additionn.

Brit.

/əˈdɪʃn/, U.S.

/əˈdɪʃən/

Forms: Middle English addissyoun, Middle English addycyoun, Middle English–1500s addicioun, Middle English–1500s addycion, Middle English–1500s addycyon, Middle English–1600s addicion, Middle English– addition, 1600s adison, 1600s–1700s adition; Scottish pre-1700 addissioun, pre-1700 additioun, pre-1700 additioune, pre-1700 1700s additione, pre-1700 1700s– addition.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French addition; Latin additiōn-, additiō.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman addicioun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French addition, addicion, adition (French addition ) a thing added to another (c1275 in Old French), descriptive element or title added to a name (a1293 or earlier), (in mathematics) the action or process of adding numbers (second half of the 14th cent. or earlier) and its etymon classical Latin additiōn-, additiō act of adding, in post-classical Latin also appurtenance, thing added (7th cent.; from late 13th cent. in British sources), title or description (appended to name) (1494 in a British source) < addit- , past participial stem of addere add v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Catalan addició (1392), Spanish adición (1391), Portuguese adição (15th cent.), Italian addizione (a1308); also Dutch additie (16th cent.) and (only in mathematics) German Addition (15th cent.).In sense 6 after post-classical Latin punctum additionis (1517 in the passage translated in quot. 1609 at sense 6).

a. Something which is added or joined to another thing; an appendix, an augmentation; (also) a person who becomes part of a family or other group of people.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > making increased

multiplicationc1390

additionc1400

augmentationa1422

aggrandizing1635

c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 174 (MED) Þe lordes of Engeland wolde haue somme addicions mo in the Chartre of Fraunchises þat þai hade of þe Kyng.

c1422 T. Hoccleve Tale of Jerelaus (Durh.) l. 110 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 143 The Emperour..hath maad me principal Of thempire, and his brothir gouernour..With this addicion, þat he nat shal Wirke, my Conseil and assent vnhad.

?1483 W. Caxton in tr. Caton sig. iij The said book of Cathon with some addicions & auctoritees of holy doctours.

a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 76 Ȝif a man trespas twyes or somwhat ofter in fornicacion, let hym do the forsaide penaunce with this addicion.

1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) iii. 292 Certeyne addycions that are put therto [sc. a hymn].

1570 G. Buchanan Chamæleon in Vernac. Writings (1892) 51 New articles with ane additioun.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings vii. 29 Beneath the lyons and oxen were certaine additions made of thinne worke.

a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1691) Pref. sig. a 2 That Ireland and..other Additions to the Crown, are a Burthen to England.

1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Oct. (1965) I. 279 There are some few heads of Ancient Statues, but several of them defac'd by modern Additions.

1764 J. N. Scott Bailey's Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (new ed.) (title page) Republished with many corrections, additions and literate improvements.

1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice III. xiii. 225 His ease and cheerfulness rendered him a most agreeable addition to their evening party.

1835 A. Steedman Wanderings II. 63 The ‘Meister’ was generally found in the family of the Boor whose circumstances would allow of such an addition to the household.

1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) II. xxvi. 384 Had Sir Isaac enjoyed his usual health, he would no doubt have made greater additions to the Principia.

1880 Scribner's Monthly May 42/2 This addition to the plate springs it up in every part underlaid, so that the surface fairly meets the inking rollers.

1928 E. O'Neill Strange Interlude iii. 95 He even asked me if we were expecting an addition to the family.

1952 G. H. Dury Map Interpr. xi. 102 The additions include new arterial roads and by-passes as well as new streets in expanding towns.

2005 N.Y. Times 25 Sept. (T: Style Mag.) 58/3 (advt.) Exciting new additions to the program include..a hike through the Black River Gorges in Mauritius and a four-wheeling safari along New Zealand's Seal Coast.

b. Scottish. A further discourse on a passage of scripture, made after the exercise (exercise n. 10e). In later use frequently in exercise and addition (see exercise n. 10e). Now historical.

ΚΠ

1598 in T. Mair Narr. & Extracts Rec. Presbytery of Ellon (1898) 18 That the moderator mak the addition in caice of absence of him that is appoyntit.

1611 in G. R. Kinloch Select. Minutes Synod of Fife (1837) 6 Such as failʒie to mak the Exerceis, Additioune, or intreat the Commoune-Head of doctrine.

1648 in G. R. Kinloch Sel. Minutes Presbysteries St. Andrews & Cupar (1837) 38 The doctrine..delyvered by Mr. Robert W. and addition by Mr. J. S.

1709 W. Steuart Coll. & Observ. Church Scotl. 30 The Presbyterial Exercise and Addition; The Exercise gives the Coherence of the Text and Context, the Logical Division, etc. The Addition gives the Doctrinal Propositions or Truths.

1884 C. Rogers Social Life Scotl. II. xi. 89 In 1638 the Presbytery of St. Andrews at their weekly meetings were proceeding through St. John's Gospel with an exercise and addition on every verse.

2005 R. Black Gaelic Otherworld 619 A committee of the Presbytery..allocated the scriptural texts on which the candidates were to base their final homily, lecture, exegesis, ‘exercise and addition’, and popular sermon.

c. U.S. A plot or piece of land added to an existing holding to which it is adjacent; (regional) a piece of land developed as an extension of a town (now chiefly in the names of such districts).

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > part of town or city > [noun] > extension of town or city

addition1721

1636 in H. M. Burt First Cent. Hist. Springfield (1898) I. 159 [A lot with] an adition..of as much marish as makes the wholel twenty fouer acres.

1721 Mass. House of Representatives Jrnl. (1922) III. 12 A Petition..Praying for an Addition of 3700 Acres of Land, to be added to their former Grant.

1786 Maryland Jrnl. 6 Jan. (advt.) Found, in Howard's new Addition to Baltimore-Town, 127 panes of glass.

1870 24th Ann. Rep. Ohio State Board Agric. 1869 243 On the new eighteen-acre addition [to the fairgrounds], a half-mile track has been constructed.

1909 H. A. Burrell Hist. Washington County Iowa I. xvii. 437 As the burg grew these [claims] were platted, that is, they crumbled into the ‘city’..and reappeared as additions.

1941 Morgantown (W. Va.) Post 18 Mar. 10/3 The Guardian Investment Company deeded a lot in Norwood Addition, Town of Sabraton, to Vinnie Sanders.

1993 G. Boge & M. H. Boge Paving over Past iii. 51 President Bush..signed legislation authorizing a 1,900-acre addition to the military park.

2005 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Jrnl. (Nexis) 10 Apr. (Special section) 23 Highland Addition, a development of eastern-style homes above the floodplain on the town's eastern edge, had in effect become its first master-planned suburb.

d. A wing, room, etc., added as an extension of an existing building.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > additional or separate part

penthousea1400

wing1523

member1601

annexation1611

additionc1638

adject1784

annexe1829

extension1852

out-quarter1888

c1638 in Harvard College Rec. (1925) I. 172 Ffor unloading the Timber prepard for y^e Addition: [£]3. 10[s.].

1739 Gentleman & Citizen's Almanack 63/2 The trustees are now building a considerable Addition..which will hold 24 Beds, and Conveniency for Bathing and Sweating.

1839 Times 18 Jan. 6/5 It was also necessary to build an addition to this house.

1887 M. E. Wilkins Humble Romance 120 Hiram Arms never ought to have put on them additions.

1978 Lancs. Life July 37/3 Instead of being tied-in to the building next-door this 19th century addition was simply slapped-up alongside it.

2004 Miami Herald (Nexis) 11 Feb. 1 b The exemptions will not apply to existing mother-in-law additions, just new construction.

a. The process of adding two or more numbers, amounts, etc., to find their sum; an instance of this.Traditionally presented as the first rule of arithmetic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > summing or addition

addition?c1425

conference1610

casting1743

tot1755

summation1781

totting1823

totalization1888

?c1425 Crafte Nombrynge in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 8 (MED) Addicion is a castyng togedur of twoo nomburys into one nombre..And loke allgate þat þou beynnne to worch in þis Craft of Addicion in þe ryȝt side.

c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 34 (MED) Of this art bene 9 spices, that is forto sey, numeracioun, addicioun, Subtraccioun..Multiplicacioun, Dyvysioun..And of Rootes the extraccioun.

?c1450 (a1388) tr. Richard of Wallingford Exafrenon (Digby) f. 7 (MED) Þe which I adde vnto þe ascension..and aftire þat addition, I haue 298 grees and 58 mynutes.

1543 R. Record Ground of Artes i. sig. C Addition is the reduction and bryngynge of two summes or more into one.

1612 W. Colson Gen. Treasury B bb j/1 The Rule of Two Rationall..is of two sorts,..Addition..Substraction.

1668 tr. J. H. Rahn Introd. Algebra 3 The Sign for Addition is + i.e. Plus, more.

1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. 279 Algebraic Signs for Addition, Subtraction, Indexes, Coefficients.

1858 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 16 Apr. 346/1 An improved machine for performing the addition of numbers, quantities, or sums of money, to be termed the ‘arithmometer’.

1872 J. Hamblin Smith Elem. Algebra 2 The process of addition in Arithmetic can be presented in a shorter form by the use of the sign +.

1914 E. Oberg Arithm. Simplified (‘Machinery’ Ref. Bk. No. 137) i. 4 When we add 3 and 6, we get 9 as the sum of these two numbers, and we have performed a simple example of addition.

1948 R. Stout And be Villain i. 3 For the third time I went over the final additions and subtractions on..Form 1040, to make good and sure.

1981 E. Jolley Newspaper Claremont St. (1987) i. 8 She was not very quick at arithmetic and it took a little time to do the addition.

1999 I. B. Cohen & G. W. Welch Makin' Numbers iv. 231 How..to find the reciprocal of a number using only addition and multiplication.

2006 M. Ronan Symmetry & Monster vii. 80 The twelve numbers on a clock face form a system that is self-contained in terms of addition and subtraction.

b. Mathematics. The action or process of combining matrices, vectors, or other non-scalar entities in order to obtain their sum or resultant.logical addition: see the first element.

ΚΠ

1846 W. R. Hamilton in Cambr. & Dublin Math. Jrnl. 1 143 (heading) Addition and subtraction of vectors by their indices.

1859 Proc. Royal Soc. 9 100 The law of the addition of matrices is precisely similar to that for the addition of ordinary algebraical quantities.

1881 A. S. Hardy Elem. Quaternions i. 3 The operation of vector addition is commutative.

1910 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 32 193 The value of v here used is obtainable from the former by addition of the vector.

1937 Math. Gaz. 21 286 Methods of defining relative velocity..must boil down to V_AB + V_BC = V_AC, the addition being, of course, a vector addition.

2004 W. M. Kelley Compl. Idiot's Guide Algebra ix. 115 Matrix multiplication does not work like matrix addition and subtraction.

3. gen.

a. The action, process, or fact of adding something to something else; the joining of one thing to another so as to increase it or alter it in some way.

ΚΠ

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 6 Addycyon, or puttynge to for encrese, addicio.

1533 T. Elyot Of Knowl. Wise Man v. f. 94 Consider also on the other parte, that my comming into Sicile, was nat to serue kinge Dionise, or to receyue by hym any commoditie, but onely to augmente wisedome by addition of knowledge.

a1550 Compl. Lover's Life 201 Without addicioun Or disencrese, eyther more or lesse.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) ii. ii. 131 And take vnmingled thence that drop againe Without addition or diminishing.

1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. iv. 74 The addition or subtraction of some parts would make but an insensible difference.

1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. iv. 256 The addition of such a load to their former burdens, drove them to despair.

1790 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 80 372 A thick white turbid liquor, which was rendered clear by addition of unimpregnated oil of vitriol.

1846 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters II. 193 How far it would be possible to advantage a statue by the addition of colour, I venture not to affirm.

1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 13 The addition of a new fact to a farmer's mind often increases the amount of his harvest more than the addition of acres to his estate.

1906 H. J. H. Fenton Notes Qualitative Anal. (new ed.) 128 If this is poured into water a red colour is obtained which turns blue or green on addition of alkali.

1960 Vogue Pattern Bk. No. 4. 51 The addition of demure puffed sleeves makes it the scene-stealer of more sedate occasions.

2004 H. Blumenthal Family Food 118 The butternut squash soup..will be lifted immensely with the addition of very finely grated raw butternut.

b. in addition: as an extra or additional thing (to something else); furthermore, besides.

ΚΠ

a1631 J. Donne Lett. (1651) 293 I adventure to desire to speake with him, which I beseech you to advance, in addition to your many favours and benefits to me.

a1704 J. Gadbury Nauticum Astrologicum (1710) 1 It would be highly advantageous could we..ascertain—in addition to the pressure, temperature, and hygrometric state of air—the rapidity of evaporation, range, and intensity of solar radiation.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. x. 78 He [sc. Pallas] maintained, that in addition to these primordial mountains, there were others of a more recent origin.

1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 356 In addition to his other vocations, he was the singing-master of the neighbourhood.

1856 J. M. Mackie Life of Schamyl vi. 27 In addition to the show of red-coats and cocked hats there will be cakes, pop-beer, tumbling, and monkeys.

1936 J. J. Thomson Recoll. & Refl. i. 142 The number of research students steadily increased, and in addition many distinguished physicists came from abroad.

1976 Eastern Daily Press (Norwich) 19 Nov. 21/4 The proposed new charges..will be in addition to, and completely separate from, the rod licence charge.

2003 New Scientist 29 Nov. 69/1 (advt.) In addition, the successful candidate will be an excellent educator, and be responsible for the co-ordination and further development of the Department's teaching programs.

4. Something added to the name of a person or (occasionally) thing as an indication of rank, occupation, achievement, etc.; a title, a form of address. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] > nickname or additional name

to-namec950

eke-name1303

surnamec1330

bynamec1374

nickname1440

addition1472

epitheton1570

by-term1579

epithet1579

agnomination1590

adjunct1598

apathaton1598

byword1598

nurse-name1605

familiar name1611

suradditiona1616

sobriquet1646

agname1652

last name1695

agnomen1809

cognomen1811

soubriquet1818

nickery1823

handle1838

cognomination1843

moniker1851

eponym1863

adname1890

tag1961

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > [noun]

nameeOE

dignityc1290

titlea1398

stylea1400

addition1472

a handle to one's name1822

1472–3 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 1st Roll §38. m. 17 And that every writte..namyng and callyng theym by such names as they been named in this present bille..be as sufficiaunt and effectuell as if they were named by name of baptisme, surnon and addition.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxix. f. xxv He had an addycyon put to his name and was called for his great myght and power Constantyne the great.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. Pref. 2 I haue not gyuen euery lorde, knyght, or squyer his true addycion.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 128 Onely we still retaine The name and all the additions to a King.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. i. 103 Iag... How doe you now Leiutenant? Cas. The worser, that you giue me the addition .

1726 W. Penn Wks. I. 503 To set down the Names of those Justices who were present, with all their Additions and Titles.

1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 196 Naming all the Grand Jury-mens Names without their Additions.

1802 Hull Advertiser 13 Nov. 4/3 A List of Certificates issued..pursuant to the Acts of Parliament granting a Duty on such Certificates. Names. Addition. Places of Abode.

1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon 166/2 The number and names of the several parties, with their additions and titles.

1936 R. W. Chapman Names, Designations & Appellations 262 The Lord President of the Council and the Financial Secretary to the Treasury are not often so named; one hardly remembers who are the owners of those additions.

1966 Times 5 Feb. 9/6 In the old days it [sc. Gaziantep] was Aintab, which became Antep in modern Turkish, and was given the honourable addition ‘Gazi’ for its heroic resistance to the French invasion of southern Turkey in 1921.

2000 H. Kim Knight without Sword iv. 113 The Statute of Additions of 1413 stipulated that ‘in original writs and indictments names of defendants should be followed by “additions of their estate or degree”’.

5. Heraldry. A device added to a coat of arms as a mark of honour; opposed to abatement or diminution; (also) the action, process, or fact of adding such a device.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > addition or mark of honour

addition1572

augmentation1610

1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 124 The token borne in the fielde, is the Ploughe, the chiefest addicion that may be geeuen to ennoblish the husbandman.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iv. vii. 25 I came to kill thee cozen, and beare hence, A great addition earned in thy death.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iv. 141 In memory of S^r William Wallworths valour, the Armes of London, formerly a plain Cross, were augmented with the addition of a Dagger, to make the coat in all points compleat.

1715 Proper Memorial for 29th May 54 Colonel Careless, for his Fidelity, had his Name chang'd into Carlos, and an honourable Addition made to his Coat of Arms.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. The arms of a kingdom have been sometimes given, by way of Addition, to a private subject.

1817 Edinb. Monthly Mag. July 349/2 Sir Allan Stewart of Daldowie..obtained, on account of his valour in 1385..the rank of knight banneret, together with the honourable addition of the lion-passant, or English lion, to his paternal coat armorial.

1863 W. Anderson Sc. Nation III. 523/1 For his fidelity he obtained an addition to his arms, consisting in a hand supporting a crown.

1934 F. A. Kirkpatrick Spanish Conquistadores x. 131 The addition to his coat of arms, twelve cloves, three nutmegs, two bars of cinnamon..indicates that the Emperor..believed..the Spice Trade to have been secured for Spain.

2005 K. Terry Terrys of Cork 1600–2000 xiii. 185 The King in 1747 granted that the following addition to his coat of arms; two lions rampant, each holding a standard.

6. Music. point (also note, prick) of addition: a dot placed immediately after a note to make the note half as long again (see dot n.¹ 6). Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > notation > [noun] > character in notation > note > dot added to note

point (also note, prick) of addition1597

prick (also dot, point) of perfection1658

1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke Annot. sig. * The pricke of Addition they define, that which being set after a sembriefe in the more prolation, if a minime follow, it causeth the semibriefe to be three white minimes.

1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus ii. x. 52 Tenor point of Addition [L. puncti additionis].

1658 J. Playford Breif Introd. Skill Musick (new ed.) i. 23 This Prick of Addition is placed on the right side of the Note,..for the prolonging the sound of that Note it follows to half as much more.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) A note of Addition amounts to the same, with what is by some old English authors, called prick of perfection.

1778 J. Thomson Rudim. of Music iii. 14 A Point of addition is a little Dote always set after any Note, and signifies that the Note after which it is placed, must be held half as long again as it was before.

1880 F. Taylor in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 456/2 The ‘point of addition’ was identical with our modern dot.

1955 Revue Belge de Musicologie 9 137 The spacing of the notes and the underlaying of the text often suggest the rhythm used by Gennrich, but this method of transcription falsifies a notation that does not yet employ the point of addition.

1994 J. Kmetz Music in German Renaissance iii. xii. 230 Many of the compositions..contain ligatures and points of addition, and yet Piperinus did not provide a written explanation of these notational devices.

7. Chemistry. The combination of one molecule with another to form a larger molecule with no other products. Cf. additive adj. 2.

ΚΠ

1857 Proc. Royal Soc. 9 714 Formic acid we can conceive to be formed by the addition of the molecule carbonyle to the type water.

1890 Cent. Dict. Monobromated, containing one bromine atom: used only of organic compounds in which one atom of bromine has been introduced into each molecule by substitution or addition.

1935 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 1671 Other reactions of iodoso-compounds point to the vulnerability of their I–O link to addition.

1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. ii. 19 Addition and elimination constitute the same reaction occurring in opposite directions.

1984 E. P. DeGarmo et al. Materials & Processes in Manuf. (ed. 6) ix. 201 Polymerization of large molecules takes place by either addition or condensation.

2005 A. Winter Org. Chem. I for Dummies viii. 157 When addition occurs on the most substituted carbon..the product is called the Markovnikov product.

Compounds

C1. Chemistry. General attributive in sense 7, as addition compound, addition product, addition reaction, etc.

ΚΠ

1873 Chem. News 24 Jan. 46/2 This essay treats on the formula of pentabrom-resorcin, and on the question whether the body is, or is not, an addition product.

1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. ii. xxiii. 275 Chlorine forms two types of derivatives, namely, (a) Addition-compounds..(b) Substitution derivatives.

1953 R. J. W. Reynolds in R. Hill Fibres from Synthetic Polymers v. 98 Other addition reactions which can give rise to linear polymers are those involving the polymerisation of..diazomethane or diazoalkanes.

1977 J. March Adv. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) iii. 80 They are called picrates, though they are not salts of picric acid but addition compounds.

1993 Dyes & Pigments 21 83 Solutions of the addition products..were kept at 140°C for 3–4 h.

2000 W. Cabri & R. Di Fabio From Bench to Market iv. 74 The addition reaction gave a 1:1 mixture of the wrong methoxy derivatives in 60% yield.

C2.

addition agent n. Manufacturing Technology (in electrodeposition) a substance which is added to an electrolyte, typically in small quantities, in order to modify the quality of the deposit, but which does not itself take part in the main electrochemical reaction; cf. brightener n. 1

ΚΠ

1909 School of Mines Q. Jan. 128 The cause of the formation of..lead, copper and silver from their respective electrolytes, when gelatine is the ‘addition agent’, remains to be proven.

1927 Motor Cycling 7 Dec. 104/2 This solution..contains..various other materials known as ‘addition agents’ either to start the plate or to improve the ‘throwing power’ of the bath.

2003 C. A. Harper Electronic Materials & Processes Handbk. (ed. 3) vi. 9 The use of proprietary addition agents, along with various DC wave forms,..combine to produce copper surface smoothness that is better than that of the substrate.

addition–elimination adj. and n. Chemistry (a) adj. relating to both addition and elimination; cf. 7, elimination n. 6; (rare); (b) n. an addition reaction followed by the elimination of a small species such as water from the product; an instance of this; cf. condensation n. 6; frequently attributive.

ΚΠ

1908 Amer. Chem. Jrnl. 39 17 The application of the addition-elimination principle to the classification of stereomeric substances.

1954 Science 21 May 712/2 A process of addition-elimination of chromic acid to the double bond.

1984 S. J. Benkovic & R. A. Lazarus in M. I. Page Chem. Enzyme Action x. 377 Statement 1 opposes the anticipated addition–elimination of H₂O from the seryl–pyridoxal phosphate complex.

1987 J. J. Zuckerman & A. D. Norman Reactions catalyzed by Inorg. Compounds 221 The appearance of the formyl group on a carbon atom..arises because of successive 1,2-addition–eliminations, which move the cobalt down the chain.

2009 W. H. Brown et al. Org. Chem. (ed. 5) xxii. 861 This reaction..proceeds by an addition-elimination mechanism rather than by direct substitution.

addition formula n. Mathematics an equation in which one quantity is expressed in terms of a sum of other quantities; spec. any of several standard formulae which express a trigonometrical function of a sum or a difference of angles as a sum or difference of products of similar functions of the individual angles.An example of a trigonometrical addition formula is sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B.

ΚΠ

1879 Proc. Royal Soc. 29 6 Q_i is the biaxal harmonic of the ith degree,..which may therefore be expressed in the usual way, according to Laplace's addition formula.

1931 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 17 564 An interesting addition formula for the function h₀(x) is obtained by making use of the series e^{−y coth a} = k₀(y) − k₂(y)e^−2z + k₄(y)e^−4z − [etc.].

1942 Amer. Math. Monthly 49 326 Cauchy's derivation of the addition formulas in trigonometry..is general and shorter than the standard proof given in most texts.

1999 I. M. Gelfand & M. Saul Trigonometry (2001) vi.136 Ptolemy's theorem implies Ptolemy's identity, which implies the addition formula for sines.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	addition
释义	additionn. Brit. /əˈdɪʃn/, U.S. /əˈdɪʃən/ Forms: Middle English addissyoun, Middle English addycyoun, Middle English–1500s addicioun, Middle English–1500s addycion, Middle English–1500s addycyon, Middle English–1600s addicion, Middle English– addition, 1600s adison, 1600s–1700s adition; Scottish pre-1700 addissioun, pre-1700 additioun, pre-1700 additioune, pre-1700 1700s additione, pre-1700 1700s– addition. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French addition; Latin additiōn-, additiō. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman addicioun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French addition, addicion, adition (French addition ) a thing added to another (c1275 in Old French), descriptive element or title added to a name (a1293 or earlier), (in mathematics) the action or process of adding numbers (second half of the 14th cent. or earlier) and its etymon classical Latin additiōn-, additiō act of adding, in post-classical Latin also appurtenance, thing added (7th cent.; from late 13th cent. in British sources), title or description (appended to name) (1494 in a British source) < addit- , past participial stem of addere add v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Catalan addició (1392), Spanish adición (1391), Portuguese adição (15th cent.), Italian addizione (a1308); also Dutch additie (16th cent.) and (only in mathematics) German Addition (15th cent.).In sense 6 after post-classical Latin punctum additionis (1517 in the passage translated in quot. 1609 at sense 6). 1. a. Something which is added or joined to another thing; an appendix, an augmentation; (also) a person who becomes part of a family or other group of people. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > making increased multiplicationc1390 additionc1400 augmentationa1422 aggrandizing1635 c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 174 (MED) Þe lordes of Engeland wolde haue somme addicions mo in the Chartre of Fraunchises þat þai hade of þe Kyng. c1422 T. Hoccleve Tale of Jerelaus (Durh.) l. 110 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 143 The Emperour..hath maad me principal Of thempire, and his brothir gouernour..With this addicion, þat he nat shal Wirke, my Conseil and assent vnhad. ?1483 W. Caxton in tr. Caton sig. iij The said book of Cathon with some addicions & auctoritees of holy doctours. a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 76 Ȝif a man trespas twyes or somwhat ofter in fornicacion, let hym do the forsaide penaunce with this addicion. 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) iii. 292 Certeyne addycions that are put therto [sc. a hymn]. 1570 G. Buchanan Chamæleon in Vernac. Writings (1892) 51 New articles with ane additioun. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings vii. 29 Beneath the lyons and oxen were certaine additions made of thinne worke. View more context for this quotation a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1691) Pref. sig. a 2 That Ireland and..other Additions to the Crown, are a Burthen to England. 1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Oct. (1965) I. 279 There are some few heads of Ancient Statues, but several of them defac'd by modern Additions. 1764 J. N. Scott Bailey's Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (new ed.) (title page) Republished with many corrections, additions and literate improvements. 1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice III. xiii. 225 His ease and cheerfulness rendered him a most agreeable addition to their evening party. View more context for this quotation 1835 A. Steedman Wanderings II. 63 The ‘Meister’ was generally found in the family of the Boor whose circumstances would allow of such an addition to the household. 1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) II. xxvi. 384 Had Sir Isaac enjoyed his usual health, he would no doubt have made greater additions to the Principia. 1880 Scribner's Monthly May 42/2 This addition to the plate springs it up in every part underlaid, so that the surface fairly meets the inking rollers. 1928 E. O'Neill Strange Interlude iii. 95 He even asked me if we were expecting an addition to the family. 1952 G. H. Dury Map Interpr. xi. 102 The additions include new arterial roads and by-passes as well as new streets in expanding towns. 2005 N.Y. Times 25 Sept. (T: Style Mag.) 58/3 (advt.) Exciting new additions to the program include..a hike through the Black River Gorges in Mauritius and a four-wheeling safari along New Zealand's Seal Coast. b. Scottish. A further discourse on a passage of scripture, made after the exercise (exercise n. 10e). In later use frequently in exercise and addition (see exercise n. 10e). Now historical. ΚΠ 1598 in T. Mair Narr. & Extracts Rec. Presbytery of Ellon (1898) 18 That the moderator mak the addition in caice of absence of him that is appoyntit. 1611 in G. R. Kinloch Select. Minutes Synod of Fife (1837) 6 Such as failʒie to mak the Exerceis, Additioune, or intreat the Commoune-Head of doctrine. 1648 in G. R. Kinloch Sel. Minutes Presbysteries St. Andrews & Cupar (1837) 38 The doctrine..delyvered by Mr. Robert W. and addition by Mr. J. S. 1709 W. Steuart Coll. & Observ. Church Scotl. 30 The Presbyterial Exercise and Addition; The Exercise gives the Coherence of the Text and Context, the Logical Division, etc. The Addition gives the Doctrinal Propositions or Truths. 1884 C. Rogers Social Life Scotl. II. xi. 89 In 1638 the Presbytery of St. Andrews at their weekly meetings were proceeding through St. John's Gospel with an exercise and addition on every verse. 2005 R. Black Gaelic Otherworld 619 A committee of the Presbytery..allocated the scriptural texts on which the candidates were to base their final homily, lecture, exegesis, ‘exercise and addition’, and popular sermon. c. U.S. A plot or piece of land added to an existing holding to which it is adjacent; (regional) a piece of land developed as an extension of a town (now chiefly in the names of such districts). ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > part of town or city > [noun] > extension of town or city addition1721 1636 in H. M. Burt First Cent. Hist. Springfield (1898) I. 159 [A lot with] an adition..of as much marish as makes the wholel twenty fouer acres. 1721 Mass. House of Representatives Jrnl. (1922) III. 12 A Petition..Praying for an Addition of 3700 Acres of Land, to be added to their former Grant. 1786 Maryland Jrnl. 6 Jan. (advt.) Found, in Howard's new Addition to Baltimore-Town, 127 panes of glass. 1870 24th Ann. Rep. Ohio State Board Agric. 1869 243 On the new eighteen-acre addition [to the fairgrounds], a half-mile track has been constructed. 1909 H. A. Burrell Hist. Washington County Iowa I. xvii. 437 As the burg grew these [claims] were platted, that is, they crumbled into the ‘city’..and reappeared as additions. 1941 Morgantown (W. Va.) Post 18 Mar. 10/3 The Guardian Investment Company deeded a lot in Norwood Addition, Town of Sabraton, to Vinnie Sanders. 1993 G. Boge & M. H. Boge Paving over Past iii. 51 President Bush..signed legislation authorizing a 1,900-acre addition to the military park. 2005 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Jrnl. (Nexis) 10 Apr. (Special section) 23 Highland Addition, a development of eastern-style homes above the floodplain on the town's eastern edge, had in effect become its first master-planned suburb. d. A wing, room, etc., added as an extension of an existing building. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > additional or separate part penthousea1400 wing1523 member1601 annexation1611 additionc1638 adject1784 annexe1829 extension1852 out-quarter1888 c1638 in Harvard College Rec. (1925) I. 172 Ffor unloading the Timber prepard for y^e Addition: [£]3. 10[s.]. 1739 Gentleman & Citizen's Almanack 63/2 The trustees are now building a considerable Addition..which will hold 24 Beds, and Conveniency for Bathing and Sweating. 1839 Times 18 Jan. 6/5 It was also necessary to build an addition to this house. 1887 M. E. Wilkins Humble Romance 120 Hiram Arms never ought to have put on them additions. 1978 Lancs. Life July 37/3 Instead of being tied-in to the building next-door this 19th century addition was simply slapped-up alongside it. 2004 Miami Herald (Nexis) 11 Feb. 1 b The exemptions will not apply to existing mother-in-law additions, just new construction. 2. a. The process of adding two or more numbers, amounts, etc., to find their sum; an instance of this.Traditionally presented as the first rule of arithmetic. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > summing or addition addition?c1425 conference1610 casting1743 tot1755 summation1781 totting1823 totalization1888 ?c1425 Crafte Nombrynge in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 8 (MED) Addicion is a castyng togedur of twoo nomburys into one nombre..And loke allgate þat þou beynnne to worch in þis Craft of Addicion in þe ryȝt side. c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 34 (MED) Of this art bene 9 spices, that is forto sey, numeracioun, addicioun, Subtraccioun..Multiplicacioun, Dyvysioun..And of Rootes the extraccioun. ?c1450 (a1388) tr. Richard of Wallingford Exafrenon (Digby) f. 7 (MED) Þe which I adde vnto þe ascension..and aftire þat addition, I haue 298 grees and 58 mynutes. 1543 R. Record Ground of Artes i. sig. C Addition is the reduction and bryngynge of two summes or more into one. 1612 W. Colson Gen. Treasury B bb j/1 The Rule of Two Rationall..is of two sorts,..Addition..Substraction. 1668 tr. J. H. Rahn Introd. Algebra 3 The Sign for Addition is + i.e. Plus, more. 1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. 279 Algebraic Signs for Addition, Subtraction, Indexes, Coefficients. 1858 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 16 Apr. 346/1 An improved machine for performing the addition of numbers, quantities, or sums of money, to be termed the ‘arithmometer’. 1872 J. Hamblin Smith Elem. Algebra 2 The process of addition in Arithmetic can be presented in a shorter form by the use of the sign +. 1914 E. Oberg Arithm. Simplified (‘Machinery’ Ref. Bk. No. 137) i. 4 When we add 3 and 6, we get 9 as the sum of these two numbers, and we have performed a simple example of addition. 1948 R. Stout And be Villain i. 3 For the third time I went over the final additions and subtractions on..Form 1040, to make good and sure. 1981 E. Jolley Newspaper Claremont St. (1987) i. 8 She was not very quick at arithmetic and it took a little time to do the addition. 1999 I. B. Cohen & G. W. Welch Makin' Numbers iv. 231 How..to find the reciprocal of a number using only addition and multiplication. 2006 M. Ronan Symmetry & Monster vii. 80 The twelve numbers on a clock face form a system that is self-contained in terms of addition and subtraction. b. Mathematics. The action or process of combining matrices, vectors, or other non-scalar entities in order to obtain their sum or resultant.logical addition: see the first element. ΚΠ 1846 W. R. Hamilton in Cambr. & Dublin Math. Jrnl. 1 143 (heading) Addition and subtraction of vectors by their indices. 1859 Proc. Royal Soc. 9 100 The law of the addition of matrices is precisely similar to that for the addition of ordinary algebraical quantities. 1881 A. S. Hardy Elem. Quaternions i. 3 The operation of vector addition is commutative. 1910 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 32 193 The value of v here used is obtainable from the former by addition of the vector. 1937 Math. Gaz. 21 286 Methods of defining relative velocity..must boil down to V_AB + V_BC = V_AC, the addition being, of course, a vector addition. 2004 W. M. Kelley Compl. Idiot's Guide Algebra ix. 115 Matrix multiplication does not work like matrix addition and subtraction. 3. gen. a. The action, process, or fact of adding something to something else; the joining of one thing to another so as to increase it or alter it in some way. ΚΠ Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 6 Addycyon, or puttynge to for encrese, addicio. 1533 T. Elyot Of Knowl. Wise Man v. f. 94 Consider also on the other parte, that my comming into Sicile, was nat to serue kinge Dionise, or to receyue by hym any commoditie, but onely to augmente wisedome by addition of knowledge. a1550 Compl. Lover's Life 201 Without addicioun Or disencrese, eyther more or lesse. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) ii. ii. 131 And take vnmingled thence that drop againe Without addition or diminishing. View more context for this quotation 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. iv. 74 The addition or subtraction of some parts would make but an insensible difference. 1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. iv. 256 The addition of such a load to their former burdens, drove them to despair. 1790 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 80 372 A thick white turbid liquor, which was rendered clear by addition of unimpregnated oil of vitriol. 1846 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters II. 193 How far it would be possible to advantage a statue by the addition of colour, I venture not to affirm. 1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 13 The addition of a new fact to a farmer's mind often increases the amount of his harvest more than the addition of acres to his estate. 1906 H. J. H. Fenton Notes Qualitative Anal. (new ed.) 128 If this is poured into water a red colour is obtained which turns blue or green on addition of alkali. 1960 Vogue Pattern Bk. No. 4. 51 The addition of demure puffed sleeves makes it the scene-stealer of more sedate occasions. 2004 H. Blumenthal Family Food 118 The butternut squash soup..will be lifted immensely with the addition of very finely grated raw butternut. b. in addition: as an extra or additional thing (to something else); furthermore, besides. ΚΠ a1631 J. Donne Lett. (1651) 293 I adventure to desire to speake with him, which I beseech you to advance, in addition to your many favours and benefits to me. a1704 J. Gadbury Nauticum Astrologicum (1710) 1 It would be highly advantageous could we..ascertain—in addition to the pressure, temperature, and hygrometric state of air—the rapidity of evaporation, range, and intensity of solar radiation. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. x. 78 He [sc. Pallas] maintained, that in addition to these primordial mountains, there were others of a more recent origin. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 356 In addition to his other vocations, he was the singing-master of the neighbourhood. 1856 J. M. Mackie Life of Schamyl vi. 27 In addition to the show of red-coats and cocked hats there will be cakes, pop-beer, tumbling, and monkeys. 1936 J. J. Thomson Recoll. & Refl. i. 142 The number of research students steadily increased, and in addition many distinguished physicists came from abroad. 1976 Eastern Daily Press (Norwich) 19 Nov. 21/4 The proposed new charges..will be in addition to, and completely separate from, the rod licence charge. 2003 New Scientist 29 Nov. 69/1 (advt.) In addition, the successful candidate will be an excellent educator, and be responsible for the co-ordination and further development of the Department's teaching programs. 4. Something added to the name of a person or (occasionally) thing as an indication of rank, occupation, achievement, etc.; a title, a form of address. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] > nickname or additional name to-namec950 eke-name1303 surnamec1330 bynamec1374 nickname1440 addition1472 epitheton1570 by-term1579 epithet1579 agnomination1590 adjunct1598 apathaton1598 byword1598 nurse-name1605 familiar name1611 suradditiona1616 sobriquet1646 agname1652 last name1695 agnomen1809 cognomen1811 soubriquet1818 nickery1823 handle1838 cognomination1843 moniker1851 eponym1863 adname1890 tag1961 society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > [noun] nameeOE dignityc1290 titlea1398 stylea1400 addition1472 a handle to one's name1822 1472–3 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 1st Roll §38. m. 17 And that every writte..namyng and callyng theym by such names as they been named in this present bille..be as sufficiaunt and effectuell as if they were named by name of baptisme, surnon and addition. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxix. f. xxv He had an addycyon put to his name and was called for his great myght and power Constantyne the great. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. Pref. 2 I haue not gyuen euery lorde, knyght, or squyer his true addycion. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 128 Onely we still retaine The name and all the additions to a King. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. i. 103 Iag... How doe you now Leiutenant? Cas. The worser, that you giue me the addition . View more context for this quotation 1726 W. Penn Wks. I. 503 To set down the Names of those Justices who were present, with all their Additions and Titles. 1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 196 Naming all the Grand Jury-mens Names without their Additions. 1802 Hull Advertiser 13 Nov. 4/3 A List of Certificates issued..pursuant to the Acts of Parliament granting a Duty on such Certificates. Names. Addition. Places of Abode. 1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon 166/2 The number and names of the several parties, with their additions and titles. 1936 R. W. Chapman Names, Designations & Appellations 262 The Lord President of the Council and the Financial Secretary to the Treasury are not often so named; one hardly remembers who are the owners of those additions. 1966 Times 5 Feb. 9/6 In the old days it [sc. Gaziantep] was Aintab, which became Antep in modern Turkish, and was given the honourable addition ‘Gazi’ for its heroic resistance to the French invasion of southern Turkey in 1921. 2000 H. Kim Knight without Sword iv. 113 The Statute of Additions of 1413 stipulated that ‘in original writs and indictments names of defendants should be followed by “additions of their estate or degree”’. 5. Heraldry. A device added to a coat of arms as a mark of honour; opposed to abatement or diminution; (also) the action, process, or fact of adding such a device. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > addition or mark of honour addition1572 augmentation1610 1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 124 The token borne in the fielde, is the Ploughe, the chiefest addicion that may be geeuen to ennoblish the husbandman. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iv. vii. 25 I came to kill thee cozen, and beare hence, A great addition earned in thy death. View more context for this quotation 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iv. 141 In memory of S^r William Wallworths valour, the Armes of London, formerly a plain Cross, were augmented with the addition of a Dagger, to make the coat in all points compleat. 1715 Proper Memorial for 29th May 54 Colonel Careless, for his Fidelity, had his Name chang'd into Carlos, and an honourable Addition made to his Coat of Arms. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. The arms of a kingdom have been sometimes given, by way of Addition, to a private subject. 1817 Edinb. Monthly Mag. July 349/2 Sir Allan Stewart of Daldowie..obtained, on account of his valour in 1385..the rank of knight banneret, together with the honourable addition of the lion-passant, or English lion, to his paternal coat armorial. 1863 W. Anderson Sc. Nation III. 523/1 For his fidelity he obtained an addition to his arms, consisting in a hand supporting a crown. 1934 F. A. Kirkpatrick Spanish Conquistadores x. 131 The addition to his coat of arms, twelve cloves, three nutmegs, two bars of cinnamon..indicates that the Emperor..believed..the Spice Trade to have been secured for Spain. 2005 K. Terry Terrys of Cork 1600–2000 xiii. 185 The King in 1747 granted that the following addition to his coat of arms; two lions rampant, each holding a standard. 6. Music. point (also note, prick) of addition: a dot placed immediately after a note to make the note half as long again (see dot n.¹ 6). Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > notation > [noun] > character in notation > note > dot added to note point (also note, prick) of addition1597 prick (also dot, point) of perfection1658 1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke Annot. sig. * The pricke of Addition they define, that which being set after a sembriefe in the more prolation, if a minime follow, it causeth the semibriefe to be three white minimes. 1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus ii. x. 52 Tenor point of Addition [L. puncti additionis]. 1658 J. Playford Breif Introd. Skill Musick (new ed.) i. 23 This Prick of Addition is placed on the right side of the Note,..for the prolonging the sound of that Note it follows to half as much more. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) A note of Addition amounts to the same, with what is by some old English authors, called prick of perfection. 1778 J. Thomson Rudim. of Music iii. 14 A Point of addition is a little Dote always set after any Note, and signifies that the Note after which it is placed, must be held half as long again as it was before. 1880 F. Taylor in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 456/2 The ‘point of addition’ was identical with our modern dot. 1955 Revue Belge de Musicologie 9 137 The spacing of the notes and the underlaying of the text often suggest the rhythm used by Gennrich, but this method of transcription falsifies a notation that does not yet employ the point of addition. 1994 J. Kmetz Music in German Renaissance iii. xii. 230 Many of the compositions..contain ligatures and points of addition, and yet Piperinus did not provide a written explanation of these notational devices. 7. Chemistry. The combination of one molecule with another to form a larger molecule with no other products. Cf. additive adj. 2. ΚΠ 1857 Proc. Royal Soc. 9 714 Formic acid we can conceive to be formed by the addition of the molecule carbonyle to the type water. 1890 Cent. Dict. Monobromated, containing one bromine atom: used only of organic compounds in which one atom of bromine has been introduced into each molecule by substitution or addition. 1935 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 1671 Other reactions of iodoso-compounds point to the vulnerability of their I–O link to addition. 1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. ii. 19 Addition and elimination constitute the same reaction occurring in opposite directions. 1984 E. P. DeGarmo et al. Materials & Processes in Manuf. (ed. 6) ix. 201 Polymerization of large molecules takes place by either addition or condensation. 2005 A. Winter Org. Chem. I for Dummies viii. 157 When addition occurs on the most substituted carbon..the product is called the Markovnikov product. Compounds C1. Chemistry. General attributive in sense 7, as addition compound, addition product, addition reaction, etc. ΚΠ 1873 Chem. News 24 Jan. 46/2 This essay treats on the formula of pentabrom-resorcin, and on the question whether the body is, or is not, an addition product. 1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. ii. xxiii. 275 Chlorine forms two types of derivatives, namely, (a) Addition-compounds..(b) Substitution derivatives. 1953 R. J. W. Reynolds in R. Hill Fibres from Synthetic Polymers v. 98 Other addition reactions which can give rise to linear polymers are those involving the polymerisation of..diazomethane or diazoalkanes. 1977 J. March Adv. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) iii. 80 They are called picrates, though they are not salts of picric acid but addition compounds. 1993 Dyes & Pigments 21 83 Solutions of the addition products..were kept at 140°C for 3–4 h. 2000 W. Cabri & R. Di Fabio From Bench to Market iv. 74 The addition reaction gave a 1:1 mixture of the wrong methoxy derivatives in 60% yield. C2. addition agent n. Manufacturing Technology (in electrodeposition) a substance which is added to an electrolyte, typically in small quantities, in order to modify the quality of the deposit, but which does not itself take part in the main electrochemical reaction; cf. brightener n. 1 ΚΠ 1909 School of Mines Q. Jan. 128 The cause of the formation of..lead, copper and silver from their respective electrolytes, when gelatine is the ‘addition agent’, remains to be proven. 1927 Motor Cycling 7 Dec. 104/2 This solution..contains..various other materials known as ‘addition agents’ either to start the plate or to improve the ‘throwing power’ of the bath. 2003 C. A. Harper Electronic Materials & Processes Handbk. (ed. 3) vi. 9 The use of proprietary addition agents, along with various DC wave forms,..combine to produce copper surface smoothness that is better than that of the substrate. addition–elimination adj. and n. Chemistry (a) adj. relating to both addition and elimination; cf. 7, elimination n. 6; (rare); (b) n. an addition reaction followed by the elimination of a small species such as water from the product; an instance of this; cf. condensation n. 6; frequently attributive. ΚΠ 1908 Amer. Chem. Jrnl. 39 17 The application of the addition-elimination principle to the classification of stereomeric substances. 1954 Science 21 May 712/2 A process of addition-elimination of chromic acid to the double bond. 1984 S. J. Benkovic & R. A. Lazarus in M. I. Page Chem. Enzyme Action x. 377 Statement 1 opposes the anticipated addition–elimination of H₂O from the seryl–pyridoxal phosphate complex. 1987 J. J. Zuckerman & A. D. Norman Reactions catalyzed by Inorg. Compounds 221 The appearance of the formyl group on a carbon atom..arises because of successive 1,2-addition–eliminations, which move the cobalt down the chain. 2009 W. H. Brown et al. Org. Chem. (ed. 5) xxii. 861 This reaction..proceeds by an addition-elimination mechanism rather than by direct substitution. addition formula n. Mathematics an equation in which one quantity is expressed in terms of a sum of other quantities; spec. any of several standard formulae which express a trigonometrical function of a sum or a difference of angles as a sum or difference of products of similar functions of the individual angles.An example of a trigonometrical addition formula is sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B. ΚΠ 1879 Proc. Royal Soc. 29 6 Q_i is the biaxal harmonic of the ith degree,..which may therefore be expressed in the usual way, according to Laplace's addition formula. 1931 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 17 564 An interesting addition formula for the function h₀(x) is obtained by making use of the series e^{−y coth a} = k₀(y) − k₂(y)e^−2z + k₄(y)e^−4z − [etc.]. 1942 Amer. Math. Monthly 49 326 Cauchy's derivation of the addition formulas in trigonometry..is general and shorter than the standard proof given in most texts. 1999 I. M. Gelfand & M. Saul Trigonometry (2001) vi.136 Ptolemy's theorem implies Ptolemy's identity, which implies the addition formula for sines. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † additionv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: addition n. Etymology: < addition n. Compare Middle French, French additionner to augment by adding something (1549; compare earlier addicionet added (15th cent.)). Obsolete. transitive. To honour or embellish (a person or a person's name) by the addition of another name, title, etc. (see addition n. 4.). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > give additional name to surname1561 surstyle1632 addition1659 1659 T. Fuller Appeal Iniured Innocence ii. 93 A fault not so great neither in an Herauld, seeing I call him not Lord Gray Baron of Whaddon, but of Whaddon; and a noble Person may be additioned either from his Honour or his Habitation. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) York 228 Bale..is pleased to Addition this worthy man, Sewaldus Magnanimus. 1675 W. Cave Antiquitates Apostolicæ 2 in Bp. J. Taylor & W. Cave Antiquitates Christianæ The name given him at his circumcision was Simon or Symeon... This was afterwards by our Saviour not abolished, but additioned with the title of Cephas. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.c1400v.1659
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additionn.

Compounds

† additionv.