straitnessn.

/ˈstreɪtnɪs/

Etymology: < strait adj. + -ness suffix.

1. The quality of being strait, in various senses.

a. Tightness; insufficiency or scantiness of breadth, area, or spatial extent, narrowness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > smallness > [noun] > smallness or scantiness of extent

narrownesseOE

straitnessc1384

strictness1604

pinchedness1857

boxiness1882

pokiness1886

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Macc. xii. 21 It was vnable to be ouer~cummen, and hard in goynge to, for streytnesse of places.

c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) i. §21. 13 For the streitnes of thin astrelabie.

c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 50 No maryner durst take on hond To cast an anker, for straytnes of passage.

?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth liv. f. 76^v Thus cowde nat the soudyours..contynue togyder at their worke..for strayetnes and dyfficultie of the place.

?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns ii. vii. 27 Another may be by strettenes of y^e waies of y^e vryne fro y^e raines to y^e bladder.

1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions p. lxxxii The great straitnes of the River.

1715 N. Dubois & G. Leoni tr. A. Palladio Architecture I. xiii. 19 In leaving too little space between..Columns, the streightness of the vacancy will make them appear too thick.

1842 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. X. lxxv. 440 The streets in the old part of the town are narrow,..but their straitness only renders them the more imposing.

1902 J. Buchan Watcher by Threshold v. 269 He felt the torture of his collar and the straitness of his clothes.

figurative.1622 F. Bacon Advt. Holy Warre in Misc. Tracts (1629) 132 It is a great Errour, and a Narrownesse, or Straightnesse of Minde, if any Man thinke, that Nations [etc.].1649 Εἰκων Βασιλικη xi. 95 If the straitnesse of my Conscience will not give me leave to swallow down such Camels.1662 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 3rd Pt. 215 Because of the penury and streightness of these appellations.1868 J. J. S. Perowne tr. Psalms cxxx. 7 Notes, Such is the straitness of our heart,..that it [redemption] far exceeds all our capacity.

†b. Tightness of the chest; difficulty or ‘shortness’ (of breathing). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered breathing > [noun] > shortness of breath

straitness1398

straitheada1400

pursivenessc1450

pursiness?c1475

shortwindiness1545

shortness of breath1577

angustness1598

angustity1599

brevity1600

breathlessness1612

short-windedness1614

dyspnoea1681

tightness1785

puffiness1813

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) v. xxiv In alle þese is..streitenes of breeþ.

?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns iii. iv. 49 b If that mater..come to the throte goll, it causeth straethnys and horsenes & grete dysese.

?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns iii. iv. 49 b It causeth cough & streythnes of breth.

1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health ii. f. 72 The water..helpeth the straitnesse of the breast.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. lxxi. 415 The disease called Asthma, whiche is a straightnesse in drawing of breath.

1580 T. Newton Approoued Med. f. 32^v The fume of the leaues..healpeth the coughe, & straightnes of winde.

1637 H. Wotton Let. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 467 Since the late cold weather, there is complicated with it a more Asthmatical straitness of respiration then heretofore.

1683 W. Salmon Doron Medicum ii. 377 Heart-burning, Sowr Belchings, straightness of Breathing.

1710 T. Fuller Pharmacopœia Extemporanea 272 [The Lohoch] is of excellent service against..straitness of Breath.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Nightingale There is another Disease incident to these Birds, which is called the Streightness or Strangling in the Breast.

c. Strictness, rigour, severity.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > strictness > [noun]

districtionc1450

rigourc1450

straitnessc1460

preciseness1561

strictness1578

districtness1592

stringency1844

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [noun]

tartnessc1000

asperity?c1225

hardship?c1225

smartness1340

duressc1400

straitnessc1460

hardlaikc1540

severeness1579

sorenessa1586

grievousness1611

severity1835

sting1860

c1460 Play Sacram. 737 I shew yow the streytnesse of my greuance.

c1480 (a1400) St. Machor 406 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 12 In honest conuersacione & stratnes of relygione.

1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Giij^v Christ..byndeth vs to a more straightnesse, that not only we should do none euill, but that also we shoulde consent to none euyll.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 512 If his owne life, Answere the straitnesse of his proceeding, It shall become him well.

1772 J. W. Fletcher Appeal Matter of Fact Concl. Addr. 14 The straitness of the heavenly rule will soon shew thee how very far gone thy thoughts..and nature, are from original righteousness.

a1842 T. Arnold Hist. Rome (1843) III. xliv. 249 The straitness of the blockade could no longer be endured.

†d. Parsimony, stinginess. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun]

fastship?c1225

scarcenessa1300

scarcity1340

niggardyc1390

nithingheada1400

scarcehead1420

nigonryc1430

niggardship?a1439

pinching1440

straitheadc1450

straitnessc1460

niggard cheap1463

niggardnessc1487

nigonshipa1500

niggardise1502

niggishness1519

niggardliness1556

parsimony1561

illiberality1581

nearness1584

tenacity1586

Euclionism1599

paring1607

servilitya1610

niggeralitya1612

scanting1625

scant-handednessa1627

closefistedness1631

niggardess1632

close-handedness1646

strait-handedness1649

penury1651

unbountifulness1660

parsimoniousness1671

penuriousness1672

stinginess1682

closeness1712

illiberalness1727

meanness1755

cheeseparing1834

scrimping1835

churlishness1846

screwing1848

skinflintism1853

screwiness1856

flint-paring1860

skinflintiness1861

scrimp1864

flint-skinning1873

penny-pinching1895

skimping1898

tight-fistedness1975

c1460 J. Metham Wks. (1916) 94 Yff this cornere be iuste off bothe lynys metyng to-gydyr scharp..yt sygnyfyith couetyse and streytnes in kepyng off money.

1461 J. Russe in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 246 There shal no thyng hurte hym but youre streytnesse of mony to hym.

1653 B. Whitelocke Jrnl. Swedish Ambassy (1772) I. 47 This straightnes of the councell raysed many serious thoughts in Whitelocke.

†e. Scantiness, limited amount. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > insufficiency > [noun] > state of being limited in amount > scantiness or meagreness

scantnessc1386

parcity1509

tenuity1535

scantiness1567

bareness1580

barrenness1587

exiguity1604

leanness1612

meagreness1622

thinness1623

jejuneness1626

macilencya1631

narrowness1647

straitnessa1704

flimsinessa1763

threadbareness1771

poorness1782

skimpiness1879

threadbarity1892

a1704 J. Locke Conduct of Understanding §3 in Posthumous Wks. (1706) 10 The straitness of the Conveniences of Life amongst them.

1725 N. Bailey tr. Erasmus All Familiar Colloquies 120 You see, not the Affluence,..but the Straitness of my Fortune.

1772 S. Denne & W. Shrubsole Hist. Rochester 105 By the straitness of its income..is this diocese unluckily distinguished from almost every other see in the kingdom.

†f. straitness of time n. = ‘straits of time’, strait n. 2c. Obsolete. (Very common in the 16–17th centuries.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > [noun] > insufficiency of time

straitness of time1545

straits of time1612

achronism1877

1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus i. f. 15^v These two thinges, straytenesse of tyme, and euery man his trade of liuing, are the causes that so fewe men shotes.

1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. Aiiij^v Though I haue ben pinched with straightnes of tyme.

1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 5 The colleccions are made soe well as the streightnes of the tyme woulde permitte.

1657 T. Burton Diary (1828) II. 229 In regard of the straitness of time, you have always let loose that rule by a proviso.

g. Straitened condition (of circumstances). rare.

ΚΠ

1740 Ld. Harrington Let. in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 275 The extreme Streightness of my Family Circumstances.

1850 E. Everett Orations (ed. 2) II. 13 He was never employed in [public affairs],..the straitness of his circumstances, keeping him close to his trade.

†2. concrete. A strait place. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > [noun] > insufficiency of space > a confined or restricted space

narrowc1230

strait1352

throata1522

strait1545

straitness1625

constriction1826

bottleneck1850

fisherman's walk1867

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes ii. 1124 Where..is the narrowest and streightest passage of the Streight. This streightnesse [Bab-el-Mandeb], of the neighbouring people..is called Albabo.

†3. Want of room. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > [noun] > insufficiency of space

narrownesseOE

straitness1586

strictness1604

spacelessness1981

1586 in J. Morris Troubles Catholic Forefathers (1875) (modernized text) 2nd ser. 76 And as many [are] pestered into every chamber as it will receive, by reason of which throng and straitness oftentimes infectious sicknesses do reign amongst vs.

1611 Bible (King James) Job xxxvi. 16 Euen so would he haue remooued thee out of the strait into a broad place, where there is no straitnesse .

1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. x. 192 The rest of the Armie..lodged there..although with great straightnesse, the place contayning not aboue two hundred houses.

1776 Ann. Reg. 1775 137* Having been before much incommoded by the streightness in which they were confined in Boston.

4. Hardship, distress; privation, straitened circumstances. (Cf. 1g) archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > [noun]

waedlec888

wanspeedc893

wanea1100

wandrethc1175

miseasea1200

povertya1225

lowness?c1225

needc1225

orcostc1225

poorness?a1300

unwealtha1300

defaultc1300

porailc1325

straitnessa1340

poorhead1340

mischiefa1375

miseasetya1382

needinessa1382

misterc1385

indigencec1386

scarcitya1387

noughtc1400

scantnessc1400

necessity?1406

penurya1425

povertnessa1434

exilitya1439

wantc1450

scarcenessc1475

needinga1500

povertiesa1500

penurity?a1505

poortith?a1513

debility1525

tenuity1535

leanness1550

lack1555

Needham1577

inopy1581

pinching1587

dispurveyance1590

egency1600

macritude1623

penuriousness1630

indigency1631

needihood1648

necessitousness1650

egestuosity1656

straitened circumstancesa1766

unopulence1796

Queer Street1811

lowliness1834

breadlessness1860

unwealthiness1886

out-of-elbowness1890

secondary poverty1901

Short Street1920

the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > hardship

hardeOE

grief?c1225

nowcinc1225

sharpship?c1225

straitnessa1340

necessityc1390

hardlaikc1540

hardshipc1540

disage1607

rough1615

rigour1632

erumny1657

strait1837

sufferation1976

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xvii. 22 When we suffire fleysly straytnes, he ledis vs in gastly breed.

1436 Rolls of Parl. IV. 498/2 They have suffred right grete streitenesse, as well in their Persones as in their Godes.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xxxvi. 15 The poore delyuereth he out of his straytnesse, and comforteth soch as be in necessite and trouble.

1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Jewish War vi. ix, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 944 An army: which..occasion'd so great a straitness among them, that there came..a famine.

1742 T. Barnard Char. Lady E. Hastings 41 Add..free and frequent Remission of Debts, in Cases of Straitness or Insolvency.

1845 J. H. Newman Ess. Devel. Christian Doctr. 302 The need and straitness of the Church had been great.

1879 C. Rossetti Seek & Find 211 In these two passages [of the Bible] summer wears an aspect of..hope..; winter, one which forebodes aggravated affliction, straitness, trial.

plural.a1676 M. Hale Hist. Common Law (1713) xi. 212 The Laws of the Twelve Tables..had many other Streightnesses and Hardships which were successively remedied.1868 R. Browning Ring & Bk. II. iv. 29 They needs must..publish all abroad The straitnesses of Guido's household life.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	straitness
释义	straitnessn. /ˈstreɪtnɪs/ Etymology: < strait adj. + -ness suffix. 1. The quality of being strait, in various senses. a. Tightness; insufficiency or scantiness of breadth, area, or spatial extent, narrowness. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > smallness > [noun] > smallness or scantiness of extent narrownesseOE straitnessc1384 strictness1604 pinchedness1857 boxiness1882 pokiness1886 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Macc. xii. 21 It was vnable to be ouer~cummen, and hard in goynge to, for streytnesse of places. c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) i. §21. 13 For the streitnes of thin astrelabie. c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 50 No maryner durst take on hond To cast an anker, for straytnes of passage. ?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth liv. f. 76^v Thus cowde nat the soudyours..contynue togyder at their worke..for strayetnes and dyfficultie of the place. ?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns ii. vii. 27 Another may be by strettenes of y^e waies of y^e vryne fro y^e raines to y^e bladder. 1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions p. lxxxii The great straitnes of the River. 1715 N. Dubois & G. Leoni tr. A. Palladio Architecture I. xiii. 19 In leaving too little space between..Columns, the streightness of the vacancy will make them appear too thick. 1842 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. X. lxxv. 440 The streets in the old part of the town are narrow,..but their straitness only renders them the more imposing. 1902 J. Buchan Watcher by Threshold v. 269 He felt the torture of his collar and the straitness of his clothes. figurative.1622 F. Bacon Advt. Holy Warre in Misc. Tracts (1629) 132 It is a great Errour, and a Narrownesse, or Straightnesse of Minde, if any Man thinke, that Nations [etc.].1649 Εἰκων Βασιλικη xi. 95 If the straitnesse of my Conscience will not give me leave to swallow down such Camels.1662 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 3rd Pt. 215 Because of the penury and streightness of these appellations.1868 J. J. S. Perowne tr. Psalms cxxx. 7 Notes, Such is the straitness of our heart,..that it [redemption] far exceeds all our capacity. †b. Tightness of the chest; difficulty or ‘shortness’ (of breathing). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered breathing > [noun] > shortness of breath straitness1398 straitheada1400 pursivenessc1450 pursiness?c1475 shortwindiness1545 shortness of breath1577 angustness1598 angustity1599 brevity1600 breathlessness1612 short-windedness1614 dyspnoea1681 tightness1785 puffiness1813 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) v. xxiv In alle þese is..streitenes of breeþ. ?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns iii. iv. 49 b If that mater..come to the throte goll, it causeth straethnys and horsenes & grete dysese. ?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns iii. iv. 49 b It causeth cough & streythnes of breth. 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health ii. f. 72 The water..helpeth the straitnesse of the breast. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. lxxi. 415 The disease called Asthma, whiche is a straightnesse in drawing of breath. 1580 T. Newton Approoued Med. f. 32^v The fume of the leaues..healpeth the coughe, & straightnes of winde. 1637 H. Wotton Let. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 467 Since the late cold weather, there is complicated with it a more Asthmatical straitness of respiration then heretofore. 1683 W. Salmon Doron Medicum ii. 377 Heart-burning, Sowr Belchings, straightness of Breathing. 1710 T. Fuller Pharmacopœia Extemporanea 272 [The Lohoch] is of excellent service against..straitness of Breath. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Nightingale There is another Disease incident to these Birds, which is called the Streightness or Strangling in the Breast. c. Strictness, rigour, severity. ΘΚΠ society > authority > strictness > [noun] districtionc1450 rigourc1450 straitnessc1460 preciseness1561 strictness1578 districtness1592 stringency1844 the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [noun] tartnessc1000 asperity?c1225 hardship?c1225 smartness1340 duressc1400 straitnessc1460 hardlaikc1540 severeness1579 sorenessa1586 grievousness1611 severity1835 sting1860 c1460 Play Sacram. 737 I shew yow the streytnesse of my greuance. c1480 (a1400) St. Machor 406 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 12 In honest conuersacione & stratnes of relygione. 1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Giij^v Christ..byndeth vs to a more straightnesse, that not only we should do none euill, but that also we shoulde consent to none euyll. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 512 If his owne life, Answere the straitnesse of his proceeding, It shall become him well. View more context for this quotation 1772 J. W. Fletcher Appeal Matter of Fact Concl. Addr. 14 The straitness of the heavenly rule will soon shew thee how very far gone thy thoughts..and nature, are from original righteousness. a1842 T. Arnold Hist. Rome (1843) III. xliv. 249 The straitness of the blockade could no longer be endured. †d. Parsimony, stinginess. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] fastship?c1225 scarcenessa1300 scarcity1340 niggardyc1390 nithingheada1400 scarcehead1420 nigonryc1430 niggardship?a1439 pinching1440 straitheadc1450 straitnessc1460 niggard cheap1463 niggardnessc1487 nigonshipa1500 niggardise1502 niggishness1519 niggardliness1556 parsimony1561 illiberality1581 nearness1584 tenacity1586 Euclionism1599 paring1607 servilitya1610 niggeralitya1612 scanting1625 scant-handednessa1627 closefistedness1631 niggardess1632 close-handedness1646 strait-handedness1649 penury1651 unbountifulness1660 parsimoniousness1671 penuriousness1672 stinginess1682 closeness1712 illiberalness1727 meanness1755 cheeseparing1834 scrimping1835 churlishness1846 screwing1848 skinflintism1853 screwiness1856 flint-paring1860 skinflintiness1861 scrimp1864 flint-skinning1873 penny-pinching1895 skimping1898 tight-fistedness1975 c1460 J. Metham Wks. (1916) 94 Yff this cornere be iuste off bothe lynys metyng to-gydyr scharp..yt sygnyfyith couetyse and streytnes in kepyng off money. 1461 J. Russe in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 246 There shal no thyng hurte hym but youre streytnesse of mony to hym. 1653 B. Whitelocke Jrnl. Swedish Ambassy (1772) I. 47 This straightnes of the councell raysed many serious thoughts in Whitelocke. †e. Scantiness, limited amount. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > insufficiency > [noun] > state of being limited in amount > scantiness or meagreness scantnessc1386 parcity1509 tenuity1535 scantiness1567 bareness1580 barrenness1587 exiguity1604 leanness1612 meagreness1622 thinness1623 jejuneness1626 macilencya1631 narrowness1647 straitnessa1704 flimsinessa1763 threadbareness1771 poorness1782 skimpiness1879 threadbarity1892 a1704 J. Locke Conduct of Understanding §3 in Posthumous Wks. (1706) 10 The straitness of the Conveniences of Life amongst them. 1725 N. Bailey tr. Erasmus All Familiar Colloquies 120 You see, not the Affluence,..but the Straitness of my Fortune. 1772 S. Denne & W. Shrubsole Hist. Rochester 105 By the straitness of its income..is this diocese unluckily distinguished from almost every other see in the kingdom. †f. straitness of time n. = ‘straits of time’, strait n. 2c. Obsolete. (Very common in the 16–17th centuries.) ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > [noun] > insufficiency of time straitness of time1545 straits of time1612 achronism1877 1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus i. f. 15^v These two thinges, straytenesse of tyme, and euery man his trade of liuing, are the causes that so fewe men shotes. 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. Aiiij^v Though I haue ben pinched with straightnes of tyme. 1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 5 The colleccions are made soe well as the streightnes of the tyme woulde permitte. 1657 T. Burton Diary (1828) II. 229 In regard of the straitness of time, you have always let loose that rule by a proviso. g. Straitened condition (of circumstances). rare. ΚΠ 1740 Ld. Harrington Let. in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 275 The extreme Streightness of my Family Circumstances. 1850 E. Everett Orations (ed. 2) II. 13 He was never employed in [public affairs],..the straitness of his circumstances, keeping him close to his trade. †2. concrete. A strait place. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > [noun] > insufficiency of space > a confined or restricted space narrowc1230 strait1352 throata1522 strait1545 straitness1625 constriction1826 bottleneck1850 fisherman's walk1867 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes ii. 1124 Where..is the narrowest and streightest passage of the Streight. This streightnesse [Bab-el-Mandeb], of the neighbouring people..is called Albabo. †3. Want of room. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > [noun] > insufficiency of space narrownesseOE straitness1586 strictness1604 spacelessness1981 1586 in J. Morris Troubles Catholic Forefathers (1875) (modernized text) 2nd ser. 76 And as many [are] pestered into every chamber as it will receive, by reason of which throng and straitness oftentimes infectious sicknesses do reign amongst vs. 1611 Bible (King James) Job xxxvi. 16 Euen so would he haue remooued thee out of the strait into a broad place, where there is no straitnesse . View more context for this quotation 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. x. 192 The rest of the Armie..lodged there..although with great straightnesse, the place contayning not aboue two hundred houses. 1776 Ann. Reg. 1775 137* Having been before much incommoded by the streightness in which they were confined in Boston. 4. Hardship, distress; privation, straitened circumstances. (Cf. 1g) archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] waedlec888 wanspeedc893 wanea1100 wandrethc1175 miseasea1200 povertya1225 lowness?c1225 needc1225 orcostc1225 poorness?a1300 unwealtha1300 defaultc1300 porailc1325 straitnessa1340 poorhead1340 mischiefa1375 miseasetya1382 needinessa1382 misterc1385 indigencec1386 scarcitya1387 noughtc1400 scantnessc1400 necessity?1406 penurya1425 povertnessa1434 exilitya1439 wantc1450 scarcenessc1475 needinga1500 povertiesa1500 penurity?a1505 poortith?a1513 debility1525 tenuity1535 leanness1550 lack1555 Needham1577 inopy1581 pinching1587 dispurveyance1590 egency1600 macritude1623 penuriousness1630 indigency1631 needihood1648 necessitousness1650 egestuosity1656 straitened circumstancesa1766 unopulence1796 Queer Street1811 lowliness1834 breadlessness1860 unwealthiness1886 out-of-elbowness1890 secondary poverty1901 Short Street1920 the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > hardship hardeOE grief?c1225 nowcinc1225 sharpship?c1225 straitnessa1340 necessityc1390 hardlaikc1540 hardshipc1540 disage1607 rough1615 rigour1632 erumny1657 strait1837 sufferation1976 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xvii. 22 When we suffire fleysly straytnes, he ledis vs in gastly breed. 1436 Rolls of Parl. IV. 498/2 They have suffred right grete streitenesse, as well in their Persones as in their Godes. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xxxvi. 15 The poore delyuereth he out of his straytnesse, and comforteth soch as be in necessite and trouble. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Jewish War vi. ix, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 944 An army: which..occasion'd so great a straitness among them, that there came..a famine. 1742 T. Barnard Char. Lady E. Hastings 41 Add..free and frequent Remission of Debts, in Cases of Straitness or Insolvency. 1845 J. H. Newman Ess. Devel. Christian Doctr. 302 The need and straitness of the Church had been great. 1879 C. Rossetti Seek & Find 211 In these two passages [of the Bible] summer wears an aspect of..hope..; winter, one which forebodes aggravated affliction, straitness, trial. plural.a1676 M. Hale Hist. Common Law (1713) xi. 212 The Laws of the Twelve Tables..had many other Streightnesses and Hardships which were successively remedied.1868 R. Browning Ring & Bk. II. iv. 29 They needs must..publish all abroad The straitnesses of Guido's household life. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1340
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