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单词 starveling
释义

starvelingn.adj.

Brit. /ˈstɑːvlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈstɑrvlɪŋ/
Forms: 1500s starlinges (plural, perhaps transmission error), 1500s sterueling, 1500s steruelyng, 1500s–1600s starueling, 1500s–1600s staruling, 1600s starvelinge, 1600s stervling, 1600s–1700s starvling, 1600s– starveling.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: starve v., -ling suffix1.
Etymology: < starve v. + -ling suffix1.
A. n.
1.
a. A starved person or animal; a person who is habitually underfed or hungry; a person who is emaciated for lack of nourishment.Sometimes more broadly: a person who is poverty-stricken (cf. sense B. 1b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > slim shape or physique > [noun] > thin shape > person having
staffc1405
notomy1487
rakea1529
crag1542
scrag1542
sneakbill1546
starveling1546
slim1548
ghost1590
bald-rib1598
bare-bone1598
bow-case1599
atomy1600
sneaksbill1602
thin-gut1602
anatomya1616
sharg1623
skeleton1630
raw-bone1635
living skeleton1650
strammel1706
scarecrow1711
rickle of bones1729
shargar1754
squeeze-crab1785
rack of bones1804
thread-paper1824
bag of bones1838
dry-bones1845
skinnymalink1870
hairpin1879
slim jim1889
skinny1907
underweight1910
asthenic1925
ectomorph1940
skinny-malinky1957
matchstick1959
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > hunger > [noun] > starvation or action of starving > one who suffers starvation
starveling1546
meat failer1599
starver1683
breadless1839
1546 Supplic. Poor Commons sig. a.iiii If none shoulde be alowed meate in youre hyghnesse house, but suche as were clothed in veluet,..what steruelynges woulde youre seruantes be aboue all other?
1557 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandrie sig. B.iii The fewe [swine] that she kepe, much the better shalbee: of all thing one good, is worth steruelinges three.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. i. 69 If I hang, ile make a fat paire of Gallowes: for if I hang, olde sir Iohn hangs with me, and thou knowest hee is no starueling . View more context for this quotation
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Coät, the vnderling, starueling, or writling of a beast.
1674 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd ii. 49 But the more hungrey starvelings generally look'd upon it as an immediate Call to a Benefice.
1774 J. Burgh Polit. Disquis. II. i. v. 106 He goes to his flock-bed with half a belly full of bread and cheese..that his wife and little starvelings may have the more.
1785 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope I. v. 202 It required but a few weeks to bring one of these starvelings to a thriving state.
1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. II. iii. 119 Some [hogs] will fatten where others would remain starvelings.
1855 E. C. Gaskell North & South I. xxii. 269 And now they've frightened these poor Irish starvelings so with their threats.
1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust II. i. iii. 58 What will the lean fool do? Has he, So dry a starveling, humour?
a1921 A. Teixeira de Mattos tr. J. H. Fabre Insect World of J. H. Fabre (1991) xxiv. 184 Having naught else within their reach, the starvelings consume any and all Cruciferæ, without distinction of species.
1977 K. Orr Appetite for Educ. in Contemporary Asia 6 Overfed and indolent city gluttons on the one hand and undernourished rural starvelings on the other.
2014 Derby Tel. (Nexis) 15 Mar. You are better off than the starvelings from Romania who appreciate the benefits here.
b. An underdeveloped or stunted plant, organ, etc.; spec. one that has been starved of nutrients. Cf. starve v. 6b.
ΚΠ
1594 Will of Thomas Andrewes (Essex Record Office D/AEW 10/281) My fee wood, wth the starlinges [sic] and wind fall as also those tubbs wch are in his house.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. xvi. 453 You may graft..two or three scutcheons, prouided that they be all of one side: for they would not be equally set together in height, because that so they might all become staruelings.
1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1679) xxi. §3. 92 Some of the outward skirts [of the wood] were nothing save shrubs and miserable stervlings.
1709 Ld. Shaftesbury Moralists ii. iv. 118 What think you of the Brain in this Partition? Is it not like to prove a Starveling?
1853 W. Darlington Flora Cestrica (ed. 3) 133 In rich soils it becomes quite stout; while on dry, sterile banks, it is often a very dwarf, or starveling.
1870 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 1 21 The Var. album is a starveling; rarely as large or as healthy as the purple plants in the midst of which it grows.
1915 Contrib. U.S. National Herbarium 19 364 The pods are slightly smaller as are the leaves, the plants probably being starvelings.
1987 Weekend Tel. 24 Oct. 7/4 Well-nourished plants are less likely to become affected than starvelings.
2. figurative. A person or thing in dire need of spiritual or mental sustenance; a person or thing that has been deprived of essential support or resources.
ΚΠ
1554 H. Hilarie Resurreccion of Masse sig. Bvi Remembringe these thinges, it maketh me agaste And so dothe it all my smered shorelinges, No maruayle, for then is all our glory paste And we maye walke lyke a sorte of staruelinges.
1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 610/2 Therfore as oft as we play the lingerers, & cold staruelinges..let vs take this Exhortation.
a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) v. v. 146 As if rather some blind Fortune had bestowʼd her blessings carelesly till she had no more left, and thereby made so many starvelings.
1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso 437 To satisfie the ravenous and dog-like unsatiableness of such a company of starvelings.
1728 R. Browne Syst. Theol. i. xxiii. 69 O you Fools and Starvelings of the Earth, O you of little Understanding.
1861 J. G. Holland Lessons in Life xxiii. 331 An irreligious man..is always a starveling.
1929 Oak Parker (Oak Park, Illinois) 4 Oct. 52/4 When human thought, desiring spiritual nutriment, recognizes itself as a starveling for spiritual love, it is in a position to gain more of that love.
1977 Washington Post (Nexis) 12 Apr. d1 Chalk up the National Capital Casting Club as another starveling of the technology and TV age.
2014 Mercury (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 23 Jan. 30 The seven starvelings are South Africa, New Zealand, the West Indies, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Zimbabwe.
B. adj.
1.
a. That lacks sufficient food; ill-fed, hungry, starving; (hence also) lean and weak for want of nutriment. Also in figurative contexts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > hunger > [adjective] > hungry
hungryc950
hungering971
hollow1362
eagera1475
empty?1490
ahungrya1500
sharp-set1540
greedlya1546
anhungry1578
starveling1578
belly-pinched1608
mad-hungry1608
jejunea1620
sharp-bent1675
sharp1678
nithered1691
peckish1714
stomach-tight1718
yap1768
yaupish1789
picksome1847
1578 W. Hunnis Hyue Full of Hunnye (Gen. 41) f. 103 Their Bellyes stil did cleaue Unto theyr Backes in Starueling sort,as when they did begynne.
1597 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 1st 3 Bks. ii. i. 25 So, lauish ope-tyde causeth fasting-lents, And staruling Famine comes of large expence.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 239 Starveling flies sucke much more, then those that are fully gorged.
1668 J. Owen Nature Indwelling-sin xv. 247 They..perform duties with as much constancy as ever they did, but yet have poor lean starvling souls.
1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Compl. Gard'ner i. iii. xvi. 175 If any Trees..have all their Leaves lesser, and more starveling than they should be.
1756 J. Reed Brit. Philippic 8 Riot and Debauch Have sunk the hardy Briton's manly Frame To the lank Substance of the starvling Gaul.
1834 W. Beckford Italy; with Sketches Spain & Portugal II. 263 The stems of starveling pines.
1850 ‘S. Yendys’ Roman vi. 82 The very meanest starveling hound.
1883 J. A. Symonds Ital. Byways iii. 61 The palace has become a granary for country produce in a starveling land.
1922 S. Lewis Babbitt xvii. 220 His shrewd starveling face broadened with joy at dinner.
1989 M. Robinson Mother Country i. 127 Starveling men make unsatisfactory soldiers.
2012 Daily Mail (Nexis) 27 July Nora nurses a starveling rook.
b. gen. Characterized by or exhibiting poverty; poverty-stricken. Also in figurative contexts.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > poverty > [adjective] > poor
havelessOE
unrichOE
waedlec1000
armOE
nakedOE
helplessc1175
wantsomec1175
poora1200
barec1220
needfula1225
misease?c1225
unwealya1300
needyc1325
feeblec1330
poorful1372
mischievousc1390
miseasedc1390
indigentc1400
meanc1400
naughtyc1400
succourless1412
unwealthyc1412
behove1413
misterousa1425
misterfulc1480
miserablec1485
beggarly1545
starved1563
threadbare1577
penurious1590
fortuneless1596
wealthless1605
wantful1607
necessitous1611
inopulent1613
titheless1615
egene1631
starveling1638
necessitated1646
inopious1656
parsimonious1782
unopulent1782
lacking1805
bushed1819
obolary1820
ill-to-do1853
down at heel1856
po'1866
needsome1870
down-at-heeled1884
rocky1921
1638 D. Featley Transubstant. Exploded 9 To another a Cardinals hat was given, but with so thinne lining..that he was commonly called the starveling Cardinal.
1710 J. Swift Examiner No. 19 in F. H. Ellis Swift vs. Mainwaring (1985) 82 A certain starvling Author..told me..that he and some others of his Brethren had secretly offered their Service dog-cheap to the present Ministry.
1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) ii. 36 No meagre, muse-rid mope, adust and thin,..But such a bulk as no twelve bards could raise, Twelve starveling bards of these degen'rate days.
1763 T. Smollett Crit. Rev. 15 373 In the midst of all his erudition, wit, humour, and pleasantry, we always find himself in the character of a starveling author, strolling actor, or choice spirit.
1822 W. Irving Bracebridge Hall xxii. 188 [He] then cast a glance upon his own threadbare and starveling condition.
1849 J. C. Hare Serm. Preacht Herstmonceaux Church II. x. 190 Our hearts are too poor and starveling..to find food and room for all these thoughts and feelings.
1874 F. C. Burnand My Time xxxi. 309 There was a starveling air about the place.
1918 Advocate Peace 80 238/1 1,300,000 persons in London live below the poverty line. What help can you expect from such abject and starveling multitudes to shape the national ideals for peace and righteousness and good will?
1975 Great Bend (Kansas) Tribune 4 Apr. 4/4 In literature, the most prominent example is probably Dostoyevsky's Raskalnikov, the starveling, misanthropic student.
2013 Irish Daily Mail (Nexis) 13 Apr. 28 You can see it in her starveling amber eyes, her urchin's haircut.
2. figurative. Poor in quality or quantity; thin, scanty, meagre, mean.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [adjective]
salec1299
bastarda1348
sorry1372
slight1393
shrewd1426
singlec1449
backc1450
soberc1450
lesser1464
silly?a1500
starven1546
mockado1577
subaltern1578
bastardly1583
wooden1592
starved1604
perishing1605
starveling1611
minor1612
starvy1647
potsherd1655
low1727
la-la1800
waif1824
lathen1843
one-eyed1843
snide1859
bobbery1873
jerkwater1877
low-grade1878
shoddy1882
tinhorn1886
jerk1893
cheapie1898
shaganappi1900
buckeye1906
reach-me-down1907
pissy1922
crappy1928
cruddy1935
el cheapo1967
pound shop1989
the world > relative properties > quantity > insufficiency > [adjective] > limited in quantity or amount > scanty or meagre
feeblec1275
straita1300
thinc1374
threadbarec1412
exile?1440
silly?a1500
pilled1526
thinnish1540
carrion-lean1542
carrion1565
exiled?1577
penurious1594
unnourishing1605
starveling1611
meagre1612
short-handed1622
lanka1644
scrimp1681
strigose1708
skimp1775
skimping1775
spare1813
shy1821
scrimping1823
skimpy1842
slim1852
scrappy1985
minnowy1991
1611 ‘G. Vadianus’ in T. Coryate Crudities sig. I2 How should I sing thy worth in fitting layes, With starueling verses of an hide bound Muse.
a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 117 It is a starveling conceit of Innovating brain-pans.
a1665 J. Goodwin Πλήρωμα τὸ Πνευματικόv (1670) v. 79 The expressions of such a man, whether by words or actions, will be lean and starveling.
1750 E. Kimber Life Joe Thompson I. ii. 12 The Heart..being buried and confined in an adust or frigid Breast, dies away into the starveling Ideas of Jealousy, Suspicion, and Covetousness.
a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 411 We talk..of a meagre and starveling stile, of crudities in expressions.
1816 S. T. Coleridge Statesman's Man. 36 A hunger-bitten and idea-less philosophy naturally produces a starveling and comfortless religion.
1843 W. E. Gladstone in Foreign & Colonial Q. Rev. Oct. 565 They are so much at variance with the fixed formularies of the Church, from the narrow and starveling form of their doctrine, that they [etc.].
1889 C. Edwardes Sardinia 297 A starveling little group of pines.
1917 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 21 395 By the time the carvings of the north chapel at Melón were finished, theirs, though lovely, is yet a starveling art.
1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 Apr. 417/5 In these days of rather starveling novels, it is a work of quite astonishing amplitude, vitality and passion.
2010 New Yorker 4 Jan. 22/2 Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed a starveling budget that cut U.C.'s allocation by $637 million.
3. Perishing with cold and exposure. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [adjective] > affected with or having sensation of cold > perishing with cold
starveda1586
starveling1697
starven1887
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xviii. 498 In this wet starveling plight we spent the tedious night.
1805 W. Wordsworth Waggoner iv. 260 And babes in wet and starveling plight; Which once, be weather as it might, Had still a nest within a nest.

Compounds

starveling-brained adj. Obsolete weak-minded, half-witted, foolish.
ΚΠ
1639 J. Ford Ladies Triall ii. sig. D2 Leave such poore out-side helpes to puling lovers, Such as Fulgoso your weake rivall is, That starveling braind-companion.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1546
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