stonyadj.
/ˈstəʊni/, U.S. /ˈstoʊni/ 1. † c. Of fruits: Having a stone; also, abounding in stone-like seeds. Obsolete.
a. Abounding in, or having the character of, stone or rock; full of rocks; rocky. Now rare or Obsolete.† Stony sea: the Adriatic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > ground > [adjective] > stony
stonyc975
calculosec1420
carbunculine?1440
stanneryc1440
hasky1649
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > [adjective] > abounding in stone
stonyc975
c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xiii. 5 Þæt oþere þonne gefeollon on stanig lond.
c1325 Metr. Hom. 52 That gat that ledes Til hel..es stany and thornye Wit couaitys, and glotounye, [etc.].
c1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Acts xxvii. 27 In the stoony see [L. in Adria].
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) viii. 19 The wey toward the cite was stony, þorny, and scroggy.
a1500 Medulla Gram. Adriaticus, stonye.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark iv. f. xlviij Some [seed] fell on a stony [1611 on stony; R.V. 1881 on the rocky] grounde: where it had not moche erth.
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 92 Hee betooke himselfe to a stony place of a reasonable height.
1709 T. Robinson Ess. Nat. Hist. Westmorland & Cumberland xv. 87 Those high, steep, and stony Mountains, which are called the Skrees.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Mariana in South (rev. ed.) iv, in Poems (new ed.) I. 89 Day increased from heat to heat, On stony drought and steaming salt.
b. Full of or abounding in stones; containing many stones.
ΚΠ
c1400 Promptorium Parvulorum 477/1 Stony, or full of stonys, lapidosus, petrosus.
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. xiii. 38 In stony grounde ek loueth he to stonde.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Calculosus locus, a stonye place.
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 260 Eels commonly abscond themselves under stones in stony Waters.
1765 Museum Rusticum 4 219 He excludes both stoney and clayey soils from the use of his plough.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 587 A gravelly soil consists chiefly of small stones from the size of a pea to that of a walnut, but when a large proportion of the stones are of the latter size or larger, the land is said to be stony.
1855 Ld. Tennyson Brook in Maud & Other Poems 103 I chatter over stony ways.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [adjective] > having or not having a stone
stoned1513
stony1585
polypyrene1693
polypyrenous1706
kernelled1719
stoneless1815
drupaceous1822
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 97/1 Pomum calculosum, lapidosum,..stonie fruite, or such fruit as hath a grauellie core.
1681 T. Langford Plain Instr. Fruit-trees xiv. 135 The English [Quince] is the most stony.
1683 J. Poyntz Present Prospect Tobago 8 Guavers are a Fruit that's very stony.
1785 W. Cowper Task i. 120 I fed on scarlet hips and stony haws.
2. † a. Made of stone. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [adjective] > made of stone
stonena900
stonyc1384
stoneda1400
stone1420
rock-built1596
stonern1753
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Cor. iii. 3 Writun..not in stoony [a1425 L.V. stony, stonen] tablis but in fleischly tablis of herte.
c1447–8 Shillingford Lett. (Camden) 85 Wher was never no stale but a stony walle.
1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Eiij Euen as Moses receyued the same [law] of God in stony tables.
1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. G6v A faire stonie Bridge.
a1625 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Two Noble Kinsmen (1634) v. i. 55 The stony girthes of Citties. View more context for this quotation
1776 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 382 Another noise..like the rattling of a great cart, upon a stony pavement.
b. Of the nature of stone.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > [adjective]
lapidial1599
lapideous1646
saxatile1651
petrous1657
petrose1661
saxeous1671
stony1723
petrific1759
lapidose1807
lithoidal1833
lithoid1841
1723 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth (ed. 3) 78 The Stoney Matter of the Strata.
1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xiii. 297 Ordinary earthy or stony matter.
1871 G. MacDonald Sonnets conc. Jesus xiv When the soaring skylark sings How shall the stony statue strain to hear?
c. Consisting of stones; occasionally inflicted by stones. Chiefly poetic. Perhaps Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > [adjective] > consisting of stone(s)
stonyc1595
lithic1862
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxxix. 8 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 113 Ierusalem..hath suffred..vtter wrack, To stony heapes hir buildings turned.
1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. K5 A certaine stony circle that appeareth a little aboue the ground.
1657 N. Billingsley Brachy-martyrologia iv. 19 Holy Steven Did through a Stony-volley go to heaven.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis ix, in tr. Virgil Wks. 496 His golden Helm gives way: with stony blows Batter'd.
1736 T. Gray Let. 8 May in Corr. T. Gray & W. Mason (1853) 3 Batter Cadmus' walls with stony showers.
d. Of a meteorite or meteoritic material consisting mostly of silicates and other non-metals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > constellation > comet or meteor > meteor > [adjective] > meteorite > aerolite
stony1802
aerolitic1850
oligosideric1881
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > a stone > [adjective] > meteorite
stony1802
meteorolitic1824
aerolitic1850
siderolithic1857
meteoritic1865
chondritic1866
oligosideric1881
meteorital1889
stony-iron1918
micrometeoritic1958
nakhlitic1963
1802 Philos. Mag. 13 23 (heading) Experiments and observations on certain stony and metalline substances which at different times are said to have fallen upon the earth.
1866 Catal. of Meteorites (Geol. Survey of India) 8 Two classes of meteorites or solid bodies which have been known to fall to the earth's surface, namely, 1st, stony masses, or aërolites, (often with particles of iron)—and 2nd, masses chiefly iron, or aërosiderites.
1898 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 155 63 It seems probable that certain of the stony meteorites that have been found are really the matrices in which some of the iron nodules, formed perhaps many miles distant, were embedded at the moment they entered our atmosphere.
1926 E. A. Fath Elem. Astron. xiv. 196 The three classes have the following general composition:..Iron Meteorites... Stony-iron Meteorites... Stony Meteorites.—These consist essentially of silicate minerals with minor amounts of metallic alloys and sulphides.
1981 Times 23 Jan. 14/5 The fossil falls into the class known as ‘H-chondrite’, stony meteorites containing a large amount of iron.
3. Pertaining or relating to stone or stones. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > [adjective] > relating to stone
petrean1803
stony1847
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iii. 64 Chattering stony names Of shale and hornblende, rag and trap and tuff, Amygdaloid and trachyte.
1849 H. Miller Foot-prints of Creator 302 The stony science.
1864 J. Ruskin in Reader IV. 678/1 I..have been at stony work ever since, as I could find time.
4.
a. Resembling stone in consistence; hard like stone; very hard.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > [adjective] > very
iron-hardOE
bone?a1300
adamantinea1382
stony?1523
adamant1535
steel-harda1560
buff-hard1589
steely1596
diamantine1605
steela1607
rocked1610
Brazil1635
adamantean1671
osseousa1682
iron1708
ferreous1774
rock-likea1793
cast iron1886
bone-hard1924
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xlv A peer or a warden wolde be graffed in a pyrre stocke:..and some men graffe them in a whyte thorne, and than it woll be the more harder and stony.
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cv. 65 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 164 Noe rayny cloude but breakes in stony haile.
1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 60 in Sylva Set all sorts of Kernels and stony Seeds.
1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom (abridged ed.) 470 A layer of stony granules, which form an extremely indurated crust.
1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) ii. i. 323 The thin, hard, stoney wine.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 884 Formation of a stony concretion..in the nose..a rhinolith.
b. Of a quality (as hardness, colour): Like that of stone.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > [adjective] > brownish grey
bice1330
butternut1772
stone-coloured1772
stone1848
ficelle-coloured1882
oatmeal1885
moleskin-coloured1903
browny-grey1905
mole-grey1906
mole1908
stony1910
taupe1911
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Lapidea duritia, a stonie hardenesse.
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) IV. 64 Root single, central, of a stony consistence.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 747 There is very marked induration..often stony hardness.
1910 W. Parker in Encycl. Brit. XI. 352/2 In colour they range from a pale stony or yellowish shade to a rich dark brown.
5. figurative.absolute.1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 4 Prevenient Grace descending had remov'd The stonie from thir hearts. View more context for this quotation
a. ‘Hard’, insensible, or unfeeling, as if consisting of stone; hardened, obdurate.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [adjective] > callous or hard-hearted
hard hearteOE
steelena1000
hardOE
hard-heartedc1225
stony?c1230
yhert1340
dure1412
hardedc1425
induratec1425
stonishc1450
hardenedc1480
steely1508
flinty1536
endured1540
stiff-stomached1540
heartless1556
indured1558
flint-hearted1560
iron1561
marble1565
stone-hearted?1569
stony-hearted1569
iron-hearted1570
steel-hearted1571
rocky?1578
brawned1582
flinted1582
padded1583
obdure?1590
brawny1596
flintful1596
flint-heart1596
steeled1600
cauterized1603
indurated1604
flinty-hearted1629
ahenean1630
dedolent1633
brawny-hearteda1639
hard-grained1643
callous1647
upsitten1682
seared1684
petrified1720
calloused1746
coreless1813
pebble-hearted1816
hard-shelled1848
hard-plucked1857
steel trap1921
?c1230 Hali Meid. 22 Stani were his heorte ȝef ha ne mealt i teares.
a1250 Prov. Ælfred B. 694 He hauit stoni herte, no-þing him ne smerteþ.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. gv The hert begynneth to..melte..whiche before was all harde and stony, as a flynte.
1595 G. Markham Most Honorable Trag. Sir R. Grinuile To Earl Sussex 4 Sauing the Muse by stonie times vndoone.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 3 A stonie aduersarie, an inhumaine wretch, vncapable of pitty. View more context for this quotation
a1640 J. Ball Treat. Covenant of Grace (1645) 340 A fleshie heart cannot be received by a stony, but the stony is removed by the fleshie.
1702 C. Beaumont J. Beaumont's Psyche (new ed.) xiv. cxlii. 218 From the staring Peoples stony eye He of compassion not one drop had wrung.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. iv. 50 She introduced me to the stony stranger.
a1854 H. Reed Lect. Eng. Hist. (1856) x. 187 The tyrant's indurated and stony conscience.
b. Rigid, fixed, motionless; destitute of movement or expression: esp. of the eyes or look.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > absence of movement > [adjective] > not moving
stillc888
unmoving?a1425
quatc1425
stock-still1508
stony1642
riveting1658
sitfast1669
unstirringa1684
sedate1684
statued1744
unshifting1811
stirless1816
unwaving1818
immotioned1821
standstill1829
akinetic1841
swayless1856
flutterless1873
static1910
squat1956
1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. P Some Giant..With stony staring eyes.
1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain ii. xxvi. 96 Long shall close in stony sleep Eyes for ruth that would not weep.
1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xiii. ii, in Maud & Other Poems 45 He..Gorgonised me from head to foot With a stony British stare.
c. Of fear, grief, silence, etc.: ‘Petrifying’, stupefying: having no relief.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [adjective] > rendered emotionless > deadening or dulling
stony1590
benumbing1628
petrifying1667
azotic1791
hebetative1834
the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > [adjective] > stupefied > (of fear) stupefying
stony1590
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective] > petrifying (of grief)
stony1882
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > inaudibility > [adjective] > silent > utter or unrelieved (of silence)
pin-drop1816
pin-dropping1891
stony1911
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vi. sig. F4v Suddein cold did ronne through euery vaine, And stony horrour all her scences fild.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. viii. sig. V The stony feare, Ran to his hart.
1794 W. Blake Earth's Answer in Songs of Experience in Compl. Poetry & Prose (1982) 18 Earth rais'd up her head, From the darkness dread & drear. Her light fled: Stony dread!
1882 ‘E. Lyall’ Donovan iv A stony speechless sorrow.
1911 M. Beerbohm Zuleika Dobson vii. 90 The Duke did not try to break the stony silence in which Zuleika walked.
1979 A. Brink Dry White Season iv. iv. 301 They were still staring at me in stony silence, their young dark faces expressionless.
d. slang. Short for stony-broke adj. at Compounds 3.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > poverty > [adjective] > poor > lacking money
to the boneOE
silverlessc1325
pennilessc1330
moneylessc1400
impecunious1596
crossless1600
penceless1605
unmoneyed1606
coinless1614
emptya1643
out of pocket1679
money-bound1710
broke1716
embarrassed1744
stiver cramped1785
plackless1786
taper1789
poundlessa1794
shillingless1797
unpennied1804
fundless1809
impecuniary1814
hard up1821
soldier-thighed1825
cashless1833
stiverless1839
fly-blown1853
strapped1857
stick1859
tight1859
stone-broke1886
stony1886
oofless1888
stony-broke1890
motherless1906
penny-pinched1918
skinned1924
skint1925
on the beach1935
potless1936
boracic1959
uptight1967
brassic1982
1886 H. Smart Outsider vii Well, sir, I was broke—so broke as I hope I never shall be again—‘dead stoney’, barely expresses it.
1890 R. C. Lehmann Harry Fludyer 122 Pat said he was stoney or broke or something but he gave me a sov.
1894 W. H. Wilkins & H. Vivian Green Bay Tree I. 25 I shall be quite stony if this goes on.
1905 H. A. Vachell Hill ix. 193 You'll have to wait till I have the money. I'm stoney now.
Compounds
Combinations, etc. C1. In adverbial combination with adjectives.† stony-blind adj. Obsolete = stone-blind adj.
ΚΠ
1587 W. Fowler Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 39/73 The man is stony blinde that can not see the Sun.
stony-pitiless adj.
ΚΠ
1604 Meeting of Gallants sig. A4 Are not my Acts More stony-pittilesse..?
C2. Parasynthetic formations.
stony-eyed adj.
ΚΠ
1859 ‘O. Meredith’ Wanderer (ed. 2) 177 Each stony-eyed corpse there.
stony-faced adj.
ΚΠ
1933 M. Arlen Man's Mortality xv. 315 Manteuffel, staring stony-faced towards the darkness..appeared not to have heard his question.
1975 F. Bresler You & Law 81 Even in this stony-faced sector of the law, fairness prevails.
stony-jointed adj.
ΚΠ
1768 J. Ellis in Philos. Trans. 1767 (Royal Soc.) 57 408 The stony-jointed Corallines.
stony-toed adj.
ΚΠ
1845 C. Dickens Chimes i. 6 A breezy,..blue-nosed, red-eyed, stony-toed, tooth-chattering place it was, to wait in, in the winter-time.
stony-winged adj.
ΚΠ
1855 P. J. Bailey Mystic 45 Dragon stony-winged.
C3. Special combinations and collocations:† stony bone n. [translating medieval Latin os petrosum] Obsolete see petrosal adj. and n.; cf. rocky bone n. at rocky adj.1 Compounds 2), the petrous portion of the temporal bone, containing the internal ear.† stony coal n. Obsolete = stone-coal n.† Stony Mountains n. Obsolete the Rocky Mountains (see Rockies n.).† stony sage n. Obsolete (see quot. 1548).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > bones of ear > periotic bone and parts
rock-bone1615
rocky bone1615
stony bone1615
petrous1836
otocrane1846
petrosal1846
periotic1865
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 487 The stony-bone.
1677 tr. J. Groeneveld Treat. Stone 9 The Os petrosum, or Stony-bone in the Organ of our Hearing.
stony-broke adj. slang = stone-broke adj. at stone n. Compounds 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > poverty > [adjective] > poor > lacking money
to the boneOE
silverlessc1325
pennilessc1330
moneylessc1400
impecunious1596
crossless1600
penceless1605
unmoneyed1606
coinless1614
emptya1643
out of pocket1679
money-bound1710
broke1716
embarrassed1744
stiver cramped1785
plackless1786
taper1789
poundlessa1794
shillingless1797
unpennied1804
fundless1809
impecuniary1814
hard up1821
soldier-thighed1825
cashless1833
stiverless1839
fly-blown1853
strapped1857
stick1859
tight1859
stone-broke1886
stony1886
oofless1888
stony-broke1890
motherless1906
penny-pinched1918
skinned1924
skint1925
on the beach1935
potless1936
boracic1959
uptight1967
brassic1982
1890 in A. Barrère & C. G. Leland Dict. Slang II. 120/2 He had arrived at a crisis of impecuniosity compared to which the small circumstance of being pebble-beached and stony-broke might be described as comparative affluence.
1894 J. D. Astley Fifty Years of my Life II. 84 Though stony broke, it still reposes on my sideboard.
1895 ‘M. Corelli’ Sorrows Satan x I'm cleaned out—‘stony~broke’, as the slang goes.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun]
coal1253
sea-coal1253
pit-coal1483
cannel1541
earth coala1552
horse coal1552
Newcastle coal1552
stone-coal1585
cannel coal1587
parrot1594
burn-coal1597
lithanthrax1612
stony coal1617
Welsh coala1618
land-coala1661
foot coal1665
peacock coal1686
rough coal1686
white coal1686
heathen-coalc1697
coal-stone1708
round1708
stone-coal1708
bench-coal1712
slipper coal1712
black coal1713
culm1742
rock coal1750
board coal1761
Bovey coal1761
house coal1784
mineral coal1785
splint1789
splint coal1789
jet coal1794
anthracite1797
wood-coal1799
blind-coal1802
black diamond1803
silk-coal1803
glance-coal1805
lignite1808
Welsh stone-coal1808
soft1811
spout coals1821
spouter1821
Wallsend1821
brown coal1833
paper coal1833
steam-coal1850
peat-coal1851
cherry-coal1853
household1854
sinter coal1854
oil coal1856
raker1857
Kilkenny coal1861
Pottery coal1867
silkstone1867
block coal1871
admiralty1877
rattlejack1877
bunker1883
fusain1883
smitham1883
bunker coal1885
triping1886
trolley coal1890
kibble1891
sea-borne1892
jet1893
steam1897
sack coal1898
Welsh1898
navigation coal1900
Coalite1906
clarain1919
durain1919
vitrain1919
single1921
kolm1930
hards1956
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > coal > as distinguished from charcoal
sea-coal1253
earth coala1552
stone-coal1585
lithanthrax1612
stony coal1617
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 93 The County of Namures..hath Mines of Iron and plenty of stony Coale.
stony cobbler n. (see quot. 1880-4).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > [noun] > suborder Trachinoidei > member of family Trachinidae (weever) > lesser
sting-fish1836
viper-weever1863
stang1880
stangster1880
stony cobbler1880
shoemaker1904
1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland I. 82 Little- or lesser-weever:..Stony-cobbler.
stony colic n. colic due to an intestinal concretion (cf. stone-colic n. at stone n. Compounds 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > pain in specific parts > [noun] > in stomach or bowels
womb achea1398
gnawing1398
torsionc1425
colicc1440
frettingc1440
the wormc1500
wringc1500
griping1526
wresting?1543
wringing?1550
bellyache1552
torment1578
colic passion1586
wind-colic1593
belly-thrawe1595
belly-grinding1597
fret1600
gripe1601
wrenching1607
mulligrubsa1625
bellywarka1652
torminaa1655
efferation1684
stomach-ache1763
gastrodynia1804
guts-ache1818
stony colic1822
wame-ill1829
gastralgia1834
tummy ache1926
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 212 Enterolithica. Stony colic. From bezoards, and other intestinal concretions.
stony coral n. = stone-coral n. at stone n. Compounds 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Diploblastica > phylum Coelenterata > [noun] > class Anthozoa Actinozoa > non-specific types > stone-coral
lithophyte1774
stone-coral1880
stony coral1882
1882 Cassell's Nat. Hist. VI. 277 The Stony Corals are well-known forms of animal life.
stony-iron n. and adj. used to designate meteorites which contain appreciable quantities of both stony material and iron.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > constellation > comet or meteor > meteor > [noun] > meteorite > siderolite
aerosiderolite1863
siderolite1863
mesosiderite1868
stony-iron1918
the world > the universe > constellation > comet or meteor > meteor > [adjective] > meteorite > siderolite
siderolithic1857
stony-iron1918
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > a stone > [adjective] > meteorite
stony1802
meteorolitic1824
aerolitic1850
siderolithic1857
meteoritic1865
chondritic1866
oligosideric1881
meteorital1889
stony-iron1918
micrometeoritic1958
nakhlitic1963
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > a stone > [noun] > meteorite > other meteorites
air-stone1608
iron1802
aerolite1810
aerolith1811
uranolite1815
star-glint1825
brontolith1860
aerosiderite1863
aerosiderolite1863
pallasite1863
siderolite1863
siderite1866
mesosiderite1868
howardite1881
chondrite1883
oligosiderite1883
plessite1885
diogenite1895
achondrite1904
octahedrite1905
nakhlite1916
ureilite1916
stony-iron1918
micrometeorite1949
1918 G. T. Prior in Mineral. Mag. 18 151 In the Rose–Tschermak–Brezina classification of meteorites the intermediate class of stony-irons, in which iron and stony matter occur in approximately equal amounts and to which Maskelyne gave the name siderolites, is divided into (1) siderolites proper..and (2) lithosiderites, comprising the groups of the mesosiderites, grahamites, and lodranites.
1962 B. Mason Meteorites viii. 120 The stony-irons are a minor group of meteorites... They are divided into two major groups according to the nature of the silicate minerals, the pallasites (olivine stony-irons) and mesosiderites (pyroxene-plagioclase stony-irons).
1969 Times 9 Apr. 7/3 Stony-iron meteorites have been found in several Hopewell burial mounds.
1978 D. W. Sears Nature & Origin of Meteorites iii. 73 Stony-iron meteorites are traditionally defined as having approximately equal proportions of stony material and iron. At various times, four groups of stony-iron meteorites have been defined, but since two of these contain only one meteorite each we need here consider only two in any detail: the pallasites and the mesosiderites.
ΚΠ
1811 J. Pinkerton Mod. Geogr. 542 The ridge called the Stoney Mountains.
a1823 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XIV. 305/2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > ironwort
stony sage1548
wall sage1548
ironwort1562
rock sage1562
smith's balm1597
glidewort1640
mountain ironwort1822
siderite1828
1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. G.ijv Sideritis prima..may be called in englishe walsage or stonisage.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† stonyv.
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To stupefy with noise or with a shock to the mind or feelings, benumb the faculties of (a person); to confound, amaze. Also passive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > make a loud sound or noise [verb (transitive)] > deafen or stun
adinc1275
stonyc1330
astone1340
astony1340
deavea1400
fordeave?1553
blasta1616
stun1621
obtund1664
dunt1672
dun1674
bruit1707
astound1727
steven1862
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > feeling of wonder, astonishment > quality of inspiring wonder > cause wonder, astonish [verb (transitive)] > stupefy
awhapec1300
stonyc1330
astony1340
astonec1374
mazec1390
stounda1400
stuna1400
to-stony?a1400
stounc1400
clumsec1440
overmusec1460
stonish1488
strike1533
dazzle1561
stoyne1563
stupefy1577
stupefact1583
obstupefy1611
astound1637
petrify1667
flabbergast1773
stagnatea1798
stama1800
swarf1813
boggle1835
razzle-dazzle1886
to knock sideways1890
stupend1900
gobsmack1987
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 16629 Cadwaladres, when he þys herde,..Stoneyed he was a wel god þrowe.
a1340 R. Rolle Prayer Habakkuk in Psalter 510 In furore obstupefacies gentes..in breth þou sall stunay genge.
c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. 43 Þise wordes when I here thaym or redis þam stonyes me and makis me gretly ferd.
1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles ii. 125 Þus ȝe derid hem vnduly.., And stonyed hem with stormes þat stynted neuere.
?c1450 in G. J. Aungier Hist. & Antiq. Syon Monastery (1840) 354 Yf the hyghe mas be bygon they schalle synge Ab inimicis..withe oute the chirche, for stonyeng of the preste at auter.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur iii. vii. 107 Syr gauayne was so stonyed of the deth of this fair lady that he wiste not what he dyd.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 299 Thair wes nane auentur that mocht Stunay hys hart.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. xi. sig. X6 Then gan she cry much louder then afore,..And Belge selfe was therewith stonied sore. View more context for this quotation
1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall v. 52 So loud and vehement a noise, as stony'd those that were by.
1688 S. Johnson Purgatory Prov'd Pref. sig. A3 This Miracle stunnied the Dominicans for some time.
2. To amaze or stupefy with a blow, stun.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > dullness of sense perception > dull (the senses) [verb (transitive)] > stun
asweveOE
stonyc1330
astone1340
astony1340
stouna1400
stounda1400
stuna1400
stoynec1450
dozen1487
astonish1530
benumb1530
daunt1581
dammisha1598
still1778
silence1785
to knock, lay (out), etc., cold1829
to lay out1891
out1896
wooden1904
to knock rotten1919
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12377 Arthur was stoneyd, stakered, & stynt, But ȝut fel he nought for þat dynt [of the giant].
1370 Lay-Folks Mass-bk. App. iv. 354 Lord greue ȝe not for þat dunt He stoneyed me and made me stunt Stille out of my steuene.
c1400 Siege Jerusalem (1932) 50 Þe worst wrecche in þe wone; may on walle lygge, Strike doun with a ston; & stuny many knyȝtes.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. xvi. 58 He..smote hym on hyhe vpon the helme a grete stroke and stonyed hym sore.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xvi. 265 But he was stonyed of the stroke that he myght not stonde on his feet.
1641 R. Carpenter Experience, Hist., & Divinitie ii. vii. 163 [They] cut off their fingers, when many of them were alive, and onely stunnied.
1645 D. Featley Καταβάπτισται Κατάπτυστοι: Dippers Dipt sig. D2 (margin) The venturous Scotchman was so stunnied with this blow, that he gave in.
3. To induce insensibility or loss of function in (a body or limb); to benumb, deaden.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > render physically insensible [verb (transitive)]
astone1340
dead1382
stony1382
dazea1400
astonish1530
benumb1530
mortifya1533
numb1561
dozen1576
pave1635
deaden1684
torpedoa1772
torpefy1808
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. > practise anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. [verb (transitive)] > anaesthetize
stony1382
astonish1530
astone1543
stounda1617
etherize1847
letheonize1847
anaesthetize1848
apathize1848
chloroform1848
chloralize1878
chloroformize1880
to put under1889
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxxii. 32 Therthurȝ that he towchide the synwe of his hipe, and it was stoneyd [L. obstupuerit, a1425 L.V. dried].
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Tollem. MS.) (1495) xvii. cxii Oyle may be so colde, þat he schall stony þe membre þat is bawmid þerwith.
c1403 J. Lydgate Temple Glas 683 Bicause he seith, þat stoneiþ al my bloode, I am so symple & she is so goode.
?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns iii. ii. 48 Yf that parte of the hede be agreued & stuffed or stonyed, through euyll humours and fumosites.
1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician ix. 335 The things that kill or stony them [i.e. worms] are all bitter, sharp, inciding, astringent things.
4. intransitive. To be stupefied with wonder or with fear.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > feeling of wonder, astonishment > feel wonder, be amazed [verb (intransitive)] > be stupefied
stonya1382
stoynea1464
reelc1475
amaze1589
the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > exhibit physical symptoms [verb (intransitive)] > be stupefied
stonya1382
palla1393
stoynea1464
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xix. 16 In that dai Egipt shal be as wymmen, and thei shul stoneȝen and dreden.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xiii. 8 Eche to his neȝhebore shall stoneȝe [a1425 schal wondre. L. stupebit].
1436 Libel Eng. Policy in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 200 By lande and see so welle he hym acquite, To speke of hym I stony in my witte.
c1440 York Myst. xxx. 223 Loo! he stonyes for vs, he stares where he standis.
5. To break, crush.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)]
breaka1000
forbreakc1000
shenec1000
burstc1250
disquattec1380
brasta1400
stonyc1440
to strike up1467
dirupt1548
unframe1548
disrump1581
split1597
crack1608
snap1679
fracture1767
disrupt1817
snop1849
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 476/2 Stonyyn, or brese werkys, briso.
Derivatives
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > [noun] > state of being rendered physically insensible
stonyingc1315
dormitation1543
stifling1548
numbness1559
astonishing1563
benumbedness1566
astonishment1576
astonying1576
astoniedness1580
numbedness1600
stupidness1619
stupefiednessa1681
benumbment1817
insensibilization1897
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > feeling of wonder, astonishment > [noun] > act of wondering
stonyingc1315
astoningc1374
marvellinga1450
stonishingc1520
astonishing1530
stoyning1594
astonying1607
admiration1611
stranging1658
c1315 Shoreham Poems i. 954 Þer-fore þy schryfte, man, schel be Wyþ-oute stoneynge.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xix. 8 And Y shal sette this cite in to stoneyng [a1425 L.V. wondring. L. in stuporem].
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. ix. 909 Anetum ysode wiþ oyle relesseþ schrynkyng and stoneynge of senewes [L. rigorem nervorum].
c1430 Life St. Katherine (Gibbs) 76 Whiche hath turned us alle in suche stonyynge and merueylyng.
?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns ii. xii. 40 b Litargia the lytargye is a stonyng of the brayne, wt forgetfulnes.
?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns ii. xii. 42 [This] sheweth brestyng bresyng or stonyng of sum veyne in ye body.
1666 Philos. Trans. 1665–6 (Royal Soc.) 1 223 The other [person struck by thunder or lightning]..besides a present stonying or numness, had no other hurt.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.c975
v.c1315