stewardn.

Brit.

/ˈstjuːəd/,

/ˈstʃuːəd/, U.S.

/ˈst(j)uərd/

Forms: Old English stigweard, stíweard; Old English–Middle English stiward, Middle English stiwærd, Middle English stiwarde, Middle English–1500s styward(e, Middle English styeward; Middle English steiward; Middle English–1600s stuard(e, Middle English stwarde, Middle English–1500s stuerd(e, Middle English–1500s stuward(e; Middle English steuard, Middle English stewer(e)de, Middle English–1500s steward(e, Middle English– steward. β. Scottish and northernMiddle English stewarte, Middle English stwart; 1600s–1700s stuart; Middle English–1700s steuart, Middle English– stewart.

Etymology: Old English stíweard , stigweard , < stig of uncertain meaning + weard keeper, ward n.¹The word is not found in any manuscript earlier than the 11th cent., and the form stigweard , though certainly the original, is recorded only in a late transcript. The first element is most probably Old English stig a house or some part of a house (compare stigwita house-dweller); this is doubtless cognate with stigu sty n.³ and stígan to climb (sty v.¹), but there is no ground for the assumption that stigweard originally meant ‘keeper of the pig-sties’. The English title is quoted by Froissart in the Old French form estuard. The rare Old Norse stívarðr is adopted from Old English Since the 16th cent. the definitions of the word have often been influenced by the supposed etymologies stead + ward and stow + ward.

a. An official who controls the domestic affairs of a household, supervising the service of his master's table, directing the domestics, and regulating household expenditure; a major-domo. Obsolete exc. Historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > chief

stewardc1000

constablea1240

seneschal1393

major-domo1589

court marshal1693

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > head servant or house steward

stewardc1000

spencea1300

spender1340

spencerc1380

maître d'hôtel1540

major-domo1589

dapifer1636

khansama1645

sirkar1772

maître d'1942

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 223/7 Discoforus, discifer, uel stiweard.

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 129/13 Economus, stiward.

c1290 St. Eustace 144 in S.E. Leg. 397 Þis kniȝtes þoȝte wonþer gret þat a such heiward Of so quinte seruise was as he were eny stuard.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xvi. 40 Reson stod and stihlede as for stywarde of halle.

a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 535 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 316 At countyng stuarde schalle ben.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 383 Hys stwart Kerlye brocht thaim in fusioun Gude thing eneuch quhat was in-to the toun.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. x. sig. K2 The first of them,..Of all the house had charge and gouernement, As Guardian and Steward of the rest.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. v. 151 If not, let me see thee a steward still, the fellow of seruants.

1623 J. Webster Dutchesse of Malfy Dram. Pers. Antonio Bologna, steward of the household to the Duchess.

1651 J. White Rich Cabinet 171 A Steward comeing to buy fruit for his Lady, bought all the apples they had at 7 a peny.

figurative and in extended use.1697 D. Defoe Ess. Projects 302 I cannot think that God Almighty ever made them so delicate, so glorious Creatures..and all to be only Stewards of our Houses, Cooks, and Slaves.

b. A member of a college who supervises the catering or presides at table.

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society > education > educational administration > university administration > [noun] > steward

steward1749

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun] > supplying food or catering > supplier of food or caterer > official or superintendent of food > in household, monastery, court, or college

spencerc1380

fratererc1430

poultera1475

provisor1498

sergeant garbagera1616

steward1749

1749 J. Pointer Oxoniensis Acad. 23 'Tis a custom for one of these scholars to take it by turns to be steward every week, whose office it is to cater for the rest of the society.

1893 T. Fowler Hist. Corpus Christi Coll. 51 The Steward of the Hall was one of the graduate-Fellows appointed, from week to week, to assist the Bursars in the commisariat and internal expenditure of the College.

1899 B. W. Henderson Merton Coll. 249 To each Undergraduate table one member is appointed as steward. Forty years ago the Postmasters elected their own steward.

c. A servant of a college who is charged with the duty of catering. Also, the head servant of a club or similar institution, who has control of the other servants.

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society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > head servant or house steward > in a club or institution

steward1518

1518 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) III. 473 iiij li shalbe delyeurd yerly to the stuward of the said Collegge.

1717 E. Miller Acct. Univ. Cambr. 106 The 7th Statute concerning the Steward..appoints him to go with the Cook to the Shambles, to see the Victuals bought; and to demand from the Fellows, &c. all Monies due for Commons, and sizeings at the end of every Moneth, &c.

1861 G. Trevelyan Horace at Athens (1862) 19 The steward and the cook have done me brown.

1914 Kelly's Oxf. Directory 125 Worcester [College]. Steward & Head Cook.

d. An officer in a ship who, under the direction of the captain or the purser, keeps the stores and arranges for the serving of meals; now applied to any attendant who waits upon the passengers, often with defining word indicating rank or special function, as bath-, cabin-, deck-, table-steward; captain's steward, chief steward, paymaster's steward, etc.In comic literature there are many allusions to the steward's function of attending to seasick passengers.

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society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > one dealing with provisions or distribution of

stewardc1450

scaffmaster1555

steward's mate1708

Jack of the Dust1821

pantry boy1839

Jimmy Ducks1849

bung1863

Jack Dusty1915

society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > servants attendants

cabin boy1726

mess boy1813

steward1836

stewardess1837

peggy1902

mess1927

winger1929

c1450 Pilgrims Sea-Voy. 38 ‘Hale in the wartake!’ ‘hit shal be done.’ ‘Steward! couer the boorde anone.’

1496 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 166 John Swynborne styward—viij⁸. John Gylpyn coke—x^s.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. iv. 76 Their daily prouision..is prepared by a steward & a cooke.

1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 5 The Steward is to deliuer out the victuall, according to the Captaines directions.

1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Pantagruel's Voy.: 4th Bk. Wks. iv. xviii. 76 Poor Panurge..sat on the Deck all in a heap,..and..bawl'd out frightfully, Steward, Maistre d'Hostel,..pr'ythee let's have a piece of Powder'd Beef or Pork.

1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy I. ix. 127 But a cup of tea, and ship's biscuit and butter, I can desire the steward to get ready for you.

1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iv. xii. 264 Talk of trades,..who wouldn't know your brother to be a Steward! There's..an air of reliability about him in case you wanted a basin, which points out the steward!

1883 W. C. Russell Sailors' Lang. 139 Steward, a saloon waiter. One who has charge of the stores. Those under him are called under~stewards.

1897 Punch 23 Jan. 37/1 Mr. Dibbles (en route for Paris. Sea choppy). Channel Tunnel not a bad idea... Steward! [Goes below.]

e. One employed on a train to serve meals, drinks, etc., to passengers and to attend to other needs. Also, one with similar duties on a motor coach or aeroplane.

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the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [noun] > server of food > steward or stewardess

steward1906

stewardess1931

stew1970

society > travel > air or space travel > people who fly in aircraft or spacecraft > [noun] > crew of aircraft or spacecraft > aircraft cabin crew > members of

air steward1922

air hostess1931

steward1931

stewardess1931

airline stewardess1933

air stewardess1936

hostess1936

airline steward1937

flight attendant1947

hostie1960

1906 Railway Epicurean July 9 Harvey's chefs and stewards have the food products of a continent at their command.

1915 Proc. Amer. Assoc. Dining Car Superintendents xv. 44 Instead of the steward asking, ‘All on one check?’ we instruct our stewards to, in a quiet way, get around to one of the party and ascertain whether one or more checks are desired.

1928 Lit. Digest 13 Oct. 70/3 The ‘Nitecoach’ carries a crew of three, driver, steward, and porter.

1931 Sci. Amer. Oct. 236/3 The steward, who now becomes the [airline] passenger's guide on land, is trained to supply any desired information.

1939 Flight 14 Dec. 490/1 The K.L.M. has found it wiser to employ stewards rather than Air Hostesses on the London line.

1955 F. O' Connor Wise Blood i. 15 There was a steward beckoning people to places and handing out menus.

1975 Economist 11 Jan. 20/2 The £100,000 placed in the plane at Heathrow was recovered and the only damage, to a luckless steward, was one police dog-bite.

1979 P. Theroux Old Patagonian Express iii. 59 It was the steward from the dining car... ‘Lunch!’ he yelled. ‘First call for lunch!’

2. As the title of an officer of a royal household.

a. gen. Originally, an officer with similar functions to the ‘steward’ of an ordinary household (see sense 1). After the Norman Conquest, the title was the English equivalent of the Old French seneschal, medieval Latin senescallus, dapifer, which, in England as on the Continent, had come to designate an office in the royal household held only by a great noble of the realm. Obsolete exc. Historical.

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society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > chief > in royal household

steward?a955

(Lord) Steward of the King's Household1428

Lord Chamberlain1464

Great Master1531

grand master1537

?a955 K. Eadred's Will in Birch Cartul. Sax. III. 75 And ælcan gesettan discðegne and gesettan hræglðene and gesettan biriele hundeahtatig mancusa goldis... And ælcan gesettan stigweard þritig mancusa goldes.

a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1120 Swyðe manega of þæs cynges hired, stiwardas, & burþenas, & byrlas.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3700 He hafde enne stiwarde [c1300 Otho stiward] þene wisseste mon of al þis ærde.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 13602 Neuere styward ne botyler þat serued kyng ne kayser, So wel halp at here power.

a1350 S. Thomas 194 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 22 Þe kinges steward and als þe quene To Cristes law conuertid he clene.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3378 A stif man & a stern þat was þe kinges stiward, & cheueteyn was chose þat eschel to lede.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vi. 102 I will praye yow, that yef ye be kynge, that ye make my sone Kay youre stywarde.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Kings xviii. 18 Eliachim the sonne of Helchias the stewarde [L. præpositus domus].

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 140 Charles Maximilian Von Thurn, steward of the houshold to the empress-dowager Eleanora.

b. (Lord) Steward of the King's Household n. A peer whose nominal duty it is to control the King's household above stairs, and to preside at the Board of Green Cloth (see green cloth n.). In early times he exercised important judicial functions.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > chief > in royal household

steward?a955

(Lord) Steward of the King's Household1428

Lord Chamberlain1464

Great Master1531

grand master1537

c1400 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. Œuvres 1872 XVI. 23 Messire Thomas de Persy avoit esté ung grant temps souverain estuard de l'ostel du roy, c'est-à-dire en franchois maistre et sèneschal.]

1428 in Nicolas Proc. Privy Counc. (1834) III. 286 John Lord Typtot an off Powys sthuard off þe Kynges howse.

1532 Act 24 Hen. VIII c. 13 §1 The same Licence to be declared in writing by the Kinges Highnese, or the Lorde Stewarde of his most honorable Houshold.

1554 Act 1 Mary c. 4 It hathe now pleased the Quenes Majestie to..chaunge the name of the Greate Maister of her Highnes most honourable Houshold..into the name of the sayd Lorde Stuarde of her most honourable Householde.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. i. 18 The Duke of Suffolke is the first, and claimes To be high Steward.

1710 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 23) i. ii. 108 For the Civil Governement of the King's Court, the chief officer is Lord Steward.

a. (Lord High) Steward or †Great Steward of England. Recorded since the 15th cent. as: The title of a high officer of state, the earlier senescallus Angliae. Since the accession of Henry IV this officer has been appointed only on the occasion of a coronation, at which he presides, or for the trial of a peer, which takes place in the Court of the Lord High Steward if Parliament be not sitting.Originally this office seems to have carried little more than the privilege of waiting on the king's table, especially on state occasions. But it soon became hereditary in the earls of Leicester, and powers similar to those of the French seneschal were claimed for it by Simon de Montfort. This development was checked by the attainder of Simon, and the office finally fell in to the crown by the accession of its holder Henry IV.

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society > authority > office > holder of office > high officials of state > [noun] > Lord High Steward of England or Scotland

Great Steward of England1454

Steward of Scotland1507

1454 Rolls of Parl. V. 249/2 Thomas erle of Devonshire, uppon an enditement of high treasons..afore Humfrey Duc of Bukingham, steward of Englond for that tyme assigned.

1522–3 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII c. 20 §1 Before Thomas Duke of Norffolk for that tyme oonely beyng greate Stuarde of Englande by the Kynges lettres patentis.

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 27 Tho: Earle of Arundell & Surrey..was made high Stuard.

1710 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 23) i. ii. 83 The Lord High Steward of England or Vice-Roy.

1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. xix. 257 They usually (in case of an impeachment of a peer for treason) address the crown to appoint a lord high steward.

1842 J. G. Nichols in Gentleman's Mag. May 485/2 To the high office of Steward of England the Duke of Lancaster became entitled in right of his wife, on the death of his father in law Henry Duke of Lancaster in 1361.

1907 Harcourt His Grace the Steward 379 We may regard the Southampton trial as the true source of the court of the lord high steward.

b. Steward of Scotland n. (also Lord High Steward of Scotland) Historical. The first officer of the Scottish King in early times; he had control of the royal household, great administrative powers, and the privilege of leading the army into battle. The office, described as senescallatus Scotiae in a charter of Malcolm IV, 1158, fell in to the crown upon the accession of Robert the Steward as Robert II, whence the name of the royal house of Stuart; but the title was given to the heir-apparent until the Union. Great Steward of Scotland is now a title of the Prince of Wales.

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society > authority > office > holder of office > high officials of state > [noun] > Lord High Steward of England or Scotland

Great Steward of England1454

Steward of Scotland1507

1507 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 210 His derest son James, prince and stewart of Scotland.

1710 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 23) ii. ii. 411 The Lord High Steward of Scotland..was..in the old Charters, placed before the Constable and Mareschal.

a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. i. iv. §10 57 We may here..add a few words concerning the office of Steward of Scotland.

1845 New Statist. Acct. Scotl. X. 497 Subsequently to his [sc. Malcolm's] time, we find the antiquated title of Abthane giving way to that of Steward of Scotland.

1875 H. J. S. Maine Lect. Early Hist. Inst. 139 The blood of the Steward of Scotland runs in the veins of the Kings of England.

†4. A deputy-governor, vice-gerent. Obsolete.

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society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > [noun] > deputy governor

stewardc1275

lieutenant-governorc1595

vice-governor1598

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5881 Sende ich wulle to Aðionærd. þe is min aȝene stiward..for him ich habbe wel bi-tæht. Brutlond to witene.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 666 Þe wicke traitour godard, Þat was denema[r]k a stiward.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 435 Zephiron, Alisaundre his styward [L. præfectus Alexandri].

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 425 He..ordeynede stywardes [L. præsides] to governe þese londes.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ii. 24 The barons chosen Vortiger to be stwarde.

figurative.?1436 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1903) 12 Souden of all Surry, Emperour of Babilon, Steward of Helle.?1436 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1903) 12 And whi þat I am Stiward of Helle: I lete you wite I haue alle gouernaunce of wicked mawmentries & wicked spirites.1645 W. Ball Tractatus de Jure Regnandi 7 A King of England is but in nature of an high Steward of the Kingdome by inheritance.

a. One who manages the affairs of an estate on behalf of his employer.

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society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > steward or bailiff in charge of another's property

town-reeveeOE

reeveeOE

gravec1175

procuratorc1300

dispender1340

provost1340

bailiec1375

officerc1375

dispenserc1380

proctora1382

dispensator1382

farmerc1384

approverc1386

husbanda1387

stewardc1405

chamberlain1423

procurer1477

factor1520

bailiff1528

land-steward1535

improver1536

grieve1537

amtman1582

administrator1596

stead-man1609

dapifer1636

vogt1694

house jobber1709

commissioner1760

foreman1774

house agent1793

ground-officer1815

land-agent1846

wic-reeve1853

steadward1876

house farmer1882

house-knacker1884

land-sergeant1894

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 581 Worthy to been Stywardes of rente and lond Of any lord that is in Engelond.

c1420 Sir Amadace (Camden) i The stuard sayd, Sir, ȝe awe wele more Thenne ȝe may of ȝour londus rere, In faythe this seuyn ȝere.

1488 Maldon (Essex) Liber B f. 39 Robert Plomer,..chefe Styward of landis on-to lord Henry, Erle of Essex.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 11 Ouer my Gate I haue laide my Steward, from whence he may looke into the Court..and ouersee his neighbour the Bayly.

1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero I. vi. 456 The principal manager or steward of all his affairs.

1821 G. D'Oyly Life W. Sancroft I. 468 On the following day, the servants of his establishment were dismissed by the steward.

1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. iii. i. 447 We believe that the stewards of England, though inferior, perhaps, to the factors of Scotland, are a..useful body of men.

1892 F. P. Verney et al. Mem. Verney Family Civil War I. 14 The estate had been so long without a head, under the management of the steward.

1910 C. Shorter Highways & Byways Bucks. xvi. 177 The present Manor House..has long been given over to the Duke of Bedford's steward.

b. steward of the manor: one who transacts the financial and legal business of a manor on behalf of the lord; he holds the manor-court in the lord's absence, and keeps a copy of its rolls, whence the name steward of copyhold. steward of the leet, steward of the hundred, steward of the haven-court, an official with similar functions in the leet, hundred, and haven courts.

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society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > other officers of specific courts

alderman1275

steward of the manor1303

Queen's (also King's) Proctor?a1425

remembrancer1451

augmentationer1550

associate1552

procurator-fiscal1564

proctor-fiscal1565

chafer1587

custos brevium1589

examiner1594

chafe-wax1607

exceptor1728

procurator general1740

Marshal of the (Court of) Admiralty1769

Pundit of the Supreme Court1827

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 5421 Stywardes..þat lordynges courtys holde.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. Prol. 96 Some..in stede of stuwardes sytten and demen.

1425 Rolls of Parl. IV. 306/2 Stuardus of Letus and Hundredis.

1531 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 186 William Marchall gentleman than being Steward of the seid Manour.

c1537 in W. Rye Cromer (1889) 52 Henry Erle of Surrey High Stuard of the Kyngs Haven Courts in Cromer.

a1563 V. Leigh Moste Profitable Sci. Surueying (1577) sig. G j^v Yerely Fees to any Receiuour..high Stewarde, or vnder Stewarde..to bee goyng out of a Mannour,..are called Reprises.

c1600 Mannor & Court Baron (1909) 200 The Stewarde ys an offycer named by the Lorde, and his offyce ys to directe the sewtors by order of lawe to recorde and regester the plees and Judgements of the Courte... And he is not Judge there but Recorder or clerke as shalbe sayde for he cannot quash an Essoin nor doe any other thinge withoute the assente of the Sewtors.

1791 J. Ritson Jurisd. Court-Leet Introd. p. viii The Leet is a court of record... It is held before the Steward..of the Lord.

1864 S. P. Fox Kingsbridge 3 The Manor of Kingsbridge belongs to John Scobell, Esq...whose Steward holds a Court Leet and Court Baron here.

1897 E. Howlett in W. Andrews' Legal Lore 93 The steward also usually presides at the copyhold courts of the manor.

c. The title of: The administrator, often with merely nominal duties, of certain estates of the Crown, as Steward of Blackburn Hundred, †Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster. For Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, see Chiltern n. 1.

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society > authority > office > holder of office > high officials of state > [noun] > Steward of specific Duchy

Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster1444

1444 Rolls of Parl. V. 106/1 The Styward of the Duche of Lancastre.

c1472 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 26 To our right trustie & welbeloved Sir William Plompton, knight, Stuard of the lordshipp of Spofford.

1499 in N. Riding Rec. (1894) New Ser. I. 130 To..Sir Ric^d Chomley, Stuard of oure lordship of Pykeryng.

1600 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 383 Out of Blacborne hundreth, whereof y^r maiestie haith made him the stuarde.

d. In Scotland: A magistrate originally appointed by the king to administer the crown lands forming a stewartry n.; see quot. 1754. principal stewart, such an official as distinguished from the stewart-depute, to whom part of the duties were usually delegated. Obsolete exc. Historical.

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society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > chief magistrate of a district > [noun] > steward in Scotland

steward1432

1432 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 21 The lorde of the regalite or his stewart or balȝe.

1473–4 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 10 Item of the Stewarte of Kirkcudbrith lx li.

c1575 J. Balfour Practicks (1754) 16 Stewartis and Stewartreis. Stratherne, Lord Drummond.

1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. i. 284 The Sheriffs, Lords of Regalities, and Stewarts, are declared Judges competent to this Crime.

a1688 J. Wallace Descr. Orkney (1693) 88 The Government of the Stewart is in the Kings Bounds, the Manner and Procedure of his Jurisdiction is after the form of Sheriffship, the Title only differing.

1708 Procl. 18 Aug. in London Gaz. No. 4464/4 We..ordain.. Our Solicitor to Dispatch Copies thereof to the Sheriffs of the several Shires, Stewarts of Stewartries.

1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. I. 38 The Stewart was the magistrate appointed by the King, over such regality-lands as happened to fall to the Crown by forfeiture, &c.; and therefore the Stewart's jurisdiction was equal to that of a regality.

a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. i. iv. §10 56 Regality-deputes were sometimes called stewards; but steward, in the strict sense, signified a magistrate appointed by the King over special lands belonging to himself.

1901 R. De B. Trotter Galloway Gossip Eighty Years Ago 236 Davie..summons't the laird for the price o' the hooses, but he made naething o't, for the Steward said he had nae writins on't.

1912 A. Porteous Hist. Crieff ii. 32 The office of dapifer, seneschal, or steward, of Strathearn.

e. Steward of the High Peak: see quot. 1851.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > one who presides at a court > specific

(Lord) Warden of the Stannaries1485

feudary1495

vice-warden1536

Master of the Wards (and Liveries)1561

feudatary1607

Steward of the High Peak1653

1653 E. Manlove Liberties & Customes Lead-mines Derby 199 The Dutchie Court..may appoint a Steward, that may try The Cause again upon the minery.

1851 Act 14 & 15 Victoria c. 94 §3 To be called the Steward of the High Peak Barmote Courts, and such Steward shall hold his Office during the Will and Pleasure of Her Majesty.

6. figurative. (From senses 1, 5) An administrator and dispenser of wealth, favours, etc.; esp. one regarded as the servant of God or of the people.Partly after Biblical uses, in which the word represents Greek οἰκονόμος, Latin dispensator.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > [noun] > giver > giver out or dispenser

steward?c900

issuerc1484

dispensator1489

dispenser1526

disposer1526

doler1593

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [noun] > of God or the people

steward?c900

?c900 Solil. Augustine in Cockayne Shrine (1864) 176 Me þincð betere þæt ic forlete þa gyfe and folgyge þam gyfan ðe me egðer ys stiward ge ðas welan ge eac hys freonscypes.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 283 Luue is heouene stiward.

c1450 How Good Wijf (Lamb. 853) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 37 Ȝeue of þin owne good, and be not to hard, For seelden is þat hous poore þere god is steward.

1539 Bible (Great) 1 Cor. iv. 1 Let a man thys wyse esteme vs, euen as y^e minysters of Christ, and stewardes of the secretes of God.

1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. x. 167 God hath made him rich, that he as a faithful steward might bestowe those riche blessings vpon the familie..of God.

1594 A. Hume Treat. Felicitie sig. A6 The Lord is a wise and discreet stewart, & dispensator of his benefits.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 v. iii. 130 Master Shallow, my lord Shalow, be what thou wilt, I am fortunes steward .

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey i. 32 Luxury being the steward, and the treasure vnexhaustable.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. i. vii. 257 He [the king] is the steward of the public, to dispense it [justice] to whom it is due.

1767 W. Harte Amaranth 177 Just steward of the bounty he receiv'd, And dying poorer than the poor reliev'd!

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 19 A man of business and a vigilant steward of the public money.

a. An officer in a guild, usually ranking next to the alderman; also Historical often as a rendering of Latin senescallus, ONF. eskevein: see skevin n.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > guild of medieval origin > a member > official

steward10..

aldermanc1316

dean of guild1389

master1389

skevin1389

warden1389

searcher1417

quartermaster1556

grand master1615

jurat1714

10.. in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 278 & gyf he on neawyste forðfaren sy warnige man þone stiwerd to hwylcere stowe þæt lic sceole & se stiwerd warnige syððan ða gegyldan.

1432 in F. A. Hibbert Orig. Eng. Gilds (1891) 46 The Stywardes and Maistres of the saide Crafte.

1494 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 188 The Stuarde off the Gilde for the tyme beyng shall truly countrolle them y^t ben absente.

1870 L. Toulmin Smith Eng. Gilds Introd. p. ciii There was an alderman at the head of the Gild, and often stewards by his side as assistants.

b. In certain City companies: One of two or more officers, who are charged with the arrangements for the annual dinner. Cf. sense 10.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > specific societies or organizations > [noun] > other specific associations or organizations > members of

steward1614

Tityre1648

hougher1712

sea-sergeant1744

Molly Maguire1867

Molly1877

buff1879

woodward1886

Downsman1924

lions1949

cruelty man1954

Muslim Brother1957

1614 in W. M. Williams Ann. Founders' Co. (1867) 90 That..Master Wardens, Assistants, and Livery should pay to the Stewards for the providing of dynner on the day of the Master's Feast the some of Two Shillings each.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1671 (1955) III. 587 I dined..at the fraternity feast in yron-mongers hall, where the 4 stewards chose their successors..they drank to the new <stewards>..and so we parted.

1796 in W. M. Williams Ann. Founders' Co. (1867) 165 That as two stewards, properly enabled to serve the office, cannot be immediately fixed upon, the annual dinner, on Lord Mayor's day, be omitted.

c. In various societies, the title of certain officers forming an executive committee. Cf. sense 10.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > [noun] > member > official

master1389

pass-master1762

past master1762

steward1831

1831 in J. C. Whyte's Hist. Brit. Turf (1840) I. 145 At a meeting of the Stewards and Members of the Jockey Club, it was stated that [etc.].

1910 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 732/2 Sport is carried on under the auspices of the Jockey Club... Three stewards, one of whom retires each year,..govern the..work of the club... The stewards of the Jockey Club are ex officio stewards of Ascot, Epsom, Goodwood and Doncaster. All other meetings are controlled by stewards, usually well-known patrons of the Turf invited to act by the projectors of the fixture.

8. A corporation official, whose rank and duties vary widely in different muncipalities; often with a defining word, as capital steward, city steward, town steward.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > other municipal officials > [noun] > steward

city steward1433

1433 Rolls of Parl. IV. 477/1 The Styward of the seid Town.

1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. i. 188 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXIII. 1 The Steward [of Cardiff]..is required to be learned in the law.

1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. i. 613 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXIII. 1 The Capital Steward [of South Molton]..has neither duties nor emoluments.

1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. ii. 1275 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXIII. 133 The Town Steward [of Dorchester] is the treasurer of the corporation.

1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. iii. 1741 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXIV. 1 Previous to the year 1714, the city steward [of York] was appointed by the upper house.

9. high steward n. (see also 3).

a. In the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the title (in academic Latin seneschallus) of a judicial officer, in whom is vested the jurisdiction belonging to the university in causes of treason and felony.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > judicial officer at Oxford or Cambridge

high steward1459

1459 in Munim. Acad. (Rolls) I. 345 If the same prisoner be claymed by the said Chaunceller or his styward..within iv. wykes next after his takyng and imprisonyng in the common prison of the town.

c1674 A. Wood Fasti Oxoniensis (1790) 180 The Office of Steward in this University concerning the capital and chief causes of Scholars and privileged persons, King Henry IV..did institute.

1714 J. Ayliffe Antient & Present State Univ. Oxf. II. iii. ii. 166 The Lord High Steward..is to hold and keep the University Court-Leet..either by himself, or his Under-Steward,..and on Account of this Office, the High Steward receives the yearly Fee of five Pounds from the University.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 684 The trial of treason, felony, and mayhem, by a particular charter, is committed to the university jurisdiction in..the court of the lord high steward of the university.

a1824 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XVI. 184 [(Officers of the University of) Cambridge] A High Steward, who has special power to take the trial of scholars impeached of felony, and to hold and keep a court-leet within the university.

1845 G. R. M. Ward tr. Oxf. Univ. Statutes I. 178 The office of High Steward or Deputy High Steward of the University.

1895 H. Rashdall Univ. Europe in Middle Ages II. ii. 409 Henry IV [in 1406] gave the University [of Oxford] the right to claim the surrender of ‘privileged persons’ indicted for felony, who were thereupon to be tried by a newly-constituted officer of the University, the Seneschal or Steward, to be appointed by the Chancellor.

1895 H. Rashdall Univ. Europe in Middle Ages II. ii. 790 The jurisdiction of the Court of the High Steward of the University [of Oxford]..remains intact, but the privilege has never been claimed for a century or more.

†b. An official having at the inthronization of an archbishop ceremonial functions similar to those of the Lord High Steward at a coronation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > archbishop > [noun] > official at consecration of

high steward15..

15.. in W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum (1817) I. 118/1 He shoulde be the hye stewarde of the sayde archbyshop, and of his successors, at their great feast, when it shoulde fortune the sayde archbyshoppe to be intronizated.

c. In certain English cities, a municipal title of dignity, usually borne by a nobleman or royal prince.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > other municipal officials > [noun] > high steward

high steward1563

1563 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 306 Sir Francis Knollis, Knyght, was chosen stuarde of this Cytie of Oxford this the third day of February, 1563.

1582 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 199 The Earle of Rutland beinge Highe Steward.

1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. i. 59 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXIII. 1 The present lord high steward [of Gloucester] is His Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester.

1914 Kelly's Oxf. Directory 142 High Steward [of the city of Oxford], the Right Hon. the Earl of Jersey.

10. A person appointed to supervise the arrangements or maintain order at a race meeting, exhibition, dinner, ball, concert, public gathering, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > social event > [noun] > person appointed to supervise arrangements

steward1703

1703 London Gaz. No. 3949/4 The Horses to be shewn at the George in Amsbury.., and to be entred by the Steward.

1709 F. Atterbury Serm. Sons of Clergy Ded. (heading) To the Worshipful Mr. John Tenison [and others] Stewards for the Late Feast of the Sons of the Clergy.

1751 Laws of Mus. Soc. at Castle-Tavern, Pater-noster-row 13 The Stewards shall observe the Directions herein after mentioned..for preserving good Order at the Concerts.

1812 Examiner 23 Aug. 542/1 He himself was one of the Stewards of that dinner!

1841 J. W. Orderson Creoleana vi. 62 It was customary for the stewards..to arrange the order of the minuets.

1854 Poultry Chron. 2 330/2 Fill up the delivery order, stating how the birds are to be returned. The stewards will pack them after the show.

1910 [see sense 7c].

1915 Morning Post 7 Dec. 4/3 The meeting was perfectly quiet..until one or two of the stewards..attempted to remove four or five Colonial soldiers.

11. An overseer of workmen. In modern use, the ‘underlooker’ of a colliery, ‘who receives his orders from the manager, and to whom the overmen and deputies report upon the state of the mine’ (Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining, 1883); also, in Scotland, the foreman of a workshop. Also occasionally = shop steward n. at shop n., adj., and int. Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > overseer or foreman

stewarda1400

surveyorc1440

supervisorc1454

overlookera1513

workmaster1525

supervisora1529

foreman1574

superintendent1575

overman1606

headman1725

overseer1766

gang leader1775

hagmaster1797

maistry1798

gangsman1803

kangany1817

capataz1826

gangman1830

ganger1836

gaffer1841

gang boss1863

ramrod1881

charge-man1885

mandor1885

captain1886

overganger1887

ephor1890

pusher1901

gangster1913

line manager1960

society > occupation and work > worker > those involved in labour relations > [noun] > member of trade union > shop steward

shop steward1854

union representative1873

walking delegate1889

steward1943

union rep1948

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5525 On þam þe king sett sere stuward [L. magistros operum] To hald þam in-to werkes hard.

1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 15 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) Six Pence per Corfe,..which is Deducted..by the Steward or Pay-Master.

1916 Observer 9 Jan. 12/2 The fact that Logan had strong trades union views is nothing exceptional for a shop's steward.

1943 Sun (Baltimore) 13 Oct. 8/4 Union local stewards..voted to end their stoppage.

1977 Times 6 May 1/6 The stewards are also pointing out that they are at one with management.

12. Among Methodists, a layman appointed to manage the financial affairs of a congregation ( society or chapel steward) or of a circuit ( circuit steward). Also book steward, the manager of the Book-room or publication department of the Wesleyan Methodist Society; poor steward, a person appointed in a congregation to administer the funds collected for the poor.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > steward > [noun]

steward1741

society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > manager of book room or publication department > [noun]

book steward1896

1741 J. Wesley Jrnl. 23 May (1749) 85 The Stewards of the Society (who receive and expend what is contributed weekly).

1771 J. Wesley Jrnl. 31 Mar. (1777) 22 In the Methodist discipline, the wheels regularly stand thus: the assistant, the preachers, the stewards, the leaders, the people.

1896 Daily News 10 Mar. 5/3 The Rev. C. H. Kelly, the book steward, who is still prosecuting his searches in the Archives of the Wesleyan Book Room.

1904 Daily Chron. 15 Feb. 3/5 Mr. Slack is an active member of the Wesleyan Methodist body... He is circuit-steward of the West London Mission.

Compounds

C1. General attributive. (In sense 5d.)

steward-clerk n.

ΚΠ

1912 A. Porteous Hist. Crieff ii. 48 Other officials connected with the Steward Court were: the Judge or Judex, the Steward Depute, the Steward Clerk, the Doomster or Deemster.

C2.

steward boy n. = house boy n. at house n.¹ and int. Compounds 10.

ΚΠ

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 613 Assisting Idabea and the steward boys in chivying this pig.

1962 Sat. Evening Post 5 May 80/3 Her evening spent in helping Fossey's old stewardboy to beat carpets.

1977 Daily Times (Lagos) 25 Feb. 22/4 (advt.) Driver, Steward boy, Houseboy, wanted.

steward-depute n. see 5d.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > chief magistrate of a district > [noun] > steward in Scotland > steward-depute

steward-deputea1600

a1600 in W. Nicolson Leges Marchiarum (1705) 202 Ane wise and famous Gentleman,..to be Stewart Deput.

1824 G. Chalmers Caledonia III. iii. v. 247 In 1747 this stewartry was placed under a stewart~depute.

steward-room n. (also steward's room) see quots.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > room, locker, or quarters > [noun] > storage room or compartment > for provisions

steward-room1626

1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 11 The Stewards roome.

1644 H. Mainwaring Sea-mans Dict. 102 Stewards-Roome, is that part of the Howlde, wherein the Victuals are Stowed.

1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 153 Steward's room, an apartment built on the larboard side of the after platform, whence the purser's steward issues the provisions to the ship's company, and where he makes up his accounts.

steward's mate n. the assistant of a ship's steward.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > one dealing with provisions or distribution of

stewardc1450

scaffmaster1555

steward's mate1708

Jack of the Dust1821

pantry boy1839

Jimmy Ducks1849

bung1863

Jack Dusty1915

1708 London Gaz. No. 4440/1 The..Stewards Mate, Cooks Mate,..and Marine-Soldiers, two Eighth Parts.

steward's table n. (see quot. 1758).

ΚΠ

1758 (title) Treatise on the Use and Abuse of the Second, commonly called the Steward's Table, in Families of the First Rank.

† stewart-compt n. Scottish Obsolete the statement of the accounts of a stewartry.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > other types of statement

stewart-compt1580

book account1649

account stateda1683

ledger-account1738

bank statement1824

pay bill1828

cost sheet1840

average-statement1865

reconciliation statement1866

swindle sheet1906

exposure draft1971

1580 Exch. Rolls Scot. XXI. 549 I am restand awand in my stewart compt of Menteyth the sowme of 32 pundis.

stewart-court n. (also steward-court) Scottish the court having jurisdiction within a stewartry; also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court of shire or part of shire > in Scotland

head court1410

stewart-court1475

circuit-court1708

1475 in 3rd Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1872) App. 418 in Parl. Papers (C. 673) XXXIII. 337 Vylzam reyd, dempstar of the stewart curt of Stratherne.

a1600 in W. Nicolson Leges Marchiarum (1705) 202 First that he..charge him within the Stewart-Court Book.

1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 287 The several Officers in the Sheriff or Stewart-courts are prohibited to take..any other or higher Fees.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	steward
释义	stewardn. Brit. /ˈstjuːəd/, /ˈstʃuːəd/, U.S. /ˈst(j)uərd/ Forms: Old English stigweard, stíweard; Old English–Middle English stiward, Middle English stiwærd, Middle English stiwarde, Middle English–1500s styward(e, Middle English styeward; Middle English steiward; Middle English–1600s stuard(e, Middle English stwarde, Middle English–1500s stuerd(e, Middle English–1500s stuward(e; Middle English steuard, Middle English stewer(e)de, Middle English–1500s steward(e, Middle English– steward. β. Scottish and northernMiddle English stewarte, Middle English stwart; 1600s–1700s stuart; Middle English–1700s steuart, Middle English– stewart. Etymology: Old English stíweard , stigweard , < stig of uncertain meaning + weard keeper, ward n.¹The word is not found in any manuscript earlier than the 11th cent., and the form stigweard , though certainly the original, is recorded only in a late transcript. The first element is most probably Old English stig a house or some part of a house (compare stigwita house-dweller); this is doubtless cognate with stigu sty n.³ and stígan to climb (sty v.¹), but there is no ground for the assumption that stigweard originally meant ‘keeper of the pig-sties’. The English title is quoted by Froissart in the Old French form estuard. The rare Old Norse stívarðr is adopted from Old English Since the 16th cent. the definitions of the word have often been influenced by the supposed etymologies stead + ward and stow + ward. 1. a. An official who controls the domestic affairs of a household, supervising the service of his master's table, directing the domestics, and regulating household expenditure; a major-domo. Obsolete exc. Historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > chief stewardc1000 constablea1240 seneschal1393 major-domo1589 court marshal1693 society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > head servant or house steward stewardc1000 spencea1300 spender1340 spencerc1380 maître d'hôtel1540 major-domo1589 dapifer1636 khansama1645 sirkar1772 maître d'1942 c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 223/7 Discoforus, discifer, uel stiweard. c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 129/13 Economus, stiward. c1290 St. Eustace 144 in S.E. Leg. 397 Þis kniȝtes þoȝte wonþer gret þat a such heiward Of so quinte seruise was as he were eny stuard. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xvi. 40 Reson stod and stihlede as for stywarde of halle. a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 535 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 316 At countyng stuarde schalle ben. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 383 Hys stwart Kerlye brocht thaim in fusioun Gude thing eneuch quhat was in-to the toun. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. x. sig. K2 The first of them,..Of all the house had charge and gouernement, As Guardian and Steward of the rest. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. v. 151 If not, let me see thee a steward still, the fellow of seruants. View more context for this quotation 1623 J. Webster Dutchesse of Malfy Dram. Pers. Antonio Bologna, steward of the household to the Duchess. 1651 J. White Rich Cabinet 171 A Steward comeing to buy fruit for his Lady, bought all the apples they had at 7 a peny. figurative and in extended use.1697 D. Defoe Ess. Projects 302 I cannot think that God Almighty ever made them so delicate, so glorious Creatures..and all to be only Stewards of our Houses, Cooks, and Slaves. b. A member of a college who supervises the catering or presides at table. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > university administration > [noun] > steward steward1749 the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun] > supplying food or catering > supplier of food or caterer > official or superintendent of food > in household, monastery, court, or college spencerc1380 fratererc1430 poultera1475 provisor1498 sergeant garbagera1616 steward1749 1749 J. Pointer Oxoniensis Acad. 23 'Tis a custom for one of these scholars to take it by turns to be steward every week, whose office it is to cater for the rest of the society. 1893 T. Fowler Hist. Corpus Christi Coll. 51 The Steward of the Hall was one of the graduate-Fellows appointed, from week to week, to assist the Bursars in the commisariat and internal expenditure of the College. 1899 B. W. Henderson Merton Coll. 249 To each Undergraduate table one member is appointed as steward. Forty years ago the Postmasters elected their own steward. c. A servant of a college who is charged with the duty of catering. Also, the head servant of a club or similar institution, who has control of the other servants. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > head servant or house steward > in a club or institution steward1518 1518 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) III. 473 iiij li shalbe delyeurd yerly to the stuward of the said Collegge. 1717 E. Miller Acct. Univ. Cambr. 106 The 7th Statute concerning the Steward..appoints him to go with the Cook to the Shambles, to see the Victuals bought; and to demand from the Fellows, &c. all Monies due for Commons, and sizeings at the end of every Moneth, &c. 1861 G. Trevelyan Horace at Athens (1862) 19 The steward and the cook have done me brown. 1914 Kelly's Oxf. Directory 125 Worcester [College]. Steward & Head Cook. d. An officer in a ship who, under the direction of the captain or the purser, keeps the stores and arranges for the serving of meals; now applied to any attendant who waits upon the passengers, often with defining word indicating rank or special function, as bath-, cabin-, deck-, table-steward; captain's steward, chief steward, paymaster's steward, etc.In comic literature there are many allusions to the steward's function of attending to seasick passengers. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > one dealing with provisions or distribution of stewardc1450 scaffmaster1555 steward's mate1708 Jack of the Dust1821 pantry boy1839 Jimmy Ducks1849 bung1863 Jack Dusty1915 society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > servants attendants cabin boy1726 mess boy1813 steward1836 stewardess1837 peggy1902 mess1927 winger1929 c1450 Pilgrims Sea-Voy. 38 ‘Hale in the wartake!’ ‘hit shal be done.’ ‘Steward! couer the boorde anone.’ 1496 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 166 John Swynborne styward—viij⁸. John Gylpyn coke—x^s. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. iv. 76 Their daily prouision..is prepared by a steward & a cooke. 1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 5 The Steward is to deliuer out the victuall, according to the Captaines directions. 1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Pantagruel's Voy.: 4th Bk. Wks. iv. xviii. 76 Poor Panurge..sat on the Deck all in a heap,..and..bawl'd out frightfully, Steward, Maistre d'Hostel,..pr'ythee let's have a piece of Powder'd Beef or Pork. 1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy I. ix. 127 But a cup of tea, and ship's biscuit and butter, I can desire the steward to get ready for you. 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iv. xii. 264 Talk of trades,..who wouldn't know your brother to be a Steward! There's..an air of reliability about him in case you wanted a basin, which points out the steward! 1883 W. C. Russell Sailors' Lang. 139 Steward, a saloon waiter. One who has charge of the stores. Those under him are called under~stewards. 1897 Punch 23 Jan. 37/1 Mr. Dibbles (en route for Paris. Sea choppy). Channel Tunnel not a bad idea... Steward! [Goes below.] e. One employed on a train to serve meals, drinks, etc., to passengers and to attend to other needs. Also, one with similar duties on a motor coach or aeroplane. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [noun] > server of food > steward or stewardess steward1906 stewardess1931 stew1970 society > travel > air or space travel > people who fly in aircraft or spacecraft > [noun] > crew of aircraft or spacecraft > aircraft cabin crew > members of air steward1922 air hostess1931 steward1931 stewardess1931 airline stewardess1933 air stewardess1936 hostess1936 airline steward1937 flight attendant1947 hostie1960 1906 Railway Epicurean July 9 Harvey's chefs and stewards have the food products of a continent at their command. 1915 Proc. Amer. Assoc. Dining Car Superintendents xv. 44 Instead of the steward asking, ‘All on one check?’ we instruct our stewards to, in a quiet way, get around to one of the party and ascertain whether one or more checks are desired. 1928 Lit. Digest 13 Oct. 70/3 The ‘Nitecoach’ carries a crew of three, driver, steward, and porter. 1931 Sci. Amer. Oct. 236/3 The steward, who now becomes the [airline] passenger's guide on land, is trained to supply any desired information. 1939 Flight 14 Dec. 490/1 The K.L.M. has found it wiser to employ stewards rather than Air Hostesses on the London line. 1955 F. O' Connor Wise Blood i. 15 There was a steward beckoning people to places and handing out menus. 1975 Economist 11 Jan. 20/2 The £100,000 placed in the plane at Heathrow was recovered and the only damage, to a luckless steward, was one police dog-bite. 1979 P. Theroux Old Patagonian Express iii. 59 It was the steward from the dining car... ‘Lunch!’ he yelled. ‘First call for lunch!’ 2. As the title of an officer of a royal household. a. gen. Originally, an officer with similar functions to the ‘steward’ of an ordinary household (see sense 1). After the Norman Conquest, the title was the English equivalent of the Old French seneschal, medieval Latin senescallus, dapifer, which, in England as on the Continent, had come to designate an office in the royal household held only by a great noble of the realm. Obsolete exc. Historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > chief > in royal household steward?a955 (Lord) Steward of the King's Household1428 Lord Chamberlain1464 Great Master1531 grand master1537 ?a955 K. Eadred's Will in Birch Cartul. Sax. III. 75 And ælcan gesettan discðegne and gesettan hræglðene and gesettan biriele hundeahtatig mancusa goldis... And ælcan gesettan stigweard þritig mancusa goldes. a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1120 Swyðe manega of þæs cynges hired, stiwardas, & burþenas, & byrlas. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3700 He hafde enne stiwarde [c1300 Otho stiward] þene wisseste mon of al þis ærde. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 13602 Neuere styward ne botyler þat serued kyng ne kayser, So wel halp at here power. a1350 S. Thomas 194 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 22 Þe kinges steward and als þe quene To Cristes law conuertid he clene. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3378 A stif man & a stern þat was þe kinges stiward, & cheueteyn was chose þat eschel to lede. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vi. 102 I will praye yow, that yef ye be kynge, that ye make my sone Kay youre stywarde. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Kings xviii. 18 Eliachim the sonne of Helchias the stewarde [L. præpositus domus]. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 140 Charles Maximilian Von Thurn, steward of the houshold to the empress-dowager Eleanora. b. (Lord) Steward of the King's Household n. A peer whose nominal duty it is to control the King's household above stairs, and to preside at the Board of Green Cloth (see green cloth n.). In early times he exercised important judicial functions. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > chief > in royal household steward?a955 (Lord) Steward of the King's Household1428 Lord Chamberlain1464 Great Master1531 grand master1537 c1400 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. Œuvres 1872 XVI. 23 Messire Thomas de Persy avoit esté ung grant temps souverain estuard de l'ostel du roy, c'est-à-dire en franchois maistre et sèneschal.] 1428 in Nicolas Proc. Privy Counc. (1834) III. 286 John Lord Typtot an off Powys sthuard off þe Kynges howse. 1532 Act 24 Hen. VIII c. 13 §1 The same Licence to be declared in writing by the Kinges Highnese, or the Lorde Stewarde of his most honorable Houshold. 1554 Act 1 Mary c. 4 It hathe now pleased the Quenes Majestie to..chaunge the name of the Greate Maister of her Highnes most honourable Houshold..into the name of the sayd Lorde Stuarde of her most honourable Householde. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. i. 18 The Duke of Suffolke is the first, and claimes To be high Steward. View more context for this quotation 1710 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 23) i. ii. 108 For the Civil Governement of the King's Court, the chief officer is Lord Steward. 3. a. (Lord High) Steward or †Great Steward of England. Recorded since the 15th cent. as: The title of a high officer of state, the earlier senescallus Angliae. Since the accession of Henry IV this officer has been appointed only on the occasion of a coronation, at which he presides, or for the trial of a peer, which takes place in the Court of the Lord High Steward if Parliament be not sitting.Originally this office seems to have carried little more than the privilege of waiting on the king's table, especially on state occasions. But it soon became hereditary in the earls of Leicester, and powers similar to those of the French seneschal were claimed for it by Simon de Montfort. This development was checked by the attainder of Simon, and the office finally fell in to the crown by the accession of its holder Henry IV. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > high officials of state > [noun] > Lord High Steward of England or Scotland Great Steward of England1454 Steward of Scotland1507 1454 Rolls of Parl. V. 249/2 Thomas erle of Devonshire, uppon an enditement of high treasons..afore Humfrey Duc of Bukingham, steward of Englond for that tyme assigned. 1522–3 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII c. 20 §1 Before Thomas Duke of Norffolk for that tyme oonely beyng greate Stuarde of Englande by the Kynges lettres patentis. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 27 Tho: Earle of Arundell & Surrey..was made high Stuard. 1710 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 23) i. ii. 83 The Lord High Steward of England or Vice-Roy. 1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. xix. 257 They usually (in case of an impeachment of a peer for treason) address the crown to appoint a lord high steward. 1842 J. G. Nichols in Gentleman's Mag. May 485/2 To the high office of Steward of England the Duke of Lancaster became entitled in right of his wife, on the death of his father in law Henry Duke of Lancaster in 1361. 1907 Harcourt His Grace the Steward 379 We may regard the Southampton trial as the true source of the court of the lord high steward. b. Steward of Scotland n. (also Lord High Steward of Scotland) Historical. The first officer of the Scottish King in early times; he had control of the royal household, great administrative powers, and the privilege of leading the army into battle. The office, described as senescallatus Scotiae in a charter of Malcolm IV, 1158, fell in to the crown upon the accession of Robert the Steward as Robert II, whence the name of the royal house of Stuart; but the title was given to the heir-apparent until the Union. Great Steward of Scotland is now a title of the Prince of Wales. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > high officials of state > [noun] > Lord High Steward of England or Scotland Great Steward of England1454 Steward of Scotland1507 1507 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 210 His derest son James, prince and stewart of Scotland. 1710 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 23) ii. ii. 411 The Lord High Steward of Scotland..was..in the old Charters, placed before the Constable and Mareschal. a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. i. iv. §10 57 We may here..add a few words concerning the office of Steward of Scotland. 1845 New Statist. Acct. Scotl. X. 497 Subsequently to his [sc. Malcolm's] time, we find the antiquated title of Abthane giving way to that of Steward of Scotland. 1875 H. J. S. Maine Lect. Early Hist. Inst. 139 The blood of the Steward of Scotland runs in the veins of the Kings of England. †4. A deputy-governor, vice-gerent. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > [noun] > deputy governor stewardc1275 lieutenant-governorc1595 vice-governor1598 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5881 Sende ich wulle to Aðionærd. þe is min aȝene stiward..for him ich habbe wel bi-tæht. Brutlond to witene. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 666 Þe wicke traitour godard, Þat was denema[r]k a stiward. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 435 Zephiron, Alisaundre his styward [L. præfectus Alexandri]. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 425 He..ordeynede stywardes [L. præsides] to governe þese londes. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ii. 24 The barons chosen Vortiger to be stwarde. figurative.?1436 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1903) 12 Souden of all Surry, Emperour of Babilon, Steward of Helle.?1436 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1903) 12 And whi þat I am Stiward of Helle: I lete you wite I haue alle gouernaunce of wicked mawmentries & wicked spirites.1645 W. Ball Tractatus de Jure Regnandi 7 A King of England is but in nature of an high Steward of the Kingdome by inheritance. 5. a. One who manages the affairs of an estate on behalf of his employer. ΘΚΠ society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > steward or bailiff in charge of another's property town-reeveeOE reeveeOE gravec1175 procuratorc1300 dispender1340 provost1340 bailiec1375 officerc1375 dispenserc1380 proctora1382 dispensator1382 farmerc1384 approverc1386 husbanda1387 stewardc1405 chamberlain1423 procurer1477 factor1520 bailiff1528 land-steward1535 improver1536 grieve1537 amtman1582 administrator1596 stead-man1609 dapifer1636 vogt1694 house jobber1709 commissioner1760 foreman1774 house agent1793 ground-officer1815 land-agent1846 wic-reeve1853 steadward1876 house farmer1882 house-knacker1884 land-sergeant1894 c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 581 Worthy to been Stywardes of rente and lond Of any lord that is in Engelond. c1420 Sir Amadace (Camden) i The stuard sayd, Sir, ȝe awe wele more Thenne ȝe may of ȝour londus rere, In faythe this seuyn ȝere. 1488 Maldon (Essex) Liber B f. 39 Robert Plomer,..chefe Styward of landis on-to lord Henry, Erle of Essex. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 11 Ouer my Gate I haue laide my Steward, from whence he may looke into the Court..and ouersee his neighbour the Bayly. 1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero I. vi. 456 The principal manager or steward of all his affairs. 1821 G. D'Oyly Life W. Sancroft I. 468 On the following day, the servants of his establishment were dismissed by the steward. 1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. iii. i. 447 We believe that the stewards of England, though inferior, perhaps, to the factors of Scotland, are a..useful body of men. 1892 F. P. Verney et al. Mem. Verney Family Civil War I. 14 The estate had been so long without a head, under the management of the steward. 1910 C. Shorter Highways & Byways Bucks. xvi. 177 The present Manor House..has long been given over to the Duke of Bedford's steward. b. steward of the manor: one who transacts the financial and legal business of a manor on behalf of the lord; he holds the manor-court in the lord's absence, and keeps a copy of its rolls, whence the name steward of copyhold. steward of the leet, steward of the hundred, steward of the haven-court, an official with similar functions in the leet, hundred, and haven courts. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > other officers of specific courts alderman1275 steward of the manor1303 Queen's (also King's) Proctor?a1425 remembrancer1451 augmentationer1550 associate1552 procurator-fiscal1564 proctor-fiscal1565 chafer1587 custos brevium1589 examiner1594 chafe-wax1607 exceptor1728 procurator general1740 Marshal of the (Court of) Admiralty1769 Pundit of the Supreme Court1827 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 5421 Stywardes..þat lordynges courtys holde. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. Prol. 96 Some..in stede of stuwardes sytten and demen. 1425 Rolls of Parl. IV. 306/2 Stuardus of Letus and Hundredis. 1531 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 186 William Marchall gentleman than being Steward of the seid Manour. c1537 in W. Rye Cromer (1889) 52 Henry Erle of Surrey High Stuard of the Kyngs Haven Courts in Cromer. a1563 V. Leigh Moste Profitable Sci. Surueying (1577) sig. G j^v Yerely Fees to any Receiuour..high Stewarde, or vnder Stewarde..to bee goyng out of a Mannour,..are called Reprises. c1600 Mannor & Court Baron (1909) 200 The Stewarde ys an offycer named by the Lorde, and his offyce ys to directe the sewtors by order of lawe to recorde and regester the plees and Judgements of the Courte... And he is not Judge there but Recorder or clerke as shalbe sayde for he cannot quash an Essoin nor doe any other thinge withoute the assente of the Sewtors. 1791 J. Ritson Jurisd. Court-Leet Introd. p. viii The Leet is a court of record... It is held before the Steward..of the Lord. 1864 S. P. Fox Kingsbridge 3 The Manor of Kingsbridge belongs to John Scobell, Esq...whose Steward holds a Court Leet and Court Baron here. 1897 E. Howlett in W. Andrews' Legal Lore 93 The steward also usually presides at the copyhold courts of the manor. c. The title of: The administrator, often with merely nominal duties, of certain estates of the Crown, as Steward of Blackburn Hundred, †Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster. For Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, see Chiltern n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > high officials of state > [noun] > Steward of specific Duchy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster1444 1444 Rolls of Parl. V. 106/1 The Styward of the Duche of Lancastre. c1472 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 26 To our right trustie & welbeloved Sir William Plompton, knight, Stuard of the lordshipp of Spofford. 1499 in N. Riding Rec. (1894) New Ser. I. 130 To..Sir Ric^d Chomley, Stuard of oure lordship of Pykeryng. 1600 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 383 Out of Blacborne hundreth, whereof y^r maiestie haith made him the stuarde. d. In Scotland: A magistrate originally appointed by the king to administer the crown lands forming a stewartry n.; see quot. 1754. principal stewart, such an official as distinguished from the stewart-depute, to whom part of the duties were usually delegated. Obsolete exc. Historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > chief magistrate of a district > [noun] > steward in Scotland steward1432 1432 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 21 The lorde of the regalite or his stewart or balȝe. 1473–4 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 10 Item of the Stewarte of Kirkcudbrith lx li. c1575 J. Balfour Practicks (1754) 16 Stewartis and Stewartreis. Stratherne, Lord Drummond. 1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. i. 284 The Sheriffs, Lords of Regalities, and Stewarts, are declared Judges competent to this Crime. a1688 J. Wallace Descr. Orkney (1693) 88 The Government of the Stewart is in the Kings Bounds, the Manner and Procedure of his Jurisdiction is after the form of Sheriffship, the Title only differing. 1708 Procl. 18 Aug. in London Gaz. No. 4464/4 We..ordain.. Our Solicitor to Dispatch Copies thereof to the Sheriffs of the several Shires, Stewarts of Stewartries. 1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. I. 38 The Stewart was the magistrate appointed by the King, over such regality-lands as happened to fall to the Crown by forfeiture, &c.; and therefore the Stewart's jurisdiction was equal to that of a regality. a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. i. iv. §10 56 Regality-deputes were sometimes called stewards; but steward, in the strict sense, signified a magistrate appointed by the King over special lands belonging to himself. 1901 R. De B. Trotter Galloway Gossip Eighty Years Ago 236 Davie..summons't the laird for the price o' the hooses, but he made naething o't, for the Steward said he had nae writins on't. 1912 A. Porteous Hist. Crieff ii. 32 The office of dapifer, seneschal, or steward, of Strathearn. e. Steward of the High Peak: see quot. 1851. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > one who presides at a court > specific (Lord) Warden of the Stannaries1485 feudary1495 vice-warden1536 Master of the Wards (and Liveries)1561 feudatary1607 Steward of the High Peak1653 1653 E. Manlove Liberties & Customes Lead-mines Derby 199 The Dutchie Court..may appoint a Steward, that may try The Cause again upon the minery. 1851 Act 14 & 15 Victoria c. 94 §3 To be called the Steward of the High Peak Barmote Courts, and such Steward shall hold his Office during the Will and Pleasure of Her Majesty. 6. figurative. (From senses 1, 5) An administrator and dispenser of wealth, favours, etc.; esp. one regarded as the servant of God or of the people.Partly after Biblical uses, in which the word represents Greek οἰκονόμος, Latin dispensator. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > [noun] > giver > giver out or dispenser steward?c900 issuerc1484 dispensator1489 dispenser1526 disposer1526 doler1593 society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [noun] > of God or the people steward?c900 ?c900 Solil. Augustine in Cockayne Shrine (1864) 176 Me þincð betere þæt ic forlete þa gyfe and folgyge þam gyfan ðe me egðer ys stiward ge ðas welan ge eac hys freonscypes. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 283 Luue is heouene stiward. c1450 How Good Wijf (Lamb. 853) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 37 Ȝeue of þin owne good, and be not to hard, For seelden is þat hous poore þere god is steward. 1539 Bible (Great) 1 Cor. iv. 1 Let a man thys wyse esteme vs, euen as y^e minysters of Christ, and stewardes of the secretes of God. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. x. 167 God hath made him rich, that he as a faithful steward might bestowe those riche blessings vpon the familie..of God. 1594 A. Hume Treat. Felicitie sig. A6 The Lord is a wise and discreet stewart, & dispensator of his benefits. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 v. iii. 130 Master Shallow, my lord Shalow, be what thou wilt, I am fortunes steward . View more context for this quotation 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey i. 32 Luxury being the steward, and the treasure vnexhaustable. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. i. vii. 257 He [the king] is the steward of the public, to dispense it [justice] to whom it is due. 1767 W. Harte Amaranth 177 Just steward of the bounty he receiv'd, And dying poorer than the poor reliev'd! 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 19 A man of business and a vigilant steward of the public money. 7. a. An officer in a guild, usually ranking next to the alderman; also Historical often as a rendering of Latin senescallus, ONF. eskevein: see skevin n. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > guild of medieval origin > a member > official steward10.. aldermanc1316 dean of guild1389 master1389 skevin1389 warden1389 searcher1417 quartermaster1556 grand master1615 jurat1714 10.. in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 278 & gyf he on neawyste forðfaren sy warnige man þone stiwerd to hwylcere stowe þæt lic sceole & se stiwerd warnige syððan ða gegyldan. 1432 in F. A. Hibbert Orig. Eng. Gilds (1891) 46 The Stywardes and Maistres of the saide Crafte. 1494 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 188 The Stuarde off the Gilde for the tyme beyng shall truly countrolle them y^t ben absente. 1870 L. Toulmin Smith Eng. Gilds Introd. p. ciii There was an alderman at the head of the Gild, and often stewards by his side as assistants. b. In certain City companies: One of two or more officers, who are charged with the arrangements for the annual dinner. Cf. sense 10. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > specific societies or organizations > [noun] > other specific associations or organizations > members of steward1614 Tityre1648 hougher1712 sea-sergeant1744 Molly Maguire1867 Molly1877 buff1879 woodward1886 Downsman1924 lions1949 cruelty man1954 Muslim Brother1957 1614 in W. M. Williams Ann. Founders' Co. (1867) 90 That..Master Wardens, Assistants, and Livery should pay to the Stewards for the providing of dynner on the day of the Master's Feast the some of Two Shillings each. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1671 (1955) III. 587 I dined..at the fraternity feast in yron-mongers hall, where the 4 stewards chose their successors..they drank to the new <stewards>..and so we parted. 1796 in W. M. Williams Ann. Founders' Co. (1867) 165 That as two stewards, properly enabled to serve the office, cannot be immediately fixed upon, the annual dinner, on Lord Mayor's day, be omitted. c. In various societies, the title of certain officers forming an executive committee. Cf. sense 10. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > [noun] > member > official master1389 pass-master1762 past master1762 steward1831 1831 in J. C. Whyte's Hist. Brit. Turf (1840) I. 145 At a meeting of the Stewards and Members of the Jockey Club, it was stated that [etc.]. 1910 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 732/2 Sport is carried on under the auspices of the Jockey Club... Three stewards, one of whom retires each year,..govern the..work of the club... The stewards of the Jockey Club are ex officio stewards of Ascot, Epsom, Goodwood and Doncaster. All other meetings are controlled by stewards, usually well-known patrons of the Turf invited to act by the projectors of the fixture. 8. A corporation official, whose rank and duties vary widely in different muncipalities; often with a defining word, as capital steward, city steward, town steward. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > other municipal officials > [noun] > steward city steward1433 1433 Rolls of Parl. IV. 477/1 The Styward of the seid Town. 1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. i. 188 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXIII. 1 The Steward [of Cardiff]..is required to be learned in the law. 1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. i. 613 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXIII. 1 The Capital Steward [of South Molton]..has neither duties nor emoluments. 1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. ii. 1275 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXIII. 133 The Town Steward [of Dorchester] is the treasurer of the corporation. 1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. iii. 1741 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXIV. 1 Previous to the year 1714, the city steward [of York] was appointed by the upper house. 9. high steward n. (see also 3). a. In the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the title (in academic Latin seneschallus) of a judicial officer, in whom is vested the jurisdiction belonging to the university in causes of treason and felony. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > judicial officer at Oxford or Cambridge high steward1459 1459 in Munim. Acad. (Rolls) I. 345 If the same prisoner be claymed by the said Chaunceller or his styward..within iv. wykes next after his takyng and imprisonyng in the common prison of the town. c1674 A. Wood Fasti Oxoniensis (1790) 180 The Office of Steward in this University concerning the capital and chief causes of Scholars and privileged persons, King Henry IV..did institute. 1714 J. Ayliffe Antient & Present State Univ. Oxf. II. iii. ii. 166 The Lord High Steward..is to hold and keep the University Court-Leet..either by himself, or his Under-Steward,..and on Account of this Office, the High Steward receives the yearly Fee of five Pounds from the University. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 684 The trial of treason, felony, and mayhem, by a particular charter, is committed to the university jurisdiction in..the court of the lord high steward of the university. a1824 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XVI. 184 [(Officers of the University of) Cambridge] A High Steward, who has special power to take the trial of scholars impeached of felony, and to hold and keep a court-leet within the university. 1845 G. R. M. Ward tr. Oxf. Univ. Statutes I. 178 The office of High Steward or Deputy High Steward of the University. 1895 H. Rashdall Univ. Europe in Middle Ages II. ii. 409 Henry IV [in 1406] gave the University [of Oxford] the right to claim the surrender of ‘privileged persons’ indicted for felony, who were thereupon to be tried by a newly-constituted officer of the University, the Seneschal or Steward, to be appointed by the Chancellor. 1895 H. Rashdall Univ. Europe in Middle Ages II. ii. 790 The jurisdiction of the Court of the High Steward of the University [of Oxford]..remains intact, but the privilege has never been claimed for a century or more. †b. An official having at the inthronization of an archbishop ceremonial functions similar to those of the Lord High Steward at a coronation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > archbishop > [noun] > official at consecration of high steward15.. 15.. in W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum (1817) I. 118/1 He shoulde be the hye stewarde of the sayde archbyshop, and of his successors, at their great feast, when it shoulde fortune the sayde archbyshoppe to be intronizated. c. In certain English cities, a municipal title of dignity, usually borne by a nobleman or royal prince. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > other municipal officials > [noun] > high steward high steward1563 1563 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 306 Sir Francis Knollis, Knyght, was chosen stuarde of this Cytie of Oxford this the third day of February, 1563. 1582 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 199 The Earle of Rutland beinge Highe Steward. 1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. i. 59 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXIII. 1 The present lord high steward [of Gloucester] is His Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester. 1914 Kelly's Oxf. Directory 142 High Steward [of the city of Oxford], the Right Hon. the Earl of Jersey. 10. A person appointed to supervise the arrangements or maintain order at a race meeting, exhibition, dinner, ball, concert, public gathering, etc. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > [noun] > person appointed to supervise arrangements steward1703 1703 London Gaz. No. 3949/4 The Horses to be shewn at the George in Amsbury.., and to be entred by the Steward. 1709 F. Atterbury Serm. Sons of Clergy Ded. (heading) To the Worshipful Mr. John Tenison [and others] Stewards for the Late Feast of the Sons of the Clergy. 1751 Laws of Mus. Soc. at Castle-Tavern, Pater-noster-row 13 The Stewards shall observe the Directions herein after mentioned..for preserving good Order at the Concerts. 1812 Examiner 23 Aug. 542/1 He himself was one of the Stewards of that dinner! 1841 J. W. Orderson Creoleana vi. 62 It was customary for the stewards..to arrange the order of the minuets. 1854 Poultry Chron. 2 330/2 Fill up the delivery order, stating how the birds are to be returned. The stewards will pack them after the show. 1910 [see sense 7c]. 1915 Morning Post 7 Dec. 4/3 The meeting was perfectly quiet..until one or two of the stewards..attempted to remove four or five Colonial soldiers. 11. An overseer of workmen. In modern use, the ‘underlooker’ of a colliery, ‘who receives his orders from the manager, and to whom the overmen and deputies report upon the state of the mine’ (Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining, 1883); also, in Scotland, the foreman of a workshop. Also occasionally = shop steward n. at shop n., adj., and int. Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > overseer or foreman stewarda1400 surveyorc1440 supervisorc1454 overlookera1513 workmaster1525 supervisora1529 foreman1574 superintendent1575 overman1606 headman1725 overseer1766 gang leader1775 hagmaster1797 maistry1798 gangsman1803 kangany1817 capataz1826 gangman1830 ganger1836 gaffer1841 gang boss1863 ramrod1881 charge-man1885 mandor1885 captain1886 overganger1887 ephor1890 pusher1901 gangster1913 line manager1960 society > occupation and work > worker > those involved in labour relations > [noun] > member of trade union > shop steward shop steward1854 union representative1873 walking delegate1889 steward1943 union rep1948 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5525 On þam þe king sett sere stuward [L. magistros operum] To hald þam in-to werkes hard. 1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 15 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) Six Pence per Corfe,..which is Deducted..by the Steward or Pay-Master. 1916 Observer 9 Jan. 12/2 The fact that Logan had strong trades union views is nothing exceptional for a shop's steward. 1943 Sun (Baltimore) 13 Oct. 8/4 Union local stewards..voted to end their stoppage. 1977 Times 6 May 1/6 The stewards are also pointing out that they are at one with management. 12. Among Methodists, a layman appointed to manage the financial affairs of a congregation ( society or chapel steward) or of a circuit ( circuit steward). Also book steward, the manager of the Book-room or publication department of the Wesleyan Methodist Society; poor steward, a person appointed in a congregation to administer the funds collected for the poor. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > steward > [noun] steward1741 society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > manager of book room or publication department > [noun] book steward1896 1741 J. Wesley Jrnl. 23 May (1749) 85 The Stewards of the Society (who receive and expend what is contributed weekly). 1771 J. Wesley Jrnl. 31 Mar. (1777) 22 In the Methodist discipline, the wheels regularly stand thus: the assistant, the preachers, the stewards, the leaders, the people. 1896 Daily News 10 Mar. 5/3 The Rev. C. H. Kelly, the book steward, who is still prosecuting his searches in the Archives of the Wesleyan Book Room. 1904 Daily Chron. 15 Feb. 3/5 Mr. Slack is an active member of the Wesleyan Methodist body... He is circuit-steward of the West London Mission. Compounds C1. General attributive. (In sense 5d.) steward-clerk n. ΚΠ 1912 A. Porteous Hist. Crieff ii. 48 Other officials connected with the Steward Court were: the Judge or Judex, the Steward Depute, the Steward Clerk, the Doomster or Deemster. C2. steward boy n. = house boy n. at house n.¹ and int. Compounds 10. ΚΠ 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 613 Assisting Idabea and the steward boys in chivying this pig. 1962 Sat. Evening Post 5 May 80/3 Her evening spent in helping Fossey's old stewardboy to beat carpets. 1977 Daily Times (Lagos) 25 Feb. 22/4 (advt.) Driver, Steward boy, Houseboy, wanted. steward-depute n. see 5d. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > chief magistrate of a district > [noun] > steward in Scotland > steward-depute steward-deputea1600 a1600 in W. Nicolson Leges Marchiarum (1705) 202 Ane wise and famous Gentleman,..to be Stewart Deput. 1824 G. Chalmers Caledonia III. iii. v. 247 In 1747 this stewartry was placed under a stewart~depute. steward-room n. (also steward's room) see quots. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > room, locker, or quarters > [noun] > storage room or compartment > for provisions steward-room1626 1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 11 The Stewards roome. 1644 H. Mainwaring Sea-mans Dict. 102 Stewards-Roome, is that part of the Howlde, wherein the Victuals are Stowed. 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 153 Steward's room, an apartment built on the larboard side of the after platform, whence the purser's steward issues the provisions to the ship's company, and where he makes up his accounts. steward's mate n. the assistant of a ship's steward. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > one dealing with provisions or distribution of stewardc1450 scaffmaster1555 steward's mate1708 Jack of the Dust1821 pantry boy1839 Jimmy Ducks1849 bung1863 Jack Dusty1915 1708 London Gaz. No. 4440/1 The..Stewards Mate, Cooks Mate,..and Marine-Soldiers, two Eighth Parts. steward's table n. (see quot. 1758). ΚΠ 1758 (title) Treatise on the Use and Abuse of the Second, commonly called the Steward's Table, in Families of the First Rank. † stewart-compt n. Scottish Obsolete the statement of the accounts of a stewartry. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > other types of statement stewart-compt1580 book account1649 account stateda1683 ledger-account1738 bank statement1824 pay bill1828 cost sheet1840 average-statement1865 reconciliation statement1866 swindle sheet1906 exposure draft1971 1580 Exch. Rolls Scot. XXI. 549 I am restand awand in my stewart compt of Menteyth the sowme of 32 pundis. stewart-court n. (also steward-court) Scottish the court having jurisdiction within a stewartry; also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court of shire or part of shire > in Scotland head court1410 stewart-court1475 circuit-court1708 1475 in 3rd Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1872) App. 418 in Parl. Papers (C. 673) XXXIII. 337 Vylzam reyd, dempstar of the stewart curt of Stratherne. a1600 in W. Nicolson Leges Marchiarum (1705) 202 First that he..charge him within the Stewart-Court Book. 1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 287 The several Officers in the Sheriff or Stewart-courts are prohibited to take..any other or higher Fees. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022). stewardv. Brit. /ˈstjuːəd/, /ˈstʃuːəd/, U.S. /ˈst(j)uərd/ Etymology: < steward n. 1. transitive. To manage, administer. ΘΚΠ society > authority > delegated authority > action or function of a delegate or deputy > act as deputy for [verb (transitive)] > manage on behalf of another ward1390 steward1621 agitate1634 1621 Bp. H. King Serm. 25 Nov. To Rdr. L 3 b Whether I haue vprightly stewarded his honour, and my owne faith, I leaue to the strict iudgement of any who are able to..discerne Truth from Imposture. 1626 J. Yates Ibis ad Cæsarem i. To Rdr. The Athenian Commander,.. having ill stewarded the Treasury of the Commonwealth. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xxxi. 85 Did he thus requite his mothers care in stewarding the State? 1905 Daily Chron. 22 Sept. 4/5 A race..who may..steward aright the mighty heritage which is passing into their hands. 2. intransitive. To do the duties of a steward. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > be in domestic service [verb (intransitive)] > do duties of steward steward1897 1897 J. Chalmers in R. Lovett Autobiog. & Lett. (1902) 434 We have with us two boys to cook and stward for us. Derivatives ˈstewarding n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > delegated authority > action or function of a delegate or deputy > [noun] > management on behalf of another or stewardship bailliec1305 bailieshipc1375 dispensingc1380 dispensationc1384 dispending1388 procuracya1425 procuration1484 umboth1509 stewardship1526 proctorship1535 stewarding1548 bailiwick1550 farmership1551 factory1560 agency1600 bailiffwick1605 agentship1608 factorage1639 proctorage1641 oeconomacy1651 soliciting1663 stewartrya1763 factordom1888 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke vi. f. 17–19 To whom the dispensacion & stewardyng of goddes woorde is to be committed. 1602 in T. G. Law Archpriest Controv. (1896) I. 232 Every baker or brewer, for stewarding and treasuringe..must, by this newe device, be made equall with you. 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iv. xii. 264 As for stewarding, I think it's time my brother gave that up. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?c900v.1548
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stewardn.

Compounds

stewardv.

Derivatives