standern.

Brit.

/ˈstandə/, U.S.

/ˈstændər/

Forms: Middle English standarez (plural), Middle English standere, Middle English standres (plural), Middle English stonder, Middle English stondere, Middle English 1600s standar, late Middle English– stander; Scottish pre-1700 standar, pre-1700 standris (plural), pre-1700 staner, pre-1700 stannar, pre-1700 stonner, pre-1700 1800s stanner, pre-1700 1800s– stander, 1800s staunder; N.E.D (1915) at standard also records a form Scottish 1600s stender.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: stand v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < stand v. + -er suffix¹. In some senses, especially in branch I., apparently influenced by (or perceived as a variant of) standard n. Compare Middle Dutch stander , stender upright post, upright barrel or tub (Dutch staander , stander ), Middle Low German stender upright post, early modern German stender upright post (14th cent.; German Ständer ), stander upright tub or barrel (15th cent.). With sense 5 compare also post-classical Latin standarium military flag (a1135 in a British source) and Middle Dutch stander flagpole (early modern Dutch stander flag, banner), Middle Low German stander kind of flag.The association and semantic overlap between stander n. and standard n. was probably reinforced by the variation between -ard and -ar , -er shown by many words ending in -ard suffix (compare the discussion at that entry). The association is particularly strong for senses in branch I. and standard n. II., which also have a strong semantic connection with stand v. The use with reference to a flag (see branch II.) is probably the result of a subsequent reanalysis of standard n. I., by association with branch I. of stander n. (with the linking concept perhaps being an upright flagpole). Later overlaps in other senses probably developed on the model of such pairs; compare e.g. old stander at sense 8 (in branch III.) and slightly earlier old standard at standard n. 26b. With sense 12 perhaps compare standard n. 25. Other notes on specific senses. With sense 2 compare earlier stand n.² and also standel n.² With sense 3 compare also standel n.² and staddle n. 2. In sense 10 perhaps short for co-stander n.; compare also earlier consistent n. 2. Old English parallel. Compare (rare) Old English standend person who stands, (apparently specifically) foot soldier (compare sense 7a) < stand v. + -end suffix¹.

I. Something in an upright or fixed position.

a. An upright support or stand; a supporting pillar, post, etc. (now historical). Also: †a candle, a candlestick (obsolete (Scottish in later use)). Cf. standard n. 10a, standard n. 9a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > a vertical support, post, or stake

stakec893

studeOE

studdleeOE

stealc1000

stockc1000

postOE

stander1325

pillar1360

stilpc1380

bantelc1400

puncheon1423

stanchion1433

standard1439

side tree1451

stancher1488

stanchel1586

stipit1592

shore1601

trunch1622

arrectary1628

staddle1633

standing1800

mill-post1890

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > support or holder for a candle > [noun] > candlestick

candlestickc970

candle-staffc1000

stander1325

chandelabrec1430

canstick1546

stick1547

candelabrum1876

torchère1910

1325 Acct. Exchequer King's Remembrancer (P.R.O.: E101/165/1) m. 4 Item, eidem [fabro] pro xiiij Cercles ad standars [of springalds].

1436–7 in H. E. Salter Churchwardens' Accts. St. Michael's Oxf. (1933) 40 (MED) To the standers, iii lib. of newe wex prec' xvi d. ob.

1552 in W. Money Parish Church Goods Berks. (1879) 39 A payre of grete Candylstyckes called Standers.

1605 in R. Welford Hist. Newcastle & Gateshead (1887) III. 170 [He] shall so work the mines as he leave standers for the upholding of the grounds thereof.

1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 149 [The idols] are placed upon standers gilded or painted, to be carried in procession upon mens shoulders.

1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 164 Standers; Knees fitted upon any of the Decks; also Pieces placed to raise Stages or Scaffolds.

1890 Sc. Notes & Queries Oct. 98/2 A brander, a stander, A tillypannie, or a ladle.

1976 Scots Mag. July 374 The stander, as its name implies, was a low three or four-legged iron stand or trivet to set near the fire. You could put a hot kettle or pot on it to keep warm.

†b. A raised edge of a sheet of lead, bent beneath the edge of an adjoining sheet in making a joint. Cf. orlop n.² Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 192 Of laying on Sheet-lead... They bend up the edge of the Sheet, both for the Stander and Orlop... They bring them together, and proceed to make a Seam of them, by first turning the Orlop..over the Stander.

1726 R. Neve City & Country Purchaser (ed. 2) at Lead The Orlop is about 3½ Inches of the edge, (next to the Stander) of the other Sheet rais'd up in the same manner as the Stander.

†2. A vessel or container (esp. a tub, barrel, etc.) designed to stand upright. Cf. stand n.² 1, standard n. 11, and standel n.¹ Obsolete (Scottish and English regional (south-eastern) in later use).In quot. 1459 used appositively, to designate a standing cauldron.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > [noun] > broad, shallow vessel or pan > specific

stander1459

start pan1459

basin-pan1462

fire pan1558

tin pan1806

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > tub > [noun] > large

soec1300

tankard1310

gimletc1391

standard1454

stander1459

knop1563

roof trough1665

ringe1720

drum1830

1459 Inventory Fastolf's Wardrobe in Paston Lett. (1904) III. 189 Item, iij. grete standere pannes, j. bochers axe.

1571 in E. Roberts & K. Parker Southampton Probate Inventories, 1447–1575 (1992) II. 303 iiij standers for butter, xij d.

1882 F. Michel Crit. Inq. Sc. Lang. 427 Staunder, a barrel set on end for containing water or salted meat.

†3.

a. A tree, esp. a timber tree, left standing where others have been coppiced, cleared, etc. Cf. standel n.², standard n. 13a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > timber-tree

timber-treec1505

storer1543

standel1544

stander1548

building-tree1607

stand1630

1548 Woodland Lease (Merton Coll. Oxf. Archives: Rec. No. 1071) Excepte and reseruide vnto the saide warden and scollers..all suche standers or stathell okes as bi the lawes and statutes of this realme of Englonde is ordeynide and prouided to be lefte standinge when the saide woode shalbe fellide.

a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 55 The fairest standers of all; were rooted vp, and cast into the fire.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Balliveaux, standers, or trees left standing after a wood sale.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 427 I resolved to cut a Cart-way..to carry off both my Wood and Timber, which saved my Standers and Wood too very much.

1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 50 The old Standers left at the other Cuttings.

b. A tree or shrub growing on an erect stem of full height and standing alone without support. Also: a shrub grafted on an upright stem and trained in tree form. Cf. standard n. 13b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > fruit-tree > wall-tree or standard

standard1625

wall-tree1653

stander1660

espalier1664

wall-fruit1669

mural1684

waller1688

wall1707

cordon1878

spalliard1888

1660 tr. R. Arnauld d'Andilly Manner of ordering Fruit-trees 44 Plants..which are graffed in a Cleft, and designed for Trees with a high stemm, such as Pear-trees, Apple-trees, and others, for standers.

1685 W. Penn Further Acct. Pennsylvania 8 All sorts of English fruits..take mighty well for the time: The Peach Excellent, on standers.

a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 357 In the same manner must the dwarf-standers be cut.

†4. Something which remains constant, unchanging, or in a fixed position. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > [noun] > condition of remaining in one place > that which

stander1642

fixture1812

1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. iv. 62 Though he useth barbarous School-terms, which like standers are fixt to the controversie, yet in his moveable Latine..his style is pure.

1647 T. Fuller Good Thoughts in Worse Times iv. xiii. 164 Mixt-Prayers..Wherein the Standers,..remaine alwayes unaltered. Whilst the moveable petitions..are added, abridged, or altered, as Gods Spirit adviseth.

1666 J. Smith Γηροκομία Βασιλικὴ 76 There is necessary both these, viz. the firm stander, and the strong mover; the upper and the nether milstone.

†II. A military or ceremonial ensign, and related senses.

5. A military or ceremonial flag of a particular kind. Cf. standard n. 4a. Obsolete.In quot. 1683 possibly a typographical error for standard or standards.

ΚΠ

1397 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/263/11) iiij Standres de Worstede debil' de armis Arundell' prec' iiij.d'.

1486 Short & Brief Memory First Progresse King Henry VII in P. McGrath Bristol Misc. (1985) 6 The maire of London with al his brethren and all the crafts in London in great multitude of barges garnyshed with bands, penounces, standers and pensetts mett with his grace as far as Putnane and hertely welcomed hym home.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xviii. 22 Euery man mounted, and the baners and standers folowed this new made knyght.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Bannars, pendauntes, or Standers, splayed in battayle, signa infesta.

1683 tr. John III Sobieski Let. King of Poland to his Queen (new ed.) 3 I have presented him 3 of my horses, the Bassa of Egypts tent and standars [ed. 1 (1683) reads Standard], and ten pieces of cannon.

6. slang. The penis. Cf. standard n. 5. Obsolete. rare.As a double entendre.

ΚΠ

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. l. 343 King. Saint Cupid then and Souldiers to the fielde. Berow. Aduaunce your standars, and vpon them Lords.

III. A person who or animal that stands.

a. A person or animal that stands (in various senses of the verb).Now rare except in sense 7b.

ΚΠ

a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) l. 3741 (MED) No syȝ neuer men beter fyȝters, Beter stonders, no beter weorryours.

c1550 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 309 Four copes of crimson velvett..for standers.

?1602 Narcissus (MS Bodl. Rawl. poet. 212) (1893) 491 O, the hares a lusty stander, Follow apace.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. iii. 78 When they fall as being slipery standers [etc.] .

1657 J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee i. 13 Loyterers, and standers idle.

1972 R. Adams Watership Down xx. 119 He was, rather, a stander of no nonsense who knew when duty was done and did it himself.

b. spec. A person or animal in an upright position supported by the feet. Cf. stand v. 1. In quot. c1500 used appositively, with reference to the mistaken belief that elephants are incapable of lying down.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > [noun] > one who

standerc1500

c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) clvi (MED) There sawe I..The fery tiger..The dromydare, the standar oliphant, The wyly fox.

1788 F. Burney Diary 2 Feb. (1842) IV. 53 'Tis, indeed, to us standers, an amazing addition to fatigue to keep still.

1815 Sporting Mag. 46 124 The crowd of sitters and standers gradually increases.

1897 R. Broughton Dear Faustina xiv In a quarrel the sitter has always an advantage over the stander.

2008 Independent 14 July (Extra section) 13/5 So let lookers look. Let standers stand. Let runners run.

†c. cant. A highwayman who stands watch on the road. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > watcher or look-out > criminals'

stander1610

spotter1850

1610 S. Rid Martin Mark-all sig. E4 Stander, he that stands sentinel vpon the Pad or high-way to robbe.

1610 S. Rid Martin Mark-all sig. G2 [He] was faine to liue..a stander for the padder.

d. A person who pays for or treats others to a drink. Cf. stand v. 44b. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1866 Bell's Life in London 22 Dec. 4/3 It pleasures him to tattle o'er the cup; And he grunts with a hiccup to the stander of the treat.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 405 Will immensely splendiferous stander permit one stooder..to terminate one expensive..libation.

1939 Manch. Guardian 23 May 13/3 A self-indulgent fellow, a stander of drinks and watcher of greyhound-races, who wants a good time.

8. old, ancient, or long stander: a person of long standing in a profession, community, etc., as distinguished from a novice or newcomer; an old hand, an old-timer. Also in extended use.Cf. standard n. 26b and stager n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > accustomedness > familiarity with a thing > one who has long experience

veteran1565

old stager1570

old, ancient, or long stander1590

stager1664

old soldier1722

old hand1764

warhorse1836

1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. B^v It moues me as much as the fatherly rebuke of an old stander, moude that vniuersity post, which seemed to take the wall of a Senior.

1592 R. Greene Thirde Pt. Conny-catching sig. D4^v Which did so much content him, as that he had beguiled so ancient a stander in that profession.

1647 W. Harington Genethliacon in J. Hall Poems sig. A6 Thus thy luxuriant Laurel-sprout As soon as't hath its head put out, Or'e tops old standers!

1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon iv. xiii. 176 We begin with the Portugueze, who deserve the first place, being the oldest Standers there.

1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. ii. vii. 88 Our young proficients in the Minute Philosophy..do far outgo the old standers and professors of the Sect.

1832 W. Irving Life & Lett. (1864) II. 486 It seems as if all the old standers of the city had called on me.

1964 Daily Mail 1 Oct. 10/2 He left and teamed up with Cubby Broccoli, a long-stander at Warwick films.

2017 Prop. Observer (Nexis) 17 Sept. These offers come from frustrated, but increasingly savvy, long-standers in the market who have done their due diligence, and perhaps know the market better than any rookie, or overly optimistic, listing agent.

9. U.S. Hunting. A hunter who stands at a particular place to wait for the game to be driven within shooting range.

ΚΠ

1830 Amer. Turf Reg. & Sporting Mag. Apr. 400 Four standers..kept on the estate.

2017 Daily Cardinal (Univ. Wisconsin–Madison) (Nexis) 25 Nov. 1 It was drive hunting... No, not road hunting from a car, but putting on drives to move the deer to standers waiting for a shot, usually at a running deer.

†10. Church History. A person belonging to the fourth or highest class of penitents in the early Orthodox Church, permitted to attend services but not to take communion; = co-stander n. and consistent n. 2. Obsolete. rare.The prevalence of the system by which penitents were divided into classes has been contested by modern scholars.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > [noun] > person undergoing > varieties of

prostratea1600

succumbent1661

co-stander1709

prostrator1709

consistenta1711

kneeler1719

substrator1720

weeper1841

stander1877

scrupulant1938

1877 Johnson's New Universal Cycl. III. 1141/2 The penitent had to go through four different stages:..(4) that of the standers (Gr. systantes; Lat. consistentes), who were only excluded from participation in the sacraments.

1885 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 486 They are first defined in an epistle ascribed to Gregory Thaumaturgus about the year 258, and are as under: (1) Weepers..; (2) Hearers..; (3) Kneelers..; (4) Standers, who might remain throughout the entire rite, but were not suffered to communicate.

†IV. Other senses.

11. A set (of plumes). Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1578 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 238 Foure standeris of fedderis for the toppis of beddis.

12. An image, inscription, or other device on a coin. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > obverse or reverse of coin > device stamped on

coin1362

stamp1555

stander1579

type1785

symbol1883

1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin vii. 375 He defaced out of their monies and coynes their auncient stampes, causing them for afterwards to beare his standers and stamp [It. il segno suo] in signe of absolute superioritie.

Compounds

C1. With adverbs, forming compound agent nouns corresponding to adverbial combinations of stand (see stand v. Phrasal verbs 1), as in stander about, stander round, stander up, etc. Now rare.See also stander-by n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > presence > [noun] > person or thing that is present

presencec1330

presentc1330

standera1500

Johnny-on-the-spot1880

presentee1892

ever-present1903

a1500 Let. Alexander l. 226 in Mediaeval Stud. (1979) 41 127 Ffor ther wern to comparison of gretnesse of boolis, in grete murmur and noise smote the backes of standersabout.

1582 Bible (Rheims) Mark xiv. 47 And one certaine man of the standers about..smote the seruant of the cheefe priest.

1591 H. Smith Exam. Vsurie (new ed.) i. sig. B8^v, in Preparatiue to Mariage The standers about sayd one to another, See how he loued him.

a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) VI. 62 Publick Spirits, Patriots, and Standers up for their Country.

1885 E. C. Lefroy Echoes from Theocritus ii. xxix And six tall lads break through the standers-round.

1938 Irish Monthly Dec. 823 The steward..passed chairs over the cringing rows of people seated near the door to the fatigued standers-up at the back.

C2. With prepositional phrases, forming compound agent nouns corresponding to phrasal uses of stand (see stand v. Phrasal verbs 2). Now rare.

ΚΠ

1608 J. Dod & R. Cleaver Two Serm. ii. 68 The standers against them so shamefull.

1656 A. Cowley Davideis i. 34 (note) in Poems One, τῶν ἑστηκότων, of the standers before God.

1850 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 716/1 The most obstinate stander on old ways.

1913 Trans. N.Y. Obstetrical Soc. 1911–13 229 The obstetrician is a stander before women, a mere looker-on.

2020 CE Noticias Financieras Eng. Newswire (Nexis) 17 Aug. Sirikit always became a stander for his firstborn in the face of the many voices who watched with concern the possibility of a man famous for his dissolute life coming to sit on the throne.

C3.

stander bearer n. = standard-bearer n. (in various senses).Later examples may show misspellings or typographical errors for standard-bearer.

ΚΠ

c1475 in F. P. Barnard Edward IV's French Exped. (1925) f. 4 (MED) All baner barrers and standarez berers to haue doble wages.

1572 R. Harrison tr. L. Lavater Of Ghostes i. xvii. 81 When..their ensignes will not displaie abroade but folde about the stander bearers heads.

1657 W. Prynne Exact Abridgem. Rec. Tower of London 670 William Gower Standar-bearer to Richard Duke of York.

1790 Coll. Ordinances & Regulations Governm. Royal Housh. 3 Stander Bearers.

1884 Chron. (Univ. Michigan) 25 Oct. 30/2 The students..quite outdid themselves in bringing back to the standar-bearer's memory the familiar rebel yell.

2005 Forward (Electronic ed.) 1 Apr. A right-wing vigilante group that once served as the stander bearer of Jewish militancy in America.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).

单词	stander
释义	standern. Brit. /ˈstandə/, U.S. /ˈstændər/ Forms: Middle English standarez (plural), Middle English standere, Middle English standres (plural), Middle English stonder, Middle English stondere, Middle English 1600s standar, late Middle English– stander; Scottish pre-1700 standar, pre-1700 standris (plural), pre-1700 staner, pre-1700 stannar, pre-1700 stonner, pre-1700 1800s stanner, pre-1700 1800s– stander, 1800s staunder; N.E.D (1915) at standard also records a form Scottish 1600s stender. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: stand v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < stand v. + -er suffix¹. In some senses, especially in branch I., apparently influenced by (or perceived as a variant of) standard n. Compare Middle Dutch stander , stender upright post, upright barrel or tub (Dutch staander , stander ), Middle Low German stender upright post, early modern German stender upright post (14th cent.; German Ständer ), stander upright tub or barrel (15th cent.). With sense 5 compare also post-classical Latin standarium military flag (a1135 in a British source) and Middle Dutch stander flagpole (early modern Dutch stander flag, banner), Middle Low German stander kind of flag.The association and semantic overlap between stander n. and standard n. was probably reinforced by the variation between -ard and -ar , -er shown by many words ending in -ard suffix (compare the discussion at that entry). The association is particularly strong for senses in branch I. and standard n. II., which also have a strong semantic connection with stand v. The use with reference to a flag (see branch II.) is probably the result of a subsequent reanalysis of standard n. I., by association with branch I. of stander n. (with the linking concept perhaps being an upright flagpole). Later overlaps in other senses probably developed on the model of such pairs; compare e.g. old stander at sense 8 (in branch III.) and slightly earlier old standard at standard n. 26b. With sense 12 perhaps compare standard n. 25. Other notes on specific senses. With sense 2 compare earlier stand n.² and also standel n.² With sense 3 compare also standel n.² and staddle n. 2. In sense 10 perhaps short for co-stander n.; compare also earlier consistent n. 2. Old English parallel. Compare (rare) Old English standend person who stands, (apparently specifically) foot soldier (compare sense 7a) < stand v. + -end suffix¹. I. Something in an upright or fixed position. 1. a. An upright support or stand; a supporting pillar, post, etc. (now historical). Also: †a candle, a candlestick (obsolete (Scottish in later use)). Cf. standard n. 10a, standard n. 9a. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > a vertical support, post, or stake stakec893 studeOE studdleeOE stealc1000 stockc1000 postOE stander1325 pillar1360 stilpc1380 bantelc1400 puncheon1423 stanchion1433 standard1439 side tree1451 stancher1488 stanchel1586 stipit1592 shore1601 trunch1622 arrectary1628 staddle1633 standing1800 mill-post1890 the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > support or holder for a candle > [noun] > candlestick candlestickc970 candle-staffc1000 stander1325 chandelabrec1430 canstick1546 stick1547 candelabrum1876 torchère1910 1325 Acct. Exchequer King's Remembrancer (P.R.O.: E101/165/1) m. 4 Item, eidem [fabro] pro xiiij Cercles ad standars [of springalds]. 1436–7 in H. E. Salter Churchwardens' Accts. St. Michael's Oxf. (1933) 40 (MED) To the standers, iii lib. of newe wex prec' xvi d. ob. 1552 in W. Money Parish Church Goods Berks. (1879) 39 A payre of grete Candylstyckes called Standers. 1605 in R. Welford Hist. Newcastle & Gateshead (1887) III. 170 [He] shall so work the mines as he leave standers for the upholding of the grounds thereof. 1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 149 [The idols] are placed upon standers gilded or painted, to be carried in procession upon mens shoulders. 1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 164 Standers; Knees fitted upon any of the Decks; also Pieces placed to raise Stages or Scaffolds. 1890 Sc. Notes & Queries Oct. 98/2 A brander, a stander, A tillypannie, or a ladle. 1976 Scots Mag. July 374 The stander, as its name implies, was a low three or four-legged iron stand or trivet to set near the fire. You could put a hot kettle or pot on it to keep warm. †b. A raised edge of a sheet of lead, bent beneath the edge of an adjoining sheet in making a joint. Cf. orlop n.² Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 192 Of laying on Sheet-lead... They bend up the edge of the Sheet, both for the Stander and Orlop... They bring them together, and proceed to make a Seam of them, by first turning the Orlop..over the Stander. 1726 R. Neve City & Country Purchaser (ed. 2) at Lead The Orlop is about 3½ Inches of the edge, (next to the Stander) of the other Sheet rais'd up in the same manner as the Stander. †2. A vessel or container (esp. a tub, barrel, etc.) designed to stand upright. Cf. stand n.² 1, standard n. 11, and standel n.¹ Obsolete (Scottish and English regional (south-eastern) in later use).In quot. 1459 used appositively, to designate a standing cauldron. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > [noun] > broad, shallow vessel or pan > specific stander1459 start pan1459 basin-pan1462 fire pan1558 tin pan1806 society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > tub > [noun] > large soec1300 tankard1310 gimletc1391 standard1454 stander1459 knop1563 roof trough1665 ringe1720 drum1830 1459 Inventory Fastolf's Wardrobe in Paston Lett. (1904) III. 189 Item, iij. grete standere pannes, j. bochers axe. 1571 in E. Roberts & K. Parker Southampton Probate Inventories, 1447–1575 (1992) II. 303 iiij standers for butter, xij d. 1882 F. Michel Crit. Inq. Sc. Lang. 427 Staunder, a barrel set on end for containing water or salted meat. †3. a. A tree, esp. a timber tree, left standing where others have been coppiced, cleared, etc. Cf. standel n.², standard n. 13a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > timber-tree timber-treec1505 storer1543 standel1544 stander1548 building-tree1607 stand1630 1548 Woodland Lease (Merton Coll. Oxf. Archives: Rec. No. 1071) Excepte and reseruide vnto the saide warden and scollers..all suche standers or stathell okes as bi the lawes and statutes of this realme of Englonde is ordeynide and prouided to be lefte standinge when the saide woode shalbe fellide. a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 55 The fairest standers of all; were rooted vp, and cast into the fire. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Balliveaux, standers, or trees left standing after a wood sale. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 427 I resolved to cut a Cart-way..to carry off both my Wood and Timber, which saved my Standers and Wood too very much. 1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 50 The old Standers left at the other Cuttings. b. A tree or shrub growing on an erect stem of full height and standing alone without support. Also: a shrub grafted on an upright stem and trained in tree form. Cf. standard n. 13b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > fruit-tree > wall-tree or standard standard1625 wall-tree1653 stander1660 espalier1664 wall-fruit1669 mural1684 waller1688 wall1707 cordon1878 spalliard1888 1660 tr. R. Arnauld d'Andilly Manner of ordering Fruit-trees 44 Plants..which are graffed in a Cleft, and designed for Trees with a high stemm, such as Pear-trees, Apple-trees, and others, for standers. 1685 W. Penn Further Acct. Pennsylvania 8 All sorts of English fruits..take mighty well for the time: The Peach Excellent, on standers. a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 357 In the same manner must the dwarf-standers be cut. †4. Something which remains constant, unchanging, or in a fixed position. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > [noun] > condition of remaining in one place > that which stander1642 fixture1812 1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. iv. 62 Though he useth barbarous School-terms, which like standers are fixt to the controversie, yet in his moveable Latine..his style is pure. 1647 T. Fuller Good Thoughts in Worse Times iv. xiii. 164 Mixt-Prayers..Wherein the Standers,..remaine alwayes unaltered. Whilst the moveable petitions..are added, abridged, or altered, as Gods Spirit adviseth. 1666 J. Smith Γηροκομία Βασιλικὴ 76 There is necessary both these, viz. the firm stander, and the strong mover; the upper and the nether milstone. †II. A military or ceremonial ensign, and related senses. 5. A military or ceremonial flag of a particular kind. Cf. standard n. 4a. Obsolete.In quot. 1683 possibly a typographical error for standard or standards. ΚΠ 1397 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/263/11) iiij Standres de Worstede debil' de armis Arundell' prec' iiij.d'. 1486 Short & Brief Memory First Progresse King Henry VII in P. McGrath Bristol Misc. (1985) 6 The maire of London with al his brethren and all the crafts in London in great multitude of barges garnyshed with bands, penounces, standers and pensetts mett with his grace as far as Putnane and hertely welcomed hym home. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xviii. 22 Euery man mounted, and the baners and standers folowed this new made knyght. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Bannars, pendauntes, or Standers, splayed in battayle, signa infesta. 1683 tr. John III Sobieski Let. King of Poland to his Queen (new ed.) 3 I have presented him 3 of my horses, the Bassa of Egypts tent and standars [ed. 1 (1683) reads Standard], and ten pieces of cannon. 6. slang. The penis. Cf. standard n. 5. Obsolete. rare.As a double entendre. ΚΠ 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. l. 343 King. Saint Cupid then and Souldiers to the fielde. Berow. Aduaunce your standars, and vpon them Lords. III. A person who or animal that stands. 7. a. A person or animal that stands (in various senses of the verb).Now rare except in sense 7b. ΚΠ a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) l. 3741 (MED) No syȝ neuer men beter fyȝters, Beter stonders, no beter weorryours. c1550 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 309 Four copes of crimson velvett..for standers. ?1602 Narcissus (MS Bodl. Rawl. poet. 212) (1893) 491 O, the hares a lusty stander, Follow apace. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. iii. 78 When they fall as being slipery standers [etc.] . View more context for this quotation 1657 J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee i. 13 Loyterers, and standers idle. 1972 R. Adams Watership Down xx. 119 He was, rather, a stander of no nonsense who knew when duty was done and did it himself. b. spec. A person or animal in an upright position supported by the feet. Cf. stand v. 1. In quot. c1500 used appositively, with reference to the mistaken belief that elephants are incapable of lying down. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > [noun] > one who standerc1500 c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) clvi (MED) There sawe I..The fery tiger..The dromydare, the standar oliphant, The wyly fox. 1788 F. Burney Diary 2 Feb. (1842) IV. 53 'Tis, indeed, to us standers, an amazing addition to fatigue to keep still. 1815 Sporting Mag. 46 124 The crowd of sitters and standers gradually increases. 1897 R. Broughton Dear Faustina xiv In a quarrel the sitter has always an advantage over the stander. 2008 Independent 14 July (Extra section) 13/5 So let lookers look. Let standers stand. Let runners run. †c. cant. A highwayman who stands watch on the road. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > watcher or look-out > criminals' stander1610 spotter1850 1610 S. Rid Martin Mark-all sig. E4 Stander, he that stands sentinel vpon the Pad or high-way to robbe. 1610 S. Rid Martin Mark-all sig. G2 [He] was faine to liue..a stander for the padder. d. A person who pays for or treats others to a drink. Cf. stand v. 44b. Now rare. ΚΠ 1866 Bell's Life in London 22 Dec. 4/3 It pleasures him to tattle o'er the cup; And he grunts with a hiccup to the stander of the treat. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 405 Will immensely splendiferous stander permit one stooder..to terminate one expensive..libation. 1939 Manch. Guardian 23 May 13/3 A self-indulgent fellow, a stander of drinks and watcher of greyhound-races, who wants a good time. 8. old, ancient, or long stander: a person of long standing in a profession, community, etc., as distinguished from a novice or newcomer; an old hand, an old-timer. Also in extended use.Cf. standard n. 26b and stager n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > accustomedness > familiarity with a thing > one who has long experience veteran1565 old stager1570 old, ancient, or long stander1590 stager1664 old soldier1722 old hand1764 warhorse1836 1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. B^v It moues me as much as the fatherly rebuke of an old stander, moude that vniuersity post, which seemed to take the wall of a Senior. 1592 R. Greene Thirde Pt. Conny-catching sig. D4^v Which did so much content him, as that he had beguiled so ancient a stander in that profession. 1647 W. Harington Genethliacon in J. Hall Poems sig. A6 Thus thy luxuriant Laurel-sprout As soon as't hath its head put out, Or'e tops old standers! 1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon iv. xiii. 176 We begin with the Portugueze, who deserve the first place, being the oldest Standers there. 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. ii. vii. 88 Our young proficients in the Minute Philosophy..do far outgo the old standers and professors of the Sect. 1832 W. Irving Life & Lett. (1864) II. 486 It seems as if all the old standers of the city had called on me. 1964 Daily Mail 1 Oct. 10/2 He left and teamed up with Cubby Broccoli, a long-stander at Warwick films. 2017 Prop. Observer (Nexis) 17 Sept. These offers come from frustrated, but increasingly savvy, long-standers in the market who have done their due diligence, and perhaps know the market better than any rookie, or overly optimistic, listing agent. 9. U.S. Hunting. A hunter who stands at a particular place to wait for the game to be driven within shooting range. ΚΠ 1830 Amer. Turf Reg. & Sporting Mag. Apr. 400 Four standers..kept on the estate. 2017 Daily Cardinal (Univ. Wisconsin–Madison) (Nexis) 25 Nov. 1 It was drive hunting... No, not road hunting from a car, but putting on drives to move the deer to standers waiting for a shot, usually at a running deer. †10. Church History. A person belonging to the fourth or highest class of penitents in the early Orthodox Church, permitted to attend services but not to take communion; = co-stander n. and consistent n. 2. Obsolete. rare.The prevalence of the system by which penitents were divided into classes has been contested by modern scholars. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > [noun] > person undergoing > varieties of prostratea1600 succumbent1661 co-stander1709 prostrator1709 consistenta1711 kneeler1719 substrator1720 weeper1841 stander1877 scrupulant1938 1877 Johnson's New Universal Cycl. III. 1141/2 The penitent had to go through four different stages:..(4) that of the standers (Gr. systantes; Lat. consistentes), who were only excluded from participation in the sacraments. 1885 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 486 They are first defined in an epistle ascribed to Gregory Thaumaturgus about the year 258, and are as under: (1) Weepers..; (2) Hearers..; (3) Kneelers..; (4) Standers, who might remain throughout the entire rite, but were not suffered to communicate. †IV. Other senses. 11. A set (of plumes). Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1578 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 238 Foure standeris of fedderis for the toppis of beddis. 12. An image, inscription, or other device on a coin. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > obverse or reverse of coin > device stamped on coin1362 stamp1555 stander1579 type1785 symbol1883 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin vii. 375 He defaced out of their monies and coynes their auncient stampes, causing them for afterwards to beare his standers and stamp [It. il segno suo] in signe of absolute superioritie. Compounds C1. With adverbs, forming compound agent nouns corresponding to adverbial combinations of stand (see stand v. Phrasal verbs 1), as in stander about, stander round, stander up, etc. Now rare.See also stander-by n. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > presence > [noun] > person or thing that is present presencec1330 presentc1330 standera1500 Johnny-on-the-spot1880 presentee1892 ever-present1903 a1500 Let. Alexander l. 226 in Mediaeval Stud. (1979) 41 127 Ffor ther wern to comparison of gretnesse of boolis, in grete murmur and noise smote the backes of standersabout. 1582 Bible (Rheims) Mark xiv. 47 And one certaine man of the standers about..smote the seruant of the cheefe priest. 1591 H. Smith Exam. Vsurie (new ed.) i. sig. B8^v, in Preparatiue to Mariage The standers about sayd one to another, See how he loued him. a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) VI. 62 Publick Spirits, Patriots, and Standers up for their Country. 1885 E. C. Lefroy Echoes from Theocritus ii. xxix And six tall lads break through the standers-round. 1938 Irish Monthly Dec. 823 The steward..passed chairs over the cringing rows of people seated near the door to the fatigued standers-up at the back. C2. With prepositional phrases, forming compound agent nouns corresponding to phrasal uses of stand (see stand v. Phrasal verbs 2). Now rare. ΚΠ 1608 J. Dod & R. Cleaver Two Serm. ii. 68 The standers against them so shamefull. 1656 A. Cowley Davideis i. 34 (note) in Poems One, τῶν ἑστηκότων, of the standers before God. 1850 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 716/1 The most obstinate stander on old ways. 1913 Trans. N.Y. Obstetrical Soc. 1911–13 229 The obstetrician is a stander before women, a mere looker-on. 2020 CE Noticias Financieras Eng. Newswire (Nexis) 17 Aug. Sirikit always became a stander for his firstborn in the face of the many voices who watched with concern the possibility of a man famous for his dissolute life coming to sit on the throne. C3. stander bearer n. = standard-bearer n. (in various senses).Later examples may show misspellings or typographical errors for standard-bearer. ΚΠ c1475 in F. P. Barnard Edward IV's French Exped. (1925) f. 4 (MED) All baner barrers and standarez berers to haue doble wages. 1572 R. Harrison tr. L. Lavater Of Ghostes i. xvii. 81 When..their ensignes will not displaie abroade but folde about the stander bearers heads. 1657 W. Prynne Exact Abridgem. Rec. Tower of London 670 William Gower Standar-bearer to Richard Duke of York. 1790 Coll. Ordinances & Regulations Governm. Royal Housh. 3 Stander Bearers. 1884 Chron. (Univ. Michigan) 25 Oct. 30/2 The students..quite outdid themselves in bringing back to the standar-bearer's memory the familiar rebel yell. 2005 Forward (Electronic ed.) 1 Apr. A right-wing vigilante group that once served as the stander bearer of Jewish militancy in America. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022). < n.1325
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