starkenv.

Brit.

/ˈstɑːk(ə)n/, U.S.

/ˈstɑrkən/

Forms: see stark adj. and adv. and -en suffix⁵.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: stark adj., -en suffix⁵.

Etymology: < stark adj. + -en suffix⁵. Compare earlier stark v. Compare also storken v.

†a. intransitive. To grow strong; spec. (of a person) to grow up, become stronger. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 1845 On þe streme þe arche con ride. Þe stormes starkind [a1400 Vesp. starked] wiþ-outen pride.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. 1540 Qwhil he passit al youthaide, And starkynnyt in til stout manhaide.

a1540 (c1460) G. Hay tr. Bk. King Alexander 4331 I..counsales the that thow pas hame thai way And sulk ane quhile apoun thai moderis kne Quhill bettir starkyn for the were thow be.

b. transitive. Originally: to make stark or strong, to strengthen. Now esp.: to expose or emphasize the starkness of; to render severe or uncompromising; to delineate in sharp relief.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > be harsh or severe upon [verb (transitive)] > make harsh or severe

starken1536

stern1722

1536 Storys & Prophesis Script. sig. M ij God hath starkened my [read me] with force, and he hath euened my awaye withouten spotte.

1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. liii. 114 See, deame, if we've got a swope whusky—I's sworry the rum-bottle's duin—We'll starken our keytes, I'll uphod us.

1835 T. Carlyle Let. 20 Apr. in Coll. Lett. T. & J. W. Carlyle (1981) VIII. 98 Except Supper starken me a little, and I be tempted to resume.

1842 H. Taylor Edwin the Fair iv. iv, in Wks. (1864) II. 103 If thy lust of kingly power Outbid thine other lusts, and starken thee In grasping of that shadow of a sceptre That still is left thee.

1969 C. Tomlinson Sel. Poems (1989) 78 Outside, the snow Starkened all that snow was not.

1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 290/2 Starken, 1. To harden off during growth. (plants, etc.) 2. To strengthen.

1997 Irish Times (Nexis) 13 Sept. (Weekend Review) 64 A crumbling economy pushed people to the margins, starkening choice to the point of essentially leaving it, for too many, between fascism and communism.

2003 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 26 Mar. 14 The lie only starkened the truth.

2014 J. C. Klausen Fugitive Rousseau ii. 97 The mainline Stoic view starkens the topography of the total social field to one of either moral freedom or moral slavery only.

2. intransitive. To become stiff; (of liquid) to coagulate, solidify. Also transitive: to make stiff, thicken. Cf. stark v. 1. Now English regional and Irish English (northern).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > become (more) dense or solid [verb (intransitive)]

thicka1000

starkOE

congealc1400

starken?a1513

concrease1578

thicken1598

knit1605

condensate1607

fix1626

saddena1642

concretea1676

incrassate1733

solidify1837

consolidate1885

the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > types of hardness > [verb (intransitive)] > become stiff or rigid

starkOE

starken?a1513

rigidify1829

rigidize1858

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 108 Quhone that our mouthis dois meit at ane, My stang dois storkyn with ȝour towdie.

1583 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (ed. 4) II. 1895/1 He..wyth the ryghte hande being somewhat starckned knocked vpon his brest softly.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 38 Which..was their nutrimental juice coagulated there, like the bloud starkn'd in the veins of dead Animals.

1758 Eng. Housewifry Improved 2 Pour a little of the Jelly in the Bottom, it will soon starken.

1862 C. C. Robinson Dial. Leeds & Neighbourhood 420 Starken, Sturken, Storken, to stiffen. Boiled treacle or rendered fat ‘starkens’ as it cools.

1876 T. S. Egan tr. H. Heine Atta Troll 146 They now lie mute and like unto the dead, Starkened and cold.

1908 J. Payne Carol & Cadence 217 When the trees like spectres stand, By some strong enchanter's hand Struck and starkened into stillness.

1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 127/1 Starken, Sturken, v. To stiffen, to make rigid..'Soom starch wad starken't'.

1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 332/1 Stark, starken, (of fat, etc.) congeal, harden.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	starken
释义	starkenv. Brit. /ˈstɑːk(ə)n/, U.S. /ˈstɑrkən/ Forms: see stark adj. and adv. and -en suffix⁵. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: stark adj., -en suffix⁵. Etymology: < stark adj. + -en suffix⁵. Compare earlier stark v. Compare also storken v. 1. †a. intransitive. To grow strong; spec. (of a person) to grow up, become stronger. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 1845 On þe streme þe arche con ride. Þe stormes starkind [a1400 Vesp. starked] wiþ-outen pride. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. 1540 Qwhil he passit al youthaide, And starkynnyt in til stout manhaide. a1540 (c1460) G. Hay tr. Bk. King Alexander 4331 I..counsales the that thow pas hame thai way And sulk ane quhile apoun thai moderis kne Quhill bettir starkyn for the were thow be. b. transitive. Originally: to make stark or strong, to strengthen. Now esp.: to expose or emphasize the starkness of; to render severe or uncompromising; to delineate in sharp relief. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > be harsh or severe upon [verb (transitive)] > make harsh or severe starken1536 stern1722 1536 Storys & Prophesis Script. sig. M ij God hath starkened my [read me] with force, and he hath euened my awaye withouten spotte. 1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. liii. 114 See, deame, if we've got a swope whusky—I's sworry the rum-bottle's duin—We'll starken our keytes, I'll uphod us. 1835 T. Carlyle Let. 20 Apr. in Coll. Lett. T. & J. W. Carlyle (1981) VIII. 98 Except Supper starken me a little, and I be tempted to resume. 1842 H. Taylor Edwin the Fair iv. iv, in Wks. (1864) II. 103 If thy lust of kingly power Outbid thine other lusts, and starken thee In grasping of that shadow of a sceptre That still is left thee. 1969 C. Tomlinson Sel. Poems (1989) 78 Outside, the snow Starkened all that snow was not. 1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 290/2 Starken, 1. To harden off during growth. (plants, etc.) 2. To strengthen. 1997 Irish Times (Nexis) 13 Sept. (Weekend Review) 64 A crumbling economy pushed people to the margins, starkening choice to the point of essentially leaving it, for too many, between fascism and communism. 2003 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 26 Mar. 14 The lie only starkened the truth. 2014 J. C. Klausen Fugitive Rousseau ii. 97 The mainline Stoic view starkens the topography of the total social field to one of either moral freedom or moral slavery only. 2. intransitive. To become stiff; (of liquid) to coagulate, solidify. Also transitive: to make stiff, thicken. Cf. stark v. 1. Now English regional and Irish English (northern). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > become (more) dense or solid [verb (intransitive)] thicka1000 starkOE congealc1400 starken?a1513 concrease1578 thicken1598 knit1605 condensate1607 fix1626 saddena1642 concretea1676 incrassate1733 solidify1837 consolidate1885 the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > types of hardness > [verb (intransitive)] > become stiff or rigid starkOE starken?a1513 rigidify1829 rigidize1858 a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 108 Quhone that our mouthis dois meit at ane, My stang dois storkyn with ȝour towdie. 1583 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (ed. 4) II. 1895/1 He..wyth the ryghte hande being somewhat starckned knocked vpon his brest softly. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 38 Which..was their nutrimental juice coagulated there, like the bloud starkn'd in the veins of dead Animals. 1758 Eng. Housewifry Improved 2 Pour a little of the Jelly in the Bottom, it will soon starken. 1862 C. C. Robinson Dial. Leeds & Neighbourhood 420 Starken, Sturken, Storken, to stiffen. Boiled treacle or rendered fat ‘starkens’ as it cools. 1876 T. S. Egan tr. H. Heine Atta Troll 146 They now lie mute and like unto the dead, Starkened and cold. 1908 J. Payne Carol & Cadence 217 When the trees like spectres stand, By some strong enchanter's hand Struck and starkened into stillness. 1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 127/1 Starken, Sturken, v. To stiffen, to make rigid..'Soom starch wad starken't'. 1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 332/1 Stark, starken, (of fat, etc.) congeal, harden. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.a1400
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