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单词 bluestocking
释义

bluestockingadj.n.

Brit. /ˈbluːˌstɒkɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈbluˌstɑkɪŋ/
Forms: see blue adj. and n. and stocking n.2; also (esp. in senses A. 1 and A. 2a) with capital initial(s).
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: blue adj., stocking n.2
Etymology: < blue adj. + stocking n.2In sense A. 1 apparently with allusion to blue stockings as characteristic of simple, puritanical (male) attire. Compare blue-stockinged adj. 1. In sense A. 2 also originally with allusion to blue stockings as worn by men, specifically cheap blue worsted stockings as opposed to more expensive and formal white silk stockings; in early use apparently particularly associated with the attire of Benjamin Stillingfleet, an attender of social assemblies or salons hosted by Elizabeth Montagu (compare 1757 at sense A. 2a). The expression came to be used more generally in allusion to social assemblies or literary salons hosted by Elizabeth Montagu, Elizabeth Vesey, and Frances Boscawen, among others, which were characterized by social informality and intellectual exchange. The emphasis on the encouragement of female intellectuals in this circle led to the association of the term blue stocking (and its derivatives) specifically with the involvement of women in the intellectual world. This was later reinforced further by the increasing identification of stockings as an item of female rather than male attire (compare stocking n.2).
A. adj. (attributive).
1. Bluestocking Parliament n. now historical the nominated assembly of 1653 (also known as Barebone’s Parliament), the members of which wore puritanically plain clothing.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > English or British parliament > [noun] > a particular English or British parliament > specific
great Parliamentc1450
Good Parliament1580
addle parliament1614
giunto1641
junto1641
Unlearned Parliament1643
Long Parliament1646
rump?1653
Short Parliament1653
lay Parliament1655
Barebone's Parliament1657
Rump Parliament1659
Little Parliamenta1675
Long Parliament1678
Pensioner Parliament1678
Pensioned Parliament1681
Bluestocking Parliamenta1683
Pension Parliament1682
Pensionary Parliament1690
marvellous Parliament?1706
rumple1725
lack-learning Parliament1765
unreported Parliament1839
Cavalier Parliament1849
Addled Parliament1857
merciless Parliament1875
wonderful Parliament1878
nominated Parliament1898
a1683 Autobiogr. Sir J. Bramston (1845) 89 That Blew-stocking Parliament, Barebone Parliament, a companie of fellowes called togeather by Cromwell, the armie and councell thereof pickt out for the purpose.
1976 Amer. Speech 51 42 The wearing of blue worsted rather than black silk stockings by those whose religious and..political convictions were opposed to foppery and faddishness (for example, the Blue Stocking Parliament of 1653).
2003 in K. Hamer & L. Code tr. M. le Dœuff Sex of Knowing i. 1 The members of this Blue-Stocking Parliament, Cromwell's chosen few, had little interest in fashionable clothing.
2.
a. Of, belonging, or relating to a series of assemblies or salons held c1750 by a group of London society ladies, notable for the informal dress worn by the male attendees and for the intellectual conversation engaged in by women and men equally; as bluestocking assembly, bluestocking circle, bluestocking club, bluestocking coterie, bluestocking party, etc. Now historical.The term blue stocking was originally a non-pejorative nickname, but was later used to connote the excessively feminine literariness or intellectualism seen as characterizing these gatherings. See further discussion in etymology section.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > social event > social gathering > [adjective] > symposium
symposiac1642
symposiastic1669
symposial1775
bluestocking?1783
sympotical1825
symposiacal1826
sympotic1972
1757 E. Montagu Let. Mar. in J. Doran Lady of Last Cent. (1873) 270 He [sc. Mr. Stillingfleet] has left off his old friends and his blue stockings.]
?1783 C. A. Burney Jrnl. 5 Feb. in F. Burney Early Diary (1889) II. 309 He said that a lady that read Livy, ask'd him to give [her] a succinct account of the new opera. We were speaking of the blue stocking Club.
1785 J. Boswell Jrnl. Tour Hebrides 25 I had seen, at a Blue-stocking assembly, a number of ladies sitting round a worthy and tall friend of ours, listening to his literature.
1796 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 633/2 I know the word dear to be a sort of blue-stocking epithet, applied without much discrimination.
1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller I. 4 He..has been repeatedly teased to exhibit himself at blue stocking parties, for no other reason than that of being ‘the gentleman who has had a glimpse of the author of Waverly’.
1885 F. Cuss E. Barnet 113 A member of the..Blue Stocking coterie.
1900 M. E. Braddon Infidel ix. 149 Well, we shall meet in town next winter, perhaps, if you do not join the blue-stocking circle,..or turn religious.
1937 J. P. Marquand Late George Apley (1940) xxviii. 321 In certain diatribes against so-called ‘bluestocking’ classes Apley's name was frequently specifically mentioned as an exception.
2009 W. Moore Wedlock (2010) iv. 83 Mary threw herself into her twin passions of writing and botany... Soon after her marriage, the scholarly earl forbade her from attending Elizabeth Montagu's Blue Stocking gatherings.
b. Hence, of a woman: having or affecting literary tastes in a manner originally associated with the women of the bluestocking circle; that is a bluestocking (see sense B. 1); literary, scholarly, intellectual; as bluestocking female, bluestocking lady, etc. Frequently derogatory. Now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > [adjective]
yleredc897
keena1000
wisec1000
leredc1154
wittya1225
cunningc1325
taughta1382
clergialc1386
wittilyc1400
philosophicala1425
erudite?a1475
clergyable1488
informeda1500
studieda1513
estudied1550
learned1556
well-read?1576
scholarly1583
scholarlike1588
well-digested1602
literated1611
artificial1618
scienced1636
clerk-like1638
scollardicall1654
philosophic1665
virtuosoa1667
virtuousa1680
doct1694
blue-stockinged1791
bluestocking1793
scholared1830
eruditical1832
1793 W. Gifford Baviad (new ed.) 13 The summons her blue-stocking friends obey, Lur'd by the love of Poetry.
1795 Sketch Campaign of 1793 ii. vii. 67 Oh Lucy! permit not a blue stocking dame, To bandy about my unfortunate name.
1804 Edinb. Rev. 4 219 To hear blue-stocking ladies jingle their rhymes.
1824 T. B. Macaulay Misc. Writings (1860) I. 127 The travelled nobles and the blue stocking matrons of Rome.
1930 ‘H. Z. Smith’ Not so Quiet i. 15 Only dreadful blue-stocking females cut their hair.
1968 D. Tangye Way to Minack iv. 37 ‘Rubbish,’ said her father, thinking of his blue stocking daughter, ‘it's a mistake. They've chosen Barbara not you.’
1997 Courier Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 16 Dec. 15 Domestic violence, eating disorders, sexual harassment, a hopelessly skewed division of labour..it's enough to make a blue-stocking feminist cry.
c. Of an attribute, quality, condition, etc.: characteristic of or suited to such a woman.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > intellectual superiority > [adjective]
intellectual1732
bluestocking1832
long-haired1842
intellectualist1857
high-browed1876
highbrow1884
intellectualistic1887
minority1930
egg-headed1957
eggheadish1963
1832 Edinb. Rev. 55 521 A blue-stocking contempt for household cares.
1839 T. De Quincey Lake Reminiscences in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 5/1 A blue-stocking loquacity.
1917 St. Nicholas July 792/1 [She] became a reigning favorite. Even rumors of her amazing blue-stocking tendencies could not spoil her success.
1971 ‘A. Cross’ Theban Myst. ii. 18 It imbued its students, despite their inevitable destiny of cotillions and debuts, with a tomboy, bluestocking attitude which was never entirely eschewed.
2001 Vogue Mar. 261/1 Miuccia Prada has..embraced the Waspy,..book-editor look of yore and taken bluestocking style to silk-stocking heights.
B. n.
1. Originally: a person, esp. a woman, who is a member of the bluestocking circle (see sense A. 2a). Hence: a woman devoted to literary, scholarly, or intellectual activities. Cf. blue-stockinger n. Now somewhat archaic.In early use the term was used neutrally to refer to a woman engaged in the literary pursuits of the bluestocking circle, but later was applied to intellectual women in general, with derogatory connotations. The depreciative usage was common throughout the 19th cent., but died out as attitudes to women's education changed in the 20th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > pedantry > [noun] > female pedant, blue-stocking
blue-stockinger1780
blue1781
pedantess1784
bas bleu1786
bluestocking1786
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > learned person, scholar > [noun] > female
clergess?c1225
scoleryng14..
mistressc1440
virtuosa1754
savante1764
bluestocking1786
literata1794
society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > one who studies > blue stocking
blue1781
bas bleu1786
bluestocking1786
cerulean1821
1786 H. More Bas Bleu in Florio 72 The following Trifle owes its birth and name to the mistake of a Foreigner of Distinction, who gave the literal appellation of the Bas-bleu, to a small party of friends, who had been sometimes called, by way of pleasantry, the Blue Stockings.
1790 ‘P. Pindar’ Elegy to Apollo in Brit. Mercury 1 May 159 I see the band of blue-stockings arise, Historic, critic, and poetic dames!
1807 Edinb. Rev. 10 192 This would scarcely go down..even among the blue stockings of Montagu house.
1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk II. vii. 168 I have an utter aversion to blue-stockings. I do not care a fig for any woman that knows even what an author means.
1853 T. De Quincey Autobiogr. Sketches in Select. Grave & Gay I. 357 The order of ladies called Bluestockings, by way of reproach, has become totally extinct amongst us.
1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 475 By the highest mental education they [sc. girls] may be made into ‘blue-stockings’ or neurotics, or both together.
1938 D. Wallace Time of Wild Roses ii. 25 Daddy wouldn't let me try for College—he can't abide blue-stockings.
1952 M. Kennedy Troy Chimneys 33 She liked to read, although she was no blue-stocking.
2002 Daily Tel. 12 June 22/1 In an age of would-be totty academics, she [sc. a Cambridge professor] looks like everyone's idea of a bluestocking.
2. U.S. regional. Also bluestockings. The American avocet, Recurvirostra americana, which has long grey legs. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > family Recurvirostridae > member of genus Recurvirostra (avocet)
scooper1668
shoeing-horn1668
crooked-bill1705
cobbler's awl1759
picarini1770
yelper1770
avocet1771
scooping avocet1776
red-necked avocet1823
bluestocking1844
shoehorn1864
1844 J. E. DeKay Zool. N.Y. II. 267 The American Avoset, or Blue-stocking as it is called in New Jersey, is a scarce bird on the shores of this State.
1883 W. A. Stearns & E. Coues New Eng. Bird Life II. 180 The color of the legs suggests the ludicrous name of ‘blue-stocking’, sometimes applied.
1910 E. H. Eaton Birds N.Y. I. 294 The American avocet, or Bluestocking, was formerly an occasional visitor to the shores of Long Island and the Great Lakes, but is now purely accidental or entirely absent.
1915 National Geographic Mag. Aug. 129/1 Like the ‘blue stockings’ the stilt used to be rather common in the Atlantic States, but it has suffered at the hands of the gunners till few of the present generation know the bird by sight.

Derivatives

ˈbluestockingish adj. rare like or resembling a bluestocking; literary, learned, intellectual.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > pedantry > [adjective] > of women
blue1754
blue-stockinged1791
bluestockingishc1822
cerulean1831
c1822 J. Wilson in Byron's Wks. (1846) 232/2 (note) The women..are blue-stockingish.
1999 N.Y. Observer (Nexis) 25 Oct. So unfrittery, so bluestockingish, so sober, Eleanor and Hillary.
blue-stockingship n. Obsolete rare the state or condition of being a bluestocking; = bluestockingism n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > pedantry > [noun] > female pedant, blue-stocking > condition of being
blueism1795
blue-stockingship1818
blueness1847
bas-bleuism1871
1818 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 3 286 The tawdry blue-stockingship of a young lady from the manufacturing district.
1857 Littell's Living Age 21 Mar. 747/2 A party of ladies, among whom were two precise specimens of blue-stockingship, Elizabeth Carter and Hannah More.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

> see also

also refers to : blue-stockingv.
<
adj.n.a1683
see also
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