starlingn.¹

Brit.

/ˈstɑːlɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈstɑrlɪŋ/

Forms: Old English stærlinc, Old English (in a late copy) Middle English– starling, Middle English sterlinge, Middle English sterlingges (plural), Middle English 1700s sterlynge, Middle English–1500s starlyng, Middle English–1500s sterlyng, Middle English–1700s sterling; also Scottish pre-1700 sterling, pre-1700 stirlene, pre-1700 stirlyng, pre-1700 styrlyng, pre-1700 1700s–1800s stirling, 1800s stirleen (Shetland), 1800s– stirlin, 1800s– stirlin', 1800s– sturlin.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: stare n.¹, -ling suffix¹.

Etymology: < stare n.¹ + -ling suffix¹.Compare also the following early uses as a personal name, byname, or surname: Starlingus, Starlinc (both 1086), Willelmus filius Sterling (1133–60), Jord. Starling (1166).

a. A common European songbird, Sturnus vulgaris (family Sturnidae), typically having dark iridescent plumage with occasional white speckles, gregarious behaviour, and a loud, mimicking call. Also more fully common starling, European starling. In later use also: any other bird of the family Sturnidae.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > [noun] > family Sturnidae

starlingOE

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > [noun] > family Sturnidae > genus Sturnus

stareOE

starlingOE

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > [noun] > family Sturnidae > genus Sturnus > sturnus vulgaris (starling)

stareeOE

starlingOE

starle?1533

shepstare1563

ship-starnel1622

starnel1709

OE Latin-Old Eng. Gloss. (Harl. 107) in Zeitschr. f. Deutsches Alterthum (1889) 33 241 Sturnus, stærlinc.

a1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesworth (Arun.) (1857) 151 Soundre de porks et d'estourneus [glossed] sterlinges.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 1789 Þe sparhauk flough be þe sterling [Gött. starling].

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ix. 135 Thei smote in a-monge hem as faucouns amonge starlinges.

1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xii. Prol. 238 The styrlyng changis diuers stevynnys nys.

a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 713 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 117 The maviss and ye merle syngis Osillis and stirlingis.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 31 The garruling of the stirlene gart the sparrou cheip.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. iii. 222 Ile haue a starling shalbe taught to speake Nothing but Mortimer.

1668 S. Pepys Diary 1 Mar. (1976) IX. 99 A Starling which..doth whistle and talk the most and best that ever I heard anything in my life.

1670 J. Eachard Grounds Contempt of Clergy 86 Then after all this came the Jack-daws, and Starlings (idle Birds that they are!).

1729 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (ed. 5) II. 39 Of all the Birds..I far prefer the Stirling's Notes.

1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 25 ‘I can't get out,’ said the starling.

1841 John Bull 20 Feb. 96/2 A common starling, which had been taught not only to lay aside its natural notes.., but to chatter away with all the volubility and much of the quaintness of an old maid.

1880 W. Carnegie Pract. Trapping 40 It is not generally known what a delicious bird the starling is to eat.

1894–5 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. III. 343 Starlings..all agree in possessing a wing with five primary quills, and twelve tail-feathers.

1948 N. M. Gunn Shadow iii. i. 184 Do you remember the collective nouns: a murmuration of starlings, wasn't it?

1988 I. Colegate Deceits of Time (1990) 15 He knew which drainpipes sheltered noisy families of starlings summer after summer.

2002 Connecticut Wildlife Mar. 9/1 Gilwood boxes have a high rate of use by European starlings (non-native).

b. With distinguishing word: any of various other birds of the genus Sturnus or family Sturnidae.

ΚΠ

1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. ii. xviii. 194 The Rose or Carnation-coloured Ouzel of Aldrov[andus]... This bird our Fowlers call, the Sea-Starling.

1734 E. Albin Nat. Hist. Birds II. 38 The yellow Starling from Bengall.

1743 G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds I. 19 The Chinese Starling or Black-Bird.

1829 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom VII. 37 The..collared stare, Persian starling, and Alpine warbler.

1869–73 T. R. Jones tr. A. E. Brehm Cassell's Bk. Birds I. 234 The True Glossy Starlings (Lamprocolii).

1885 Palestinian Explor. Fund 275 At Tel el Milh, in a swamp,..a number of the black or Sardinian starlings came to roost in the rushes.

1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. 435 The Shining Starling, Calornis metailica.

1940 H. F. Witherby et al. Handbk. Brit. Birds I. 45 The Rose-coloured Starling—Pastor roseus.

1991 Times 27 Dec. 6/6 The Bali starling, down to under 17 in the wild at one point, is a striking victim of illegal trapping.

2. Any of various New World birds of the family Icteridae, typically having glossy black plumage with red, yellow, or orange patches. Frequently with distinguishing word as American starling, meadow starling, etc. Now rare. Cf. red-winged starling n. (a) at red-winged adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Icteridae > [noun] > genus Icterus (oriole)

starling1674

icterus1713

hanging bird1759

oriole1782

hangbird1789

hammock1853

1674 J. Josselyn Acct. Two Voy. 100 Wood-larks, Wrens, Swallows, who will sit upon Trees, and Starlings black as Ravens with scarlet pinions.

1678 Philos. Trans. 1677 (Royal Soc.) 12 1065 Crows, Starlings and other Birds, which being allured by the sweetness of the Corn before it hardneth, come then in great flights into the fields.

1704 Nat. Hist. ii, in L. Wafer New Voy. & Descr. Isthmus Amer. (ed. 2) 193 American Starling. All his Feathers are of a shining black, except some scarlet spots on his Throat.

1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 291 Sturuus predatorius, the red winged sterling, or corn thief.

1854 Illustr. Mag. Art 4 226/2 In some instances the red-winged starling, like his European representative, has been taught to articulate words pretty distinctly.

1869–73 T. R. Jones tr. A. E. Brehm Cassell's Bk. Birds I. 215 The Yellow or Golden Starlings.

1907 Outlook 13 July 549/2 The President brought us back by the corner of a clover meadow where he was sure a pair of red-shouldered starlings had a nest.

1938 Proc. Zool. Soc. London A. 108 199 Icteridae. Twenty of these American ‘Starlings’ show an average of 12 years; only 2, of these 20, being left alive.

2007 A. E. Kaye Joining Places i. 33 Bondspeople new to the vicinity found it alive with a medley of colorful fauna:..golden orioles, red-winged starlings, woodpeckers of many types and hues.

†3. cant. A lover, a sexual partner. Only in brother starling n. a man considered in relation to another or others with whom he shares a female sexual partner. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > a lover > [noun]

friendOE

lovendOE

lotebyc1330

lovera1382

honeyc1405

amorousa1492

belovera1492

amant1508

fantasera1547

mate1549

Romeo?1566

inamorato1592

amorite1597

amorettoc1600

inamorate1602

amorado1607

enamorate1607

amoroso1616

admirer1640

passionate1651

brother starling1675

sweethearter1854

lovebird1858

mateya1864

jelly roll1895

lovekin1896

main squeeze1896

lovekins1920

romancer1923

playmate1928

heartthrob1929

bae2006

1675 Ape-gentle-woman 5 She..swears by her Soul she was never concerned with the rest [of the Gallants], which the Bubble believes, till meeting with some of his Brother-Starlings..and comparing Notes, they are fully convinc'd she hath been equally perfidious to them all.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Brother-starling, that Lies with the same Woman.

1702 T. Brown et al. Lett. from Dead to Living 78 The greatest Monarch in the Universe and I are brother Starlins.

1737 J. Lockman tr. A. R. Le Sage Bachelor of Salamanca I. 85 Nothing was wanting but for us to be brother Starlings, and that I suppose we are.

4. A variety of the domestic pigeon; more fully starling pigeon. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > other types

porcelainc1530

turn-pate1611

light horseman1661

runt1661

smiter1668

helmet1676

mammet1678

Cortbeck1688

turbit1688

turner1688

dragoon1725

finicking1725

Leghorn1725

nun1725

owl1725

petit1725

trumpeter1725

horseman1735

Mahomet1735

barbel1736

turn-tail1736

frill-back1765

blue rock1825

beard1826

ice pigeon1829

toy1831

black1839

skinnum1839

splash1851

whole-feather1851

spangle1854

swallow1854

shield1855

stork pigeon1855

Swabian1855

yellow1855

archangel1867

dragon1867

starling1867

magpie1868

smerle1869

bluette1870

cumulet1876

oriental1876

spot fairy1876

turbiteen1876

blondinette1879

hyacinth1879

Modena pigeon1879

silver-dun1879

silverette1879

silver-mealy1879

swift pigeon1879

Victoria1879

visor1879

ice1881

swallow pigeon1881

velvet fairy1881

priesta1889

frill1890

1867 W. B. Tegetmeier Pigeons xxi. 174 The Starlings are dark-coloured birds, white barred, with a speckled, crescent-shaped band across the crop.

1881 J. C. Lyell Fancy Pigeons 97 The Starling pigeon is a Continental variety, and in Germany it goes by the name of Der Staarenhals, or the starling neck.

1958 C. A. Naether Bk. of Pigeon (ed. 4) v. 109 A pigeon very popular in Germany and bred in more color combinations than any other German toy pigeon is the Starling.

1998 J. Hansell Pigeon in Hist. ix. 57 The Starling variety, which has a crescent-shaped white mark on its breast was once called the Moon Bird.

†5. The white-spotted greenling, Hexagrammos stelleri, a fish of the northern Pacific having a dark body with irregular white spots on the sides. Also called rock trout. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1881 Proc. U.S. National Mus. 4 55 Hexagrammus asper Steller.—Starling.

1884 D. S. Jordan in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 267 Boregata (Hexagrammus Stelleri)... The name ‘Starling’ is applied to some fish, supposed by us to be this species, in the Straits of Fuca.

1908 C. Bradford Angler's Guide 40 Rock Trout (Boregata, Boregat, Starling, etc.). Caught on small-fish bait about rocks in deep water from Puget Sound to Kamchatka. Weighs up to three pounds.

Compounds

Forming compound adjectives.

ΚΠ

1758 J. Reeves Art Farriery Index 473 Starling-coloured horses.

1855 Poultry Chron. 3 272 The starling-breasted pigeon.

1912 ‘Saki’ Unbearable Bassington iii. 42 Those starling-voiced dullards who seem to have, on all subjects, so much to say that was well worth leaving unsaid.

1992 H. Sato tr. T. Kōtarō Brief Hist. Imbecility 29 Starling-color leaves dance up into the sky.

2005 Trav. Afr. Autumn 40/3 The best-known exponent of mutualism..is surely the oxpecker. This starling-sized bird spends much of its life on the back of large grazing mammals.

Derivatives

ˈstarling-like adj.

ΚΠ

1823 John Bull 24 Mar. 92/3 It is, we repeat, the repetition—the starling-like cry of Reform—Reform—which has sounded in men's ears, until they confound the meaning and object of it.

1880 Cassell's Nat. Hist. IV. 101 The first family of the starling-like perching birds. The Weaver Birds (Ploceidæ).

1972 Times 2 Nov. 12/6 Their presence is signalled by the starling-like screams of hundreds of girls running from entrance to entrance of whichever building the stars are in at the moment.

2001 F. de Waal Ape & Sushi Master iv. 159 The two bird experts note the piece's [sc. Mozart's A Musical Joke] starling-like qualities.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

starlingn.²

Brit.

/ˈstɑːlɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈstɑrlɪŋ/

Forms: 1600s– starling, 1700s steerling, 1700s stirling, 1700s–1800s sterling.

Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: staddling n.

Etymology: Apparently a variant of staddling n. (although if so the variation is difficult to account for), or perhaps an alteration resulting from association with another (unidentified) word.The form steerling may show folk-etymological remodelling after steer v.¹

A structure built around the pier of a bridge so as to protect it from damage by the force of the current, the impact of vessels or floating objects, etc. Cf. cutwater n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > bridge > parts of

pierlOE

bridge foota1450

heada1450

staddling1461

foota1500

bridge end1515

jowel1516

causey1523

starling?c1684

rib1735

spur1736

icebreaker1744

jetty1772

cutwater1776

roadway1798

sleeper1823

water-breaker1823

centrya1834

stem1835

suspension-tower1842

cantilever1850

semi-beam1850

pylon1851

half-chess1853

span1862

sway-bracing1864

needle-beam1867

ice apron1871

newel1882

flood-arch1891

needle girder1898

sway-brace1909

trough flooring1911

?c1684 in E. F. Rimbault Old Ballads Great Frost 1683–4 (1844) 29 And on the starlings [was] kept the brandy trade.

1714 J. Macky Journey through Eng. I. xiii. 192 Arches..fenced with large Sterlings for the keeping off the Force of the Tide.

1739 C. Labelye Short Acct. Piers Westm. Bridge 42 There must be..a necessity of building Steerlings to preserve the Piers.

1773 J. Noorthouck New Hist. London 561 The passage under the arches [of old London Bridge] was contracted by enormous platforms, built round the decaying piers, called sterlings.

1840 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 3 106/2 Piers and..ponts or chests..made salient at each end like the starlings of a bridge.

1878 R. L. Stevenson Inland Voy. 17 They perched upon sterlings and buttresses.

1914 H. S. Jacoby & R. P. Davis Found. Bridges & Buildings xii. 387 The function of the starling is to pass the water with the least possible disturbance.

1946 Trans. & Proc. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 77 29 Diodorus Siculus uses the word [sc. γωνια] to describe the starling or cutwater formed by an angular projection on the pier of a bridge.

2011 L. Picard in Time Out London Walks (ed. 3) II. 265/2 It [sc. Old London Bridge] had 19 arches, on stone piers protected by ‘starlings’, which produced a dangerous millrace between them unless you got the tide exactly right.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	starling
释义	starlingn.¹ Brit. /ˈstɑːlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈstɑrlɪŋ/ Forms: Old English stærlinc, Old English (in a late copy) Middle English– starling, Middle English sterlinge, Middle English sterlingges (plural), Middle English 1700s sterlynge, Middle English–1500s starlyng, Middle English–1500s sterlyng, Middle English–1700s sterling; also Scottish pre-1700 sterling, pre-1700 stirlene, pre-1700 stirlyng, pre-1700 styrlyng, pre-1700 1700s–1800s stirling, 1800s stirleen (Shetland), 1800s– stirlin, 1800s– stirlin', 1800s– sturlin. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: stare n.¹, -ling suffix¹. Etymology: < stare n.¹ + -ling suffix¹.Compare also the following early uses as a personal name, byname, or surname: Starlingus, Starlinc (both 1086), Willelmus filius Sterling (1133–60), Jord. Starling (1166). 1. a. A common European songbird, Sturnus vulgaris (family Sturnidae), typically having dark iridescent plumage with occasional white speckles, gregarious behaviour, and a loud, mimicking call. Also more fully common starling, European starling. In later use also: any other bird of the family Sturnidae. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > [noun] > family Sturnidae starlingOE the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > [noun] > family Sturnidae > genus Sturnus stareOE starlingOE the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > [noun] > family Sturnidae > genus Sturnus > sturnus vulgaris (starling) stareeOE starlingOE starle?1533 shepstare1563 ship-starnel1622 starnel1709 OE Latin-Old Eng. Gloss. (Harl. 107) in Zeitschr. f. Deutsches Alterthum (1889) 33 241 Sturnus, stærlinc. a1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesworth (Arun.) (1857) 151 Soundre de porks et d'estourneus [glossed] sterlinges. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 1789 Þe sparhauk flough be þe sterling [Gött. starling]. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ix. 135 Thei smote in a-monge hem as faucouns amonge starlinges. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xii. Prol. 238 The styrlyng changis diuers stevynnys nys. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 713 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 117 The maviss and ye merle syngis Osillis and stirlingis. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 31 The garruling of the stirlene gart the sparrou cheip. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. iii. 222 Ile haue a starling shalbe taught to speake Nothing but Mortimer. View more context for this quotation 1668 S. Pepys Diary 1 Mar. (1976) IX. 99 A Starling which..doth whistle and talk the most and best that ever I heard anything in my life. 1670 J. Eachard Grounds Contempt of Clergy 86 Then after all this came the Jack-daws, and Starlings (idle Birds that they are!). 1729 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (ed. 5) II. 39 Of all the Birds..I far prefer the Stirling's Notes. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 25 ‘I can't get out,’ said the starling. 1841 John Bull 20 Feb. 96/2 A common starling, which had been taught not only to lay aside its natural notes.., but to chatter away with all the volubility and much of the quaintness of an old maid. 1880 W. Carnegie Pract. Trapping 40 It is not generally known what a delicious bird the starling is to eat. 1894–5 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. III. 343 Starlings..all agree in possessing a wing with five primary quills, and twelve tail-feathers. 1948 N. M. Gunn Shadow iii. i. 184 Do you remember the collective nouns: a murmuration of starlings, wasn't it? 1988 I. Colegate Deceits of Time (1990) 15 He knew which drainpipes sheltered noisy families of starlings summer after summer. 2002 Connecticut Wildlife Mar. 9/1 Gilwood boxes have a high rate of use by European starlings (non-native). b. With distinguishing word: any of various other birds of the genus Sturnus or family Sturnidae. ΚΠ 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. ii. xviii. 194 The Rose or Carnation-coloured Ouzel of Aldrov[andus]... This bird our Fowlers call, the Sea-Starling. 1734 E. Albin Nat. Hist. Birds II. 38 The yellow Starling from Bengall. 1743 G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds I. 19 The Chinese Starling or Black-Bird. 1829 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom VII. 37 The..collared stare, Persian starling, and Alpine warbler. 1869–73 T. R. Jones tr. A. E. Brehm Cassell's Bk. Birds I. 234 The True Glossy Starlings (Lamprocolii). 1885 Palestinian Explor. Fund 275 At Tel el Milh, in a swamp,..a number of the black or Sardinian starlings came to roost in the rushes. 1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. 435 The Shining Starling, Calornis metailica. 1940 H. F. Witherby et al. Handbk. Brit. Birds I. 45 The Rose-coloured Starling—Pastor roseus. 1991 Times 27 Dec. 6/6 The Bali starling, down to under 17 in the wild at one point, is a striking victim of illegal trapping. 2. Any of various New World birds of the family Icteridae, typically having glossy black plumage with red, yellow, or orange patches. Frequently with distinguishing word as American starling, meadow starling, etc. Now rare. Cf. red-winged starling n. (a) at red-winged adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Icteridae > [noun] > genus Icterus (oriole) starling1674 icterus1713 hanging bird1759 oriole1782 hangbird1789 hammock1853 1674 J. Josselyn Acct. Two Voy. 100 Wood-larks, Wrens, Swallows, who will sit upon Trees, and Starlings black as Ravens with scarlet pinions. 1678 Philos. Trans. 1677 (Royal Soc.) 12 1065 Crows, Starlings and other Birds, which being allured by the sweetness of the Corn before it hardneth, come then in great flights into the fields. 1704 Nat. Hist. ii, in L. Wafer New Voy. & Descr. Isthmus Amer. (ed. 2) 193 American Starling. All his Feathers are of a shining black, except some scarlet spots on his Throat. 1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 291 Sturuus predatorius, the red winged sterling, or corn thief. 1854 Illustr. Mag. Art 4 226/2 In some instances the red-winged starling, like his European representative, has been taught to articulate words pretty distinctly. 1869–73 T. R. Jones tr. A. E. Brehm Cassell's Bk. Birds I. 215 The Yellow or Golden Starlings. 1907 Outlook 13 July 549/2 The President brought us back by the corner of a clover meadow where he was sure a pair of red-shouldered starlings had a nest. 1938 Proc. Zool. Soc. London A. 108 199 Icteridae. Twenty of these American ‘Starlings’ show an average of 12 years; only 2, of these 20, being left alive. 2007 A. E. Kaye Joining Places i. 33 Bondspeople new to the vicinity found it alive with a medley of colorful fauna:..golden orioles, red-winged starlings, woodpeckers of many types and hues. †3. cant. A lover, a sexual partner. Only in brother starling n. a man considered in relation to another or others with whom he shares a female sexual partner. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > a lover > [noun] friendOE lovendOE lotebyc1330 lovera1382 honeyc1405 amorousa1492 belovera1492 amant1508 fantasera1547 mate1549 Romeo?1566 inamorato1592 amorite1597 amorettoc1600 inamorate1602 amorado1607 enamorate1607 amoroso1616 admirer1640 passionate1651 brother starling1675 sweethearter1854 lovebird1858 mateya1864 jelly roll1895 lovekin1896 main squeeze1896 lovekins1920 romancer1923 playmate1928 heartthrob1929 bae2006 1675 Ape-gentle-woman 5 She..swears by her Soul she was never concerned with the rest [of the Gallants], which the Bubble believes, till meeting with some of his Brother-Starlings..and comparing Notes, they are fully convinc'd she hath been equally perfidious to them all. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Brother-starling, that Lies with the same Woman. 1702 T. Brown et al. Lett. from Dead to Living 78 The greatest Monarch in the Universe and I are brother Starlins. 1737 J. Lockman tr. A. R. Le Sage Bachelor of Salamanca I. 85 Nothing was wanting but for us to be brother Starlings, and that I suppose we are. 4. A variety of the domestic pigeon; more fully starling pigeon. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > other types porcelainc1530 turn-pate1611 light horseman1661 runt1661 smiter1668 helmet1676 mammet1678 Cortbeck1688 turbit1688 turner1688 dragoon1725 finicking1725 Leghorn1725 nun1725 owl1725 petit1725 trumpeter1725 horseman1735 Mahomet1735 barbel1736 turn-tail1736 frill-back1765 blue rock1825 beard1826 ice pigeon1829 toy1831 black1839 skinnum1839 splash1851 whole-feather1851 spangle1854 swallow1854 shield1855 stork pigeon1855 Swabian1855 yellow1855 archangel1867 dragon1867 starling1867 magpie1868 smerle1869 bluette1870 cumulet1876 oriental1876 spot fairy1876 turbiteen1876 blondinette1879 hyacinth1879 Modena pigeon1879 silver-dun1879 silverette1879 silver-mealy1879 swift pigeon1879 Victoria1879 visor1879 ice1881 swallow pigeon1881 velvet fairy1881 priesta1889 frill1890 1867 W. B. Tegetmeier Pigeons xxi. 174 The Starlings are dark-coloured birds, white barred, with a speckled, crescent-shaped band across the crop. 1881 J. C. Lyell Fancy Pigeons 97 The Starling pigeon is a Continental variety, and in Germany it goes by the name of Der Staarenhals, or the starling neck. 1958 C. A. Naether Bk. of Pigeon (ed. 4) v. 109 A pigeon very popular in Germany and bred in more color combinations than any other German toy pigeon is the Starling. 1998 J. Hansell Pigeon in Hist. ix. 57 The Starling variety, which has a crescent-shaped white mark on its breast was once called the Moon Bird. †5. The white-spotted greenling, Hexagrammos stelleri, a fish of the northern Pacific having a dark body with irregular white spots on the sides. Also called rock trout. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1881 Proc. U.S. National Mus. 4 55 Hexagrammus asper Steller.—Starling. 1884 D. S. Jordan in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 267 Boregata (Hexagrammus Stelleri)... The name ‘Starling’ is applied to some fish, supposed by us to be this species, in the Straits of Fuca. 1908 C. Bradford Angler's Guide 40 Rock Trout (Boregata, Boregat, Starling, etc.). Caught on small-fish bait about rocks in deep water from Puget Sound to Kamchatka. Weighs up to three pounds. Compounds Forming compound adjectives. ΚΠ 1758 J. Reeves Art Farriery Index 473 Starling-coloured horses. 1855 Poultry Chron. 3 272 The starling-breasted pigeon. 1912 ‘Saki’ Unbearable Bassington iii. 42 Those starling-voiced dullards who seem to have, on all subjects, so much to say that was well worth leaving unsaid. 1992 H. Sato tr. T. Kōtarō Brief Hist. Imbecility 29 Starling-color leaves dance up into the sky. 2005 Trav. Afr. Autumn 40/3 The best-known exponent of mutualism..is surely the oxpecker. This starling-sized bird spends much of its life on the back of large grazing mammals. Derivatives ˈstarling-like adj. ΚΠ 1823 John Bull 24 Mar. 92/3 It is, we repeat, the repetition—the starling-like cry of Reform—Reform—which has sounded in men's ears, until they confound the meaning and object of it. 1880 Cassell's Nat. Hist. IV. 101 The first family of the starling-like perching birds. The Weaver Birds (Ploceidæ). 1972 Times 2 Nov. 12/6 Their presence is signalled by the starling-like screams of hundreds of girls running from entrance to entrance of whichever building the stars are in at the moment. 2001 F. de Waal Ape & Sushi Master iv. 159 The two bird experts note the piece's [sc. Mozart's A Musical Joke] starling-like qualities. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). starlingn.² Brit. /ˈstɑːlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈstɑrlɪŋ/ Forms: 1600s– starling, 1700s steerling, 1700s stirling, 1700s–1800s sterling. Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: staddling n. Etymology: Apparently a variant of staddling n. (although if so the variation is difficult to account for), or perhaps an alteration resulting from association with another (unidentified) word.The form steerling may show folk-etymological remodelling after steer v.¹ A structure built around the pier of a bridge so as to protect it from damage by the force of the current, the impact of vessels or floating objects, etc. Cf. cutwater n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > bridge > parts of pierlOE bridge foota1450 heada1450 staddling1461 foota1500 bridge end1515 jowel1516 causey1523 starling?c1684 rib1735 spur1736 icebreaker1744 jetty1772 cutwater1776 roadway1798 sleeper1823 water-breaker1823 centrya1834 stem1835 suspension-tower1842 cantilever1850 semi-beam1850 pylon1851 half-chess1853 span1862 sway-bracing1864 needle-beam1867 ice apron1871 newel1882 flood-arch1891 needle girder1898 sway-brace1909 trough flooring1911 ?c1684 in E. F. Rimbault Old Ballads Great Frost 1683–4 (1844) 29 And on the starlings [was] kept the brandy trade. 1714 J. Macky Journey through Eng. I. xiii. 192 Arches..fenced with large Sterlings for the keeping off the Force of the Tide. 1739 C. Labelye Short Acct. Piers Westm. Bridge 42 There must be..a necessity of building Steerlings to preserve the Piers. 1773 J. Noorthouck New Hist. London 561 The passage under the arches [of old London Bridge] was contracted by enormous platforms, built round the decaying piers, called sterlings. 1840 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 3 106/2 Piers and..ponts or chests..made salient at each end like the starlings of a bridge. 1878 R. L. Stevenson Inland Voy. 17 They perched upon sterlings and buttresses. 1914 H. S. Jacoby & R. P. Davis Found. Bridges & Buildings xii. 387 The function of the starling is to pass the water with the least possible disturbance. 1946 Trans. & Proc. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 77 29 Diodorus Siculus uses the word [sc. γωνια] to describe the starling or cutwater formed by an angular projection on the pier of a bridge. 2011 L. Picard in Time Out London Walks (ed. 3) II. 265/2 It [sc. Old London Bridge] had 19 arches, on stone piers protected by ‘starlings’, which produced a dangerous millrace between them unless you got the tide exactly right. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † starlingn.³ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: star n.¹, -ling suffix¹. Etymology: < star n.¹ + -ling suffix¹, after earthling n.² Obsolete. An inhabitant of a star. Cf. earthling n.²Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > [noun] > extraterrestrial inhabitant heavenwareOE superlunary1649 Selenite1650 lunarian1708 planetarian1778 little green man1802 starling1839 alien1931 space colony1932 space alien1936 ET1944 outworlder1948 off-worlder1957 extra-terrestrial1963 Klingon1968 grey1989 1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 214 Thou shouldest have been a starling, friend, And not an earthling. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online September 2019). < n.¹OEn.²?c1684n.³1839
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starlingn.1

Compounds

Derivatives

starlingn.2

† starlingn.3

starlingn.¹

starlingn.²

† starlingn.³