stemman.

Brit.

/ˈstɛmə/, U.S.

/ˈstɛmə/

Forms: Plural stemmata /ˈstɛmətə/.

Etymology: Latin, < Greek στέμμα garland, < στέϕειν to crown. In Latin chiefly a garland placed on an ancestral image, hence ancestry, pedigree, genealogical tree. In the 17th cent. a supposed literal sense ‘stem n.¹ of a tree’ was often inferred from the sense ‘stem of a family’.

Thesaurus »

Categories »

a. Roman History. The recorded genealogy of a family.

b. A diagram showing genetic relationships, a genealogical tree.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > genealogy as study > [noun] > genealogical record > tree, diagram, etc.

tree1297

pedigreec1425

Jesse1463

kindred's tree1605

birth brief1662

family tree1752

pedigree-stick1893

stemma1904

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Stemma, (Greek) the stalk of any herb or flower; also a stock, linage or pedigree.]

1879 Encycl. Brit. X. 144/1 In the case of plebeian families (whose stemmata in no case went farther back than 366 b.c.).

1904 W. Sanday Crit. Fourth Gospel (1905) viii. 239 If we were to construct a stemma, and draw lines from each of the authorities to a point x, representing the archetype, the lines would be long [etc.].

c. A diagram which represents a reconstruction on stemmatic principles of the position of the surviving witnesses in the tradition of the transmission of a text, esp. in manuscript form. Cf. stemmatology n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > version of text > [noun] > study of transmission of texts > diagram

stemma1930

1930 W. P. Shepard in Mod. Philol. XXVIII. 130 The claim that the Lachmannian method can deduce..the ipsissima verba of the author, takes no account of the fact that an author may change his mind…and the final and most telling objection to this method..is the fact that in practice it..leads to the establishment of a dichotomous ‘stemma’, a family tree.

1942 J. B. Severs in English Institute Ann. 1941 79 And so we deal with each of our families in turn, until the manuscripts in each family have been completely outlined... Thus we build up a complete stemma, or genealogical chart, for our whole body of manuscript.

1949 Oxf. Classical Dict. 889/1 Where one witness depends on two or more other witnesses, i.e. where the transmission is ‘contaminated’ and the stemma ‘convergent’, it is seldom possible to ascertain the type of interrelationship by stemmatics.

1962 E. J. Dobson in Davis & Wrenn English & Medieval Studies 136 We thus arrive at the stemma shown by the unbroken lines in the diagram.

1982 Notes & Queries Feb. 77/2 The meticulous detail of information is made clear by stemma diagrams. for those with the courage to penetrate the complexity.

2. Zoology. A simple eye, or a single facet of the compound eye, in invertebrates.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > bodies or parts > [noun] > eye

eye1601

ocellus1819

stemma1826

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 504 A kind of auxiliary eyes with which a large portion of them [sc. insects] are gifted. These Linné, from his regarding them as a kind of coronet, called Stemmata.

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 505 [Swammerdam] ascertained that the stemmata, as well as the compound eyes, were organs of vision.

c1865 J. Wylde Circle of Sci. II. 34/1 Similar to the stemmata of some worms are what are called the simple eyes of insects.

1880 F. P. Pascoe Zool. Classif. (ed. 2) 285 Ocelli or stemmata, simple or supplementary eyes in insects and spiders.

1892 A. B. Griffiths Physiol. Invertebr. 355 In the Myriapoda..each stemma has its retinal elements..so disposed..that [etc.].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	stemma
释义	stemman. Brit. /ˈstɛmə/, U.S. /ˈstɛmə/ Forms: Plural stemmata /ˈstɛmətə/. Etymology: Latin, < Greek στέμμα garland, < στέϕειν to crown. In Latin chiefly a garland placed on an ancestral image, hence ancestry, pedigree, genealogical tree. In the 17th cent. a supposed literal sense ‘stem n.¹ of a tree’ was often inferred from the sense ‘stem of a family’. 1. Thesaurus » Categories » a. Roman History. The recorded genealogy of a family. b. A diagram showing genetic relationships, a genealogical tree. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > genealogy as study > [noun] > genealogical record > tree, diagram, etc. tree1297 pedigreec1425 Jesse1463 kindred's tree1605 birth brief1662 family tree1752 pedigree-stick1893 stemma1904 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Stemma, (Greek) the stalk of any herb or flower; also a stock, linage or pedigree.] 1879 Encycl. Brit. X. 144/1 In the case of plebeian families (whose stemmata in no case went farther back than 366 b.c.). 1904 W. Sanday Crit. Fourth Gospel (1905) viii. 239 If we were to construct a stemma, and draw lines from each of the authorities to a point x, representing the archetype, the lines would be long [etc.]. c. A diagram which represents a reconstruction on stemmatic principles of the position of the surviving witnesses in the tradition of the transmission of a text, esp. in manuscript form. Cf. stemmatology n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > version of text > [noun] > study of transmission of texts > diagram stemma1930 1930 W. P. Shepard in Mod. Philol. XXVIII. 130 The claim that the Lachmannian method can deduce..the ipsissima verba of the author, takes no account of the fact that an author may change his mind…and the final and most telling objection to this method..is the fact that in practice it..leads to the establishment of a dichotomous ‘stemma’, a family tree. 1942 J. B. Severs in English Institute Ann. 1941 79 And so we deal with each of our families in turn, until the manuscripts in each family have been completely outlined... Thus we build up a complete stemma, or genealogical chart, for our whole body of manuscript. 1949 Oxf. Classical Dict. 889/1 Where one witness depends on two or more other witnesses, i.e. where the transmission is ‘contaminated’ and the stemma ‘convergent’, it is seldom possible to ascertain the type of interrelationship by stemmatics. 1962 E. J. Dobson in Davis & Wrenn English & Medieval Studies 136 We thus arrive at the stemma shown by the unbroken lines in the diagram. 1982 Notes & Queries Feb. 77/2 The meticulous detail of information is made clear by stemma diagrams. for those with the courage to penetrate the complexity. 2. Zoology. A simple eye, or a single facet of the compound eye, in invertebrates. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > bodies or parts > [noun] > eye eye1601 ocellus1819 stemma1826 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 504 A kind of auxiliary eyes with which a large portion of them [sc. insects] are gifted. These Linné, from his regarding them as a kind of coronet, called Stemmata. 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 505 [Swammerdam] ascertained that the stemmata, as well as the compound eyes, were organs of vision. c1865 J. Wylde Circle of Sci. II. 34/1 Similar to the stemmata of some worms are what are called the simple eyes of insects. 1880 F. P. Pascoe Zool. Classif. (ed. 2) 285 Ocelli or stemmata, simple or supplementary eyes in insects and spiders. 1892 A. B. Griffiths Physiol. Invertebr. 355 In the Myriapoda..each stemma has its retinal elements..so disposed..that [etc.]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1826
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