycht far in tuyn.
1604 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Duke of Buccleuch (1899) I. 48 in Parl. Papers (C. 9244) XLVI. 1 He had been before, and stood then by from being Jurate for his misbehaviour.
1828 Act 9 Geo. IV c. 54. 500 Nothing herein contained shall affect..the power of any court in Ireland to order any juror to stand by.
1923 W. J. Byrne Dict. Eng. Law 167/1 The Crown, although it can challenge for cause, has no peremptory challenge, but it may order any person to ‘stand by’, and need not show cause.
2011 D. Kelly Eng. Legal Syst. (ed. 12) 516 When the Roskill Committee recommended the removal of the defence's right to pre-emptive challenge, it recognised that, in order to retain an equitable situation, the right of the Crown to ask potential jurors to stand by should also be withdrawn.
c. transitive. Law. To cause (a juror) to withdraw from a jury. Cf. challenge n. 3a.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (transitive)] > empanel a jury > withdraw or reject (a juror)
to try out1542
withdrawa1676
to stand by1896
1896 Canad. Ann. Digest 100 On a trial for an indictable offence the Crown can direct any number of jurors to stand by, but when the panel is exhausted they cannot be stood by a second time.
1927 A. M. Sullivan Old Ireland ii. 41 If this infamous creature attempts to ‘stand by’ a single Nationalist juror, you will ram it down his throat!
1990 Independent (Nexis) 2 July 18 Where it appeared to trial judges that peremptory challenge had failed to achieve a suitable ethnic mix, they could have the right to ‘stand by’ jurors to obtain ethnic minority representation.
3. intransitive. Of a thing: to be laid or set aside. Also figurative: to be disregarded. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > be careless or negligent [verb (intransitive)] > be or remain neglected
to hang (also be hung) on (in) the hedge?1515
to stand by1648
1648 O. Howe Vniversalist examined & Convicted i. sig. Dv This expression, let it stand by a while (as of no worth to expresse ransome or redemption by) till we see what is in the rest.
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 237 The Wrought off Form is Stript..and stands by to Destribute.
1893 Sketch 15 Feb. 179/2 And now everything stands by for the discussion of Home Rule.
1944 K. Frings God's Front Porch 107 The baby carriage stood by, forgotten for a moment.
4.
a. intransitive. Originally Nautical. To hold oneself in readiness; to be prepared (for something, to do something). Frequently in imperative: ‘be ready!’
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare or get ready [verb (intransitive)] > be prepared or ready
Be prepared1579
to stand by1669
poise1773
to be loaded for bear(s)1888
to be loaded (for)1948
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] > be ready for > to operate (something)
to stand by1669
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 17 Come, stand by, take in our Top-sails.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World ii. 17 He that stood by to clear it away, stopt the Line.
1759 Ann. Reg., Chron. 62/1 I called to my people to stand by and do their duty.
1866 ‘M. Twain’ Lett. from Hawaii (1967) 117 Just as you take a sustaining breath and ‘stand by’ for the crash, his poor little rocket fizzes faintly in the zenith.
1937 A. L. Zagat in Thrilling Wonder Stories Oct. 70/1 ‘Make it so, mister,’ I acknowledged in the unforgotten jargon. ‘Stand by for the blast-off.’
1972 Listener 21 Dec. 852/1 Sequence of calls before a shot. Production Assistant: ‘Quiet. Going for a take. Standing by.’
2018 B. Macy Dopesick xi. 238 Vancouver officials launched supervised injection sites where nurses stood by to revive overdosed users.
b. intransitive. Radio. To await further signals. Frequently in imperative.
ΚΠ
1903 Electr. World & Engineer 1 Mar. 387/2 When 310 miles distant this message was received: ‘Stand by a moment; I have got to fix apparatus.’
1922 Wireless World 11 351/1 WJZ WJZ Please stand by.
1999 K. S. Robinson Antarctica 447 ‘Please stand by, over.’ ‘Okay, God damn it! Roger! We will stand by!’
1. intransitive. Nautical. To sail with the wind or tide. Cf. main sense 41b.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > sail before the wind
scud1582
spoon1588
spoom1628
to stand down1635
to bear down1671
skid1815
to roll down to St. Helena1834
1635 L. Foxe North-west Fox sig. M5v The Mr. stood downe into the first great bay, this was going outward in the Masters time.
1708 J. Oldmixon Brit. Empire in Amer. II. 253 The Frigats also weigh'd from Old-Road, stood down to the Fort, and batter'd it.
1885 Times (Weekly ed.) 2 Oct. 14/4 Fishing boats..standing down with the ebb in midstream.
1992 G. E. Buker Jacksonville vi. 42 At daybreak Lt. Piercy weighed anchor and stood down to the bar.
2. intransitive. Of a witness in court: to leave the stand, typically after giving evidence.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > evidence > give evidence [verb (intransitive)] > act as witness > step down from witness box
to stand down1651
1651 D. T. Certain Queries 12 Their witnesses could not be permitted to swear, except by this ceremony of kissing the book, and so was forst to stand down, and could be no witness.
1735 Select Trials Old-Bailey II. 133/2 Court. Very well,—you may stand down.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxiii. 369 I will not trouble the court by asking him any more questions. Stand down, Sir.
1906 Observer 26 Aug. 6/4 (heading) The Chairman orders a witness to stand down.
2012 Irish Daily Mail (Nexis) 29 May 10 As the witness stood down, he proudly marched his way through the room.
3. transitive. U.S. colloquial. To oppose (a person) by arguing a contrary point of view, esp. in an insistent or uncompromising manner; to overcome (a person) by a display of determination. Cf. to face down (also out) at face v. Phrases 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > speaking against or contradiction > speak against or contradict [verb (transitive)]
withsake971
withsayc1175
forbidc1275
withtellec1275
counterplead1377
again-saya1382
withsaya1382
contrary1382
countersay1393
withstand1513
transverse1532
cross1589
contradict1596
controvert1596
respire1629
scruple1639
contravene1722
oppugn1781
countervene1825
to stand down1869
1869 ‘A. Page’ What I know about Ben Eccles xxix. 301 He would have stood me down that it was false if you hadn't come with those letters.
1926 Zion's Herald 15 Sept. 306/1 Sam would tell me why you could be made to love that man and I was silly enough to stand him down to the very last I knew I could not.
1998 D. J. Meador Unforgotten viii. 115 If and when that supreme moment came, he resolved to stand him down, at least not to flinch or fail.
2018 @Jerome039 26 June in twitter.com (accessed 25 Jan. 2019) If you told them the sky was blue, they would stand you down and cry that it wasn't!!!
4.
a. intransitive. Originally: to withdraw from a game, match, or race; to give up one's place in a team, crew, etc.; to withdraw from a contest or competition. Later also: withdraw from an office, esp. in favour of another; to step down.Originally in sporting contexts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (intransitive)] > avoid > withdraw (from a task or undertaking) > from a group, game, or competition
to take (also strike, etc.) off the books1755
scratch1866
to stand down1874
to drop out1883
society > authority > office > withdrawing from or vacating office > vacate office [verb (intransitive)]
resign1395
recede1452
retirec1598
to take, lay down, resign the fascesa1625
to go out1642
to sing one's nunc dimittis1642
to make one's bowa1656
to lay down1682
to swear off1698
vacate1812
to send in one's papers1872
to step down1890
to stand down1926
1874 Bell's Life in London 28 Nov. 9/1 M. G. Glazebrook was present at the meeting, and competed in two events, but kindly stood down in the High Jump.
1926 Manch. Guardian 4 Feb. 18/5 The member elected at the last election..has stood down in favour of the Prime Minister.
1977 Irish Times 8 June 8/4 Why, for instance, wasn't Sile de Valera slotted into this constituency once Vivion de Valera stood down?
2020 H. James Making Mod. Central Bank ix. 245 Cuckney then stood down as chairman.
b. transitive. Originally: to withdraw or remove (a competitor) from a game, race, contest, competition, etc. Later also: to discharge (a worker) temporarily or permanently (now chiefly Australian and New Zealand); to dismiss (a person) from a position or office. Frequently in passive.Originally in sporting contexts.
ΚΠ
1889 Spectator (Rushford, N.Y.) 14 Nov. 6/8 It is said by many that Mr. Belmont will..quietly ‘stand him down’ for the year.
1912 Daily Tel. 25 May 12/6 There was..nothing for trade unionists to do but to refuse these orders, and as they refused they were stood down, and told there was no more work for them.
1985 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 9 Feb. Figures collected by the Public Service Board indicated about 23 workers were stood-down for refusing to work as directed.
2015 Canberra Times (Nexis) 27 Jan. a6 Mr Gardiner..was stood down as president of the Northern Territory branch of the Labor Party.
5.
a. intransitive. Chiefly Military or with reference to emergency services. To come off duty; to relax after a state of readiness.In military contexts frequently contrasted with to stand to; cf. to stand to 3 at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > [verb (intransitive)] > be or come off duty
to be off the watch1848
to stand down1915
society > armed hostility > military service > serve as a soldier [verb (intransitive)] > come on or off duty
to stand down1915
to stand to1915
1915 Rep. Women's Inst. Province Ontario 1914 153 A half hour before sunrise the order comes to stand to and every man takes his position along that parapet and remains there until a half hour after sunrise, when the order is given to ‘stand down’ and ‘post sentry’.
1931 W. V. Tilsley Other Ranks 108 They religiously stood-to and stood-down every dawn and dusk.
1989 Times 10 Mar. 10/4 When the demonstrators veered away and the police stood down, I moved gingerly down the street.
2011 J. Golding Deadlock: Bk. iii. vii. 107 Excitement flared in Hugo's pale blue eyes. ‘What are our orders?’ Darcie smiled at his super-serious expression. ‘Stand down, soldier.’
b. transitive. Chiefly Military or with reference to emergency services. To cause or order (a person, group, etc.) to come off duty; to cause or order (a person) to relax after a state of readiness or alert. Frequently in passive.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military service > make into soldier [verb (transitive)] > bring off duty
to stand down1944
1944 Gloucester Citizen 29 Sept. 7/3 Road barriers were manned with an air of tense determination—and twice the men were stood down.
2010 RadioUser Apr. 27/2 The aircraft downgraded the Mayday to a Pan and the rescue helicopter that had been scrambled was stood down.
1. † b. intransitive. to stand forth to: to confront. Cf. to stand up to at Phrasal verbs 1, to stand to —— 9 at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete. rare.
a. intransitive. To step forward (in order to do something, make a speech, face a company, etc.); to come boldly or resolutely to the front or centre.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)] > a short distance or for a purpose
to step forthc1000
to stand forthc1390
to stand forward1602
to step up1660
to step forward1793
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. ii. l. 57 Now Simonye and Siuyle stondeþ forþ boþe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10231 Joachim son forth can stand, And mad him bun wit his offrand.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) l. 442 He stood forthe boldly with grym countenaunce.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke vi. f. lxxxijv Ryse vp, and stonde forthe in the myddes.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII v. iii. 82 I doe beseech your Lordships, That..my Accusers..may stand forth face to face, And freely vrge against me.
1780 Mirror No. 68 In such a cause every man would stand forth.
1872 C. E. Maurice Life S. Langton i. 28 The prophet who had stood forth to denounce the awful corruption.
1995 Face Aug. 7/3 I may now stand forth with the best and state hand on heart that I too watched Swap Shop.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > confront
abidec1275
stand?1316
visagec1386
bidec1400
to stand to ——1562
affront1569
to look (a person, etc.) in the face1573
outface1574
front1582
to meet with1585
confront1594
propose1594
to stand up to1596
outfront1631
to stand forth to1631
head1682
meet1725
1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes iv. iv. 63 in Wks. II Now he treats of you, Stand forth to him, faire.
2. intransitive. Of a thing: to be conspicuous or prominent. Also: (in concrete use) to project, protrude, jut out (from a surface, etc.). Cf. to stand out 1c at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > [verb (intransitive)] > strikingly
shinec1340
to stand fortha1425
to stick out1612
to stick off1613
to stand offa1616
stare1645
glare1712
to stand out1824
to burn out, forth1834
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > be visible [verb (intransitive)] > be clearly visible > be conspicuous
to stand fortha1425
to catch the (also a person's) eye1585
salutea1586
stare1645
to make (familiarly to cut) a figure1699
to show up1860
to jump to the eye(s)1926
to stick (or stand) out like a sore thumb1936
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) 2 Esdras iii. 25 Phalel, the sone of Ozi, bildide aȝens þe bowyng, and the tour that stondith forth [E.V. a1382 Douce 369(1) stant aboue; L. eminet], fro the hiȝ hows of the kyng.
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 1004 S. Barnabies Thistle another kinde of Star Thistle; notwithstanding it hath prickles no where saue in the head only, and the prickles of it stand foorth in manner of a star.
a1764 R. Lloyd Dialogue Author & Friend in Wks. Eng. Poets (1810) 108/1 Yes—it [sc. his book] stands forth to public view.
1862 Temple Bar 6 356 No buildings are allowed to touch it, and thus it stands forth in its native gigantesque proportions.
1999 Vanity Fair Feb. 68/2 From a thousand adjectives..there immediately stands forth one adjective in which our epoch finds its perfect portrait.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > perseverance or persistence > persevere or persist in [verb (transitive)]
to stand in ——a1382
maintainc1385
willc1400
to stand fortha1425
to stick to ——1525
to tug out1631
worry1727
to stick out1833
to stick at ——1845
slog1846
stay1956
to chase up1958
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 3547 To stonde forth in such duresse.
intransitive. To step forward (in order to do something, make a speech, face a company, etc.); to come boldly or resolutely to the front or centre; = to stand forth 1a at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)] > a short distance or for a purpose
to step forthc1000
to stand forthc1390
to stand forward1602
to step up1660
to step forward1793
1602 T. Heywood How Man may chuse Good Wife sig. K2 Stand forward, are you not asham'd to feare?
1790 Loiterer 9 Jan. 7 I shall be happy to contribute my mite... I dare say his Lordship would stand forward [i.e. with a donation].
1801 M. Edgeworth Prussian Vase in Moral Tales III. 39 I applaud him for standing forward in defence of his friend.
1820 J. Milner Suppl. Mem. Eng. Catholics 313 Summoning all those who had signed the Protestation to stand forward in defence of its errors.
2019 Deseret Morning News (Salt Lake City) (Nexis) 4 Sept. Now it was my shining moment. I stood forward and sang ‘Amazing Grace’ to the tune of ‘House of the Rising Sun’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > make an attempt or endeavour [verb (intransitive)] > strive or struggle
hiec888
to stand inc1175
wrag?c1225
wrestle?c1225
stretcha1375
strivec1384
pressc1390
hitc1400
wring1470
fend15..
battle1502
contend?1518
reluct1526
flichter1528
touse1542
struggle1597
to lay in1599
strain?1606
stickle1613
fork1681
sprattle1786
buffet1824
fight1859
the mind > will > decision > perseverance or persistence > persevere or persist [verb]
to stand inc1175
willa1387
lie1692
threap1827
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise or be standing [verb (intransitive)] > be standing > in water, mud, etc., up to knees
to stand inc1175
to stand up to1596
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2617 Þe deofell. Þatt æfre & æfre stanndeþþ inn To scrennkenn ure sawless.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) 1 Esdras. iii. 9 Þey shulden stonden in [L. instarent] vp on hem þat diden werk in þe temple of god.
?a1450 in C. von Nolcken Middle Eng. Transl. Rosarium Theol. (1979) 89 Preche þe worde, stande in couenably and vnbehouely, reproue, blame, praye in al pacience and dottryne.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > future [verb (intransitive)] > be imminent
comeOE
nigha1225
to draw nearc1330
approachc1374
drawa1375
to stand ina1382
to stand ona1382
instand1382
to draw ona1450
proacha1450
to draw nigha1470
to fall at handa1535
to hang by (on, upon) a threada1538
instant1541
to prick fast upon1565
impend1674
simmer1703
depend1710
loom1827
to knock about1866
to come up1909
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. Prol. l. 52 Befor þat þe tyme of destruccioun shulde stonden in [L. antequam depopulationis tempus instaret].
c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 39 (MED) Now, now, as ye se stondith yn to vs the day of oure Iugement.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Tobit vi. 18 No thing oþer but to preyeeres þou shalt stonden in [a1425 L.V. ȝyue tent] with hire.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > party or faction > join or form a party or take sides [verb (intransitive)]
to stand in1555
to fall ina1568
partialize1592
side1609
party1656
to take (also hold) sides1700
(to be) on a person's, the other side of the fence1852
1555 N. Ridley Brief Declar. Lordes Supper sig. A7 The controuersie..which at this daye troubleth the churche (wherin any meane learned man, either olde or newe, dothe stande in).
a1570 R. Morice in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) 24 He never shranke from the facte but stowtlie stode in with them in disputation.
5. intransitive. Nautical. To direct one's course towards the shore, another vessel, etc. Cf. main sense 41b.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > sail towards shore
to stand in1582
to bear in1587
to bear with —1587
to fall in1598
1582 R. Madox Register 21 May in E. S. Donno Elizabethan in 1582 (1976) 285 M. Whode,..being an open mowthede feloe, began hearat chafingly to swear, and cawlyng to the Frawncys, willed hir to stand yn for M. Hawkins.
1694 Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. 181 We stood in for the Land.
1744 A. Dobbs Remarks upon Capt. Middleton's Def. 37 The Ship stood in near the Shore to take him in.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xix. 141 Wishing to ‘fill up’ with water..we stood close in.
1892 Chambers's Jrnl. 27 Feb. 135/2 The captain,..noticing something strange, stood in to discover its meaning.
2012 @onelamportwo 5 Feb. in twitter.com (accessed 14 Nov. 2019) Just passing North of Mers el Kebir in dawn twilight and wondering how Somerville must have felt as he stood in towards the coast.
6.
a. intransitive. colloquial. Chiefly with with. To share or participate in an activity, enterprise, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate together or with [verb (intransitive)] > participate
common1357
to take partc1384
communea1393
participe1511
participate1531
join1560
share1570
to bear a part1596
intercommon1626
to join in1785
to be in it1819
to stand in1858
to get into (also in on) the act1947
(to be) in on the act1951
to muck in1952
to opt in1966
the mind > language > speech > agreement > consent > consent to [verb (transitive)]
thave835
baithea1350
consentc1386
accordc1400
agreea1413
sustainc1425
to fall to ——a1450
exalt1490
avow1530
to stand satisfactory to1576
teem1584
assent1637
to close with1654
fiat1831
to stand in1911
wear1925
1858 A. Mayhew Paved with Gold iii. xx. 383 The policeman who ‘stood in’ for this robbery saw the rogues depart with their plunder.
1911 M. Beerbohm Zuleika Dobson viii. 138 ‘Dorset,’ he said huskily, ‘I shall die too’... ‘I stand in with that,’ said Mr. Oover [an American]. ‘So do I!’ said Lord Sayes.
2019 @Tarkett40 14 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 14 Oct. 2019) Ok. A small party will try and stand up for Canadians with 15% of the vote and stand in with the libs to stop a conservative Gvt.
b. intransitive. colloquial (chiefly U.S.). To have a friendly or profitable arrangement or understanding, or to be on good terms, with (a person). Cf. in with at in adv. Phrases 4a, stand-in n. 1. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1860 G. J. Whyte-Melville Market Harborough xv, in Sporting Mag. Sept. 172 The valet..who..made a point of ‘standing in’ with all the upper servants, treated the stud-groom with considerable deference.
1911 G. Bronson-Howard Enemy to Society iii. 38 They'd never harm a pal, not for a million bucks, and so it's handy to stand in with 'em.
1955 B. Schulberg Waterfront vii. 84 But I can't get no job and I never stood in good enough with Johnny Friendly.
7. intransitive. To take the place of another in a position, role, or job, usually temporarily; to deputize or act as a substitute for (a person); spec. (originally U.S.) to act as a substitute for a principal actor during technical preparations for filming or recording, such as setting up cameras and lighting. Also in extended use. Cf. stand-in n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > delegated authority > action or function of a delegate or deputy > act as delegate or deputy [verb (intransitive)]
to keep (a person's) steadc1450
vicariate1827
deputize1869
substitute1888
to stand in1904
rep1922
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > performer > appear as performer [verb (intransitive)] > act as substitute
to stand in1904
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > actors or characters > [verb (intransitive)] > act as substitute for principal actor
to stand in1904
1904 G. Gardner in Eng. Dial. Dict. V. 725/2 [East Kent] Mrs. —— will stand in while Mrs. —— is ill.
1931 Washington Post 9 Feb. 9/6 Miss Robinson ‘stands in’ for Betty while cameras are focused.
1955 Times 6 June 7/6 There is always a way, especially in Russia where queueing has had to be carried to a fine art. You can employ the willing services of an Armenian or Georgian or other agile-minded person who will stand in for you or will, in turn, get another to stand in for him.
1978 ‘B. Graeme’ Double Trouble ii. 20 She has to stand-in for the star while they are working out lighting, camera angles and so on... They try to have a stand-in as much like the star as possible.
2016 Mega June 65/1 Mackerel or tangigue stands in for traditional chicken in their localized chasseur.
1. intransitive. Nautical. Of a vessel (esp. a sailing vessel): to move away from the coast, another vessel, etc., without losing contact. Cf. to stand out 5 at Phrasal verbs 1, main sense 41b.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > sail away from shore or ships
to stand off1591
to stand away1600
to bear away1614
to stand out to sea1625
outstand1866
off1882
1591 Hortop's Trauailes Eng. Man (rev. ed.) 16 The Minion was forced to set saile & stand off from vs, and come to an ancor without shot of the Iland.
a1661 J. Glanville Voy. Cadiz (1883) 117 Wee tacked about againe and stood off to Sea.
1764 J. Byron in J. Hawkesworth Voy. (1785) I. 13 Having stood off in the night, we now wore and stood in again.
1891 Longman's Mag. Oct. 591 Howard..had to tack and stand off to sea.
1968 N.Y. Times 13 Aug. 36/1 A deciding heat was scheduled, but to everyone's embarrassment, the Bluenose..was sighted standing off to sea.
2007 Irish Times (Nexis) 17 Jan. 1 A container ship..steamed to the area and located the two men in the life raft. The ship stood off while both were winched on board the helicopter.
2.
a. intransitive. To remain at or withdraw to a standing position further away; to move or stay away.Chiefly in imperative in early use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > distance > distance or farness > be or remain at a distance [verb (intransitive)]
to stand apart1538
to stand off1600
to hold off1604
to keep awaya1616
to keep offa1616
distance1658
to keep one's luff1682
to keep back1836
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > to some distance
elongc1500
to stand away1567
to stand off1600
1600 A. Munday et al. First Pt. True Hist. Sir I. Old-castle sig. H3v Lieft. Lay hold on him. Harp. Stand off if you loue your puddings.
1631 B. Jonson New Inne iv. iii. 23 She is some Giantesse! Ile stand off, For feare she swallow me.
1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. x. 93 Stand off, approach not, but thy Purpose tell.
1890 Graphic Summer No. 14/2 The rider..told him with a curse to stand off.
1997 I. Sinclair Lights out for Territory (1998) 157 Atkins and I stood off to watch this amazing head-to-head.
b. intransitive. figurative. To maintain distance between oneself and another person, group, etc., with respect to one's attitudes, actions, or interests; to be aloof, unhelpful, or unaccommodating. Frequently with from.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > lack sensitivity [verb (intransitive)] > be emotionally detached
to stand off1602
1602 J. Colleton Iust Def. Slandered Priestes iii. 95 There were but ten or 12, at most, who stood off, to admit the authoritie.
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 265 I did not stand off, but gaue him all that he had giuen me.
1705 tr. W. Bosman New Descr. Coast of Guinea xi. 175 Though I desired nothing more, yet I stood off as though I was not to be perswaded to that.
1889 Universal Rev. Sept. 32 He has politicly stood off from her appeals.
1994 L. de Bernières Capt. Corelli's Mandolin xxv. 164 The two populations stood off from each other, defusing by means of jokes the guilty suspicion on the one side and the livid resentment on the other.
2009 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 10 June The Bank of England which has stood off from direct help for the corporate sector, fearing a long a line of supplicants at its door.
c. transitive. U.S. colloquial. Originally: †to put off, evade (a questioner, creditor, etc.) (obsolete). Later: to keep off, keep at a distance; to repel, keep at bay.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > contrive to escape or evade > treat with evasion
to put by1618
to put off1630
stave1646
parry1687
to pass off1811
to stall off1819
to stand off1871
1871 Evening Jrnl. (Indianapolis) 2 Oct. House..was endeavoring Saturday night to pay the remainder to Sol. Moritz, on a suit of clothes, and ‘stand him off’ for the balance.
1887 F. Francis Saddle & Mocassin 181 Loop-holed! Well, the men who built this place expected occasionally to have to ‘stand off’ irate Mexicans.
1938 W. Smitter F.O.B. Detroit ix. 75 She's not hard-boiled. That's only put on to stand off the tough guys that she danced with.
1954 Washington Post 18 June 1/3 The challenger..stood him off with lefts and landed two hard rights to the heart.
2001 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 28 Oct. iv. 1/4 After Grant outflanked the Confederates and encircled Vicksburg, they stood him off for weeks.
d. transitive. Chiefly British. To discharge (a worker) temporarily or permanently, typically because of a shortage of work (frequently in passive). Also intransitive: (of a worker) to be discharged in this way. Cf. to stand down 5b at Phrasal verbs 1, to lay off 6 at lay v.1 Phrasal verbs. Now somewhat dated.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > lack of work > [verb (transitive)] > lay off temporarily
to stand off1910
society > occupation and work > lack of work > [verb (intransitive)] > be unemployed > temporarily
to stand off1910
1910 Co-operator (Sydney) 20 July 9/6 In wet weather they were stood off at times and at other times they had to work.
1927 A. M. Carr-Saunders & D. C. Jones Surv. Social Struct. Eng. & Wales 135 It is not uncommon for indentures to contain a clause enabling the employer to ‘stand off’ the apprentice without pay if there is no work for him.
1940 H. G. Wells New World Order §5. 58 A state of five million people with half a million of useless hands, will be twice as unstable as forty million with two million standing off.
2018 Surrey Mirror (Nexis) 19 Apr. 36 The In Bloom volunteers were ‘stood off’ on Saturday because of the annual Horticultural Spring Show being held at Tatsfield Village Hall.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > be different [verb (intransitive)]
diversec1384
discorda1387
swervea1400
differ?c1400
varyc1400
differencec1425
square?c1450
abhor1531
repugna1538
dissent1539
recede1570
discrepate1590
ablude1610
decline1615
to stand offa1616
particularize1637
distinguish1649
deviate1692
to stand apart1709
veer1796
to be a long way from1917
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate, come, or go apart [verb (intransitive)] > remain separate
to stand offa1616
the world > space > distance > distance or farness > be or remain at a distance [verb (intransitive)] > of things
to stand off1705
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. iii. 121 Strange is it that our bloods Of colour, waight, and heat, pour'd all together, Would quite confound distinction: yet stands off In differences so mightie. View more context for this quotation
1644 J. Goodwin Θεομαχια 52 Your judgements stand off from the cause..and you can see nothing of God in it.
1705 J. Collier Ess. Moral Subj.: Pt. III i. 16 The Flames being observ'd to stand off, and not touch his body.
4. intransitive. Of a thing: to project, protrude, jut out (from a surface, etc.). Also (and in earliest use) figurative: to be conspicuous or prominent. Cf. to stand out 1a at Phrasal verbs 1.In quot. 1624: (of a picture) to appear as if in relief.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > [verb (intransitive)] > strikingly
shinec1340
to stand fortha1425
to stick out1612
to stick off1613
to stand offa1616
stare1645
glare1712
to stand out1824
to burn out, forth1834
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project or be prominent [verb (intransitive)]
tootc897
shootc1000
to come outOE
abuta1250
to stand outc1330
steek?c1335
risea1398
jutty14..
proferc1400
strutc1405
to stick upa1500
issuec1515
butt1523
to stick outc1540
jut1565
to run out1565
jet1593
gag1599
poke1599
proke1600
boke1601
prosiliate1601
relish1611
shoulder1611
to stand offa1616
protrude1704
push1710
projecta1712
protend1726
outstand1755
shove1850
outjut1851
extrude1852
bracket1855
to corbel out1861
to set out1892
pier1951
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > relief and texture > [verb (intransitive)] > appear as if in relief
to stand offa1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) ii. ii. 100 'Tis so strange, That though the truth of it stands off as grosse As blacke and white, my eye will scarsely see it.
1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. ii. 84 Picture is best when it standeth off, as if it were carued.
1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. i. 32 The farther the Back Sinew stands off from the Bone, the better it is.
1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. v. 408 The parson was a little, meagre, black-looking man, with a grizzled wig that was too wide, and stood off from each ear.
1933 Washington Post 20 Aug. ii. 6/7 The stiff wing collar which stands off from the shoulders in a fly-away fashion.
2009 Jrnl. Crustacean Biol. 29 165/2 A small process..stands off from the lacinia like the foot of an L.
Nautical. Now rare.
to stand on intransitive. To main contact with another vessel, the shore, etc., by sailing away from and then towards it; to sail on alternate tacks. Cf. main sense 41b, off and on adv. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > sail towards or away from shore alternately
to stand off and on1600
to stand on and off1778
on-and-off1823
1600 F. Pretty in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 823 We fel in sight of the yland of S. Helena, seuen or eight leagues short of it, hauing but a small gale of winde, or almost none at all: insomuch as we could not get vnto it that day, but stood off and on all that night.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. vi. 58 The weather made it dangerous to supply their ships by standing off and on.
1855 H. J. Rogers Amer. Code Marine Signals (ed. 2) 113/1 We shall stand off and on till the following hour.
1984 P. O'Brian Far Side of World (1994) 76 Jack thought it most probable that by making Cape St Roque and there standing off and on he would either find her on her way south or at least have news of her.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > future [verb (intransitive)] > be imminent
comeOE
nigha1225
to draw nearc1330
approachc1374
drawa1375
to stand ina1382
to stand ona1382
instand1382
to draw ona1450
proacha1450
to draw nigha1470
to fall at handa1535
to hang by (on, upon) a threada1538
instant1541
to prick fast upon1565
impend1674
simmer1703
depend1710
loom1827
to knock about1866
to come up1909
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xxi. 15 Fro the face of the swerd stondende on [L. a facie gladii imminentis].
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. Prol. l. 54 Now þe caitifte stod on [L. jam captivitas imminebat].
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > be determined on [verb]
willa1387
set1390
to be bentc1400
to stand on?1440
to sit fast upon (something)1565
consist1588
to stick out1837
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 71 Coloured, stond not on to bisily To se thy lond, but rather fatte and swete [L. color tamen non magno opere quaerendus est, sed pinguedo atque dulcedo].
3. intransitive. Nautical. To continue on one's course. Cf. main sense 41b.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > continue on course
to stand on1627
to carry on1832
1627 Continued Iournall Proc. Duke of Buckingham on Isle of Ree 17 Aug. 1 Wee stoode on to Sea that night, with a fresh gayle of winde, which serued vs vntill the next morning at two of the clocke.
1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 111 The Admiral continued, with a press of sail, standing on close to the wind.
1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. iii. 53 Is A to stand on; and if not, why not?
2002 D. Lambdin Sea of Grey xii. 339 Bowing to full winds past the eastern end she stood on for fifteen nautical miles before coming about to starboard tack, to clear the shoals of the Lang's Bank.
Nautical. rare.
to stand out intransitive. To main contact with another vessel, the shore, etc., by sailing away from and then towards it; to sail on alternate tacks; = to stand off and on at Phrasal verbs 1. Cf. main sense 41b, on and off adv. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > sail towards or away from shore alternately
to stand off and on1600
to stand on and off1778
on-and-off1823
1778 J. Cook Jrnl. 19 Jan. (1967) iii. i. 267 While the boats were in shore examining the coast we stood on and off with the Ships, waiting their return.
1938 Motor Boating Feb. 14/1 In 1910, I was a member of the crew of the two-masted schooner Sada... For five hours we stood on and off. I could see the lights of my own house and I was anxious to get home.
1.
a. intransitive. To project, protrude, jut out (from a surface, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project or be prominent [verb (intransitive)]
tootc897
shootc1000
to come outOE
abuta1250
to stand outc1330
steek?c1335
risea1398
jutty14..
proferc1400
strutc1405
to stick upa1500
issuec1515
butt1523
to stick outc1540
jut1565
to run out1565
jet1593
gag1599
poke1599
proke1600
boke1601
prosiliate1601
relish1611
shoulder1611
to stand offa1616
protrude1704
push1710
projecta1712
protend1726
outstand1755
shove1850
outjut1851
extrude1852
bracket1855
to corbel out1861
to set out1892
pier1951
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 745 At is mouþ fif toskes stoden out, Euerich was fif enches about.
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. i. sig. Hijv My chynne standynge out lyke as aged folkes lyppes do, that be totheles.
a1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1976) 51 The Peer of Dover which stands out in the Sea.
1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xi. 202 The Work..is required to stand out free from the outer Flat of the Cheeks of the Coller.
1743 R. Blair Grave 16 Oh! how his Eyes stand out, and stare full ghastly!
1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. I. i. 6 The veins stood out like whipcord.
1999 C. Mendelson Home Comforts lx. 709/2 Safety ladders..should be made of metal and constructed in such a way that the steps stand out from the wall.
b. intransitive. figurative. To be conspicuous or prominent; to be of particular significance or importance. Cf. to stick out 1b at stick v.1 Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > [verb (intransitive)] > strikingly
shinec1340
to stand fortha1425
to stick out1612
to stick off1613
to stand offa1616
stare1645
glare1712
to stand out1824
to burn out, forth1834
1824 Effigies Poeticæ I. 13 James, no doubt, stood out from his age as a graceful poet; but we cannot altogether subscribe to the opinion of his countrymen with respect to his merit.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §6. 518 John Pym..stands out for all after time as the embodiment of law.
1929 Yale Law Jrnl. 38 571 Where such voting rights exist,..this privilege stands out as one of the few remaining forms of shareholder control.
2021 A. G. Constantinou Applied Res. on Policing for Police viii. 106 What really stands out is the fact that one way or another all personnel working at police stations are kept busy.
c. intransitive. To be clearly distinguishable (from or against a background, the surroundings, etc.); to be easily visible or noticeable; (of detail in painting) to appear as if in relief. Cf. to stand out from the crowd at crowd n.3 Additions b.Often in similative expressions; cf. to stand out like a sore thumb at sore adj.1 9e.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > be visible [verb (intransitive)] > be clearly visible > by contrast
relieve1795
to stand out1835
lift1912
1835 London Lit. Gaz. 3 Jan. 6/1 Individual characters are cleverly drawn; and Mourteen Maher, the mayor himself, is a whole-length portrait, which stands out well from the canvass.
1856 G. J. Whyte-Melville Kate Coventry ix. 110 Lucy's white face stood out in the lamp-light.
1926 Amer. Mercury Mar. 322/2 He stands out like a sequoia amidst sagebrush—a scholar alone in a mob of Mormon bishops, tank-town annotators and hicks.
1987 N. Spinrad Little Heroes (1989) 199 Glorianna O'Toole stood out against the backdrop of the brilliant pixels of the shimmering cityscape, outlined in their kirilian aura, her hair blowing in the wind.
d. transitive. Now chiefly Nigerian English. To cause (someone or something) to be prominent, distinguished, or notable, especially due to their being better than other people or things. Also reflexive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > state of being noteworthy or remarkable > render noteworthy [verb (transitive)]
distinguea1340
point1532
distinguish1600
signalize1613
to stand out1911
1911 Macon (Missouri) Times-Democrat 7 Dec. (advt.) 2/5 Critically correct style stands them [sc. the garments] out from and above the multitude of so-called fashionable affairs.
2020 Nigerian Tribune (Nexis) 11 Nov. We have seen him throughout his life as a voice on the side of progress and that was what stood him out.
2021 Sun (Nigeria) (Nexis) 13 Jan. His wealth of experience in the private sector stood him out from his rivals.
2. † a. intransitive. To choose not to take part in (an undertaking, etc.); to decline to be involved; to hold aloof (from doing something). In later use: spec. not to take part in a match, game, or dance; cf. to stand down 4a at Phrasal verbs 1, to sit out 1a at sit v. Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.† c. intransitive. To go on strike; to continue to strike. Cf. standout n. 1, to stick out 3b at stick v.1 Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > separate [verb (intransitive)] > stand aloof or take no part
keep cut?a1400
to stand out?1496
to sit out1558
?1496 Abbaye Holy Ghost sig. aiv Yf thyse shall be reysyd vp to ye worshyp of god: they must stonde out fro worldly noyse [c1440 Thornton be owte ofe worldly noyse]. fro worldly besynesse & angre.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres 56 The breadth or front thereof shall be found by deuiding the 5000 men by 46 the length of the battell, and there will come 108 men in ranke for breadth of the battell, and 32 men remaining, the which 32 men shall stand out of the battell.
1616 B. Jonson Epicœne i. i, in Wks. I. 533 Trv...mary the Chimney-sweepers will not be drawne in. Cle. No, nor the Broome-men: They stand out stiffely. View more context for this quotation
1671 T. Shadwell Humorists v I am resolved to play at a small game, rather than stand out.
1690 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 6 Dr. Timothy Hall, bishop of Oxon., has lately taken the oathes to their majesties, which he has stood out from doeing till the utmost time was come.
1890 Field 10 May 673/1 The captain and the secretary stood out on this occasion, but arranged twelve Seniors a-side.
1893 National Observer 7 Oct. 535/2 The ladies proposed a dance..The Captain himself stood out.
b. intransitive. To move away (from a group, shelter, etc.) and stand apart or in open view.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > part or go away in different directions > separate from the general company
to stand out1569
to stand by1590
secede1702
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 285 Another honest Burgesse stood out and sayde, I will keepe company with my Gossyp Eustace.
1629 T. Hobbes tr. Thucydides Eight Bks. Peloponnesian Warre viii. 499 Pisander, at this great opposition and querimony, stood out, and going amongst them, tooke out one by one those that were against it [sc. the ambassadors' proposition].
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xiv. 86 To stand out to receive..the first motions to an address of this awful nature.
1849 G. P. R. James Woodman I. iii. 51 Stand out, and tell us who you are, creeping along there under the boughs.
1892 Graphic 17 Dec. 743/3 The master prefers..to order the wrongdoer to ‘stand out’.
2020 Irish Independent (Nexis) 29 Sept. 23 Rising to the challenge, I stood out into the aisle with my feet apart.
ΚΠ
1813 Caledonian Mercury 13 Mar. It was agreed to strike work… Considerable sums of money were raised in order to support those who stood out.
1926 Citizen (Gloucester) 1 Oct. 6/4 The Notts miners' leader..said if he could see any chance of the men winning by standing out he would readily tell them so.
3.
a. intransitive. To persist in opposition or resistance against; to refuse to yield or comply with; to resist, hold out. Also transitive with it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)] > resist > resist resolutely
i-standOE
atstand?c1225
to hold out rubbers1573
to stand out1574
to hold out1585
stay1593
to stand one's ground1600
to stick out1677
to stand brush1794
1574 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. St. Paule to Galathians x. f. 75v Let vs not sticke too arme our selues too the battell, and too stande out agaynst them too the vttermost.
1601 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse Martij 1600 37 Nor will I mention his oft standing out with her if he were thwarted.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia p. vii The Mountains in all Conquests the last that stand out.
1708 S. Ockley Conquest of Syria 271 Knowing very well how hard it would go with them if they should stand it out obstinately to the last, and be taken by Storm.
1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xxviii. 287 The Commons threw away their humility, and stood out boldly.
1887 G. R. Sims Mary Jane's Mem. 296 I have had to stand out with my editor once or twice on that..point.
1928 Weekly Irish Times 18 Feb. 2/3 We stood it out for a while, but we lost money hand over hand trying to compete with Livesey's.
2006 Times (Nexis) 22 Nov. 7 Mordor is obviously Nazi Germany. So does that make Gondor, the last kingdom to stand out against him, Britain?
b. intransitive. to stand out for: to speak or act in support or defence of (a person, cause, etc.). Cf. to stand up for at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (transitive)] > support or defend
to stand by ——OE
to speak for ——a1300
to stand for ——1384
maintainc1390
to stand up for1562
to stand out for?c1576
to stand to ——1582
patronize1595
stickle1632
to stick up for1792
championize1840
champion1844
to take up the cudgels1869
?c1576 Song of Rid Square xxxvi in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1934) I. 96 None stoutlier stood out for their laird Nor did the lads of liddisdail.
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 530 When Ahaz..was in distresse, he sends to Tiglath Pileser, that should stand out for him.
1716 Flying Post 3–5 Jan. The only Place that stood out for the King, was the House of Colloden.
1891 Chambers's Jrnl. 19 Sept. 593/2 He has not grit enough to stand out for justice and honesty.
1907 A. Fortescue Orthodox Eastern Church iv. x. 278 Poor Patriarch!.. Shall he denounce Philetism, stand out for the old rights of the hierarchy and of the chief sees, preach unity and ancient councils?
2013 Daily Trust (Abuja) (Nexis) 22 Feb. This bastardisation of Sarauta is a series of four self-inflicted wounds. The first is its failure to stand out for justice for non-Muslims under its care.
c. intransitive. To haggle, bargain; to make a determined demand for (specified terms).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > make an agreement [verb (intransitive)] > negotiate
driveOE
treat1297
chaffer1377
broke1496
hucka1529
capitulate1537
hack1587
haggle1589
huckster1593
negotiate1598
to stand out1606
palter1611
to drive a hard bargaina1628
priga1628
scotch1627
prig1632
higgle1633
to dodge it1652
to beat a (the) bargain1664
1606 T. Heywood 2nd Pt. If you know not Me sig. A3 Gresh. Merry, tell me knaue, Dost not thou think that three score thousand pounds, Would make an honest Marchant try his friends? Fact. Yes, by my faith sir, but you haue a friend Would not see you stand out for twise the summe.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xii. 114 He always stands out and higgles.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. ix. 235 ‘If the secret were mine,’ said the mendicant, ‘I wad stand out for a half.’
1889 H. R. Haggard Col. Quaritch xliii. 325 I am not going to stand out about the price.
1924 Weekly Irish Times 12 Jan. 7/3 The rate of wages..at one period was 26s. 6d. less than that for which the Dublin workers stood out.
2010 Herald Sun (Australia) (Nexis) 15 Sept. 82 Tuddenham had been the victim of his own political battle during the summer of 1969-70 when he and Thompson stood out for better contracts.
4.
a. transitive. To endure to the end, hold out under or against (a difficult or painful experience, harsh conditions, etc.); to last out (a period of time).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > have duration [verb (transitive)] > outlast
to live out1535
outlast1570
outwear1579
outlive1582
supervive1586
outflourish1594
to stand out1600
outdure1611
outstanda1616
outsit1633
survive1633
endure1636
stay1639
outmeasure1646
superlast1648
outstaya1652
last1658
tarrya1662
superannuate1820
outrange1887
to see out1897
the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > adhere constantly or steadfastly to [verb (transitive)] > endure without giving way
tholec1175
suffera1387
outbear1530
to fight out1548
sustain1573
stand1575
hold1592
to stand out1600
to bide out1637
to stand for ——1896
tough1974
1600 P. Holland tr. Florus Breviaries xxxiii. in tr. Livy Rom. Hist. 836 As many as could make meanes to flie more readily and easily away, never stood out the triall of a battaile, but returned home.
1676 H. Phillippes Purchasers Pattern 18 Houses..many times cannot well stand out a long Lease.
1731 Flying Post 14 Dec. If I had been one of those Masters of his, I would no more have stood out the Tryal than I would..have clapt my own Farce in the Pit, while nothing but Hisses and Catcalls were heard.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. vii. 185 It is a sun-burnt beauty,..well qualified to stand out rain and wind.
1855 F. Nightingale in Sir E. Cook Life F. Nightingale (1913) I. 283 I am ready to stand out the War with any man.
2014 Itar-Tass (Nexis) 12 Mar. Konyukhov's Tugroyak rowboat has stood out the storm, driven hither and thither.
b. transitive. To remain standing throughout (an event, period of time, etc.).Now only as a contextual use of sense 4a.In quot. 1840: (Nautical) to ‘stand watch’ (see to stand watch at watch n. 6b) during (a specified period).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise or be standing [verb (intransitive)] > be standing > remain standing throughout an event
to stand out1890
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast vii. 51 We were then divided into three watches, and thus stood out the remainder of the night.
1890 C. Smith Riddle Lawrence Haviland II. iii. iv. 90 He propped himself in an angle of the doorway, and prepared to stand out the performance.
1913 Daily Tel. (Sydney) 20 Oct. (Second ed.) 11/4 Thanks are specially due to the members of the theatrical profession for their unselfish and generous efforts; many of them stood out the whole long day and attended their performances at night.
2014 @nisemontalvo 23 Sept. in twitter.com (accessed 30 Nov. 2021) She was going to be on Good Morning America. And I literally stood the night out on the streets of NY.
5. intransitive. Nautical. To direct one's course away from the shore. Frequently in to stand out to sea. Cf. main sense 41b.In quot. 1885 in a more general sense ‘to start on a journey’.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > sail away from shore or ships
to stand off1591
to stand away1600
to bear away1614
to stand out to sea1625
outstand1866
off1882
1625 2nd Voy. I. Davis & E. Michelborne in S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. iii. i. vi. 135 Then standing out to Sea we saw our Admiral, and in short time got aboord.
1718 N. Rowe tr. Lucan Pharsalia iv. 717 (note) Octavius stood out to sea.
1885 Times 18 Sept. 13/2 We stood out through the thickening rain and ran for the great iron bridge.
1891 Longman's Mag. Oct. 596 They cut their cables..and stood out into the Channel.
1995 N. Miller War at Sea (1996) xiii. 354 An armada of about 2,600 ships and landing craft stood out into the Mediterranean and headed for Sicily.
2018 @markannand 19 July in twitter.com (accessed 29 Nov. 2021) ‘Rose of Argyll’ standing out to sea from Mousehole's festival of Sea Salt and Sail, #Cornwall.
6. † a. transitive. With object clause: to persist in asserting, maintain (that). Also (and in earliest use) with it as object and usually with clause (esp. that-clause) as complement. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > insistence or persistence > insist or persist [verb (transitive)]
to countenance outa1529
to face down (also out)1530
to stand to ——1551
to stand upon it1590
to stand in ——1594
to stand out1653
to stick out1885
sledgehammer1976
1653 R. Carpenter Anabaptist Washt lviii. 220 We are not driven to take Sanctuary at the Terms of the Summulists: and stand it out, that other children in the rigour of Speaking, are such.
1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity i. xiii. 42 They..will stand it out as stoutly for their justification, as these professors of Christianity that they are no Idolaters.
1726 G. Berkeley Let. 19 July in A. C. Fraser Life & Lett. Berkeley (1871) iv. 129 The latter still stands out, that she never received..any of Mrs. Mary's money.
1863 E. C. Gaskell Sylvia's Lovers III. x. 168 It were only yesterday at e'en she were standing out that he liked her better than you.
1899 W. Besant Orange Girl ii. xii. 262 He..stoutly stood it out that he was a gentleman of Cumberland.
b. transitive. colloquial. With double object. To cajole or attempt to cajole (a person) into believing or admitting (that something is the case). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > urge, press, or impel > to admit or believe
to stand out1806
1806 Assembly's Missionary Mag. Mar. 128 Perhaps you will stand me out, that you have known some such instances of these sorts of impressions being fulfilled.
1895 A. A. Leith Plant of Lemon Verbena v. 105 He tried t' stand me out 'twas a white caaf or a cow I'd zeen.
1895 J. Barlow Strangers at Lisconnel ii. 26 I question would any raisonable body stand me out I don't own her be rights.
1951 Alexandra (Victoria, Austral.) Standard 31 Aug. Mary Jane Wilkes..stood me out that ideals was a new brass polish, an' she'd seen a long advertisement of it in the paper that mornin'.
7. intransitive. Of a bill, debt, etc.: to remain unsettled or unpaid. Chiefly in present participle. Cf. outstand v. 3, outstanding adj. 2. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > payment > non-payment > be unpaid (of money, wages, etc.) [verb (intransitive)] > remain unpaid
restc1456
to stand out1678
1678 J. Vernon Compl. Compting-house 208 So that this Accompt is set up, and here is upon this a true sight of all the Bills you have standing out at any time, without going to the Bill-Book.
1736 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 563/1 An Account of all the publick Debts..due or standing out at Christmas, 1735.
1855 Reformed Presbyterian Apr. 68 It has put us to very great inconvenience in settling up our affairs, to have so much debt standing out.
1996 MTI Econews (Nexis) 24 Sept. Hungary and Russia are unlikely to reach agreement on the repayment of a $100-150 million debt standing out from the Comecon era by the end of the year.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > bet on [verb (transitive)] > stick to a bet
to stand out1886
1886 Weekly Irish Times 12 June (Country ed.) 1/6 Sir Frederick Johnstone ‘stood out’ the bet of 6,000 to 500 which he laid against The Bard last summer.
1892 Illustr. Sporting & Dramatic News 28 May 382/2 Personally I would not take 100 to 1, to stand it out.
1. intransitive. Nautical. To depart from one shore and make one's way to or towards another. Cf. main sense 41b. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > leave one shore and sail towards another
to stand over1599
1599 W. Raleigh Let. 27 Aug. (1999) 183 Wee doe therefor pray you..to cause a couple of small barques of Dover to stand over into the sea as farr to the westward as they can.
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. ix. 171 Yet we did not stand over towards Sumatra, but coasted along nearest the Malacca shore.
1757 J. Entick New Naval Hist. 526/1 The Fleet stood over to the opposite Shore of Barbary.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xv. 604 He now stood over to the English shore.
1972 Country Life 14 Sept. 632/1 Since the shores of Newfoundland were shallow and treacherous, the ship stood over towards Labrador.
2.
a. intransitive. To be left or postponed for later consideration, treatment, or settlement; to be carried over; spec. (of a crop plant) to be left unharvested at the end of the season. Cf. over adv. 12a, standover n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)] > defer action until something happens
to wait one's (or the) time, hour, opportunity, etc.c1480
stayc1540
expect1548
attend1560
to stand about ——1564
waita1633
suspend1690
to stand over1771
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)] > be left for consideration at a later date
to stand over1771
1771 F. Vesey Cases High Court Chancery 1 18 The cause stood over several days in hopes of an accommodation: but without effect.
1822 M. Edgeworth Let. 30 May (1971) 404 A beef and pigeon pie that had stood over from the preceding week.
1853 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 14 i. 30 Many acres..are left unsown, and must stand over for Lent corn.
1958 Manch. Guardian 2 Dec. 2/7 The public inquiry will..have to stand over while there is any possibility of further proceedings on any aspect of the matter.
2019 Bay Post (Batemans Bay, Austral.) (Nexis) 19 June Mr. Royds, being in a hurry to reach the place, decided to let further work on it stand over until his return, and completed his journey on foot.
b. transitive. To postpone (something, esp. a legal case) for later consideration, treatment, or settlement. Chiefly in passive.
ΚΠ
1783 J. Brown Rep. High Court Parl. 7 56 On the 11th of May 1772, this cause was heard before the Barons; and after several days hearing, stood over for judgment until the 20th of July.
1877 Graphic 21 July 66/3 After being part heard it was stood over until after judgment in the Ridsdale case.
1907 W. De Morgan Alice-for-Short xx. 229 It is also clear that anything you are going to make a point of can be ‘stood over’ for special attention later.
2019 Daily Tel. (Australia) (Nexis) 3 Sept. 7 The 10-day trial..was stood over for at least 24 hours to allow the parties time to negotiate.
intransitive. Originally: †(of a group) to stand on all sides of someone or something (obsolete). Later: to remain standing in a place without any particular purpose or fixed position. Cf. to stand around at Phrasal verbs 1, to stand about 1 at Phrasal verbs 1.Not common in North American usage, where to stand around is preferred.
ΚΠ
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Corona A companie of men standyng round together.
1741 tr. Marquis d'Argens Chinese Lett. 209 They..stand round making respectful Bows to them [sc. Goats and Sheep] till they are expired.
1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. II. 238 A few ostlers and stable nondescripts were standing round.
1903 Mass. Ploughman 4 Apr. 4/2 The born farmer..likes to stand round and watch the pert, saucy ways of the chickens.
2000 ‘E. McBain’ Last Dance 91 The only other cops at the scene were a pair of blues, both of them standing round looking bewildered.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > presence > be present [verb (intransitive)]
beeOE
rixle?c1225
to be therea1300
to stand toa1382
to stand bya1398
report1560
reside1620
to take place1622
render1874
feature1941
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) 2 Esdras xii. 43 Juda gladide in þe preestis & leuytis stondinge to [a1425 L.V. present; L. adstantibus].
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus Peroration sig. Bb iijv You al..whiche stand to here [L. qui astatis istic] .i. all you, whiche stande here at this presente tyme.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)]
beginc1000
take?a1160
comsea1225
gina1325
commencec1330
tamec1386
to take upa1400
enterc1510
to stand to1567
incept1569
start1570
to set into ——1591
initiate1604
imprime1637
to get to ——1655
flesh1695
to start on ——1885
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eat [verb (intransitive)] > begin to eat
to fall aboard1498
to fall to1577
to stand toa1616
win to1816
to get to1827
to dig in1912
1567 T. Stapleton Counterblast iv. f. 534v M. Fekenham is ready to stand to, and to iustifie al such things as are conteined in this his shedule if he may be suffred.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. iii. 49 I will stand to, and feede. View more context for this quotation
1831 Examiner 193/2 Stand to, and fight it out without fear.
3. intransitive. Military. Originally: to stand ready for an attack (now chiefly historical); (more generally) to prepare for combat. Hence: to come or remain on duty. Frequently in imperative. Cf. stand-to n.Originally elliptical for to stand to (one's) arms at arms n. Phrases 1k.Frequently contrasted with to stand down; cf. to stand down 5a at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military service > serve as a soldier [verb (intransitive)] > come on or off duty
to stand down1915
to stand to1915
1915 F. H. Lawrence Let. 7 Mar. in T. E. Lawrence Home Lett. (1954) 671 I thought the Germans were attacking us, so I passed the word along for all my men to stand to, as we call it.
1916 P. Macgill Red Horizon vii. 95 ‘Stand-to! Stand-to!’ We shuffled out into the open, and took up our posts on the banquette, each in fighting array, equipped with 150 rounds of ball cartridge.
1919 G. K. Rose 2/4th Oxf. & Bucks Lt. Infty. 99 The Germans..were totally surprised. They had not stood-to and many were yet asleep.
1942 E. Waugh Put out More Flags i. 22 She saw him as Siegfried Sassoon, an infantry subaltern in a mud-bogged trench, standing to at dawn,..waiting for zero hour.
2002 E. L. Haney Inside Delta Force 173 We would stand to and get into assault position only to stand down and pull back.
Obsolete.
to stand up 1. intransitive. Of two or more qualities, properties, etc.: to be consistent; to be in harmony or agreement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > agree/be in harmony/be congruous [verb (intransitive)]
accord1340
cord1340
concordc1374
agree1447
to stand togetherc1449
rhyme?a1475
commonc1475
gree?a1513
correspond1529
consent1540
cotton1567
pan1572
reciprocate1574
concur1576
meet1579
suit1589
sorta1592
condog1592
square1592
fit1594
congrue1600
sympathize1601
symbolize1605
to go even1607
coherea1616
congreea1616
hita1616
piece1622
to fall in1626
harmonize1629
consist1638
comply1645
shadow1648
quare1651
atonea1657
symphonize1661
syncretize1675
chime1690
jibe1813
consone1873
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 246 And so these ije. thingis whiche Scripture seith of ydolatrers stonden to gidere and ben trewe.
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer iii. f. ccclvi As I was lerned howe goddes beforewetyng and free choyce of wyl mowe stonden togyther.
1565 T. Harding Answere to Iuelles Chalenge 137 Sith both these verities may well stande together.
1629 H. Burton Babel No Bethel 96 The Arke and Dagon cannot stand together.
1713 H. Felton Diss. Reading Classics 11 Sprightly Youth, and close Application will hardly stand together.
2. intransitive. To inhere in; to be composed of. [Compare classical Latin constāre.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > be composed of or consist of [verb (transitive)]
to be made ofa1200
to stand of ——a1393
to stand togetherc1475
remaina1525
compose?1541
subsist1549
to stand on ——1563
to consist of1565
to stand upon ——1601
to consist in1614
comprise1874
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 47 We..striue to proue þe sacrifice of þe kirk to stond to gidre in two þingis, and to be maad in two þingis to gidre..as þe persoun of Crist stondiþ to gidre of God and man.
1.
a. intransitive. To rise to a standing position from another position.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise or be standing [verb (intransitive)] > rise
arisec1000
astandOE
standOE
to stand upOE
risec1175
risec1175
runge?c1225
uprisea1300
upstanda1300
buskc1390
to fare upa1400
to get upa1400
to win upona1400
dress1490
upget1582
up1635
raise1884
OE tr. Chrodegang of Metz Regula Canonicorum (Corpus Cambr. 191) xxvii. 225 Licge þær astreht eallum lichaman..and syððan arise and stande up butan cyrcan dura.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 656 Þa stod seo kyning up toforen ealle his ðægna & cwæd luddor stefne [etc.].
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16415 Pilate stode vp on his fete mid-ward þat gret gadring.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Song of Sol. v. 5 I stode vp to open vnto my beloued.
1667 Omnia Comesta a Belo 12 If any person coming to Church..do not Stand Up at the Creed.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 112. ¶3 He..sometimes stands up when every Body else is upon their Knees.
1874 C. M. Yonge Cameos cxxi, in Monthly Packet June 523 He stood up in the waggon, and began to sing.
1916 P. Colum in P. Glassgold Anarchy! (2001) 353 This earnest heavy man stood up to speak to a crowd of impoverished Dublin workpeople.
2018 F. Cantú Line becomes River 112 I stood up from my chair and walked closer to meet the bird's interrogating gaze.
b. transitive. Chiefly colloquial. To cause (a person) to rise to a standing position; to cause (a person) to stand in a particular place or position. Also (and in earliest use) reflexive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise [verb (reflexive)]
risec1175
arearc1220
right?c1225
to do up?c1335
dressa1400
raisec1450
to stand up1533
rearc1580
upend1900
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise [verb (transitive)] > cause to rise
raisea1500
to stand up1533
stand1838
1533 T. More 2nd Pt. Confut. Tyndals Answere viii. p. cccclxxxviii Theruppon he..stode hym vp vpon a bench and made a proclamacyon.
1787 Characters in Ann. Reg. 16/2 When he found in the house of peers the general disapprobation and dislike of it, he stood himself up and spake against it.
1853 Arthur's Home Mag. July 42/1 The father..stood him up in the corner, saying, ‘You will stand here and study your lesson’.
1896 Chapman's Mag. Nov. 278 ‘I won't gie way,’ says my grandmother to herself. An' she stood herself up agin' the bank o' the pit, meaning fur to die in that persition.
1914 W. T. Ellis ‘Billy’ Sunday xxii. 280 Charles called a little girl out of the audience to sing... Charlie stood her up in a chair by the pulpit.
2019 @pugsrulemyworld 26 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 5 Nov. 2019) I suffered two terrible anxiety attacks. To the point where I legit couldn't stand myself up.
c. intransitive. To remain upright on one's feet under (a heavy weight). Chiefly (and in earliest use) figurative, esp. in religious contexts. Cf. to stand under —— 2 at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise or be standing [verb (intransitive)] > be standing > under something heavy
to stand up1627
1627 J. Rogers Doctr. Faith 77 If you lay a load on a man too heavie for him, presently he sinkes under it, but yet hee can stand up under the burthen of hearing the everlasting wrath of God for his infinite sinnes.
1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 164 For the grace, the benefit, the pardon, was sudden, glorious, and so big, that they were not able without staggering to stand up under it. View more context for this quotation
1790 W. Wills Grace Triumphant 43 So big were they [sc. the promises of God], and so powerfully applied unto my soul, that I could scarcely stand up under such a weight of glory.
1805 W. Gordon tr. Livy Rom. Hist. i. 52 Curiatius could scarce stand up under his arms.
1839 G. Mogridge Old Humphrey's Addr. 86 I never could have stood up under the load of trouble and trials..that God, in mercy, has given me strength to sustain.
1982 R. Chamberlain tr. V.-L. Beaulieu J. Connaissant 27 I wonder what would have become of us if we hadn't really loved each other, and how we could have stood up under the weight of so much.
d. intransitive. colloquial. to stand up in: to be dressed in; to be wearing. Frequently in (only) the clothes one stands up in. Cf. to stand in —— 2 at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [verb (transitive)]
wearc893
weighc897
beareOE
haveOE
usea1382
to get on1679
sport1778
to stand up in1823
take1868
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > that which is worn
wearing?c1225
every stitch?a1500
(only) the clothes one stands up in1937
1823 New Times 20 Dec. He took one watch with him, but was prevented taking anything else, except what he stood up in.
1937 ‘G. Orwell’ Road to Wigan Pier ix. 182 I..planned..how one could..start out with no money and nothing but the clothes one stood up in.
1944 N. Streatfeild Curtain Up vi. 71 Monsieur Manoff and most of his pupils..escaped to America... They had, of course, nothing but what they stood up in.
2003 S. Mackay Heligoland (2004) ii. 18 She needed only the clothes she stood up in, for she was going to weave a cloack from bracken, but she had tied her pink ribbon in her hair.
e. intransitive. colloquial (originally U.S.). will the real —— please stand up?: used rhetorically to indicate that the specified person should clarify their position, or reveal their true character.Used as a catchphrase in the U.S. television game show To Tell the Truth (first broadcast in 1956), in which three contestants each attempted to convince the panellists and audience that they were the person whose unusual occupation or experience had been recounted by the host. At the end of the round, the contestant who had been telling the truth was asked to rise:
1956 To tell the Truth (transcribed from TV programme) 25 Dec. Will the real Mitchell Parish please stand up?
ΚΠ
1960 Sunday Gaz.-Mail (Charleston, W. Va.) 10 Apr. (Comics section) Will the real Thomas Jones please stand up?
1973 Illustr. London News July 76/3 Will the real Kate Brown please stand up and show herself?
1981 Nature 12 Mar. 89 (heading) Will the real Grenville Orogeny please stand up.
2000 ‘Eminem’ Real Slim Shady (transcribed from song) Will the real Slim Shady please stand up?
2004 Q Sept. 30/2 A $450 Pomeranian-chihuahua mix puppy was snatched by a man with a bleached blond crop, tattoos and a ‘Shady’ T-shirt. Would the real dognapper please stand up?
2.
a. intransitive. literal and figurative. To remain standing bravely to confront an opponent, face a hostile situation, etc.; to make a stand against (as opposed to to stand up for).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)] > confront
to stand upc1175
confront1612
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16138 Hat lufess fir..Iss kinndledd i þatt herrte. Þatt..stanndeþþ upp biforenn follc...To niþþrenn woh wiþþ all hiss mahht.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Num. xxvi. B This is yt Dathan & Abiram, those famous men in the congregacion, which stode vp agaynst Moses and Aaron in the company of Corah.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xiv. 78 Giue me thy sword, a pesant stand vp thus. View more context for this quotation
1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 12. 81 Such Men would stand up..against the Machinations of Popery and Slavery.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xv. 506 With the same spirit with which he had stood up against the Stuarts he had stood up against the Cromwells.
1897 A. E. Houghton Gilbert Murray xvii. 273 The smaller boy, who, though still standing up pluckily, was getting decidedly the worst of it.
1973 Sat. Evening Post (U.S.) July 46 How can a lone female wildcatter hope to stand up against these malignant men surrounding her?
2007 Church Times 1 June 7/1 The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland..called on the Kirk to reject Christian Zionism and to stand up against human trafficking.
b. to stand up to.
(a) intransitive. To meet, face, or withstand (an opponent, situation, etc.) courageously.See also to stand up to the rack at rack n.4 1e.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > confront
abidec1275
stand?1316
visagec1386
bidec1400
to stand to ——1562
affront1569
to look (a person, etc.) in the face1573
outface1574
front1582
to meet with1585
confront1594
propose1594
to stand up to1596
outfront1631
to stand forth to1631
head1682
meet1725
the mind > emotion > courage > moral courage > one who braves danger > defy danger (person or thing) [verb]
face1570
dare1580
out-countenancec1585
to stand up to1596
outdare1598
to carry it off1663
to take the bull by the horns1711
brave1776
the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise or be standing [verb (intransitive)] > be standing > in water, mud, etc., up to knees
to stand inc1175
to stand up to1596
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist > maintain resistance against
to stand before ——OE
bearOE
tholec1175
sustainc1330
last1340
suffera1387
support1483
outstand1571
hold1592
to hold outa1616
ridea1649
brunt1800
to stand up to1921
1596 H. Broughton Daniel ii. H3 Three kinges stande vp to Paras: and the fourth shalbe farre richer then they all.
a1625 J. Fletcher Rule a Wife (1640) iii. 27 He stood up to me And mated my commands.
1823 ‘J. Bee’ Slang (at cited word) ‘Stand up to him’ (ring); do not flinch from the blows.
1827 W. Scott Two Drovers in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. xiii. 307 He found few antagonists able to stand up to him in the boxing ring.
1892 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 151 102/1 Few men..ventured to stand up boldly to such terrific bowling.
1894 Speaker 9 June 640/1 He knuckled under to any one who chose to stand up to him.
1948 Life 6 Sept. 94/2 There [sc. Potsdam] the President was informed that the first atomic bomb had been dropped in New Mexico—with complete success. But he did not stand up to Stalin.
2004 F. Lawrence Not on Label i. 5 They seem to be after a monopoly. But maybe that's not such a bad thing, if we're going to stand up to the power of the supermarkets.
(b) intransitive. figurative and in figurative contexts. Of a thing: to endure, withstand (hard use, criticism, etc.).With quot. 1907 cf. to stand to —— 5b at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΚΠ
1907 Washington Post 7 Apr. 18/1 (advt.) Roadability tests have shown it can stand up to its work on the worst roads in the world.
1921 G. B. Shaw Back to Methuselah p. lxxxv I had seen Bible fetichism, after standing up to all the rationalistic batteries of Hume, Voltaire, and the rest, collapse before the onslaught of much less gifted Evolutionists.
1940 Punch 11 Dec. p. xiii Nylon tufts will stand up to an incredible amount of hard use.
2006 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 23 June 7 The box and all the equipment is very robust and will stand up to any amount of ill treatment.
c. intransitive. Of an argument, claim, piece of evidence, etc.: to remain valid after close scrutiny or analysis; to be tenable.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > confirmation of hypothesis, theory > theorize [verb (intransitive)] > of theory: be tenable
to stand up1936
1936 N.Y. Times 10 Oct. 9/2 He borrowed from the New Deal the phrase ‘never be hampered by fact if you can create a campaign issue that looks good, even if it doesn't stand up.’
1948 N.Y. Jrnl.-Amer. 9 May 1/3 Authorities here voiced doubt..whether such a charge would ‘stand up’.
1962 Listener 10 May 814/3 It will be interesting to see if this conclusion stands up when more results become available.
2019 BBC Focus Mag. Coll. 11 87/1 Evidence for herbal supplements gingseng and gingko biloba fails to stand up to strict scrutiny. The same goes for practically every other ‘brain booster.’
3.
a. intransitive. To be set upright; to be or become erect.With reference to hair, cf. main sense 18b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > vertical position > be vertical [verb (intransitive)] > be or become upright
standOE
to stand upc1225
upstandc1275
risea1382
redress1480
stem1577
to prick up1657
upend1896
c1225 (?c1200) Sawles Warde (Bodl.) (1938) 8 Lonc he is..& his leor deaðlich..& euch her þuncheð þet stont in his heaued up.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3779 In slepe he sagh stand vp a sti, Fra his heued right to þe ski.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxiii. 294 Vp with the tymbre fast on ende... A, it standys vp lyke a mast!
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xi. 80 And ane vthir speyr set & bundyn athort betuix the tua speyris that stude vp fra the eyrd lyik ane gallus.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 321 Up stood the cornie Reed Embattell'd in her field. View more context for this quotation
1793 W. Holwell Mythol. Dict. 415 An iron or bronze frame, wherein were three or four tines, which stood up upon a circular basis of the same metal.
1896 J. W. Kirkaldy & E. C. Pollard tr. J. E. V. Boas Text Bk. Zool. 391 The Sea Hedgehog (Diodon) is beset with bony spines, which stand up when the animal puffs itself out.
2017 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 19 Apr. 11 I fell on to the draining board and on top of the knife, which was standing up.
b. intransitive. Of smoke, a flame, etc.: to rise up; to issue upwards. Cf. main sense 38.Apparently unrecorded between the Middle English period and the 19th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > [verb (intransitive)] > of vapour, etc.: be emitted, rise, or pass off
to stand upc1300
risea1382
exhalec1400
steam1582
fume1594
suffumigate1599
emanate1818
off-gas1979
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > rise or go up [verb (intransitive)] > of flame or vapour
to stand upc1300
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > become fire [verb (intransitive)] > blaze or flame > flame in specific shape
to stand upc1300
spire1591
tongue1814
c1300 St. Brendan (Laud) l. 501 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 233 Þe leiȝe stod op an heiȝ ase þei it a wal were.
a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) i. 1818 Þe stem stod vp, so þey blew.
1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad vii. 11 When smoke stood up from Ludlow, And mist blew off from Teme.
1943 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) 23 Apr. 1/6 Suddenly there is a huge column of fire standing up against the evening sky.
2018 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 1 Aug. ‘Just because you see a big column (of smoke) standing up every day does not mean we're not having some success in the fire line,’ Cal Fire Battalion Chief John Messina told a community meeting in Lake County.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > become open [verb (intransitive)] > of a door, gate, etc. > remain open
to stand up1550
1550 R. Crowley One & Thyrtye Epigrammes sig. Avi In service tyme no dore standeth up, Where such men are wonte to fyll can and cuppe.
5. intransitive. to stand up for. To speak or act in support or defence of (a person, a cause, etc.). Cf. to stick up for at stick v.1 Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > act of convincing, conviction > convince, be convincing [verb (intransitive)] > of opinion, etc.
to stand up for1562
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (transitive)] > support or defend
to stand by ——OE
to speak for ——a1300
to stand for ——1384
maintainc1390
to stand up for1562
to stand out for?c1576
to stand to ——1582
patronize1595
stickle1632
to stick up for1792
championize1840
champion1844
to take up the cudgels1869
1562 T. Sternhold et al. Whole Bk. Psalmes xxxv. 75 Lay hand vpon thy speare & shild, thy selfe in armour dres: stand vp for me & fight the feld, to help me from distres.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear ii. 21 Now Gods stand vp for Bastards. View more context for this quotation
a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 21 They..stand up for the honour of the nation.
1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset I. xvi. 136 I liked her for standing up for her husband.
1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xxi. 208 All swore that they would stand up for their rights.
1930 J. B. Priestley Angel Pavement vi. 297 They begin picking on her and she stands up for herself.
2015 N.Y. Times Mag. 25 Oct. 63/3 When litigation financiers talk about expanding access to justice and standing up for the little guy, they generally mean helping millionaires pursue claims against billionaires.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > take up position or assemble (of ships)
to stand up1585
range1599
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. xv. 130 The Cicilians..beeing acquainted with the seas,..Coursaries, and Skummers of the sea, stood vp in so great number, [etc.].
1623 Cal. St. Papers, Col. 1622–4 213 [The ships] Stood up altogether [in the road of Swally].
7. intransitive. Of an animal: to hold out, endure, keep going (in a race or chase). Cf. to stand before —— 5 at Phrasal verbs 2. Now rare.In quot. 1656 in imperative, as a command to a horse.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > continue doing or keep going in a course of action [verb (intransitive)] > with endurance or persistence
to stand up1656
peg1805
to bang away1820
plug1867
plough1891
pitch1929
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride a horse (or other animal) [verb (intransitive)] > incite a horse by shouting or making a noise
to stand up1656
chuck1824
to call on ——1832
to hold up1860
the world > food and drink > hunting > thing hunted or game > action of game > [verb (intransitive)]
to stand, be (abide obs.) at bayc1314
to steal awayc1369
stalla1425
starta1425
rusec1425
beatc1470
lodgec1470
trason1486
rouse1532
angle1575
bolt1575
to take squat1583
baya1657
watch1677
fall1697
tree1699
to go away1755
to sink the wind1776
to get up1787
to go to ground1797
lie1797
to stand up1891
fly1897
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > race [verb (intransitive)] > of animal: hold out or endure
to stand up1891
1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. xxxi. 54 Coachmen..whipping their horses, and..crying, stand up.
1891 Field 7 Nov. 695/3 A baker's dozen struggled on to the finish..but if our deer had stood up for another mile or two, the number would have been still further reduced.
1893 Sat. Rev. 7 Jan. 16/1 A dog who would lap after a course would have no chance of standing up in subsequent rounds.
2015 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 16 Aug. I was in a similar situation at the 2012 Olympics, pushing it on the last fence with a relatively tired horse and we got away with it. The horse stood up and we finished.
8. intransitive. To take part in a dance; to dance with (a partner); (formerly also) †to participate in a game, race, etc. (obsolete). Now rare.In quot. 2009 in a work of historical fiction probably influenced by literature of the Regency period; cf. quot. 1813.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > [verb (intransitive)]
frikec1000
sail1297
dancec1300
sault1377
tripc1386
balea1400
hopc1405
foota1425
tracec1425
sallyc1440
to dance a fita1500
fling1528
to tread a measure, a dance1577
trip1578
traverse1584
move1594
to shake heels1595
to shake it1595
firk1596
tripudiate1623
pettitoe1651
step1698
jink1718
to stand up1753
bejig1821
to toe and heel (it)1828
morris1861
hoof1925
terp1945
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > wedding or nuptials > people connected with wedding > [verb (transitive)] > act as attendant to
to stand up1753
society > leisure > sport > [verb (intransitive)] > prepare to play
to stand up1884
tee1960
1753 O. Goldsmith Let. 26 Sept. (2018) 10 All stand up to country dance's, each gentleman furnished with a partner from the afforesaid Lady directress.
1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice I. xviii. 237 In vain did she entreat him to stand up with somebody else. View more context for this quotation
1884 J. Marshall's Tennis Cuts 169 He had a twist in his spine, which rendered him physically incapable of standing up to play more than one game a day.
1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xxvii. 39 Is football playing.., With lads to chase the leather, Now I stand up no more?
2009 D. Elbury Marriageable Miss xiv. 141 Although she had only stood up with him for one dance, it had been impossible not to register..the doctor.
9. intransitive. colloquial and regional. To take shelter, esp. from rain. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > take or seek refuge [verb (intransitive)] > take shelter > from the rain
to stand up1782
1782 F. Burney Cecilia II. v. 97 It was at the house where you stood up that day on account of the mob that was waiting to see the malefactors go to Tyburn.
1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. I. 252 Nobody thought of ‘standing up’ under doorways or arches.
1908 G. K. Chesterton Man who was Thursday 126 Hoping..that the snow-shower might be slight, he stepped back..and stood up under the doorway of a..shop.
1957 H. Hall Parish's Dict. Sussex Dial. (new ed.) 130/2 Standup, to take shelter from rain.
10.
a. intransitive. colloquial (chiefly U.S.). With for. To act as a godparent or sponsor to (a godchild) at a baptism. Cf. main sense 10c(b).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > parent > parenthood > [verb (transitive)] > be godparent to
to stand at font (for a person)1620
to stand up1840
1840 I. T. Hinton Hist. Baptism x. 350 In some cases infants were brought to the baptistery..but then some one stood up for them, and declared they did renounce, and believe, and desire to be baptized.
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Stand up for, to undertake the office of God-parent at a baptism.
2021 @mernino2k2 2 May in twitter.com (accessed 30 Nov. 2021) Father Randy Baptised Heather. Joan & Tom stood up for her.
b. intransitive. U.S. colloquial. To present oneself for marriage.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > wedding or nuptials > [verb (intransitive)] > present oneself for marriage
to stand up1842
1842 Amer. Pioneer 1 314 They were married without any previous preparation..he standing up in a hunting dress, and she in a short gown and petticoat of homespun.
1987 M. McCarthy How I Grew ix. 266 It was exactly one week after Commencement and my twenty-first birthday when we ‘stood up’ together in the chapel.
c. intransitive. U.S. colloquial. With with, for. To act as a groomsman or bridesmaid to (a bride or groom).
ΚΠ
1859 in Chicago Sunday Tribune (1929) 10 Nov. 8/1 I want to tell you..about the wedding... We had no one to stand up with us, as we wished to have a simple service.
1912 Sat. Evening Post 24 Aug. 36/2 Could he forget old Buckey Leigh, the friend who had stood up with him at the altar?
1965 Sunday Gaz.-Mail (Charleston, W. Va.) 21 Mar. (Parade mag.) 7/1 The man who had stood up for him at his wedding.
2019 @mochamomma 7 Aug. in twitter.com (accessed 22 Nov. 2019) Carlos is in college now and the kids all call him their Holiday Brother. He officiated at our wedding 4 years ago and the rest of the children stood up with us.
11. † a. transitive. U.S. colloquial. To fail to settle a debt or bill with (a person). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1876 St. Louis (Missouri) Globe-Democrat 30 Jan. 11/7 The bar-keeper calls out, ‘Say, you snoozer, pony up.’ This the unfortunate would undoubtedly do in a moment if he had a pony, but..he is told by his equally ‘busted’ companions to ‘stand him up’, ‘give him the slip’, ‘put up your educated forefinger at him’.
1881 Times (Philadelphia) 8 Sept. Twenty years ago he stood me up for a five-dollar bouquet at Saratoga, and a month afterwards, when..I asked him for the money, he gave me fifty cents.
b. transitive. colloquial (originally U.S.). To fail to keep an appointment with (a person); spec. to fail to show up to a date with (an actual or potential romantic partner).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > court or woo [verb (transitive)] > make or have a date with > fail to keep a date
to stand up1887
the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > not do [verb (transitive)] > leave undone or fail to carry out > an appointment or event > an appointment with (someone)
to stand up1887
1887 Iowa State Reg. 22 Apr. 7/3 The ‘chippy chaser’, if successful in making the clandestine acquaintance he seeks, and to making an appointment for some future evening, is, as a rule ‘stood up’.
1952 J. Cannan Body in Beck ix. 186 Time and again..I stood up the chaps so as to climb with him.
1978 L. Thomas Ormerod's Landing iii. 43 ‘What about the other agent, the lady?’.. ‘Stood you up, I shouldn't wonder,’ laughed Charles.
2000 Marie Claire (Johannesburg) Feb. 17/3 He was a garbageman..who begged her for weeks to have dinner with him, then stood her up at a Mexican restaurant.
PV2. With prepositions in specialized senses. to stand about —— † 2. intransitive. To spend time on or dwell on (something); to wait for (something to be done). Usually in negative constructions. Cf. to stand on —— 3a at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete. to stand again —— (now chiefly in Scottish form to stand agin ——) † 2. intransitive. To feel repugnance for. Cf. to stand against —— 2 at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete. to stand against —— † 2. intransitive. To feel repugnance for. Cf. to stand again —— 2 at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete. to stand at —— † 1. intransitive. To abide by, obey, or adhere to (a decree, judgement, etc.). Cf. to stand to —— at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete.† 2. intransitive. To assist or support; to attend, be present at. Obsolete. rare. to stand before —— † 1. intransitive. To attend or wait upon (a person); to serve (a person) as an attendant. Obsolete.Chiefly in biblical contexts.† 4. intransitive. To protect or shield (a person) from something by interposing oneself. Obsolete. rare.† 5. intransitive. Hunting. Of a fox: to hold out when pursued by (hounds). Cf. to stand up 7 at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete. to stand behind —— to stand by —— † 3. intransitive. To rest or depend on; to derive from, to be due to. Obsolete.† 4. intransitive. To approach closely (a quality). Obsolete. rare. to stand for —— † 3. intransitive. Of a money payment: to be sufficient for. Obsolete.† 4. intransitive. To advocate insistently (a view, proposal, etc.); to support, maintain (a theory or thesis); to strive for, try to obtain or bring about, insist on having. Also with adverbial complement. Obsolete.† 5. intransitive. Of custom, feeling, etc.: to be on the side of; to favour, support. Obsolete. to stand in —— † 1. intransitive. Of a thing: to reside or inhere in; to be an attribute of; to depend on. Obsolete (archaic in later use).† 3. intransitive. To consist of, to comprise. Cf. to stand on —— 1a at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete.In quot. c1405: to consist in, to have as its essence.† 4. † 5. intransitive. To dwell on, consider (a topic); to insist on (a point or argument). Also with adverbial complement. Cf. to stand on —— 3a at Phrasal verbs 2, to stand upon —— 6b at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete.† to stand of —— † 4. intransitive. To be given to, to practise (some kind of action or behaviour). Obsolete.† 5. intransitive. To treat or regard (a term or condition) as necessary; to press for, demand; = to stand upon —— 7a at Phrasal verbs 2 Obsolete.† 6. intransitive. impersonal or with non-referential it as subject. To be incumbent on; = to stand upon —— 5b at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete. to stand over —— † to stand till —— † 1. intransitive. To result in, to lead to, to amount to. Obsolete.In quot. 1622 in to stand to (a person's) pleasure: to be allowed or approved by (a person).† 2. intransitive. To abide by, obey, or adhere to (a decree, judgement, etc.). Cf. to stand at —— 1 at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete.† 4. intransitive. Of desire, appetite, etc.: to be inclined to, to hanker after. Obsolete.† 6. intransitive. To depend or be dependent on (another's mercy, courtesy, etc.). Obsolete.See also to stand to the courtesy of at courtesy n. 2b.† 13. intransitive. To face; to be opposite to. Obsolete. to stand under —— † 1. intransitive. To serve or be faithful to (a person); to follow (a person's banner) in battle. Obsolete.† to stand until —— † 3. intransitive. To be inclined to; to long for. Cf. to stand to —— 4 at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete.† 4. intransitive. To be subjected to, or to submit to (amendment). Obsolete.† 5. † 7. † 8. intransitive. To hesitate or baulk at (a price, expense, etc.); to be sparing in the use of (money). Chiefly in negative constructions. Obsolete. to stand with —— † 1. intransitive. Originally: to resist or withstand (an opponent). Later: to contend with in argument, to dispute with (also with that-clause); to haggle or bargain with (for something). Obsolete. [Compare withstand v.] † 3. intransitive. To coexist with; to go along with. Obsolete.† 4. intransitive. To be in agreement or accord with; to be consistent with. Cf. to stand to —— 11 at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete (archaic in later use).See also it stands with reason at reason n.1 Phrases 2d.† 5. intransitive. To converse with or spend time with (a person). Obsolete.In quot. 1631 possibly as a double entendre; cf. main sense 18c.† 6. intransitive. Nautical. To travel in the same direction as (another vessel). Cf. main sense 41b. Obsolete.† 7. intransitive. Typography. To be in alignment with; to range with. Obsolete. rare.
1. intransitive. To stand on all sides of; to surround.In quot. OE with preposition used postpositively.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > surround or lie around [verb (transitive)] > as people > stand round
to stand about ——OE
umbestandc1300
OE Rubrics & Direct. for Use of Forms of Service (Corpus Cambr. 422) in M. Förster & K. Wildhagen Texte u. Forschungen zur englischen Kulturgeschichte (1921) 48 Sprenge se preost..sylf..þam þe him onbutan standað.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Ecclus. l. 14 So aboute hym þei stooden [L. circa illum steterunt] as palm braunchis.
a1450 (c1370) G. Chaucer Complaint unto Pity (Tanner) (1871) l. 36 Aboute her herse stoden lustyly..Bounte perfite..And fresshe beaute, luste, and Iolite.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xxix. 4 When my housholde folkes stode aboute me.
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης i. 12 Bequeath among his deifying friends that stood about him.
1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Apr. (1965) I. 402 Their Superiour..begins a sort of Solemn dance. They all stand about him in a regular figure.
1883 Harper's Mag. Aug. 390/1 The women stood about the fire.
1991 M. Mullen Flight of Earls (1992) 218 In the palace old friends stood about the coffin of the great leader.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)] > defer action until something happens
to wait one's (or the) time, hour, opportunity, etc.c1480
stayc1540
expect1548
attend1560
to stand about ——1564
waita1633
suspend1690
to stand over1771
1564 tr. M. Flacius Illyricus Godly Admon. Decrees Counsel of Trent 84 I will not stande aboute the confutyng of thys folyshnesse, at which, vnlesse a man be out of his wits he can not but laugh.
1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 106 As for their arrowes, I haue not as yet seene any of them, for they had wrapped them vp close, and because I was busie, I coulde not stande about it, to haue them open them.
1637 F. Rous Archæologia Atticæ i. v. 46 A kinde of gruell, which was of no great preparation; Because they would not stand long about it.
1834 New-Yorker 24 Mar. 61/2 He misquotes Dr. Webster in regard to wagon. It is we who want the two g's to shorten the a, according to the general rule of the language; but we shall not stand about it.
1863 Supreme Court (N.Y.) Papers on Appeal No. 58. 40 I told him he had no right to make it [sc. a deduction], but that if he had allowed it on settling the account, for the sake of having the thing settled up, I would not stand about it.
1. intransitive. To withstand, resist, oppose; (in later use also) to compete against (another candidate, esp. the incumbent) in a contested election. Cf. to stand against —— 1 at Phrasal verbs 2, again-stand v. regional (chiefly Scottish) in later use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist
withstandc888
withsake971
forstanda1000
to stand again ——OE
withsetc1000
again-standOE
to stand againOE
warnc1175
wiþerhaldec1175
atstandc1220
astand1250
withsitc1300
sitc1325
asitc1330
(it) may well withc1395
reversea1400
resist1417
ofstandc1425
onstandc1425
gainstand?c1450
endure1470
obsista1475
repugna1513
recountera1525
occur1531
desist1548
impugn1577
obstrigillate1623
counter-stand1648
stem1675
repique1687
to make face to1807
to fight off1833
to stick up1838
bay1848
withstay1854
buck1857
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xii. 123 Ymbscrydað eow mid godes wæpnunge, þæt ge magon standan ongean deofles syrwungum.
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 4842 Arme non ywrouȝt wiþ hond Oȝain his dent no miȝt stond.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 1322 Was nane sa stiffe in þat stoure miȝt stand him agayn.
1820 W. Scott Monastery I. Introd. Ep. 45 I hae fund something now that stands again the spade, as if it were neither earth nor stane.
1863 W. H. Russell My Diary North & South II. xi. 184 You'd soon see the differ. And, besides, they never can stand again us at close quarters.
1992 D. Purves Shakespeare's Tragedie o Macbeth i. ii. 2 But wha can staun Agin the brave Macbeth?
2014 @Chitterinlicht 12 Sept. in twitter.com (accessed 1 Nov. 2021) Bring it on Broon is my mp may stand agin him.
2018 @faolie 10 Nov. in twitter.com (accessed 22 Oct. 2021) We should have been much more vocal saying that we wouldn't stand agin it.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > hatred > dislike > disgust > disgust or excite repugnance [verb] > feel repugnance for
to stand again ——a1450
a1450 Pater Noster Richard Ermyte (Westm. Sch. 3) (1967) 8 Þat he desireþ he doþ to be holden fro hym... And he graiþeþ hym suche þingis to note þat his herte stondiþ aȝeyn.
1.
a. intransitive. To withstand, resist, oppose. Cf. main sense 8.
ΚΠ
J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) l. 436 (MED) Saffely for to stand ogaynes our faes.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 489 (MED) Robert eorle of Mellent stondeþ aȝenst ȝow.
c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) l. 11468 (MED) Þer myȝt no strengh agayns hym stand.
?1544 E. Allen tr. A. Alesius Auctorite Word of God sig. Biiiiv There is nothing so feble and weake, so that it be true, but it shal find place and be able to stand against all falshode.
1687 Bp. G. Burnet Contin. Refl. Mr. Varillas's Hist. Heresies 102 He finding that he was not able to stand against so strong a Party, submitted himself to them.
1833 J. Nyren Young Cricketer's Tutor 114 He [sc. Aylward] had to stand against the finest bowling of the day—that of Lumpy.
1881 E. Lynn Linton My Love! II. viii. 156 I will not stand against your happiness.
1969 Jrnl. Aesthetic Educ. 3 13 Such culture stood against the pernicious values of the classes.
2008 P. Anthony Two to Fifth iii. 43 Nothing can stand against their united magic.
b. intransitive. To compete against (another candidate, esp. the incumbent) in a contested election. Cf. main senses 9c, 12.
ΚΠ
1578 W. B. tr. Appian of Alexandria Aunc. Hist. Romanes Warres ii. 82 Domitius Aenobarbus stoode agaynste Pompey for the Consulship.
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 415 The famous Dr. Rich. Zouche..did, upon great intreaties, stand for the said place of Antiquary..; but he being esteemed a Royalist, Dr. J. W. was put up and stood against him, tho altogether uncapable of that place.
1865 Examiner 8 July 425/1 Mr David Williams..stood against Mr Wynne the elder at the last election.
1910 New Internat. Year Bk. 1911 479/2 The recall of officers to stand against other possible candidates for their places.
2015 Church Times 13 Mar. 33/2 The Labour Party attempted to get round this by imposing an all-woman shortlist in Bradford West to stand against Galloway.
ΚΠ
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Bviii [Ought I to advance myself] to a welthyer condition..by that meanes that my mynde standethe cleane agaynst [L. a qua abhorret animus]?
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > obey or be obedient to [verb (transitive)] > act in conformity to a rule or decree
to stand at ——c1300
to stand to ——c1300
usec1300
keep1387
abidea1393
obeya1393
stand?1435
answer1552
trace1649
the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > observe [verb (transitive)] > abide by
followOE
to stand at ——c1300
to stand to ——c1300
conservec1425
stand?1435
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 1874 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 160 Þat heo don sikernesse for-to stonde at holi churche lawe And to þe lokinge of holi churche.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 778 And if yow liketh alle, by oon assent For to stonden at my Iuggement.
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Husbandman l. 2311 in Poems (1981) 87 Ȝe sall be sworne to stand at my decreit.
1625 Fraserburgh Kirk Session 14 Sept. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at cited word He alwayis stuid at the denyell therof, and alledgit that sche grantit that wntreuthe as he callit it, in malice, to caus him be censeurit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > presence > be present at [verb (transitive)]
to stand at ——1563
be1712
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (transitive)]
helpc897
filsteOE
filsenc1175
gengc1175
succourc1250
ease1330
to do succourc1374
favour1393
underset1398
supply1428
aid1450
behelp1481
adminiculate?1532
subleve1542
to help a (lame) dog over a stile1546
adjuvate1553
to stand at ——1563
assista1578
opitulate1582
stead1582
bestead1591
help out (also through)1600
serve1629
facilitate1640
auxiliate1656
juvate1708
gammon1753
lame duck1963
piggyback1968
1563 Rec. Dumfries Burgh Court f. 136v in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at cited word [He] on that ane part & Robert Velche on that vthir ar bund & oblist to stant at James Velche.
1746 J. Hervey Medit. (1818) 79 I..must stand at the dissolution of all terrestrial things, and be an attendant on the burial of nature.
3. intransitive. To hesitate or scruple at; to be deterred by; to object to. Chiefly in negative constructions, esp. in to stand at nothing. Cf. to stop at nothing at stop v. 38c, to stick at nothing at stick v.1 Phrasal verbs 2. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > hesitate or scruple at [verb (transitive)]
to make bones of1520
to stick at ——1525
scotch1601
fear1603
to strain at1609
to stand at ——1632
society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > be unprincipled [verb (intransitive)] > be unscrupulous
to stick at nothing1525
to think it no conscience1578
to stand at nothing1632
1632 W. Attersoll Three Treat. i. 143 The first sort is of those that hope, but feare not: these runne through thicke and thinne, and stand at nothing; they feare not when there is cause, but they presume without cause.
1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 2 Men of large fortunes stand at no price for Swiss cattle.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. v. v. 323 To stand at no obstacles; to heed no considerations human or divine.
1890 F. C. Philips & C. J. Wills Sybil Ross xx. 147 He is not a man who stands at trifles.
1942 Manch. Guardian 4 Aug. 4/4 We are at war with the ‘dirtiest’ gangsters the world has ever known..they stand at nothing, and their only ‘ideals’ are killing off any race but themselves.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > attend as servant [verb (intransitive)]
followeOE
to stand before ——OE
wait1526
to wait attendancea1593
attenda1616
tenda1616
OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) i. 19 Ic eom Gabriel, ic þe stande beforan Gode, & ic eom asend wið þe sprecan.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 206 Witt tu þatt icc amm gabriæl Þatt æfre & æfre stannde. Biforenn godd to lutenn himm.
a1425 Rule St. Benet (Lansd.) (1902) 19 Loke ye do yure seruise als ye stode by-fore god almihti.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 211 The child..stode atte borde before the Erle, and served hym curtesly [a1500 Harl. gentilmanly stode afore him].
2. intransitive. To come or be brought into the presence of (a person or group having authority, such as a king, a judge, a tribunal, etc.), esp. for judgement. Also in extended and figurative use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > presence > be present at [verb (transitive)] > be in the presence of
to stand before ——OE
to see face to (also with) face1340
OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) xiii. 9 Ge standað beforan demum & cyningum for minum naman.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 292 Hwen ȝe stondeð biuoren kinges & eorles, ne þenche ȝe neauer hwet ne hu ȝe schulen seggen.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 520 For as the lomb toward his deeth is broght So stant this Innocent bifore the kyng.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rev. xx. 12 And I sawe the deed, both grett and smale stonde before God.
1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. F3v If I can Stand before you..And never shew..feare To see my Lines Excathedrated here.
1778 J. Murray Lect. upon Bk. Revelation I. i. 39 No man will appear by representation, nor act by proxy, but every one in his own person, and for his own interest, must stand before Jesus Christ.
1819 S. Rogers Human Life 49 Alone before his judges in array [He] Stands for his life.
1964 R. D. Abrahams Deep down in Jungle ii. iv. 135 I was standing before some jive-ass judge and ten other men.
1996 Washington Post 18 Aug. c3/1 Chicago will be like an old reprobate standing before the court of public opinion.
2007 Guardian (Nexis) 14 Nov. 32 They are standing before the tribunal despite a court ruling that found the president's decision to transfer them to a military tribunal ‘unconstitutional’.
3. intransitive. To confront, hold one's ground against (an adversary). Usually in negative constructions. Also in extended use. Cf. main sense 8a.Now chiefly South Asian or with reference or allusion to biblical passages.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist > maintain resistance against
to stand before ——OE
bearOE
tholec1175
sustainc1330
last1340
suffera1387
support1483
outstand1571
hold1592
to hold outa1616
ridea1649
brunt1800
to stand up to1921
OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) ix.11 Swa þæt ða dryas ne mihton standan beforan Moyse for ðam wundum þe him on wæron.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10667 Her stondeð us biuoren vre ifan alle icoren.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Josh. vii. 13 Þou shalt not mowe stonde byfore þyn enemyes to þe tyme þat he be doon awey fro þe þat is defouled wiþ þis hydous gult.
1598 T. Stoughton Gen. Treat. against Poperie 155 Yea the Lord saith they could not stand before their enemies.
1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 51 None was able to stand before him either by Sea or Land.
1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 92 Nothing could stand before them, the Spanish Army..was every where defeated.
1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xlviii. 485 The Cavaliers could not stand before them.
1942 N.Y. Amsterdam Star-News 24 Jan. 12/1 Who could stand before that ever-charging, ever-hitting little buzz-saw?
2014 Early Times (India) (Nexis) 16 Jan. The army was called upon to counter the onslaught of terrorists by the civil administration as the state's police could not stand before the highly dreaded terrorists.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] > by interposing
to stand before ——c1275
closec1430
fence1549
bestride1579
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12945 For ȝif he cumeð a-bolȝen mid his balu-ræsen. nes he neuere iboren þe maȝen stonden [c1300 Otho stonde] þe biuoren.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > thing hunted or game > action of game > [verb (transitive)]
to give the bay toc1515
bay1575
make a bay at1579
to fling off1711
run1781
to stand before ——1827
fault1873
blink1876
1827 Sporting Mag. Nov. 50/2 They next found a fox in a willow-bed at Sandonbridge, which stood before the hounds, without a check, one hour and seven minutes.
1892 Illustr. Sporting & Dramatic News 26 Nov. 400/3 A bag fox stood before hounds for two hours and a quarter till the pack were called off.
1901 Western Times 29 Oct. 2/6 This gallant fox stood before hounds for 58 minutes in the open..and finally beat them within 2½ miles of the place where he was found.
intransitive. To sustain, support, or assist (someone or something).
ΚΠ
1768 A. Dow tr. M. Firishtah Hist. Hindostan I. ii. ii. 40 He forthwith stood behind his disobedience, with thirty thousand men.
1834 Morning Chron. 27 Nov. The people would stand behind such a ministry determined to back them.
1879 Western Daily Press 22 Nov. 3/4 All Ireland will stand behind the accused.
1977 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 6 July 2/4 The NDP stands behind the Official Languages Act, but does not view language policy as the answer to unity, he said.
2010 Independent 23 Apr. (Viewspaper section) 12/3 Governments stepped in to stand behind the global financial system at the height of the crisis.
1.
a. intransitive. To take up or maintain a standing position beside (a person), esp. while giving help or advice, providing support, or offering sympathy.In quot. OE with preposition used postpositively.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (transitive)] > support by one's presence
to stand by ——OE
to stand besidec1440
support1601
OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Julius) 2 Aug. (2013) 152 Ða he hyre nealæhte, þa stod hyre big iong man fæger mid gyldenum hræglum gegyred.
c1200 Serm. in Eng. & Germanic Stud. (1961) 7 63 (MED) Þe engel stod bi heom and godes licch vas abuten heom.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3666 Ches ðe nu her seuenti Wise men to stonden ðe bi.
a1450 ( in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 53 And euere by trouþe stondes wreche, For wreche is goddis champioun.
1611 Bible (King James) Zech. iv. 14 These are the two annointed ones, that stand by the Lord of the whole earth. View more context for this quotation
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1680 (1955) IV. 234 He had likewise the assistance of what Counsel he would to direct him in his plea, that stood by him.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 666 His son and daughter stood by him at the bar.
1980 Early Music 8 371/1 The precentor or his deputy stood by him..and ensured that he started on the right note by quietly pre-intoning it to him.
2018 F. F. Mirza Place for Us iv. ii. 329 Every Friday for jummah we walked together the short distance to the mosque and I stood by him in prayer.
b. intransitive. figurative. To support, assist, protect, defend (a person, a cause, etc.); to side with, uphold the interests of, be faithful or loyal to.Quot. OE has alternatively been interpreted as showing prefixed bestand v. (in an otherwise unattested sense) for metrical reasons (because the alliteration on st shows that big is unstressed).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (transitive)] > support or defend
to stand by ——OE
to speak for ——a1300
to stand for ——1384
maintainc1390
to stand up for1562
to stand out for?c1576
to stand to ——1582
patronize1595
stickle1632
to stick up for1792
championize1840
champion1844
to take up the cudgels1869
OE Genesis B 284 Big standað [perhaps read Bigstandað] me strange geneatas, þa ne willað me æt þam striðe geswican.
c1225 (?c1200) Sawles Warde (Bodl.) (1938) 18 Godd is on ure half & stont bi us ifehte.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Hengwrt) (1871) l. 345 They sworen and assenten euery man To lyue with hire and dye, and by hir stonde.
1593 J. Udall Comm. Lament. Ieremy iii. 115 If once we haue a sure signe of Gods loue toward vs, we are to be assured of it to stand by vs for euer, in all temptations and tryals.
1687 King James II in J. R. Bloxham Magdalen Coll. & James II (1886) (modernized text) 218 I will stand by them who stand by me.
1768 J. Boswell Acct. Corsica ii. 100 The house of Matra in Corsica, which stood by the republick.
1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. x. 316 The clergy stood by the king in his struggle with the feudatories.
1923 R. D. Paine Comrades Rolling Ocean xvii. 293 You stand by me and I won't lay down on you.
2011 Daily Tel. 11 Nov. 9/2 When he was trying to kick drugs, his old friend stood by him.
c. intransitive. Nautical. To be ready to operate or take hold of (a gun, rope, etc.). Cf. to stand by 4a at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΚΠ
1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 480 All your men in arms; some to stand by the great Guns, and other some upon deck by your small shot.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. v. xii. 46 When they be required to stand by a great Gun in time of Fight.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. To stand by a rope, is to take hold of it; the anchor, prepare to let go.
2002 A. Morton Listening to Whales (2004) 131 Instead of firing up the engine, my captain went out to stand by the anchor winch. With utter calm, he simply waited, then released the cable.
2. intransitive. To adhere to, maintain, or abide by (a statement, agreement, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > observe [verb (transitive)]
yieldc825
behold971
hold971
keepc1000
at-holdc1175
takec1300
spare1387
observec1391
to stand by ——c1405
to stick by ——a1530
to stand to ——1537
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 889 Thy lyf is sauf, for I wole stonde ther by Vp on my lyf, the queene wol seye as I.
?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 329 Þese þingeȝ þey profered hem self, if þe King wold, certey[n]ly to preue & stonde by.
1693 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 300 Whatever Aldm Clayton shall do..ye town will confirme and stand by.
1849 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 16 158/1 We mean to stand by the assertion.
1995 Daily Mail 2 Jan. 6/3 A Saatchi & Saatchi spokeman said yesterday that the company expected them to stand by their contracts.
2015 Observer 8 Feb. 9/3 The SNP have a longstanding position of not voting on matters that purely affect England..and we stand by that.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > be caused by or result from [verb (transitive)] > depend on
to stand in ——OE
to lie inc1374
to stand upon ——a1393
to turn on ——a1413
to stand by ——a1450
lie1590
set1597
suspend1638
to turn upon ——1652
condition1868
ride1950
a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) (1988) 126 (MED) It nediþ to enquere..whiche party haue better horsmen and whiche þe bettir footmen, and wheþer þe strengþe of þe oostes stonde by footmen or by horsmen.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 733/1 This towne standeth by artificers: ceste ville se mayntient par gens mecanicques.
a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 137 Muche of theyr lyuyng standeth by stelyng and robbyng.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. i. 53 It is said by such as professe the Mathematicall sciences, that all things stand by proportion.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > render similar to [verb (transitive)] > approach, approximate, or border upon
to stand by ——?1527
to prick near1565
board1596
touch?1614
approximate1671
approacha1699
neighbour1859
to teeter on the brink1937
?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns ii. vii. f. xxvijv Vryne that is Ielowe and standet most by whyttenes.
?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns ii. viii. f. xxxijv Color Citrine standith by color rubea & by fleume, but more by color rubea than by fleume.
1.
a. intransitive. To be counted or considered as; to reckon to be. Esp. in to stand for something (or nothing): to have some (or no) value or importance.Formerly also with person as indirect object (e.g. quots. a1400, 1563).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > be a substitute [verb (intransitive)]
to stand for ——OE
to stand in a person's stead?a1515
to be in any one's coat1530
walk1558
to serve the turn of1565
succenturiate1647
commute1653
to hand the saw1654
substitute1675
surrogate1681
to be in (another person's) shoes1767
substitute1888
pinch-hit1911
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > uselessness, vanity, or futility > be of no avail [verb (intransitive)]
to stand for something (or nothing)OE
frustrate1471
unavail1866
to cut ice1894
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (intransitive)]
reckeOE
recka1250
attainc1374
beforcec1375
pertaina1382
concern1477
import1539
signifya1616
to trench into (unto)1621
to bear (a) (great) state1623
urge1654
relate1655
bulk1672
refer1677
argufy1751
to be no small drinka1774
tell1779
reckon1811
to count for (much, little, nothing, etc.)1857
to stand for something (or nothing)1863
shout1876
count1885
mind1915
rate1926
OE Laws of Cnut (Nero) ii. xxxvii. 338 Gyf hwa on leasre gewitnesse openlice stande & he oferstæled weorðe, ne stande his gewitnes syððan for aht.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9972 It es vs sett als in þe marche, And standes vs for sceild and targe, Agains all vre wiþerwyns.
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iv. pr. ii. l. 3188 Yif power fayleþ þe wille nis but in ydel and stant for nauȝt [L. frustra sit].
1563 T. Becon Reliques of Rome (rev. ed.) 211 b For that daye yt he heareth a masse,..if a man die: it shall stand hym for hys housell.
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 34 Iupiter himself, shal stand for example.
1659 N. R. Proverbs 54 He stands for a Cipher.
1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 23 The two Audiences which he had receiv'd should stand for nothing.
1863 M. Oliphant Salem Chapel I. ii. 28 He began to divine faintly,..that external circumstances do stand for something.
1905 Single Tax Rev. Apr. 28 Shibboleths that stand for nothing in his theorics of social adjustments.
2007 Atlantic Monthly Sept. 147 A self-satisfied pose that stands for nothing and doesn't require you take creative responsibility.
b. intransitive. To represent, take the place of, perform the function of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > supplanting or replacement > take the place of or replace [verb (intransitive)]
to stand for ——lOE
to give steadc1340
to stand in a person's stead?a1515
to do (obs.), fill, serve, supply the stead of1558
to fill the room of1562
to usurp the place of1574
suppullulate1601
to stead upa1616
to take the place ofa1616
succenturiate1630
act1651
succeed1692
to do duty1825
lOE Laws of Æðelstan (Rochester) v. ii. 168 Se þe bespirige yrfe innan oþres land:..stande þæt spor for þone foraþ.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. lxxxv. 975 Þe myddil sillable stondeþ for a schort sillable in þe secounde vers.
a1422 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 449 (MED) The Aldirman and tho foure so chosen schul namen xxiiij persones off the Fraternite qwiche schul standen for þe sembles..and tho..schal ben for þe hool semble.
1567 N. Sanders Rocke of Churche ii. 31 According to the Greeke phrase (where the comparatiue standeth for the superlatiue).
1595 W. Warner tr. Plautus Menaecmi i. ii. sig. B2v Cyl. That's ten persons in all. Erot. How many? Cyl. Ten, for I warrant you that Parasite may stand for eight at his vittels.
1613 G. Chapman Reuenge Bussy D'Ambois iii. sig. F2 You two onely Stand for our Armie.
1861 F. A. Paley Æschylus' Supplices (ed. 2) 968 (note) Here therefore ταῦτα seems to stand for τάδε.
1889 A. Conan Doyle Micah Clarke xxxii. 359 I had now to attend to my appearance, for in truth I might have stood for one of those gory giants with whom [etc.].
1990 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 22 Nov. 3/4 English Bibles..print LORD in capitals to indicate that it stands for the sacred Tetragrammaton (or four sacred consonants) and not for the actual Hebrew word Adonai.
c. intransitive. Of a character in a writing system, an abbreviation, etc.: to symbolize, signify.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > be symbol of [verb (transitive)]
token971
to stand for ——a1387
presentc1390
discern?a1439
liken?c1450
adumbrate1537
figurate?1548
character1555
shadow1574
shade1591
characterize1594
symbolize1603
hieroglyphic1615
personatea1616
modelizea1628
similize1646
symptom1648
express1649
signaturize1669
image1778
embryo1831
symbol1832
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 351 Þe eleueþe lettre stondeþ for twenty, þe twelfþe for þritty... For an hondred stondeþ [?a1475 anon. tr. is signifiede; L. designatur] þe nyntenþe lettre.
c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 218) l. 187 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 336 C stant for Crist.
1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. iii. 25 As if you aske what [number] I. stands for, what V. what X. what L. &c.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 226 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors These Figures stand not for any word that hath any particular signification in their Language.
1823 Mirror 1 165/2 C stands for Cupid.
1913 Nation 10 Apr. 372/3 The V.S...at the foot of a page is not properly explained. It stands for volti subito, turn over quickly.
2019 J. M. Metzl Dying of Whiteness 104 PYLL stands for ‘potential years of life lost’, and 75 represents the average life span in the United States.
d. intransitive. To be a symbolic expression or emblem of, to signify.
ΚΠ
1565 N. Sanders Supper of Our Lord iv. f. 195 If it [sc. the word ‘body’] stand for the signe and figure of Christes body, when it is ioyned with the verb est, is, how can it but stand for the same signe and figure, when it is ioyned with the verb datur, it is geuen?
1729 Bp. J. Butler Serm. in Wks. (1874) II. Pref. 7 It is impossible that words can always stand for the same ideas, even in the same author.
1911 W. M. F. Petrie Revol. of Civilisation v. 95 In architecture, Salisbury Cathedral stands for the perfect acquirement of freedom and grace without the least trace of over-elaboration.
2016 Toronto Sun (Nexis) 9 Sept. a16 In First Nations culture, the eagle feather stands for respect, honour, strength and courage.
e. intransitive. Of a part or aspect of something: to serve as a metonym for (the whole).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > find or furnish an instance or example of [verb (transitive)] > serve as a sample or specimen of
to stand for ——1594
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. K3 A hand, a foote, a face, a leg, a head Stood for the whole to be imagined. View more context for this quotation
1602 R. Parsons Warn-word i. xvi. f. 108v Particuler indiuiduals, and not vniuersals..do stand for the whole, and are said to be of the whole.
1765 B. Heath Revisal Shakespear's Text 166 The accusative, them, refers to the precedent word, complaints, and..this by a metonymy of the effect for the cause, stands for the freaks which occasioned those complaints.
1833 L. Hunt in Court Mag. & Belle Assemblée July 33/2 Harriet is all womankind. A female name, thus put in question, ad hominem, stands for the whole sex.
1971 S. DeFord & C. H. Lott Forms of Verse 342 (Gloss.) The poet substitutes a term associated with the thing to be named; e.g., Shakespeare's ‘The crown will find an heir’, in which ‘crown’ stands for ‘king’.
2013 H. Aldersey-Williams Anatomies (new ed.) 83 We are accustomed both to accept a representation of the head as a sign for the actual head and to accept that the head may stand for the whole person.
2. † b. intransitive. Scottish. to stand for it: to warrant or vouch for something. Also with that-clause as complement. Chiefly in I stand for it (and contracted forms). Obsolete.† c. intransitive. to stand in wax for: to act as security for (a person). Obsolete. rare.With allusion to the practice of signing a document by affixing one's seal; cf. wax n.1 4a.
a. intransitive. To uphold, defend (a cause, etc.); to support, take the side of (a person). Formerly also with adverbial complement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (transitive)] > support or defend
to stand by ——OE
to speak for ——a1300
to stand for ——1384
maintainc1390
to stand up for1562
to stand out for?c1576
to stand to ——1582
patronize1595
stickle1632
to stick up for1792
championize1840
champion1844
to take up the cudgels1869
1384 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 5 That thai sall stand furght for hym and his boundes and he sall stand for hym and his boundes vnder the samen condicion.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18933 To stand ai stitli for þe fai, And thrali preche al crist lai.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 142 For Christis word se ȝe stand for it.
1593 R. Bancroft Daungerous Positions iv. xiv. 179 Certaine..men..would shortly take vpon them the defence of the cause, which he and his brethren in prison stood-for.
1642 Prince Rupert Declar. 6 The Lord prosper the worke of their hands who stand for God and King Charles.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 34. ¶10 Every Man at first stood hard for his Friend.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess v. 103 I beheld her, when she rose.., and storming in extremes Stood for her cause.
1912 R. Macaulay Views & Vagabonds ii. 24 We stand for all the principles of the Fabian Society, the S.D.P., and..so forth.
2005 French Forum 30 72 As a student of Jean-Jacques Rousseau who..protests against a gangrened society, he stands for a philosophy of social revolution.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > assurance, confirmation, or guarantee > [phrase]
witc900
hightOE
to stand for it?a1500
take my word for it1576
I protest1587
I warrant me1825
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Cock & Fox l. 564 in Poems (1981) 25 Than will thay stint, I stand for it, and not steir.
1567 Kingis Complaint (single sheet) I stand forde.
1568 ( D. Lindsay Satyre (Bannatyne) l. 3041 in Wks. (1931) II. 358 Thow art ane lymmar, I stand ford.
1638 Earl of Rothes Affairs Kirk Scotl. (1830) 166 If they had..reasone and law for it, the King wold stand for it, that [etc.].
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal obligation > bond or recognizance > requiring or giving legal security > legal security [verb (transitive)] > be security for
to stand in wax for1608
1608 Yorkshire Trag. sig. A3 Hee has consumed al, pawnd his lands, and made his vniversitie brother stand in waxe for him, Thers a fine phrase for a scriuener.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > be sufficient for [verb (transitive)] > of money or payment
to stand for ——1389
to run to ——1859
1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 10 And ȝif þe man wil haue his wyf a suster, þan schal þt paiement stonde for hem bothe.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > attempt [verb (transitive)] > attempt to effect
seekc1000
procurec1300
to stand for ——1531
drift1596
enround1606
the mind > language > statement > pressure or urgency > press or urge [verb (transitive)]
strain1380
pressa1382
art?1406
enforcec1449
to stand for ——1531
work1532
urge1560
force1580
instance1606
1531 in R. Renwick Abstr. Protocols Town Clerks Glasgow (1897) IV. 39 Gaef sa beis that ther be ony mair anwell tane nor fyf crownis..the sayd Robert or his airis sall pas to the toder part and stand for raleyf of the samyne.
1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. iii. xii. 320 What cause was there why the people of Rome should stand so hard for fields, or foode, [L. agros et cibaria flagitaret]?
1676 H. More Remarks 2 Disc. Contents sig. b5 That Experiment of Regius..can be no instance of such an Attraction and Rarefaction as this Author stands for.
1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World v. 165 He stands more for his honour than any money.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or backing > support, side with, or back [verb (transitive)] > of customs or sentiments
to stand for ——1578
1578 T. Twyne tr. L. Daneau Wonderfull Woorkmanship of World xvii. f. 37v Gods woord shall sufficiently defende mee, and his holy trueth shall stande for me against them all.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxviii. 168 Seeing my countrie giues me leaue, and her custome standes for me.
1788 New London Mag. 428 The King's affections standing for this disposition of the crown, he was gained at last to ouerlook his sisters and break through his father's will.
6. intransitive. Nautical. To direct one's course to or towards. Cf. main sense 41b.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] > set a ship's course > sail towards or head for
to seek up14..
to bear up1582
to stand for ——a1594
to seek up for1632
a1594 J. White in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1600) III. 294 The captaines desired our company; wherefore we willingly attended on them: who at this time with 10. other ships stood for Faial.
a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 13 I stood for the Barbarie shore.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. x. 105 We stood for the Island of Juan Fernandes.
1814 W. Scott Diary 11 Aug. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) III. iv. 181 We are standing for some creek or harbour, called Lingholm-bay.
1906 J. Hopper Caybigan viii. 181 Finally the ship itself would burst into view past the upper end, and stand for shore.
2014 T. McGrath Give Me Fast Ship 54 By ten o'clock the ships had assembled and dropped anchor, while the four carrying the marines and about two hundred sailors stood for shore.
7. intransitive. colloquial (originally U.S.). To endure, put up with, tolerate. Usually in negative constructions. Cf. main sense 8d(a).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > adhere constantly or steadfastly to [verb (transitive)] > endure without giving way
tholec1175
suffera1387
outbear1530
to fight out1548
sustain1573
stand1575
hold1592
to stand out1600
to bide out1637
to stand for ——1896
tough1974
1896 G. Ade Artie xii. 107 They say they can't stand for that kind o' work.
1916 E. V. Lucas Vermilion Box lxvi. 72 So crabbed and odd and disagreeable that the store let him go... Two weeks ago he lost his position in the country store. Even that place could not stand for him.
1952 M. Laski Village xix. 265 Me and Dad have stood for a lot of things..but there's one thing we won't stand for and that's any hole-and-corner business.
2010 J. O'Connor Ghost Light (2011) xii. 198 I've told them I won't stand for any of their pen-pushing nonsense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > inhere in or be an attribute of [verb (transitive)]
to stand in ——OE
subjectc1400
endue1645
subjectate1677
implant1794
indwell1871
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > be caused by or result from [verb (transitive)] > depend on
to stand in ——OE
to lie inc1374
to stand upon ——a1393
to turn on ——a1413
to stand by ——a1450
lie1590
set1597
suspend1638
to turn upon ——1652
condition1868
ride1950
OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) xii. 229 Hergen we..ælmihtigne God & his þone acendan sunu & þone halgan gast, þæt is sio halige þrynnes in þære standeð usses geleafan hyht.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxxxi. 1387 Tonus is þe scharpnesse of voice, and is difference and quantite of armony, and stondeþ in accent and tenor of vois.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22251 O rome Imparre þe dignite Ne mai na wai al perist be, For in þaa kinges sal it stand Ai to-quils þai ar lastand.
c1450 tr. Secreta Secret. (Royal) 20 (MED) It is well perilous whan the lyf of a man stondith in the wille of oo persone.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 53 In them [sc. the yeomanry] stondyth the chefe defence of englond.
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xl. 98 Victory standeth as little in the number of souldiers, as verity in the plurality of voices.
1895 J. Denney Stud. Theol. (ed. 3) ix. 223 A faith standing not in the wisdom of man but in the power of God.
2. intransitive. To be dressed in; to be wearing. Cf. to stand up in at Phrasal verbs 1. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [verb (intransitive)]
wear?c1225
to stand in ——a1382
clothe1393
remember your courtesy1598
dress1673
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) 1 Esdras iii. 10 Thanne groundid of the masonus the temple of the Lord, prestus stoden in ther arai [L. steterunt sacerdotes in ornatu suo] with trumpis.
a1450 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Caius) (1810) l. 830 Sche rent the robe that sche in stod.
1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse i. vi. 64 in Wks. II I am, Sir, to inioy this cloake, I stand in, Freely, and as your gift.
2019 @BillyJWells 6 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 14 Jan. 2020) If someone had ever told me I would find myself sleeping in a disabled toilet in a freezing cold November with just the clothes I stood in..I would have laughed but it happened.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > inform or give a thing its essence [verb (transitive)] > consist of or have as its essence
to stand in ——a1382
to lie in1589
to consist in1594
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Psalms Prol. l. 23 Þis booc stant in an hundrid & fifty salmys.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 778 Some clerkes holden þt felicitee Stant in delit.
a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 120 The kynges yerely expenses stonden in charges ordinarie, and in charges extra ordinarie.
1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Uijv They fell to reasonyng with Argumentes, that..stode in plaine buffettes.
1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus (i. 8) 177 Their consecration stood likewise in foure things.
a. intransitive. To persevere or persist in, remain obstinate or steadfast in (a course of action, purpose, opinion, assertion, etc.). Obsolete.Quot. eOE shows equivalent use of prefixed astand v.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > adhere constantly or steadfastly to [verb (transitive)]
to stand in ——a1382
abidea1393
saddena1500
to bide bya1513
to stick to ——?1531
to stout out1568
to make good1606
winter1608
buckle1793
maintain1819
the mind > will > decision > perseverance or persistence > persevere or persist in [verb (transitive)]
to stand in ——a1382
maintainc1385
willc1400
to stand fortha1425
to stick to ——1525
to tug out1631
worry1727
to stick out1833
to stick at ——1845
slog1846
stay1956
to chase up1958
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) ii. xiv. 146 Honorius..mid fæderlice lufan hine wæs onbærnende, þæt heo in þæm geleafan soðfæstnisse, þone þe heo onfengon, symle fæstlice astoden & aa wunedon.]
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. xi. 21 Stond in þi testament [L. sta in testamento tuo].
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18698 Mistru noght þat es to tru, Bot stand in stedfast trouth fra nu.
a1425 Ordination of Nuns (Lansd.) in E. A. Kock Rule St. Benet (1902) 143 Giffe sho standis in hir purpose eftir þe space of sex monethes.
1553 R. Ascham Let. 24 Mar. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 14 And in this myne opinion I stand the more gladlie.
1595 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 350 The martyr..answered ‘No’, in which denialle he stoode before the Judges eaven to his last end.
a1632 T. Taylor God's Judgem. (1642) i. i. x. 27 Trajan..caused five holy Virgins to be burned for standing in the profession of the Truth.
1650 in J. Raymond Making News (1993) 1v. 183 All seeme to be satisfied of the wenches innocency to the murther, which she doth now, as on the Gallowes she did assert and stand in.
b. intransitive. to stand in it: to remain steadfast or obstinate, to persevere or persist in one's course of action, belief, etc.; esp. (with clause, esp. that-clause, as complement) to persist in asserting, to maintain; similarly to stand in this. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > be constant or steadfast [verb (intransitive)]
standeOE
cleavec1275
to stand stiffa1290
stick1447
to stand or stick to one's tackling1529
to stand in this1538
to set down (the or one's) staff1584
to stand one's ground1600
to stand to one's pan pudding1647
to maintain one's ground1736
to nail one's colours (also flag) to the mast (also masthead)1808
to stay put1843
to stand firm1856
to sit tight1890
to keep the flag flying1914
to dig in one's toes1933
to hold the line1956
the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > be or become obstinate or stubborn [verb (intransitive)]
persist1531
to stand in this1538
to make it tougha1549
obdure1609
opiniatre1678
to ride rusty1709
to dig in one's toes1933
1538 Treat. conc. Gen. Councilles vi. sig. Ciiiv If a man wylle saye, and abydingly stand in it, that the byshop of Rome is heed of the vniuersalle Churche of Christe: it is not onely vntrewe, but it is also heresye.
?1571 tr. G. Buchanan Detectioun Marie Quene of Scottes sig. Eiiijv Quhen he had stoode in it a quhile and wald nat appeare.., at length constraynit with feare of exile and punitioun, he yelded.
1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xiii. xvii. 482 They stand in this also, that earthly bodies cannot bee eternall.
1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin iv. Arg. This Counter-Scuffle, I dare stand in't, The Goddess Discord had a hand in't.
1761 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 401/1 Lubin went back very much confounded at having committed a crime without knowing it; for he always stood in it that they had done nobody any harm.
c. intransitive. To insist on having. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > insistence or persistence > insist or persist [verb (transitive)]
to countenance outa1529
to face down (also out)1530
to stand to ——1551
to stand upon it1590
to stand in ——1594
to stand out1653
to stick out1885
sledgehammer1976
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. iv. 105 And if he stand in hostage for his saftie, Bid him demaund what pledge will please him best. View more context for this quotation
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > express copiously [verb (transitive)] > dwell upon
to stand on ——a1425
to dwell on, upon (in)a1522
to stand upon ——1549
to stand in ——1550
to stand of ——1599
1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. D.vi I wyl not say that yu tokest money of our felowes, I wyl not stand much in this that yu robbedst kingdoms, cityes, and al mens houses.
1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue f. 16v Is ech circumstance to be sifted and stode in?
1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. xii. 52 When Clytus..defended the fame of Phillip, and stoode in the praise of his Noble and worthy acts.
1618 W. Lawson New Orchard & Garden iii. 7 I haue stood somewhat long in this point.
Obsolete.
to stand on —— 1. intransitive. To consist of, to comprise. Cf. to stand in —— 3 at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > be composed of or consist of [verb (transitive)]
to be made ofa1200
to stand of ——a1393
to stand togetherc1475
remaina1525
compose?1541
subsist1549
to stand on ——1563
to consist of1565
to stand upon ——1601
to consist in1614
comprise1874
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 2465 Of bodies sevene in special With foure spiritz joynt withal Stant the substance of this matiere.
1564 Forme of Prayers Eng. Church Geneua 78 Which Church we cal vniuersal, because it consisteth & standeth of all tongues & nations.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxii. xvi. 818 There were two Armadaes set out of Asia, the one..consisting of foure and twentie saile of Quinqueremes: the other..stood of twentie covert ships with decks and hatches.
1654 Z. Coke Art of Logick 147 An induction standing of particular propositions.
2. intransitive. To dwell on (a topic). Cf. to stand on —— 3a at Phrasal verbs 2, to stand upon —— 6b at Phrasal verbs 2. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > express copiously [verb (transitive)] > dwell upon
to stand on ——a1425
to dwell on, upon (in)a1522
to stand upon ——1549
to stand in ——1550
to stand of ——1599
1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 66 Whereof I wyll not stande at this tyme.
1. † b. intransitive. Of a material thing: to be made from. Cf. to stand upon —— 2b at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete. rare.
a. intransitive. Of an immaterial thing: to be grounded or based on. Formerly also: †to be dependent or contingent on, to hinge on; to arise from, consist in; to consist of, comprise (obsolete). Cf. to stand upon —— 2a at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > found or establish > in or on something
to stand on ——eOE
fastc1275
found1390
to stand upon ——a1393
build1528
relya1633
found1667
base1776
premise1881
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xxviii. 515 Nu ic ongite openlice ðæt sio soðe gesælð stent on godra monna geearnunga.
OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) xxxix. 63 Gif hi mid weorces geswince to ðam swiðe ofsette beoð, þæt hi hwilces eacan behofien, stande se eaca on ðæs abbodes dome.
OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. i. 92 Dactilus stent on anum langum timan and twam sceortum, and spondeusstent on feowrum [read twam] langum.
c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 168 We rædeð on bocum þæt þissere weorlde tide stondæþ on six ylde.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §33 Penitence..stant on [c1410 Harl. 7334 stondith in] .iij. thynges, Contricioun of herte, Confessioun of Mouth, and Satisfaccioun.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ix. l. 922 (MED) In this eerthe is nothing abidyng; Al stant on chaung.
a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. B.ii Of fortune, this the chaunce Standeth on varyaunce.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ i. i. §15 The rational evidence which our faith doth stand on as to these things.
1774 T. Mortimer Elements Commerce (new ed.) 464 Whenever a court is industrious to seduce, to inveigle, to corrupt particular men, we may securely conclude..such an administration stands on a factious, not on a national bottom.
1887 Rep. Vigintennial Meeting Class of 1867, Yale Coll. 9 Suppose you are an agnostic, then your philosophy stands on the obverse dogma, ‘We cannot know’.
2000 J. T. Kloppenberg Virtues of Liberalism (new ed.) 52 Just as his ethics stood not on bedrock but rather on his preference for a ‘strenuous’..morality..so his faith stood on a felt fact.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > be composed of or consist of [verb (transitive)]
to be made ofa1200
to stand of ——a1393
to stand togetherc1475
remaina1525
compose?1541
subsist1549
to stand on ——1563
to consist of1565
to stand upon ——1601
to consist in1614
comprise1874
1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 7v Cataplasmes, be medicines standing on herbes, flowres, oiles [etc.].
2.
a. intransitive. To rely or depend on (something); to trust to. Now only: to take one's stand on (a premise). Cf. to stand upon —— 1 at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > putting forward for discussion > put forward [verb (transitive)] > base argument on
to stand on ——1392
stable?1521
1392 in Yorks. Archæol. Jrnl. (1900) 15 116 (MED) On that purpos yet we stand.
1565 T. Harding Confut. Apol. Church of Eng. i. i. f. 6v (margin) The argument which the Defenders make their chiefe grounde to stand on, concludeth not for them, so their foundation is naught.
1693 W. Congreve Old Batchelour Prol. So, standing only on his good Behaviour, He's very civil, and entreats your Favour.
1864 J. H. Newman Apologia (1904) ii. 31/2 As to the Sacraments and Sacramental rites, I stood on the Prayer Book.
2007 C. Alawattage & D. Wickramasinghe Managem. Accounting Change xiv. 464 In this attempt, he stands on the premise that ‘the process of production contains political and ideological elements’.
b. intransitive. slang (chiefly British). To rely on, believe, trust (a person). Chiefly (in imperative) in stand on me.In early use also found in Australian English.
ΚΠ
1894 Sporting Times 24 Nov. 2/3 Oh, I'm a high-class racecourse ‘Gun’, and for class I take the bun, You may safely stand on me, now, make no bloomer.
1910 A. J. Mills Fall in & follow Me (sheet music) All together, stand on me, boys; I know the way to go, I promise you a spree.
1933 Cornhill Mag. June 697 'E'll finish like a crab—stand on me fer that.
1970 G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard i. 35 You'll be all right, stand on me.
2001 Daily Mail (Nexis) 25 July 8 But, stand on me, it would be an option scarier than learning Steve Archibald had offered to save your club.
3. † a. intransitive. To dwell on, consider (a topic); to insist on (a point or argument). Also with adverbial complement. Cf. to stand upon —— 6b at Phrasal verbs 2, to stand in —— 5 at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete.† d. intransitive. To attach importance to, treat as important, give prominence or weight to; to value, set store by. Cf. to stand upon —— 6c at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > express copiously [verb (transitive)] > dwell upon
to stand on ——a1425
to dwell on, upon (in)a1522
to stand upon ——1549
to stand in ——1550
to stand of ——1599
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 2684 On þis part I wille na langer stand, Bot passe to another neghest folowand.
1573 New Custome i. ii. sig. B ijv Standst thou with mee on schole poyntes, dost thou so in deede?
c1585 R. Browne Answere to Cartwright 34 How corrupt doctrine this is, I neede not heere stand on it.
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures ix. 26 In a word, and not to stand long on that which past between them.
1658 R. Allestree Pract. Christian Graces; or, Whole Duty of Man xvi. 350 The great prevailing of this sin of uncharitablenesse has made me stand thus long on these considerations.
b. intransitive. To pride or value oneself on; to assert, claim respect or consideration for, insist on the recognition of (one's qualities, rights, possessions, dignity, etc.). Cf. to stand upon —— 6d at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > claim > hold as due to oneself > claim respect or credit for (one's rights, etc.)
to stand on ——1573
to stand upon ——1594
1573 J. Carr Ruinous Fal of Prodigalitie sig. Cijv I wyll pleade simplicitie, I wyll not stand on my reputation, but yeld vnto the worst rather then geeue occasion of wronge.
1679 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 17 Mr. Langhorn, who was lately executed on account of the plott, stood on his innocence to the last.
1823 A. Clarke Mem. Wesley Family 521 Her uncle Matthew, who stood high on his honour.
1883 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 23 711 The facts are not such that we can say they have precluded themselves from standing on their strict rights.
2017 Financial Times (Nexis) 24 July 8 The muted nature of his participation in Alistair David's ebullient choreography suggests that he might be mistakenly standing on his dignity.
c. intransitive. To be meticulously careful or scrupulous with regard to (formalities, ceremonies, niceties of behaviour); to be attentive to or observant of; to allow oneself to be unduly influenced or impeded by. Cf. to stand upon —— 6a at Phrasal verbs 2.Now usually in negative constructions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > take care about [verb (transitive)] > be scrupulously careful about
to stand upon ——1549
to make (a) religion of1561
to stand on ——a1593
a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. I Stand not on titles, but obay th' arrest.
1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin ii. 70 And if to gratifie thy Itch, (my Honey,) I stood not on th' nice points of Matrimony.
1753 J. Collier Art Tormenting, Gen. Rules (1811) 189 People, who love civil freedom, and stand not on forms and ceremonies.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. ii. 22 That is the precisest calculation, though one would not stand on a few hundreds.
1886 R. C. Praed Miss Jacobsen's Chance II. xvii. 289 I'm not going to stand on nice points of law.
1990 K. S. Murty & A. Vohra Radhakrishnan: His Life & Ideas 59 Any teacher could meet him at any time. He never stood on formalities for appointments or ‘permissions’.
2003 Kindred Spirit Winter 27/2 There is always a ceremonial aspect to healing, but only to enter into a meditative or sacred space... We do not stand on ceremony.
ΚΠ
1613 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals I. i. 19 On ioyes of life why should I stand; for those Which I neere had, I surely cannot lose.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. ii. 13 I neuer stood on Ceremonies, Yet now they fright me. View more context for this quotation
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > practice, exercise, or doing > practise or carry on [verb (transitive)]
doeOE
followOE
holda1100
found1340
exercec1374
enhaunta1382
usea1398
proceed1399
apply?c1400
practise?c1430
exercise1467
takea1500
plya1513
enure1549
prosecute1567
inurea1577
manage1579
to stand on ——1599
to carry on1638
cultivate1654
1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. ii. 93 O let vs hence, I stand on sudden hast. View more context for this quotation
1600 S. Rowlands Letting of Humors Blood sig. C6v Come nimbly foorth, Why stand you on delay?
1661 in Cal. State Papers Ireland 1660–2 (1905) 406 Divers malefactors..stood on their keeping, robbing and spoiling his Majesty's good subjects.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > demand
calla1300
yeiec1320
to ask account?c1450
to call for ——1479
demand1484
inquirea1513
expostulate1548
advocatea1575
to stand upon ——1577
postulate1605
to stand on ——1606
bespeak1677
to put (also place, call, etc.) in (or into) requisition1831
requisition1874
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > need [verb (transitive)] > require or demand > as necessary
requisite1545
to stand upon ——1577
to stand on ——1816
1606 G. Chapman Monsieur D'Oliue ii. sig. C4v He stands on this. That when he once hath kist your Highnes hand,..Your Highnes parson..Must put his hat on, vse you, as you him.
1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse iii. iii. 83 in Wks. II Mer. What is't? a hundred pound? Eve. No, th' Harpey, now, stands on a hundred pieces.
1816 W. Scott Let. 29 Apr. (1933) IV. 222 He proposes I shall have twelve months' bills—I have always got six. However, I would not stand on that.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)]
birc950
oughtOE
behovec1175
dowa1225
liea1225
owea1250
it stands one upona1393
liea1400
busc1400
hovec1450
to stand (a person) in (also on) handc1555
import1561
stand1602
befit1604
to stand on ——1608
to lie with1885
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xxii. 73 For my state Stands on me to defend, not to debate. View more context for this quotation
1820 R. Wilbraham Attempt Gloss. Cheshire To Stand a person on, is to be incumbent on him. It stands every one on to take care of himself.
1. intransitive. To stand close by (a person or thing, typically positioned at a lower level than oneself), esp. in order to watch, supervise, or control.Apparently unattested between the 14th and 17th centuries.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > superintend > specifically a person
to stand over ——OE
superintend1564
supervise1618
babysit1973
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > keeping watch > keep watch on [verb (transitive)] > a person on a lower level or anxiously
to stand over ——OE
hang1792
OE Ælfric's Colloquy (1991) 22 Mino oues meas ad pascua, et sto super eas in estu et frigore cum canibus : ic drife sceap mine to heora læse, & stande ofer hig on hæte & on cyle mid hundum.
c1330 (?c1300) Amis & Amiloun (Auch.) (1937) l. 1972 Þe lazer liþ vp in a wain..& ouer him stode a naked swain.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Judith viii. 3 He stod ouer the men bindende sheues in the feld.
1637 J. Trapp Gods Love-tokens 43 He will construe it for a contempt, and standing over us with his great rod, swinge us soundly.
1737 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 182/2 Sir Thomas is represented,..laid at Length on his Back, with the Figure of Time standing over him.
1851 J. Ruskin King Golden River (1856) iii. 32 Sobering them just enough to enable them to stand over Gluck, beating him very steadily for a quarter of an hour.
1932 V. Woolf Pargiters (1978) 31 Miss Edwards, the small dressmaker,..could cut out quite well, but one had to stand over her.
1940 Punch 24 Apr. 449/2 I could occasionally leave her to wash up a few cups or something like that without actually standing over her the whole time.
2018 R. Kushner Mars Room i. 32 He stood over the woman who had slid to the floor.
2. intransitive. Australian and New Zealand colloquial. To intimidate or threaten (a person), esp. in order to extort money; to bully. Cf. standover n. 2.
ΚΠ
1936 Argus (Melbourne) 20 Mar. 11/2 Detectives interviewed Lane next day, and after some hesitation, he said, ‘The —— stood over me for 2/ and I used a knife on him.’
1953 K. Tennant Joyful Condemned iii. 21 There's many a man thought he was going to stand over some little lowie and now he's..looking through the bars.
2018 Daily Tel. (Austral.) (Nexis) 18 Mar. 28 People would be laughing—behind my back... Look at him, they stood over him for five grand and he's still talking to Bass. That's what they'll say.
Obsolete.
to stand to —— intransitive. = to stand to —— at Phrasal verbs 2 (in various senses).
ΚΠ
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. 6702 Þe Baliol was agast for he stode tille no dede.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 171 Lat him stand till his hap.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > end in
to stand to ——OE
turnc1175
end?c1225
to come to ——c1475
sort1548
OE Cynewulf Juliana 123 Gif..þu fremdu godu forð bigongest ond þa forlætest þe us leofran sind, þe þissum folce to freme stondað.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 1308 Now thanne..To telle my desobeissance, Ful sore it stant to my grevance.
1558 Q. Kennedy Compendius Tractiue x. sig. Eii As may stand to the weill of ye congregatioun.
1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 1309/2 Also I sayd yt certayne Scriptures standeth some thyng to the same, vnlesse they bee ye more warely vnderstanded and taken.
1622 T. Dekker & P. Massinger Virgin Martir iv. sig. I2v So it stand To great Cesaraes Gouernors high pleasure.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > obey or be obedient to [verb (transitive)] > act in conformity to a rule or decree
to stand at ——c1300
to stand to ——c1300
usec1300
keep1387
abidea1393
obeya1393
stand?1435
answer1552
trace1649
the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > observe [verb (transitive)] > abide by
followOE
to stand at ——c1300
to stand to ——c1300
conservec1425
stand?1435
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 1882 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 160 To holi churche heo wolden stonde and to is lokinge al-so.
?1457 J. Hardyng Chron. (Lansd.) in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1912) 27 747 Scottes..to Berwyke came..And bonde thaym thar to stonde to his decre.
1584 J. Lyly Alexander, Campaspe, & Diogenes i. iii. sig. B In kinges causes I will not stande to schollers arguments.
1616 A. Champney Treat. Vocation Bishops 21 Such a Reformer is not bound to stand to the judgement of the Church.
1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. vi. 5 Will they not stand to the grand Verdict and Determination of the Universe?
1759 M. Bacon New Abridgm. Law IV. 698 The Recognizance is forfeited by the Escape, which is a Misbehaviour; it being the Duty of every Man to stand to.
3.
a. intransitive. To face and accept the consequences of (a danger, fortune, etc.); to abide by (the result or consequences of an event). Cf. main sense 8f. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > unintentional or unplanned character > [verb (transitive)] > accept the consequences of or abide by
to stand to ——?c1335
?c1335 (a1300) Land of Cokaygne 185 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 150 Ȝe stond to ȝure cheance.
c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 251 Þat þai shulde nouȝt feiȝt oppon þe Scottes..and if þai dede, þat þai shulde stande to [?a1425 Trin. Dublin vnto] her owen peril.
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 37v Either content your selfe wyth my choice, or let me stand to the maine chaunce.
1610 J. More Let. 29 Jan. in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Duke of Buccleuch (1899) I. 87 in Parl. Papers (C. 9244) XLVI. 1 Let all alone, and stand to all adventures.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 287. ¶6 It is very dangerous for a Nation to stand to its Chance, or to have its Publick Happiness or Misery to depend on the Virtues or Vices of a single Person.
1785 R. Graves Eugenius I. xvii. 117 The old lady..said she would make the governess produce her daughter, or stand to the consequences.
1935 T. S. Eliot Murder in Cathedral i. 20 Do not ask us To stand to the doom on the house, the doom on the Archbishop.
2007 J. L. Sandford & P. Sandford Transforming Inner Man x. 206 He has unconsciously chosen a way to flee from having to make decisions, to have to stand to the consequences of free choices.
b. intransitive. To endure, bear, put up with (harm, pain); to make good, bear the expense of (damage or loss); to defray, be answerable for (expenses); to accept liability for (a tribute or tax). Now rare.Quot. c1405 for to stand unto —— at Phrasal verbs 2 also shows this sense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)]
thave835
i-dreeeOE
tholec897
abeareOE
underbearc950
adreeOE
dreeOE
driveOE
i-tholeOE
throwOE
underfoc1000
bearOE
bidec1200
suffera1250
abidec1275
drinka1340
endure1340
underfong1382
receivec1384
abyea1393
sustain1398
finda1400
undergoa1400
get?c1430
underganga1470
ponder?a1525
a dog's lifea1528
tolerate1531
to stand to ——1540
to feel the weight of?1553
enjoy1577
carry1583
abrook1594
to stand under ——a1616
to fall a victim to1764
society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)] > bear or defray the cost of
quitc1275
maintaina1425
pay1446
fray1450
abye1503
price?a1513
be1520
to stand to ——1540
disburse1548
defray1581
discharge1587
reimburse1591
discount1647
to be at the charge(s of1655
to pay off1711
stand1808
pop1947
society > morality > duty or obligation > responsibility > be responsible for [verb (transitive)] > take upon oneself as a responsibility
answera1200
to stand to ——1540
to charge oneself with1727
shoulder1900
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. iv. sig. Miijv He that putteth oone in truste, shall be fayne to stande to his owne harmes, if he be begyled.
1540 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 409 No person..shall not detayne nor keape any thinge of the comon rente for..debtes that the costome owith to any of them, but shall..stand to the costome of their own goodes.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. iv. f. 20v The inhabitantes..made humble supplication to the Admirall that they myght stande to theyr tribute.
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 150 I shall be content to stand to any losse that you shall suffer thereby.
a1633 G. Herbert Priest to Temple (1652) xxvi. 111 Many think they are at more liberty then they are, as if they were Masters of their health, and so [= provided that] they will stand to the pain, all is well. But to eat to ones hurt, comprehends, besides the hurt, an act against reason.
1700 S. L. tr. C. Frick Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 150 He was obliged to defray all the charges my Patient had been at, and to stand to all damages.
1789 J. Bentham Wks. (1843) X. 198 The author's having three-fourths of the net profits..(he standing as before to the expense).
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. iii. x. 443 Husband-like lovers, who expect to engross all the pleasures of a house, because they stand to the expences.
1930 Sunday Times (Perth, Austral.) 19 Jan. 9/2 The State Celebrations Committee agreed to stand to the expense of bringing three bands over to the West, with the maximum cost of £150 per band.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn for [verb (transitive)]
yearneOE
yearnOE
copena1225
longc1225
to yawn after or fora1250
yerec1275
to stand to ——a1400
hungerc1450
ache1622
desiderate1646
sigh1650
tire1801
lonesome for1905
a1400 Ancrene Riwle (Pepys) (1976) 158 (MED) Þat on forbereþ of mete & of drynk..þat oþer takeþ al þat his hert stondeþ to.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Hvii Yf a mans minde stonde to anny other [occupation].
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxiii. vi. 164 When their stomackes stand to coles, chalke, and such like stuffe.
1694 G. Stanhope tr. Simplicius Comm. Epictetus' Morals Ep. Ded. sig. A 2 Without these Qualifications..a Man's Palate can never stand to the following Reflections.
5.
a. intransitive. To apply oneself vigorously and bravely to (a fight, contest, task, etc.). In later use chiefly in to stand to it: to fight bravely; (also) to toil at hard or painful work without flagging. Now somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > carry on vigorously [verb (transitive)] > apply oneself to vigorously
to stand to ——?a1400
to shove at1542
to fall upon ——1617
to work awaya1635
to fall aboard1642
to fall on ——1650
to go at ——1675
to pitch into ——1823
to lay into1880
to be (also go) at the ——1898
to sail in1936
the mind > emotion > courage > valour > warlike valour > fight bravely [verb]
to stand to ——?a1400
society > society and the community > dissent > fighting > fight [verb (intransitive)] > fight vigorously
to stand to it1544
slog1846
to mix it up1898
society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > contend in battle or give battle [verb (intransitive)] > fight stoutly
to stand to it1544
society > occupation and work > working > [verb (intransitive)] > work hard or toil
workeOE
swingc1000
to the boneOE
labourc1390
toilc1400
drevyll?1518
drudge1548
droy1576
droil1591
to tug at the (an) oar1612
to stand to it1632
rudge1676
slave1707
to work like a beaver1741
to hold (also keep, bring, put) one's nose to the grindstone1828
to feague it away1829
to work like a nigger1836
delve1838
slave1852
leather1863
to sweat one's guts out1890
hunker1903
to sweat (also work) one's guts out1932
to eat (also work) like a horse1937
beaver1946
to work like a drover's dog1952
to get one's nose down (to)1962
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. 6706 Bot Sir Patrik Graham a while to bataile stode.
1542 T. Becon New Pollecye of Warre sig. fv It shall not be you that shall fyght, only steppe ye forth boldly, and stonde to it lyke men, and ye shal se ye helpe of the Lorde vpon you.
1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre i. cxxxv. sig. G vjv To comforte and encowrage hys men..fiercelye to fyght, and boldly to stande to it.
1610 W. Cowper Defiance to Death 236 If on Gods part, wee would haue his earnest valid to binde him to stand to his promises, wee must on our part declare, that they are forcible to binde vs to stand to our promised dueties.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vii. 328 Saylers have the paine By drudging, pulling, hayling, standing to it In cold and raine.
1788 Salem Mercury 15 July 2/4 He is distributing them [sc. convicts] about the country. Stand to it houses, stores, &c. these gentry are acquainted with the business.
1889 A. Conan Doyle Micah Clarke xvi. 144 The peasants stood to it like men.
1939 Irish Times 4 May 6/3 These stout North Country peasants stood to it like men, and were cut down in ranks as they stood.
1987 B. W. Powell Let. never Read xv. 90 Lester..had stood to the splitting table and cut the throats of one thousand quintals of fish. He earned enough money to purchase all his school books for the winter.
b. intransitive. figurative and in figurative contexts. Of a thing: to perform (its operation or function) without giving way, breaking, etc. Chiefly in to stand to its work, to stand to its duty. Now somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > be in use or called into use [verb (intransitive)] > last in use
go?1418
gain1724
to stand to ——?1730
?1730 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Della Architettura: Architecture I. iii. xiii. f. 53v/2 The..wedges also in the Turn of the Arch, being justly counterpoised, will surely stand to their duty.
1832 Mechanics' Mag. 14 July 248/1 The edge [of the weapon] must have been of the kind I described, or it could not have stood to its work on the barrel.
1914 Linotype Bull. Feb. 23 It [sc. a Linotype machine] stood to its work with steadfastness.
2018 W. L. Goodwater Breach xxxiv. 201 It [sc. a bridge] had stood to its duty for centuries, even after that strange summer night when the Wall appeared suddenly out of the river fog.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > be subject to [verb (transitive)] > be dependent on
to lie inc1374
to stand to ——c1449
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 305 Forto stonde to deuocioun of the peple in ȝeuing and offring.
1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 103 That in case the party..woulde disclose himselfe, and stande to his mercy, he [sc. the King] woulde..yeeld him free pardon.
1614 B. Rich Honestie of Age (1844) 13 He must stande to the mercy of twelue men; a jury shall passe vppon him.
1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 51 We always let a raw Brother come in for full share, to Encourage him, but afterward..he stands to Courtisie.
7. intransitive. To adhere to, maintain, or abide by (a promise, vow, agreement, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > observe [verb (transitive)]
yieldc825
behold971
hold971
keepc1000
at-holdc1175
takec1300
spare1387
observec1391
to stand by ——c1405
to stick by ——a1530
to stand to ——1537
1537 M. Coverdale tr. Goodly Treat. Faith f. xxxii But seynge he is deceuered from God and his worde, and wyll stande to his owne wysedom, which is but playne foly: therfore is he rest lesse, and to his Lorde his God is he vnfaythfull.
a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Aivv Kepe faith with me, and stand to thy behest.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 19 The one will make his felowe to stande to the bargain, though it be to his neighbors vndoyng.
1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 252 She having already obtained her desire, refused to stand to her promise.
1714 E. Budgell tr. Theophrastus Moral Characters vi. 23 He is always up to the Ears in Law,..some of his Suits he is forced to stand to, and works himself out of others by Perjury.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 243 No wise prince will ever refuse to stand to a lawful contract.
1775 Tender Father I. 202 I am not one of those who make proposals which they never mean to stand to.
1892 Sat. Rev. 2 Jan. 8/2 He did not venture to stand to the promise he had given.
1910 Irish Times 13 Sept. 7/3 As certain as his name was David Sheehy, and he would stand to his word, there never was a fiercer campaign of cattle-driving..than there would be if these people continued their practice.
2019 @_alreadytook 2 July in twitter.com (accessed 17 Jan. 2020) @DTDCIndia if you cannot stand to your promise then better don't state it.
8.
a. intransitive. to stand to it: to persist in asserting a statement, claim, etc.; to maintain. Chiefly with clause (esp. that-clause) as complement.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > insistence or persistence > insist or persist [verb (intransitive)]
perseverec1380
clencha1400
standc1400
to stand to it1549
beat1579
insist1596
hammer1598
consist1600
persist1600
re-enforce1603
to swear pink1956
1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 6th Serm. sig. Y.iiiv I wyll not stand to it, yt al that he wrot was true, I thinke he woulde not so hym selfe.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. ii. 68 Now Ile stand to it, the Pancakes were naught. View more context for this quotation
1692 S. Patrick Answer to Touchstone of Reformed Gospel 175 This, I will stand to it, is an Interpretation they cannot confute.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 171. ⁋8 He would stand to it, that it was full Four Miles.
1889 A. Sergeant Deveril's Diamond III. viii. 170 He stood to it at first that he knew nothing.
1925 Manch. Guardian 19 Aug. 8/2 The politicians stand to it that medical efficiency and prestige are but dross and that national dignity and ‘status’ are the things to mind.
2021 @JaylinDailey 18 July in twitter.com (accessed 1 Nov. 2021) But yet you stand to it that he's just wrong.
b. intransitive. To persist in asserting (a statement, claim, etc.); to maintain. Formerly also with that-clause as complement.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > insistence or persistence > insist or persist [verb (transitive)]
to countenance outa1529
to face down (also out)1530
to stand to ——1551
to stand upon it1590
to stand in ——1594
to stand out1653
to stick out1885
sledgehammer1976
1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. P.iiiv There is a faith, when one man faithfullie promiseth an other, to do this or that, and wil stande to his worde.
1597 J. Payne Royall Exchange 24 Let vs..to the deathe stand to, that Christ hathe the substans of God and the substans of man.
1688 Lett. conc. Pres. State Italy 184 He stood to his denial, and said, he knew nothing.
1737 S. Berington Mem. G. di Lucca To Rdr. p. ix The Man stands to the Truth of it with a Steadfastness that is surprizing.
1893 Strand Mag. 6 176/1 You will stand to the confession you have just made?
2021 @JoeyBerlin3 18 Jan. in twitter.com (accessed 1 Nov. 2021) The design of the CT is boring... I stand to my statement, it's just a cheap copy of this car.
9. intransitive. To confront, present a bold front to (an enemy or opponent). Cf. to stand forth to at Phrasal verbs 1, to stand up to at Phrasal verbs 1. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > confront
abidec1275
stand?1316
visagec1386
bidec1400
to stand to ——1562
affront1569
to look (a person, etc.) in the face1573
outface1574
front1582
to meet with1585
confront1594
propose1594
to stand up to1596
outfront1631
to stand forth to1631
head1682
meet1725
1562 J. Mountgomery in Archaeologia (1883) 47 240 The worthie souldior, that shall stande to the face of thenimye and abyde the threatninge of the canon.
1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 220 The Salamander..is an audacious and bold creature, standing to his aduersary, and not flying the sight of a man.
1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis 1166/1 I fear he will not be able to stand to him: Metuo, ut substet.
1844 W. M. Thackeray Barry Lyndon i. iii, in Fraser's Mag. Feb. 193/2 I never yet knew the man who stood to Captain Quin.
1967 A. Kerrigan tr. M. de Unamuno Our Lord Don Quixote ii. 188 When he saw what had happened, My Cid bent his elbow, and stood to his foe.
10. intransitive. To side with or support (a person); to maintain or uphold (a cause, interest, etc.); to remain faithful or loyal to. Now somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (transitive)] > support or defend
to stand by ——OE
to speak for ——a1300
to stand for ——1384
maintainc1390
to stand up for1562
to stand out for?c1576
to stand to ——1582
patronize1595
stickle1632
to stick up for1792
championize1840
champion1844
to take up the cudgels1869
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. lvii. f. 113 As touching you that are my friends, I pray you therefore to stand to me.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. i. 65 Good my lord be good to me, I beseech you stand to me. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. i. 207 Or let vs stand to our Authoritie, Or let vs lose it. View more context for this quotation
1652 J. Wadsworth tr. P. de Sandoval Civil Wars Spain 258 They desired, that Valladolid would assist and stand to them, as they had promissed.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 78 The Gunner was forced to fly for it, with about twenty two Men that stood to him.
1850 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 489/1 We stood to our fellow student right loyally.
1887 R. C. Praed Bond of Wedlock II. ix. 217 If he had the money he would always stand to a fellow.
2020 @OldcastleDenise 11 Jan. in twitter.com (accessed 17 Jan. 2020) The writing skills you develop in LC History will stand to you in any area you go into! There is no better subject to develop your writing skills.
11. intransitive. To be in agreement or accord with; to be consistent with. Apparently only in it stands to reason (see reason n.1 Phrases 2d), it stands to sense (see sense n. Phrases 1f). Cf. to stand with —— 4 at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΚΠ
1592 N. Gyer Eng. Phlebotomy xvi. 168 It may wel stand to sense & reason.
1620 T. Alured Let. in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) I. 173 Which stands to reason, and agrees with nature.
1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede II. iii. xxiii. 165 It stands to sense..as old Mr. Poyser, as is th' oldest man i' the room, should sit at top o' the table.
2009 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 98/2 Because shopping..is the country's favorite form of recreation and people are shopping much less, it stands to reason that family members are spending more time at home.
12. intransitive. Originally: †(of a mare) to allow herself to be mounted by (a stallion); to accept (an act of copulation) (obsolete). Later: (of a stallion) to copulate with (a mare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by gender or age > [verb (intransitive)] > be served by horse or conceive
to stand to ——1610
stint1823
to take (the) horse1870
1610 G. Markham Maister-peece i. cii. 203 To make a mare stand to her horsing, set her by the horse two or three dayes, that he may much desire & be acquainted before he couer her.
1759 R. Brown Compl. Farmer 4 By which means they can see whether the mare will stand to the horse or not.
1826 Farmers, Mechanics, & Manufacturers Mag. (N.Y.) May 111 In the spring of 1820, Eclipse stood to mares on Long-Island, at $12 50 cents the season.
1910 Breeder's Gaz. 30 Nov. 1145/2 She stood to the first service and produced a filly; then was bred again at four years old, and produced a filly at five.
2008 D. K. Schrishuhn in D. K. Schrishuhn et al. Babson Infl. 155/2 He stood to outside mares until Walter Schimanski purchased him in 1973.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > opposite position > be opposite (something) [verb (transitive)] > face (of things)
face1567
affront1575
frontier1579
regard1585
front1609
confront1610
to stand to ——1632
outfront1883
1632 J. Weemes Expos. Lawes of Moses II. 216 The Needle of the Compasse trembleth alwayes untill it stand to the North-Pole.
?1730 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Della Architettura: Architecture I. i. xii. f. 16/2 We shou'd also observe what Suns our House stands to.
14. intransitive. To stand in relation to; to be related to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > relate to [verb (transitive)]
haveeOE
toucha1325
to have respect to (formerly also unto)a1398
connex?1541
report1548
bear1556
respect1614
to stand to ——1634
owe1644
connect1751
to tie in1958
1634 W. Wood New Englands Prospect (title page) A true, lively, and experimentall description of that part of America, commonly called New England: discovering the state of that countrie, both as it stands to our new-come English planters; and to the old native inhabitants.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 54 Nor has bulk voideness or thickness but as it stands to body.
1856 Titan Mag. Dec. 551/2 He stood to me as a father.
1890 Longman's Mag. Oct. 657 The Wantsum..stood to Rutupiæ as the Solent stands to Portsmouth.
2007 Philos. Rev. 202 111 In fearing the proposition that first-order logic is undecidable, intuitively one stands to it in a different relation than one stands to it in fearing that first-order logic is undecidable.
15. intransitive. Falconry. to stand to the hood: (of a hawk) to accept being hooded.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > [verb (transitive)] > of a hawk: submit to being hooded
to stand to the hood1826
1826 J. S. Sebright Observ. Hawking 20 To accustom him to stand to the hood.
1892 G. Lascelles Falconry in H. Cox & G. Lascelles Coursing & Falconry (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 312 The older falconers..took as much pains to break them [sc. goshawks] to stand well to the hood as they did with any other kind of hawk.
1999 A. Walker Encycl. Falconry 70/1 Stand to the hood, to accept the hood calmly and well. If the hawk will not stand to the hood, she is said to be hood-shy.
16. intransitive. regional (chiefly Irish English). To be to one's advantage; to sustain, fortify. [After Irish seas do to help, benefit, literally ‘to stand to’.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > be advantageous or beneficial to [verb (transitive)]
helpc1000
goodOE
steadc1175
to do (one) boot?c1225
advancec1330
profitc1330
availc1384
servea1398
vaila1400
vailc1400
prevail1442
advantage?1459
vantagec1460
bootc1540
benefit1549
conduce?1577
to serve (one) in some, no stead1601
bonify1603
answer1756
better1833
to stand to ——1841
to stand (a person or thing) in (good, etc.) stead1887
1841 W. Carleton in Chambers' Edinb. Jrnl. 16 Jan. 410/2 Now, this was a curious property that Fin's thumb had; but..it could never have stood to him here were it not for the wit of his wife.
1907 W. B. Yeats Deirdre 34 Women, if I die, If Naoise die this night, how will you praise? What words seek out? for that will stand to you; For being but dead we shall have many friends.
1914 J. Joyce Dubliners 11 Why, when I was a nipper, every morning of my life I had a cold bath... That's what stands to me now.
2019 Sunday Life (Belfast) (Nexis) 8 Dec. 64 They were in action again against Wicklow in the Kehoe Cup yesterday and Gleeson believes that this early flurry of games will stand to his side when the league gets under way.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military service > make into soldier [verb (transitive)] > serve (a commander)
servec1380
to stand under ——a1525
to join the banner of1864
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 133 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 99 The pape commandit..to wryte in all landis..Ffor all statis of kirk yat wnder crist standis To semble to his summondis.
1570 Homilies (1574) II. Agst. Rebellion vi. 609 Woulde they haue sworne fidelitie to the Dolphin of Fraunce,..and haue stande vnder the Dolphins banner?
2. intransitive. To be subject or exposed to; to undergo, bear the burden of (obligation, difficulty, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)]
thave835
i-dreeeOE
tholec897
abeareOE
underbearc950
adreeOE
dreeOE
driveOE
i-tholeOE
throwOE
underfoc1000
bearOE
bidec1200
suffera1250
abidec1275
drinka1340
endure1340
underfong1382
receivec1384
abyea1393
sustain1398
finda1400
undergoa1400
get?c1430
underganga1470
ponder?a1525
a dog's lifea1528
tolerate1531
to stand to ——1540
to feel the weight of?1553
enjoy1577
carry1583
abrook1594
to stand under ——a1616
to fall a victim to1764
the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > be subject to action or influence
feel1559
to lie under1600
stand1607
to stand under ——a1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. i. 52 Shall Rome stand vnder one mans awe? View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 454 For now My earthly by his Heav'nly overpowerd, Which it had long stood under, streind to the highth In that celestial Colloquie sublime,..Dazl'd and spent, sunk down. View more context for this quotation
1891 in Cent. Dict. (at cited word) I stand under heavy obligations.
2005 G. Kendirbai in G. Rasuly-Paleczek & J. Katschnig Central Asia on Display 387 More than this, the expedition stood under a strong pressure of time.
3. intransitive. Nautical. To make one's way with (a specified configuration of sails), or by means of (sail, steam). Cf. main sense 41b, under sail at sail n.1 3e, under steam at steam n. 7c.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > carry specific amount of sail [verb (transitive)]
to stand under ——1707
1707 London Gaz. No. 4380/2 The Commadore made a Signal for the Line a-breast, standing under a pair of Top-sails.
1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge i. 21 I soon saw a large vessel, standing under easy sail, on the same tack.
1854 Southampton Herald 15 Apr. 8/2 The ships are now standing under steam towards ‘Kioge’.
1991 M. L. Hadley & R. Sarty Tin-Pots & Pirate Ships 241 The recently built schooner must have struck the seaman's eye as a magnificent sight as she stood under full sail in the morning light.
Obsolete.
to stand unto —— intransitive. To apply oneself vigorously and bravely to (a fight, contest, task, etc.). Cf. to stand to —— 2 at Phrasal verbs 2, to stand till —— at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΚΠ
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. 1423 Þerfor Godwyn & his fro London went away. He stode vntille no more, defaute he mad þat day.
Now archaic and rare.
to stand upon —— intransitive. = to stand to —— at Phrasal verbs 2 (in various senses).
ΚΠ
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 642 But stonde he moste vn to his owene harm.
1588 R. Bancroft Serm. at Paules Crosse 95 All men must stand unto their orders, decrees lawes and constitutions.
1648 Mercurius Elencticus No. 24 181 Rouze up brave Essex, do not feare To stand unto your Tackle.
1838 Emancipator (N.Y.) 25 Oct. 106/5 Each denomination and every individual member who stands unto or approves the iniquitous practice of slavery are partakers and co-workers in that crime.
2020 @OneKeys 21 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 2 Nov. 2021) This is clearly something spiritual and all well meaning Christians must stand unto prayer and ask God for a divine intervention.
1. intransitive. To rely or depend on (something); to trust to. Now only: to take one's stand on (a premise). Cf. to stand on —— 2a at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > be caused by or result from [verb (transitive)] > depend on
to stand in ——OE
to lie inc1374
to stand upon ——a1393
to turn on ——a1413
to stand by ——a1450
lie1590
set1597
suspend1638
to turn upon ——1652
condition1868
ride1950
the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > trust [verb (intransitive)] > rely on
wrethea1225
treousec1275
resta1382
to stand upon ——a1393
hang1393
lengc1440
arrest1523
reckon1547
ground1551
stay1560
depend1563
repose1567
rely1574
count1642
to make stay upon1682
allot1816
tie1867
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 3233 He..seith that he wol undertake Upon hire wordes forto stonde.
a1450 (a1401) Chastising of God's Children (Bodl.) (1957) 188 (MED) Þei erren moche more þat stonden vpon her owne free wil and taken noon heede of grace.
1565 W. Allen Def. & Declar. Doctr. Purgatory i. vi. f. 60 Bicause we will not stand vpon coniectures in so necessary a poynt.
1640 Wits Recreations sig. K7 The Text which saith that man and wife are one, Was the chief argument they stood upon.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. v. 87 Our Emperor standing upon the advantage he had got by the seisure of their Fleet, obliged them to deliver their Credentials.
1854 Poultry Chron. 2 206 ‘Faint heart ne'er won fair lady’ is a good motto to stand upon.
2021 States News Service (Nexis) 25 Mar. I firmly stand upon the belief that no one should ever be targeted or persecuted for their race, ethnicity, or the color of their skin.
2. † b. intransitive. Of a material thing: to consist or be composed of. Cf. to stand on —— 1b at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete.
a. intransitive. Of an immaterial thing: to be grounded or based on. Formerly also: †to be dependent or contingent on, to hinge on; to arise from, consist in (obsolete). Cf. to stand on —— 1a at Phrasal verbs 2.In quot. a1500 with non-referential it as subject.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > found or establish > in or on something
to stand on ——eOE
fastc1275
found1390
to stand upon ——a1393
build1528
relya1633
found1667
base1776
premise1881
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 214 The cherche keye in aventure Of armes and of brygantaille Stod nothing thanne upon bataille.
a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 137 The reaume off Englond, wheroff the myght stondith most vppon archers.
a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 1989 It stant apone thi will For to omend thi puple, or to spill.
1567 W. Allen Treat. Def. Priesthod Pref. The dishonoure and the derogation..standeth vpon vnfaythfulnes, mistrust of Gods promise.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 201 Your fortune stood vpon the caskets there. View more context for this quotation
1608 Bp. T. Morton Preamble Incounter 40 Science standeth vpon demonstrable principles.
1777 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit xii. 151 The eternity and unchangeableness of the first cause stands upon the very same grounds.
1842 F. D. Maurice Kingdom of Christ (ed. 2) II. ii. v. 291 I do not think national society is a lie or stands upon a lie.
1960 Dædalus 89 934 The concept of mutual deterrence..stands upon the premise that it is now possible..to create offensive weapons systems sufficiently invulnerable to enemy attack to prevent their destruction by any practically achievable force.
2020 @cowcreekgeek 13 Jan. in twitter.com (accessed 21 Jan. 2020) For those that wish to learn America's true history, and understand the intentions of our founding fathers... It all stands upon each individual's independent right of free conscience.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > be composed of or consist of [verb (transitive)]
to be made ofa1200
to stand of ——a1393
to stand togetherc1475
remaina1525
compose?1541
subsist1549
to stand on ——1563
to consist of1565
to stand upon ——1601
to consist in1614
comprise1874
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxi. vi. 412 Those waters which stand upon brimstone, bee good for the sinews.
a1652 I. Jones Most Notable Antiq. called Stone-Heng (1655) 5 The Druid's chose..such groves for their divine Service, as stood only upon Okes.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > be disposed or inclined to [verb (transitive)] > of thoughts or inclinations
to stand upon ——a1393
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 2513 To some it [sc. peace] thoghte nothing so, And that was only unto tho Whos herte stod upon knyhthode.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > be subjected to or undergo an action
fallc1175
receivec1330
to stand upon ——a1393
suffera1425
to come under ——a1475
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 583 If that it be thi wille To stonde upon amendement, A tale of gret entendement I thenke telle.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 84 This bok, upon amendement To stonde at his commandement,..I sende unto myn oghne lord.
a. intransitive. Chiefly impersonal or with non-referential it as subject. To concern, involve, affect. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > in relation to [phrase] > it involves
to stand upon ——a1393
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 3813 Knihthode mot ben take on honde, Whan that it stant upon the nede.
a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iii. iii. sig. E.jv But now the matter standeth vpon your mariage, Ye must now take vnto you a lustie courage.
a1625 J. Fletcher Noble Gentleman v. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ff2v/2 It stands upon my utter overthrow.
1630 J. Rogers in Winthrop's Hist. New Eng. (1853) I. 56 In which I pray God move your heart to be very careful, for it stands upon their lives.
1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse iii. iii. 60 in Wks. II It stands vpon his being inuested In a new office.
b. intransitive. impersonal or with non-referential it as subject. To be incumbent on, be the duty or concern of, be to the interest of, be urgent or necessary for (a person, a person's reputation, etc.) (to do something). Cf. to stand on —— 6 at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete (regional in later use). it stands one upon: (with upon used postpositively) one ought.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)]
birc950
oughtOE
behovec1175
dowa1225
liea1225
owea1250
it stands one upona1393
liea1400
busc1400
hovec1450
to stand (a person) in (also on) handc1555
import1561
stand1602
befit1604
to stand on ——1608
to lie with1885
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 951 And if thee like to be myn, That stant upon thin oghne wille.
1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Rjv My faire broode of doctours do enterprise to nippe of here and there foure or fiue woordes of the whole..(if it stande theim vpon).
1611 in 3rd Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1872) 58/2 It stands upon my reputation, being Governor of James-town, to keep a daily table for gentlemen of fashion about me.
1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 163 I know it stands upon us to wend us hence assone as we conveniently can.
1700 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding (new ed.) iv. xix. 425 Does it not then stand them upon, to examine upon what Grounds they presume it to be a Revelation from God?
1749 G. Berkeley Word to Wise in Wks. (1871) III. 449 It stands upon you to act with vigour in this cause.
1887 T. Darlington Folk-speech S. Cheshire 374 It'll stond 'em upon to be moor careful another time.
6. † b. intransitive. To dwell on, consider (a topic); to insist on (a point or argument). Cf. to stand in —— 5 at Phrasal verbs 2, to stand on —— 3a at Phrasal verbs 2 Obsolete.
a. intransitive. To be meticulously careful or scrupulous with regard to (formalities, ceremonies, niceties of behaviour); to be attentive to or observant of; to allow oneself to be unduly influenced or impeded by. Cf. to stand on —— 3c at Phrasal verbs 2.Now usually in negative constructions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > take care about [verb (transitive)] > be scrupulously careful about
to stand upon ——1549
to make (a) religion of1561
to stand on ——a1593
1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Fijv Standyng euer vppon narow poynctes of wysedome.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. iv. 118 Stand not vpon the order of your going, But go at once. View more context for this quotation
1681 J. Flavell Method of Grace viii. 177 You stand upon trifles with him, and yet call him your best and dearest friend.
1714 E. Budgell tr. Theophrastus Moral Characters xix. 57 He does not stand upon Decency in Conversation.
1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham III. xii. 209 Lady Glanville was a woman of the good old school, and stood somewhat upon forms and ceremonies.
1889 ‘M. Gray’ Reproach of Annesley I. ii. i. 145 You stand upon a fanciful punctilio.
1951 G. Heyer Quiet Gentleman (1966) xiv. 175 They are old playfellows, and have not been used to stand upon ceremony with each other.
1995 A. P. Dobson Anglo-Amer. Relations 20th Cent. (2002) ii. 24 Britain's sacrifices of her own interests, and her decision not to stand upon the niceties of honour.., were to benefit her position in the long run.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > express copiously [verb (transitive)] > dwell upon
to stand on ——a1425
to dwell on, upon (in)a1522
to stand upon ——1549
to stand in ——1550
to stand of ——1599
1549 R. L. Copye Let. Certayne Newes sig. B.iiiv I remembre you stode vpon one poynte, whych I could not denye, that the Gentylman by deere byeng, was dryuen to let deere.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. B2v As for the third point, it deserueth to be a little stood vpon, and not to be lightly passed ouer. View more context for this quotation
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 407 But he stood much upon this; that having once engaged with France in the war, he could not with honour turn against France, till it was at an end.
1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. ii. xv. 107 I observe, said he, that you stand much upon the dignity of Humane Nature.
c. intransitive. To attach importance to, treat as important, give prominence or weight to; to value, set store by. Cf. to stand on —— 3d at Phrasal verbs 2. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (transitive)] > attach importance to
weigh?c1225
chargec1320
set by1393
to attribute (much)1586
to stand upon ——1587
moment1598
to lay weight upon1600
reflecta1616
to take (large etc.) stock in (rarely of)1870
1587 J. Bridges Def. Govt. Church of Eng. ii. 206 Let vs not stand vpon coniectures, nor on his name, but on his dooing.
1629 H. Burton Babel No Bethel 100 Shee stands not vpon inward holines, but is all for outward glory.
1660 tr. M. Amyraut Treat. conc. Relig. iii. viii. 471 We stand not greatly upon it, by which of these names they are termed.
1709 J. Swift Mrs. Harris's Petition in Baucis & Philemon (new ed.) 12 'Tis not that I value the Mony..But the thing I stand upon, is the Credit of the House.
1830 T. P. Thompson in Westm. Rev. July 258 Free men do not stand upon family differences, when the object is to oppose a common despotism.
2014 @BemusingBeauty 12 Nov. in twitter.com (accessed 21 Jan. 2020) You said he could die... I won't stand upon pride when his life is at stake... So, /please,/ save him.
d. intransitive. To pride or value oneself on; to assert, claim respect or consideration for, insist on the recognition of (one's qualities, rights, possessions, dignity, etc.). Cf. to stand on —— 3b at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > claim > hold as due to oneself > claim respect or credit for (one's rights, etc.)
to stand on ——1573
to stand upon ——1594
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. iii. 124 This minion stood vpon her chastitie. View more context for this quotation
a1625 J. Fletcher Wit without Money (1639) ii. sig. C2v This Widdow is the strangest thing, the stateliest, and stands so much upon her excellencies.
1683 W. Kennett tr. Erasmus Witt against Wisdom 69 The Venetians stand upon their birth and Pedigree.
1840 W. M. Thackeray Shabby Genteel Story i She stood upon her rank.
1874 J. S. Blackie On Self-culture 75 There are few things in social life more contemptible than a rich man who stands upon his riches.
1885 J. Payn Luck of Darrells III. xxxi. 8 Langton would stand, and very properly, upon his legal rights.
2019 @TomRevisited1 22 Nov. in twitter.com (accessed 21 Jan. 2020) Wrong Focus. Didn't Irwin Schiff die in prison standing upon his rights?
a. intransitive. To treat or regard as necessary; to press for, demand. Cf. to stand on —— 5 at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete.In quot. 1712 in to stand upon it to have: to insist on having; cf. to stand upon it.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > demand
calla1300
yeiec1320
to ask account?c1450
to call for ——1479
demand1484
inquirea1513
expostulate1548
advocatea1575
to stand upon ——1577
postulate1605
to stand on ——1606
bespeak1677
to put (also place, call, etc.) in (or into) requisition1831
requisition1874
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > need [verb (transitive)] > require or demand > as necessary
requisite1545
to stand upon ——1577
to stand on ——1816
1577 J. Knewstub Lect. 20th Chapter Exodus xiii. 224 Loue cannot stand vpon it, to gather together the coniectures that may be had of great euill to be in it.
1653 R. Austen Treat. Fruit-trees 63 Concerning Order in setting Trees, though it be not essentiall..yet if men stand upon it, they may measure out [etc.].
1675 T. Brooks Paradice Opened 98 God the father, in order to man's Redemption and Salvation, stands stiffly and peremptorily upon compleat satisfaction.
1706 S. Centlivre Basset-table ii. i. 18 I must say that of you Women of Quality, if there is but Money enough, you stand not upon Birth or Reputation, in either Sex.
1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 17 Many stand upon it to have Palaces.
b. intransitive. to stand upon it: to insist, or persist in maintaining, that something is the case. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > insistence or persistence > insist or persist [verb (transitive)]
to countenance outa1529
to face down (also out)1530
to stand to ——1551
to stand upon it1590
to stand in ——1594
to stand out1653
to stick out1885
sledgehammer1976
1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall 17 But tush thy gossips will stand vpon it, that Martins clocke goes true, though the Diuell were in the Horologe.
1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. xx. sig. D11v A Constable Is a Vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more vpon't that he is the Kings Officer.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 202 Yet he always stood upon it, that he had the King's order by word of mouth for what he had done.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (transitive)]
savea1450
to stand upon ——1603
niggle1630
manage1649
1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 426 It was not the cost and expence that hee stood upon, but onely this, that so much oyle should goe down mens throats.
1653 H. Cogan tr. N. N. Scarlet Gown 162 When he was young, he delighted in taking all the pleasure that possibly he could, never standing upon mony.
1776 G. Washington Let. 20 Dec. in Official Lett. to Amer. Congr. (1795) I. 350 In my judgment this is not a time to stand upon expense.
1875 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 7 July It is generally known that they will have none but the very best, and do not stand upon price.
1901 H. T. Stephenson Fickle Wheel xiii. 190 Do you think the son of Oliver Tull will stand upon expense..? I'll buy her a gew-gaw this very night.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > strive against
to stand with ——OE
warc1230
contrast1489
gainstrive1549
oppugn1591
warsle1606
combat1627
stickle1627
reluctate1668
antagonize1742
to fight up against1768
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > controversy, dispute, argument > argue about, dispute [verb (transitive)]
traverse?1504
arguea1513
to stand in terms?a1562
to stand with ——1579
argle1589
bandy1589
balk1590
ventilate1607
controvert1609
sticklea1661
chop1685
militate1754
the mind > language > speech > agreement > make an agreement with [verb (transitive)] > negotiate
setc900
treat1357
merchantc1400
tract1508
article1526
capitulate1567
articulate1602
to stand with ——1616
huckster1642
traffica1649
transact1654
negotiate1720
renegotiate1787
OE Guthlac A 474 He wið mongum stod ealdfeonda, elne gebylded.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11541 Ȝif þe king me stont [c1300 Otho stond] wið.
c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) l. 701 (MED) Neuer schal fo him stonde wiþ.
1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 473 I might stande with him, that this is no interpretation.
1580 G. Harvey in Three Proper Lett. 50 But I wil not stand greatly with you in your owne matters.
1616 Marlowe's Faustus (Brooke) 218 Well, I will not stand with thee, giue me the money.
1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar i. i. 11 However; I will not stand with you for a sample. [Lifts up her Veil.]
1691 R. Meeke Diary 3 Apr. (1874) 38 I do not usually stand with any for their wages.
1704 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World II. iii. 223 Whoever grants these two propositions..cannot stand with me about the consequence of our argument.
1714 A. Philips tr. Thousand & One Days I. 44 But still remember..that you must not stand with him about the Price: Whatever he shall ask of you, you must not fail to give it.
2. intransitive. To range oneself with, fight alongside; to side with, make common cause with (a person or group) (against a shared adversary). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > accompany or attend [verb (transitive)]
followeOE
to be with1382
to stand with ——1384
fellowship?c1400
fellow1434
encompanya1513
to go with ——1523
to come with ——1533
accompany1543
associate1548
affellowship1559
to wait on ——1579
concomitate1604
second1609
companion1622
comitate1632
attend1653
waita1674
to keep (a person) company1849
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (transitive)] > take someone's side or side with
favoura1375
to stand with ——1384
takec1400
to take (a) part witha1470
to hold sides1490
to take the part ofc1500
to stick with ——1523
partake1546
follow1548
to join issue1551
to make with ——1559
favourize1585
side1585
party1587
to take in1597
part1669
to fall in1709
to take for ——1770
to take up for1824
range1874
1384 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 27 (MED) The smale poeple was drawe in..to that entent that fully thair hertes sholde stonde with John Norhampton.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 15499 Elleuen er we ȝeit to stand wid [Vesp. witstand wit] þe, all redi bun.
a1450 ( in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 50 Stonde wiþ þe kyng, mayntene þe croun.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 310 Because stoutlie thay had stande with him in his defence against his ennimies.
1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iv. 82 The Prælates..disavowed the Popes incroachments and offered the King to stand with him in these and all other cases touching his Crown.
1889 W. A. Leahy Siege of Syracuse iv. ii. 75 As ye have stood with me against the many Before, stand with me now.
2020 @RobertFAlexand2 19 Jan. in twitter.com (accessed 24 Jan. 2020) Who stands with me on the objective to hold those liars in the House of Representatives..accountable for their wast of our tax money?
ΚΠ
12 Concl. Lollards (Trin. Hall Cambr.) in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1907) 22 296 He and his noble ȝiftis may not stonde with dedly synne in no manere persone.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Iiiii All these may stande with deedly syn.
1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bathes Ayde ii. f. 11 Bycause great rarefaction standeth with great heate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > agree, harmonize, or be congruous with [verb (transitive)]
conspirec1384
accorda1393
to stand with ——c1449
to sit with ——a1500
correspond1545
resound1575
square1583
quader1588
to comport with1591
sympathize1594
beset1597
range1600
even1602
consort1607
to run with ——1614
countenancea1616
hita1616
sympathy1615
filea1625
quadrate?1630
consist1638
commensurate1643
commensure1654
to strike in1704
jig1838
harmonize1852
chime in with1861
equate1934
to tie in1938
to tune in1938
to tie up1958
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 304 It folewith that it stondith weel with the proces of Poul in this present processe, that bischopis haue endewing of vnmouable possessiouns.
1515 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 94 Whether their bying and selling..doo stonde with the Comon Weale, or noo.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 337 [Mahomet II] kept no league, promise, or oath, longer than stood with his profit or pleasure.
1710 O. Sansom Acct. Life 39 I desired him, if it stood with his Freedom, to have a Meeting there that Evening.
1772 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra II. lxviii. 341 How an evasive, indirect reply will stand with your reputation..is worth your consideration.
1825 W. Scott Talisman xiv, in Tales Crusaders IV. 294 Would it stand with your pleasure that I prick forward?
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > conversation > converse with [verb (transitive)]
to speak to ——c825
speakc950
to speak with ——971
to speak unto ——c1386
entertain1553
to stand with ——1564
wissel1571
discourse1677
dialogue1681
converse1718
the world > space > place > presence > be present [verb (intransitive)] > be or remain with a person
to stand with ——1564
1564 A. Golding tr. Justinus Hist. Trogus Pompeius xlii. f. 174v He woulde stand still as though he had stood with him [L. cum illo loqui, cum illo consistere].
1631 T. Dekker Match mee in London i. i. 53 A Barber stood with her on Saturday night very late..and as I thinke, came to trimme her.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > go in same direction as another ship
to stand with ——1594
1594 H. R. Newes Leuane Seas 7 After wee had spent some three weekes at Sea, we had sight of a sayle, a very tall ship, vnto whom we gaue chace, shee standing with vs.
a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 21 Wee descryed a sayle standing with vs.
1837 G. W. Earl Eastern Seas i. 12 A number of large fishing-boats were coming in from sea, and standing with us into the roads.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > type [verb (transitive)] > range with
to stand with ——1755
1755 J. Smith Printer's Gram. ii. 28 The Letter of it would Stand with another Fount of the same Body.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).
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n.1OE
n.2a1275
v.eOE- great-nephew
- great-niece
- great-nosed
- great-paunched
- great-reasoned
- great-scott
- great-sized
- great-souled
- great-speaking
- great-spirited
- great-stomached
- great-tasting
- great-uncle
- great-wamed
- great-willy
- great-winged petrel
- great-witted
- great-wombed
- greatarmed
- greataunt
- greataunthood
- greatbellied
- greatbluelead
- greatboned
- greatborn