stigman.

Brit.

/ˈstɪɡmə/, U.S.

/ˈstɪɡmə/

Forms: Plural stigmata /ˈstɪɡmətə/ or stigmas

/ˈstɪɡməz/. See also stigme n.

Etymology: < Latin stigma, < Greek στίγμα mark made by a pointed instrument, brand, < root *stig- in στίζειν ( < *stigy- ) to prick, puncture: see stick v.¹

1. A mark made upon the skin by burning with a hot iron (rarely, by cutting or pricking), as a token of infamy or subjection; a brand. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > mark of identification > [noun] > mark assumed by or imposed on person > as taken of infamy or subjection

brand1552

stigma1596

1596 J. Harington New Disc. Aiax sig. C2^v Circumcision? impressing a painefull stigma, or caracter in Gods peculiar people.

1645 S. Rutherford Tryal & Trivmph of Faith (1845) 256 When a burning iron is put on the face of a evil-doer, it leaveth behind it a brand, or a stigma.

1778 Sk. Tabernacle Frames 35 His flinty Front my Stigma shou'd retain.

1863 W. H. Russell My Diary North & South I. 246 The advertisements for runaway negroes,..the description of the stigmata on their persons—whippings and brandings, scars and cuts.

1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. ix. xxxi. 30 He was branded..with the stigmata of the Lord Jesus [cf. Gal. vi. 17].

1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors I. i. 2 He..thankfully received his runaway hat,..making light of the muddy stigmas imprinted by the pavement.

a. figurative. A mark of disgrace or infamy; a sign of severe censure or condemnation, regarded as impressed on a person or thing; a ‘brand’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > infamy or notoriety > [noun] > branding with infamy > a brand of infamy

note1531

brand1597

foil1599

stripe1607

stigmaa1620

stigmea1620

mark of Cain1795

a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) i. xvi. §4. 168 They set a stigma, and a note vpon all that impugne it.

a1623 Sir G. Buck Hist. Richard III (1979) (modernized text) ii. 107 All such cruel and barbarous slaughters are now thereof..Bartelmies, simply in a perpetual stigma of that butchery.

1777 Earl of Chatham Speech on Addr. 18 Nov. I..call upon your Lordships..to stamp upon it an indelible stigma of the public abhorrence.

1809 R. K. Porter Travelling Sketches Russia & Sweden II. Index 273 Houghton gallery, purchased by Catherine, and added to the collection at the Hermitage; a stigma on this country.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xiv. 410 Moderate politicians..were unwilling to put a stigma on a man..distinguished both by his abilities and by his amiable qualities.

1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 172 Branded with the stigma of illegitimacy.

b. A distinguishing mark or characteristic (of a bad or objectionable kind); in Pathology a sign of some specific disorder, as hysteria.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > [noun] > of bad kind

stigma1859

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > symptom > [noun] > sign

sign?a1425

physical sign1715

stigma1859

1859 G. A. Sala Twice round Clock (1861) 116 Among a family of blooming girls one who already wears the stigmata of old maidenhood.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 889 The stigmas of a morphinist are plausibility and disorderliness.

1907 W. C. Krauss tr. E. Mendel Psychiatry 84 Stigmata of Degeneration.

1916 A. Bennett These Twain 38 His incorrigible vulgarity of a small manufacturer who displays everywhere the stigmata of petty commerce.

a. plural. Marks resembling the wounds on the crucified body of Christ, said to have been supernaturally impressed on the bodies of certain saints and other devout persons.Sometimes extended to other marks, as crosses, sacred names, etc., supposed to be supernaturally impressed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > spot or mark > mark of Christ's wounds

stigmate1387

stigmas1632

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 24 St. Frances with his inuisible Stigmata.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1670 (1955) III. 557 Monsieur Monconis..was by no meanes satisfied with the stigmata of those Nunns, because they were so shie of letting him scrape the Letters, which were Jesus, Maria, Joseph.

1841 Earl of Shrewsbury Let. to A. L. Phillipps 6 Her confessor then told us that she had the stigmata on her hands, feet, and side.

1880 A. T. Drane Hist. St. Catherine of Siena 369 During the lifetime of the Saint the stigmas remained invisible, but were not so after her death.

b. Ineffaceable stains of blood, supposed to remain on the floor of a room where a murder has been committed.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth Introd., in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 15 If any Seneschal..had, by means of paint,..endeavoured to palm upon posterity supposititious stigmata,..the impostor would have chosen the Queen's cabinet and the bedroom for the scene of his trick.

4. Pathology. A morbid spot, dot, or point on the skin, esp. one which bleeds spontaneously.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > spot or mark > caused by extravasation

ecchymosis?1541

petechia1616

stigma1661

vibex1771

extravasation1835

stria1853

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 128 The eye [of a wolf] applied extenuats the glaucoma and stigma's.

1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 37 Cutaneous hæmorrhages assume the form of..stigmata, or minute points, petechiæ, or rounded spots, and vibices or lines.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 180 The distended capillaries on the cheek, the so-called ‘venous stigmata,’ which are attributable to alcoholic excess.

5. Zoology and Anatomy.

a. Each of the respiratory openings or breathing-pores in insects and other invertebrates; a spiracle. Also applied to other small openings or pores, as that of the pneumatocyst in Hydrozoa. (Plural usually stigmata.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > internal organs and systems > [noun] > breathing-pore

respiracle1555

stigma1747

spiraculum1768

spiracle1775

breathing pore1796

1747 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 122/1 Such as have need of respiration have tracheas and stigmas, which admit..as much air as is..needful for the insect.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VIII. 13 The stigmata, as they are called; or those holes on the sides of its body, through which the animal [sc. caterpillar] is supposed to breathe.

1832 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom XIV. 3 (note) In the crickets..and the libellulæ, the sides of the metathorax are each provided with a stigma.

1861–2 Le Conte Classif. Coleoptera N. Amer. i. Introd. p. xviii The prothoracic breathing pore or stigma or spiracle.

1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 103 Ascidian..The longitudinal vessels..inclose the stigmata or apertures which lead from the cavity of the pharynx to the peribranchial or atrial cavity.

b. The part of an ovisac or Graafian follicle where it ruptures to discharge the ovum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > reproductive substances or cells > [noun] > ovum or ootid > Graafian follicle, etc.

corpus luteum1788

ovarian follicle1834

Graafian follicle1841

theca folliculi1857

corona radiata1869

stigma1890

1890 E. Coues Handbk. Field & Gen. Ornithol. 327 Such rupture of the Graafian follicle (ovisac)..occurs along a line where the..blood-vessels..upon its surface appear to be wanting, called the stigma.

c. A natural spot or mark, as one formed by enlargement of a nervure on the fore-wings of certain insects (pterostigma), or the pigment- or eye-spot of an infusorian.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > protozoa > class Infusoria > [noun] > member of > parts of > pigment or eye-spot

stigma1826

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [noun] > wings(s) > stigma

stigma1826

pterostigma1861

orbicular1890

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 377.

1871 E. F. Staveley Brit. Insects 153 On the front margin of the fore-wing [of Hymenoptera] is a thickened spot or stigma.

1895 D. Sharp in Cambr. Nat. Hist. V. i. 534 The Proctotrypidae..frequently have a pigmented spot or stigma on the front wings.

6. Botany. That part of the pistil in flowering plants which receives the pollen in impregnation, of very various form, situated either directly on the ovary (sessile) or at the summit (more rarely the side) of the style. Also applied to an analogous structure in cryptogams. (Plural usually stigmas.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > stamen or pistil > style or pistil and related parts > stigma

chive1530

stigma1753

uterus1776

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Seseli The stigmata are obtuse.

1812 S. Edwards New Bot. Garden I. 26 The styles acuminate, and the stigmas obtuse.

1862 C. Darwin Var. Contriv. Orchids Fertilised (1877) ix. 249 The viscid secretion of the stigmas of some Orchids.

1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 343 The female organs [in Cryptogams]..called archegonia, are, when..capable of being fertilised, flask-shaped bodies..prolonged into a long neck... A row of cells..passes through the neck..and is continued as far as the cells which form the so-called ‘Stigma.’

7. In Ellis's Stigmatic Geometry, A point whose movement in a certain plane is determined by that of another point (the index) in the same plane.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > point > [noun] > on a surface or plane

conical point1812

umbilicus1841

stigma1863

binode1869

branch-point1878

saddle point1907

saddle1952

1863 A. J. Ellis in Proc. Royal Soc. 12 442 The theory of stigmatics. An index point, supposed to move from any origin into every point on a plane, is accompanied by one or more satellite points, termed stigmata... The locus of the stigmata, corresponding to each path of the index, forms a stigmatic curve. The aggregate of these curves constitutes a stigmatic.

1864 Rep. Brit. Assoc. ii. 2 If H and K be fixed stigmata.

1864 Rep. Brit. Assoc. ii. 2 M is the index and P the stigma of a stigmatic straight line.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	stigma
释义	stigman. Brit. /ˈstɪɡmə/, U.S. /ˈstɪɡmə/ Forms: Plural stigmata /ˈstɪɡmətə/ or stigmas /ˈstɪɡməz/. See also stigme n. Etymology: < Latin stigma, < Greek στίγμα mark made by a pointed instrument, brand, < root stig- in στίζειν* ( < stigy- ) to prick, puncture: see stick v.¹ 1. A mark made upon the skin by burning with a hot iron (rarely, by cutting or pricking), as a token of infamy or subjection; a brand. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > mark of identification > [noun] > mark assumed by or imposed on person > as taken of infamy or subjection brand1552 stigma1596 1596 J. Harington New Disc. Aiax* sig. C2^v Circumcision? impressing a painefull stigma, or caracter in Gods peculiar people. 1645 S. Rutherford Tryal & Trivmph of Faith (1845) 256 When a burning iron is put on the face of a evil-doer, it leaveth behind it a brand, or a stigma. 1778 Sk. Tabernacle Frames 35 His flinty Front my Stigma shou'd retain. 1863 W. H. Russell My Diary North & South I. 246 The advertisements for runaway negroes,..the description of the stigmata on their persons—whippings and brandings, scars and cuts. 1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. ix. xxxi. 30 He was branded..with the stigmata of the Lord Jesus [cf. Gal. vi. 17]. 1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors I. i. 2 He..thankfully received his runaway hat,..making light of the muddy stigmas imprinted by the pavement. 2. a. figurative. A mark of disgrace or infamy; a sign of severe censure or condemnation, regarded as impressed on a person or thing; a ‘brand’. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > infamy or notoriety > [noun] > branding with infamy > a brand of infamy note1531 brand1597 foil1599 stripe1607 stigmaa1620 stigmea1620 mark of Cain1795 a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) i. xvi. §4. 168 They set a stigma, and a note vpon all that impugne it. a1623 Sir G. Buck Hist. Richard III (1979) (modernized text) ii. 107 All such cruel and barbarous slaughters are now thereof..Bartelmies, simply in a perpetual stigma of that butchery. 1777 Earl of Chatham Speech on Addr. 18 Nov. I..call upon your Lordships..to stamp upon it an indelible stigma of the public abhorrence. 1809 R. K. Porter Travelling Sketches Russia & Sweden II. Index 273 Houghton gallery, purchased by Catherine, and added to the collection at the Hermitage; a stigma on this country. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xiv. 410 Moderate politicians..were unwilling to put a stigma on a man..distinguished both by his abilities and by his amiable qualities. 1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 172 Branded with the stigma of illegitimacy. b. A distinguishing mark or characteristic (of a bad or objectionable kind); in Pathology a sign of some specific disorder, as hysteria. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > [noun] > of bad kind stigma1859 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > symptom > [noun] > sign sign?a1425 physical sign1715 stigma1859 1859 G. A. Sala Twice round Clock (1861) 116 Among a family of blooming girls one who already wears the stigmata of old maidenhood. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 889 The stigmas of a morphinist are plausibility and disorderliness. 1907 W. C. Krauss tr. E. Mendel Psychiatry 84 Stigmata of Degeneration. 1916 A. Bennett These Twain 38 His incorrigible vulgarity of a small manufacturer who displays everywhere the stigmata of petty commerce. 3. a. plural. Marks resembling the wounds on the crucified body of Christ, said to have been supernaturally impressed on the bodies of certain saints and other devout persons.Sometimes extended to other marks, as crosses, sacred names, etc., supposed to be supernaturally impressed. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > spot or mark > mark of Christ's wounds stigmate1387 stigmas1632 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 24 St. Frances with his inuisible Stigmata. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1670 (1955) III. 557 Monsieur Monconis..was by no meanes satisfied with the stigmata of those Nunns, because they were so shie of letting him scrape the Letters, which were Jesus, Maria, Joseph. 1841 Earl of Shrewsbury Let. to A. L. Phillipps 6 Her confessor then told us that she had the stigmata on her hands, feet, and side. 1880 A. T. Drane Hist. St. Catherine of Siena 369 During the lifetime of the Saint the stigmas remained invisible, but were not so after her death. b. Ineffaceable stains of blood, supposed to remain on the floor of a room where a murder has been committed.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth Introd., in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 15 If any Seneschal..had, by means of paint,..endeavoured to palm upon posterity supposititious stigmata,..the impostor would have chosen the Queen's cabinet and the bedroom for the scene of his trick. 4. Pathology. A morbid spot, dot, or point on the skin, esp. one which bleeds spontaneously. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > spot or mark > caused by extravasation ecchymosis?1541 petechia1616 stigma1661 vibex1771 extravasation1835 stria1853 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 128 The eye [of a wolf] applied extenuats the glaucoma and stigma's. 1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 37 Cutaneous hæmorrhages assume the form of..stigmata, or minute points, petechiæ, or rounded spots, and vibices or lines. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 180 The distended capillaries on the cheek, the so-called ‘venous stigmata,’ which are attributable to alcoholic excess. 5. Zoology and Anatomy. a. Each of the respiratory openings or breathing-pores in insects and other invertebrates; a spiracle. Also applied to other small openings or pores, as that of the pneumatocyst in Hydrozoa. (Plural usually stigmata.) ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > internal organs and systems > [noun] > breathing-pore respiracle1555 stigma1747 spiraculum1768 spiracle1775 breathing pore1796 1747 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 122/1 Such as have need of respiration have tracheas and stigmas, which admit..as much air as is..needful for the insect. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VIII. 13 The stigmata, as they are called; or those holes on the sides of its body, through which the animal [sc. caterpillar] is supposed to breathe. 1832 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom XIV. 3 (note) In the crickets..and the libellulæ, the sides of the metathorax are each provided with a stigma. 1861–2 Le Conte Classif. Coleoptera N. Amer. i. Introd. p. xviii The prothoracic breathing pore or stigma or spiracle. 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 103 Ascidian..The longitudinal vessels..inclose the stigmata or apertures which lead from the cavity of the pharynx to the peribranchial or atrial cavity. b. The part of an ovisac or Graafian follicle where it ruptures to discharge the ovum. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > reproductive substances or cells > [noun] > ovum or ootid > Graafian follicle, etc. corpus luteum1788 ovarian follicle1834 Graafian follicle1841 theca folliculi1857 corona radiata1869 stigma1890 1890 E. Coues Handbk. Field & Gen. Ornithol. 327 Such rupture of the Graafian follicle (ovisac)..occurs along a line where the..blood-vessels..upon its surface appear to be wanting, called the stigma. c. A natural spot or mark, as one formed by enlargement of a nervure on the fore-wings of certain insects (pterostigma), or the pigment- or eye-spot of an infusorian. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > protozoa > class Infusoria > [noun] > member of > parts of > pigment or eye-spot stigma1826 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [noun] > wings(s) > stigma stigma1826 pterostigma1861 orbicular1890 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 377. 1871 E. F. Staveley Brit. Insects 153 On the front margin of the fore-wing [of Hymenoptera] is a thickened spot or stigma. 1895 D. Sharp in Cambr. Nat. Hist. V. i. 534 The Proctotrypidae..frequently have a pigmented spot or stigma on the front wings. 6. Botany. That part of the pistil in flowering plants which receives the pollen in impregnation, of very various form, situated either directly on the ovary (sessile) or at the summit (more rarely the side) of the style. Also applied to an analogous structure in cryptogams. (Plural usually stigmas.) ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > stamen or pistil > style or pistil and related parts > stigma chive1530 stigma1753 uterus1776 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Seseli The stigmata are obtuse. 1812 S. Edwards New Bot. Garden I. 26 The styles acuminate, and the stigmas obtuse. 1862 C. Darwin Var. Contriv. Orchids Fertilised (1877) ix. 249 The viscid secretion of the stigmas of some Orchids. 1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 343 The female organs [in Cryptogams]..called archegonia, are, when..capable of being fertilised, flask-shaped bodies..prolonged into a long neck... A row of cells..passes through the neck..and is continued as far as the cells which form the so-called ‘Stigma.’ 7. In Ellis's Stigmatic Geometry, A point whose movement in a certain plane is determined by that of another point (the index) in the same plane. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > point > [noun] > on a surface or plane conical point1812 umbilicus1841 stigma1863 binode1869 branch-point1878 saddle point1907 saddle1952 1863 A. J. Ellis in Proc. Royal Soc. 12 442 The theory of stigmatics. An index point, supposed to move from any origin into every point on a plane, is accompanied by one or more satellite points, termed stigmata... The locus of the stigmata, corresponding to each path of the index, forms a stigmatic curve. The aggregate of these curves constitutes a stigmatic. 1864 Rep. Brit. Assoc. ii. 2 If H and K be fixed stigmata. 1864 Rep. Brit. Assoc. ii. 2 M is the index and P the stigma of a stigmatic straight line. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1596
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