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单词 adders tongue
释义

adder's tonguen.

Brit. /ˈadəz ˌtʌŋ/, U.S. /ˈædərz ˌtəŋ/
Forms:

α. late Middle English adder tong, late Middle English adder tung, late Middle English edder tonge, late Middle English eddyr tonge, late Middle English neddre tung, 1500s 1800s– adder tongue.

β. late Middle English adders tong', late Middle English addirs tunge, late Middle English eddres tungge, late Middle English nedderis tonge, late Middle English neddres tungge, 1500s adders tonge, 1500s adders toong, 1600s 1900s– adders tongue, 1700s– adder's tongue, 1800s adders' tongue, 1800s– edder's tongue (English regional (Cumberland)).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: adder n.1, tongue n.
Etymology: In α. forms < adder n.1 + tongue n., perhaps originally reflecting a genitive compound with unmarked first element (the reflex of the Old English weak genitive nǣdran ). In β. forms < the genitive of adder n.1 + tongue n. Compare Dutch addertong Ophioglossum (1554 in Dodoens in natertonghesken (with diminutive suffix)), German Natterzunge (beginning of the 15th cent. as nater zunge), Natternzunge (15th cent. as natern zung), both earliest in sense ‘dragon arum’, now in sense ‘Ophioglossum’.
1. Any of various plants used medicinally in the treatment of snakebites, or thought to resemble a snake's tongue in some way.In Middle English the name was apparently used for a number of plants including the yellow star of Bethlehem, Gagea lutea, the dragon arum, Dracunculus vulgaris, and the yellow pimpernel, Lysimachia nemorum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > other medicinal plants
calamint1322
agarica1400
adder's tonguea1425
alyssum1551
camphor1570
makinboy1652
moxa1675
badiaga1753
chaw-stick1756
ispaghul1810
frostwort1814
frostweed1817
bugleweed1822
bitter root1838
Solidago1883
a1425 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 162 [Lingua serpentis minor] lasse eddertonge.
?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh.) (1950) 169 (MED) Lingua serpentys is an herbe men clepe neddres tungge þe more [v.r. addertong]; þis herbe haȝt lewys lyk to affadille, but it is more grene.
?c1450 in Anglia (1896) 18 323 (MED) Dragaunce and serpentyn in same And nedderistonge, alle on be name.
a1500 (?a1450) Treat. Gardening l. 170 in Archaeologia (1894) 54 166 Yn the moneth of Auerell Set & sow..Centory, horsel, adderstong', & bygull.
?1543 Newe Herball (new ed.) sig. Gii The lesse Adder tongue..hath leues somwhat lyke to Pygyll, and it hath a yelowe flower.
1794 J. Morse Amer. Geog. (rev. ed.) 145 Adder's Tongue (Convallaria bifolia).
1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester Adder's-tongue, the plant Orchis mascula. Mid-Ches.
1923 L. Abrams Illustr. Flora Pacific States (1940) I. 449 Scoliopus bigelovii Torr. California Fetid Adder's-tongue.
2004 R. Ornduff in D. Lake & P. M. Faber Munz's Introd. Calif. Spring Flowers (rev. ed.) Introd. 14 The species [sc. Scoliopus bigelovii] is also called fetid adder's tongue, a reference to the apparently bad odor of its strange flowers.
2. Any of various small ferns of the genus Ophioglossum or (more widely) the family Ophioglossaceae, esp. O. vulgatum, typically having a single oval sterile frond and a spore-bearing spike, which together are thought to resemble the mouth and tongue of a snake. Also more fully adder's tongue fern.
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the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > adder's tongue
adder's tongue1548
serpent's tongue1578
Ophioglossum1583
adder's spear1714
1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. H.iij Lingus serpentina groweth in many places in England. It may be called in Greek Ophioglosson, in englishe Adders tonge.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 135 Adders tonge is an herbe of a maruelous strange nature.
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 327 Adders toong groweth in moist medowes throughout most parts of Englande.
1732 W. Ellis Pract. Farmer (ed. 2) 114 Take Rue and Adder's-Tongue, stamp them together, and squeeze out the Juice.
1820 J. Keats Lamia ii, in Lamia & Other Poems 40 The leaves of willow and of adder's tongue.
1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands ii. viii. 183 Two species of adders'-tongue (ophioglossum) are found in Guernsey.
1923 L. Abrams Illustr. Flora Pacific States (1940) I. 2 Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Adder's-tongue.
1948 Times 11 May 7/2 I have discovered another, much larger, colony of adder's tongue,..the numerous plants most unfernlike, but perhaps more resembling one-leafed orchids.
1981 Castanea 46 311 Adder's tongue ferns, Ophioglossum, are notoriously difficult taxonomically.
2008 Times (Nexis) 8 Mar. (Features section) 5 The rare least and lesser adder's-tongue ferns.
3. North American. Any of various North American dog's-tooth violets (genus Erythronium), esp. (more fully yellow adder's-tongue) E. americanum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > lily and allied flowers > allied flowers
dog's tooth1578
daylily1597
mountain saffron1597
phalangium1608
Savoy spiderwort1629
hemerocallis1648
tuberose1664
St Bruno's lily1706
superb lily1731
agapanthus1789
Spanish squill1790
erythronium1797
Tritoma1804
Spanish harebell1808
veltheimia1808
adder's tongue1817
bunch flower1818
Puschkinia1820
hedychium1822
eremurus1836
flame lily1841
lily pink1848
mountain spiderwort1849
lloydia1850
kniphofia1854
garland-flower1866
red-hot poker1870
swamp-lover1878
African lily1882
flame-flower1882
Scarborough lily1882
wood-lily1882
St. Bernard lily1883
torch-lily1884
rajanigandha1885
ginger lily1892
chinkerinchee1904
snow lily1907
sand lily1909
avalanche lily1912
Spanish bluebell1924
mountain lily1932
chink1949
poker1975
1817 A. Eaton Man. Bot. 39 Erythronium..dens-canis, (dog tooth violet, adder-tongue).
1822 Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. 2nd Ser. IX. 150 Plants, which are indigenous in the township of Middlebury, [Vermont, include]..Erythronium lanceolatum, (Pursh.) Adder's tongue.
1894 J. Burroughs Riverby 25 Erythronium... How it came to be called adder's-tongue I do not know; probably from the spotted character of the leaf, which might suggest a snake.
1917 Gaz. & Bull. (Williamsport, Pa.) 24 Apr. 8/4 Who don't know the adder-tongue or dog-tooth violet which is found in moist woods or along stream banks?
1947 Amer. Midland Naturalist 38 37 Yellow Adders-tongue [is] abundant in bottomland forest.
1967 B. J. Banfill Pioneer Nurse x. 122 The earthy carpet, cushioned with pink and white flowers and yellow adder tongues.
2007 S. Ogden Garden Bulbs South (ed. 2) v.130 Fawn lily and adder's tongue also refer to this foliage.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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