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单词 adderwort
释义

adderwortn.

Brit. /ˈadəwəːt/, U.S. /ˈædərˌwərt/, /ˈædərˌwɔrt/
Forms: see adder n.1 and wort n.1; also Middle English eddyswort (perhaps transmission error), late Middle English oderwourt (perhaps transmission error).
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon nādarwort dragon arum (Middle Low German nāderwort , adderwort bistort, wild arum), Old High German nātarwurz dragon arum (German Natterwurz bistort, dragon arum (early 15th cent. as nāterwurz ); also Old High German nātarūnwurz (German †nāternwurz (15th cent.)) < the Germanic base of adder n.1 + the Germanic base of wort n.1 Compare Dutch adderwortel bistort (1543 as naterwortel).In sense (a) either with reference to the supposed resemblance of the root of the bistort to a coiled snake, or to the root's use in the treatment of snakebites (which was in turn probably inspired by its shape); perhaps originally after classical Latin vīperīna (compare quot. OE1), use as noun of feminine of vīperīnus viperine adj. and n.2 With the use of the word to gloss classical Latin basilicum , basiliscum see the note at the definition and the discussion at basil n.1 With sense (b) compare dragonwort n. 1.
Now chiefly English regional and historical.
(a) The plant bistort, Persicaria bistorta; also called snakeweed; cf. adder's grass n. 1. (b) Dragon arum, Dracunculus vulgaris (obsolete).In early use also sometimes rendering Latin basilisca (also basilica), apparently in sense ‘sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum’ (and also rendering Latin ocimum, in the same sense). This identification of the herb basil as adderwort derives from a mistaken association of the name of the herb with the basilisk; see discussion at basil n.1
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Polygonaceae (dock and allies) > [noun] > bistort and allies
adderwortOE
arsesmarta1300
persicarya1400
persicaria?a1450
polygonya1500
buckwheat1548
polygonum1562
passions1568
bistort1578
oysterloit1578
goat's wheat1597
peachwort1597
plumbago1597
redshank1597
snake-weed1597
dragonwort1656
smartweed1787
patience dock1796
red-legs1820
passion dock1828
smartgrass1837
mud knotweed1845
jointweed1866
tear-thumb1866
pinch-weed1883
knotweed1884
sachaline1901
OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) vi. 50 Ðeos wyrt þe man uiperinam & oðrum naman nædderwyrt nemneð bið cenned on wætere & on æcerum.
OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) cxxxi. 168 Ðeos wyrt þe man basilisca [?a1200 Harl. 6258B basillicam] & oðrum naman nædderwyrt [?a1200 Harl. 6258B næddrewyrt] nemneþ.
c1225 Worcester Glosses to Old Eng. Herbarium in Anglia (1928) 52 21 [Nædderwyrt, basilica] Neddrewurt.
a1325 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 236 [Serpentina] nadderwort.
a1400 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 102 [Dragantea] serpentine, edderwert.
?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 2 (MED) Addyrworte ys an erbe þat som manne callith dragans oþer serpentary, þis erbe is like to þe colour of an nadder all spraklyd.
?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh.) (1950) 148 (MED) Dragansia is an herbe men clepe dragauns or oderwourt [v.rr. edderwort, addyrwort] and serpentyn.
1617 J. Minsheu Ἡγεμὼν είς τὰς γλῶσσας: Ductor in Linguas This hearbe hath his root crooked and winding vp, as a snake when he lieth wound vp, and therefore it is called Adderwort.
1787 R. W. Darwin Principia Botanica Index 211 Adder's wort..Polygonum.
1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. Adderwort, Polygonum Bistorta, L., Bistort.
2002 A. Van Arsdall Medieval Herbal Remedies v.149 (note) Literally snakeplant (nædre wort in Old English); also called adderwort and viperina in modern English.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.OE
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