Stonehengen.

Brit.

/ˌstəʊnˈhɛn(d)ʒ/, U.S.

/ˈstoʊnˌ(h)ɛndʒ/

Forms:

α. 1600s–1700s Stonage.

β. 1600s– Stonehenge.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Stonehenge.

Etymology: < Stonehenge, the name of a megalithic monument on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England. Compare later stone circle n. Compare also later henge n.The monument and its name. The monument (as visible above ground) consists of a circular earthwork with an internal ditch (compare henge n.) and several stone settings, including two concentric circles of different ages inside the earthwork; the more prominent of these consists of large upright sarsen slabs (see sarsen n.), some of which are connected by horizontal lintels. The English place name is attested earliest in Latin and French contexts; compare the following examples and the passage in Wace discussed below:c1130–55 Henry of Huntingdon Historia Anglorum (1996) i. vii. 22 Quatuor autem sunt, que mira uidentur in Anglia... Secundum est, apud Stanenges ubi lapides mire magnitudinis in modum portarum eleuati sunt.c1136 Geoffrey of Monmouth Hist. Regum Britanniae (1929) xi. 4. 503 Iuxta Utherpendragon infra lapidum structuram sepultus fuit, que haut longe a Salesbiria mira arte composita, Anglorum lingua Stanheng [v. rr. Stanhenge, Stanheg] nuncupatur. The current form of the place name goes back to at least the 15th cent.; other early forms include: Stonhenge (c1300 in the Otho MS of Laȝamon's Brut), and (underlying the α. forms) Stonege (a1549 or earlier), Stonedge (1565 or earlier), Stonage (1640 or earlier); such reduced forms of the second element may partly reflect association with words in -age suffix (with later use of α. forms perhaps compare stonage n.). In early uses, the name also often appears in the plural, or with a definite article. The name is a compound of stone n. and an element of uncertain origin, probably related to hang v. It is often taken to be a reflex of Old English hengen (a derivative of the base of hang v., probably pronounced with affricate /dʒ/), which denotes various instruments of torture (to which the sufferer is attached); in the context of Stonehenge, this may have referred to a gallows, since some of the stone settings resemble an early medieval gallows (there is also some evidence that Stonehenge may have been used as a place of execution at that period). Alternatively, it has been suggested that the second element reflects a (related) unattested Old English form *hencg (on which see hinge n.; perhaps compare also henge-clif overhanging cliff). The name was associated directly with hang v. from a very early date, compare e.g. Wace's translation of the name Stanhenges into Old French as pieres pendues , literally ‘hanging stones’ (1155; perhaps compare hanging adj. 2). Compare also the following (translating a work of 1586):1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 251 Certaine mighty and unwrought stones,..upon the heads of which, others like ouerthwart peeces do beare and rest crossewise,..so as the whole frame seemeth to hang: whereof we call it Stonehenge [L. pensile videatur opus, unde Stonehenge nobis nuncupatur].

Something resembling or compared to Stonehenge, esp. a stone circle or other megalithic monument.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [noun] > structure or erection > stone > circle > Stonehenge

tresche of giantsc1290

Stonehenge1647

α.

1647 G. Tooke Belides 39 As who with skill,..his journey manage will, Does often from the beaten road withdraw, Or to behold a Stonage,..or else to demurre A while within some Minster, and consider The Monuments.

1725 Disc. Stone-henge in Peter Langtoft's Chron. II. 505 The Isralites..did, by God's command, erect a Stonage of twelve Stones in the midst of Jordan.

β. 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. xii. 244 (margin) The Iewish Stone henge [main text The twelve great stones set up by Joshua in memoriall that there they passed over the river Jordan on foot].a1722 J. Toland Coll. Several Pieces (1726) I. 23 Hard by is her Temple; being a sort of diminutive Stonehenge.1801 J. Barrow Acct. Trav. Interior S. Afr. 1797–8 I. 373 The..fragments..rolling from the upper ridges, had tumbled on each other, forming natural..colonnades, and Stonehenges.1871 S. Kneeland Wonders of Yosemite Valley & Calif. 48 The gloom and absolute silence of these majestic groves, prepares one to expect processions of ancient Druids.., and to come upon some previously-undiscovered Stonehenge in these magnificent solitudes.1924 Punch 6 Aug. 154/2 Happy Orcadians, then, to be able..to wander out in the moonlight or the fog and have a look at their own Stonehenge... And the best of all must be that in the case of the Orkney Stonehenge there is no charge of sixpence for admission.1995 A. Blackburn Suddenly Mortal Splendor i. 28 He munched a hunk of salami, ravenously, with a Stonehenge of teeth.2017 Yorks. Evening Post (Nexis) 24 Feb. Yorkshire's own Stonehenge may be made out of gritstone as old as the earth itself.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	stonehenge
释义	Stonehengen. Brit. /ˌstəʊnˈhɛn(d)ʒ/, U.S. /ˈstoʊnˌ(h)ɛndʒ/ Forms: α. 1600s–1700s Stonage. β. 1600s– Stonehenge. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Stonehenge. Etymology: < Stonehenge, the name of a megalithic monument on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England. Compare later stone circle n. Compare also later henge n.The monument and its name. The monument (as visible above ground) consists of a circular earthwork with an internal ditch (compare henge n.) and several stone settings, including two concentric circles of different ages inside the earthwork; the more prominent of these consists of large upright sarsen slabs (see sarsen n.), some of which are connected by horizontal lintels. The English place name is attested earliest in Latin and French contexts; compare the following examples and the passage in Wace discussed below:c1130–55 Henry of Huntingdon Historia Anglorum (1996) i. vii. 22 Quatuor autem sunt, que mira uidentur in Anglia... Secundum est, apud Stanenges ubi lapides mire magnitudinis in modum portarum eleuati sunt.c1136 Geoffrey of Monmouth Hist. Regum Britanniae (1929) xi. 4. 503 Iuxta Utherpendragon infra lapidum structuram sepultus fuit, que haut longe a Salesbiria mira arte composita, Anglorum lingua Stanheng [v. rr. Stanhenge, Stanheg] nuncupatur. The current form of the place name goes back to at least the 15th cent.; other early forms include: Stonhenge (c1300 in the Otho MS of Laȝamon's Brut), and (underlying the α. forms) Stonege (a1549 or earlier), Stonedge (1565 or earlier), Stonage (1640 or earlier); such reduced forms of the second element may partly reflect association with words in -age suffix (with later use of α. forms perhaps compare stonage n.). In early uses, the name also often appears in the plural, or with a definite article. The name is a compound of stone n. and an element of uncertain origin, probably related to hang v. It is often taken to be a reflex of Old English hengen (a derivative of the base of hang v., probably pronounced with affricate /dʒ/), which denotes various instruments of torture (to which the sufferer is attached); in the context of Stonehenge, this may have referred to a gallows, since some of the stone settings resemble an early medieval gallows (there is also some evidence that Stonehenge may have been used as a place of execution at that period). Alternatively, it has been suggested that the second element reflects a (related) unattested Old English form hencg (on which see hinge n.; perhaps compare also henge-clif* overhanging cliff). The name was associated directly with hang v. from a very early date, compare e.g. Wace's translation of the name Stanhenges into Old French as pieres pendues , literally ‘hanging stones’ (1155; perhaps compare hanging adj. 2). Compare also the following (translating a work of 1586):1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 251 Certaine mighty and unwrought stones,..upon the heads of which, others like ouerthwart peeces do beare and rest crossewise,..so as the whole frame seemeth to hang: whereof we call it Stonehenge [L. pensile videatur opus, unde Stonehenge nobis nuncupatur]. Something resembling or compared to Stonehenge, esp. a stone circle or other megalithic monument. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [noun] > structure or erection > stone > circle > Stonehenge tresche of giantsc1290 Stonehenge1647 α. 1647 G. Tooke Belides 39 As who with skill,..his journey manage will, Does often from the beaten road withdraw, Or to behold a Stonage,..or else to demurre A while within some Minster, and consider The Monuments. 1725 Disc. Stone-henge in Peter Langtoft's Chron. II. 505 The Isralites..did, by God's command, erect a Stonage of twelve Stones in the midst of Jordan. β. 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. xii. 244 (margin) The Iewish Stone henge [main text The twelve great stones set up by Joshua in memoriall that there they passed over the river Jordan on foot].a1722 J. Toland Coll. Several Pieces (1726) I. 23 Hard by is her Temple; being a sort of diminutive Stonehenge.1801 J. Barrow Acct. Trav. Interior S. Afr. 1797–8 I. 373 The..fragments..rolling from the upper ridges, had tumbled on each other, forming natural..colonnades, and Stonehenges.1871 S. Kneeland Wonders of Yosemite Valley & Calif. 48 The gloom and absolute silence of these majestic groves, prepares one to expect processions of ancient Druids.., and to come upon some previously-undiscovered Stonehenge in these magnificent solitudes.1924 Punch 6 Aug. 154/2 Happy Orcadians, then, to be able..to wander out in the moonlight or the fog and have a look at their own Stonehenge... And the best of all must be that in the case of the Orkney Stonehenge there is no charge of sixpence for admission.1995 A. Blackburn Suddenly Mortal Splendor i. 28 He munched a hunk of salami, ravenously, with a Stonehenge of teeth.2017 Yorks. Evening Post (Nexis) 24 Feb. Yorkshire's own Stonehenge may be made out of gritstone as old as the earth itself. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1647
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