stoopn.¹

Brit.

/stuːp/, U.S.

/stup/

Forms: α. Middle English stolpe, Middle English–1800s stulp(e, 1500s stoulpe. β. Middle English–1600s stowpe, 1500s stuipe, stouppe, stowppe, 1500s–1700s stoope, 1500s–1800s stoup(e, 1600s–1800s stope, stowp, (1600s stoppe), 1600s– stoop.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse stolpe.

Etymology: Late Middle English stulpe, stolpe, < Old Norse stolpe (Icelandic stólpi, Swedish, Danish stolpe); probably cognate with Russian stolb post, pillar.It is doubtful whether the word has any connection with Middle Low German and early modern Dutch stolpe, stulpe lid (according to Kilian also beam, rafter), modern Dutch stolp, stulp, modern German stulpe (from Low German). The β forms may possibly partly represent a distinct but synonymous word, a. or cognate with Old Frisian stûpa, Middle Low German, Middle Dutch stûpe whipping-post, stake, punishment of flogging, Middle High German stûpe (from Middle Low German; modern German staupe) flogging.

Now only dialect.

1. A post, pillar.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > pillar > [noun]

staplec950

pillarc1180

stoop1439

stape1512

α.

1439 Rec. Carpenters' Co. (1914) II. 4 Paide for ij Stulpes and ye settinge up.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 481/1 Stulpe, or stake, paxillus.

c1450 Brut 462 Whan the Kyng had riden thurgh Suthwerk, and come to the stulpes without London Brigge.

1490–1 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 167 Item, to Byrd, carpenter, for stolpes & Reylles, viij s. iij d.

1490–1 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 168 Paide to paris ffor settyng of stulpis and ledgis & nayllis..v d.

in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 127 The cradle to have five stolpes, three at the head, and twoe at the feet, and the King's armes on the middle stolpe.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 277/1 Stoulpe before a doore, souche.

1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos ii. sig. E.j^v The walles with skalyng ladders layde, & stulps of scaffolds hie, And vp by stayres thei clyme.

1579 Abstr. Dewsbury Court Roll in Yorks. Archæol. Jrnl. 21 410 Roger Hirste shall make a newe gate and new stulpes.

1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Linguæ Latinæ II. at T Save that the transverse plank lay not quite on the top of the erect stulp, but across it a little lower.

β. 1463 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 134 For a newe stowpe to ye grate yates, 10 d.1552 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1913) X. 112 Item, to ane turnour turnand stoupis of beddis and charis in the said castell..iij li. iiij s.1600 in J. P. Hore Hist. Newmarket (1885) I. 95 Whereas Hugh Wyrrall, gentleman, had caused a stoope to be sett on Doncaster More at the west end of the horse race.1682 W. Blundell Crosby Rec. (1880) 267 The stoop, commonly called the chair, where the horse course on Crosby Marsh doth usually begin and end.1685 C. Cotton tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. (1711) I. xxxviii. 335 Stoops dive deeper and deeper into the earth by being moved up and down.1709 in Slingsby's Diary (1836) 193 Upon her Lady-ships promise that the said Gate, & Stoups, & all things belonging to it should be hung.1756 M. Calderwood Lett. & Jrnls. (1884) ix. 248 A chair, with one carved bar close to the bottom behind, eight other turned bars, the stoops and four cross bars in the back, a rush bottom.1770 E. Heslerton Inclos. Act 6 Guarded with substantial stoops and rails.1822 E. J. Willson Gloss. Gothic Archit. in A. Pugin Specimens Gothic Archit. III. 13 Stoup. A post. A pedestal, or small pillar, for a statue to stand upon.1829 S. Glover Hist. County of Derby I. 190 Substantial stone stoops or posts for gates are in general use.in figurative context.1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1664) 254 Our Salvation is fastened with God's own hand and with Christ's own strength to the strong stoup of God's unchangeable nature. Mal. 3. 6.

2. figurative. A person or thing that supports or sustains; a ‘prop’, ‘pillar’. Scottish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [noun] > that which or one who supports

crutchc900

upholda1066

uptakinga1300

arma1382

postc1387

staff1390

sustainerc1390

undersetterc1400

potent?a1439

buttressa1450

supportalc1450

comfort1455

supporta1456

studa1500

poge1525

underpropper1532

shore1534

staya1542

prop1562

stoopa1572

underprop1579

sustentation1585

rest1590

underpinning1590

supportance1597

sustinent1603

lean1610

reliance1613

hingea1616

columna1620

spar1630

gable end1788

lifeboat1832

standback1915

a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1848) II. 411 Ledingtoune and the Maister of Maxwell were that nycht the two stoupeis of hir chair.

1640 R. Baillie Let. 12 Dec. (1841) I. 282 Since he heard of Ratcliffe prisoned, and Wentford's death, his two stoups, his heart is a little fallen.

1721 A. Ramsay To Ld. Dalhousie 2 Dalhousie of an auld descent, My chief, my stoup, and ornament.

1821 J. Galt Ann. Parish xxvi. 232 All [invited] in addition to our old stoops from the adjacent parishes.

1863 R. Paul Let. 23 Oct. in B. Bell Mem. R. Paul (1872) 266 He..is..a great stoop to the Free Church.

1896 J. M. Barrie Margaret Ogilvy ii. 26 He was a great ‘stoup’ of the Auld Licht kirk.

†3. Cant. The pillory. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > public or popular punishments > [noun] > punishing by pillory or stocks > pillory or stocks

stocksc1325

pilloryc1330

stocka1382

gofe1489

stretchneck1543

harmans1567

foot trap1585

pigeonholes1592

jougs1596

berlina1607

halsfang1607

gorget1635

cippusa1637

nutcrackers1648

catasta1664

wooden cravat1676

the wooden ruff1677

neck stock1681

wooden casement1685

timber-stairsc1750

Norway neckcloth1785

law-neck-cloth1789

stoop1795

timber1851–4

nerve1854

1795 H. T. Potter New Dict. Cant & Flash (ed. 2)

1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. 215 The pillary is called the stoop.

4. Mining. (See quot. 1881¹.) stoop-and-room n. = pillar and stall n. at pillar n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > for coal > types of

footrill1686

post and stall1793

long way1795

stall-work1811

long-wall1820

pitchwork1858

stoop-and-room1881

stonework1883

strait work1883

stumping1883

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > pillar or area of unworked material

forbar?15..

pillar1591

whole1728

stalch1747

post1793

stenting1812

rib1818

stook1826

man-of-war1835

spurn1837

staple1839

barrier1849

shaft pillar1855

barrier-pillar1881

stoop1881

stump1881

1881 J. Sands Sketches Tranent 30 ‘Stoops’, or massive pillars of coal, were left to support the roof.

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 182 Stoop-and-Rooms, Scot[land]. See Post-and-Stall.

1888 B. H. Brough Mine-surv. 7 The ‘post and stall’ system,..known..in Scotland as ‘stoup and room’, and the ‘long-wall’ system.

1890 Wallace Alston Moor 141 (E.D.D.) From these levels short cross-cuts were made..into the vein, and its contents mined by stoups.

1899 N. Brit. Daily Mail 21 June 5 The adjoining ‘stoop’ was finished last Wednesday. That was about half a mile from the pit bottom.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

a. (In sense 4.)

† stoop bedstead n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1593 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 228 In the south turrett. One stoupe bedstead, teaster, valens and curtaines.

stoop-road n.

ΚΠ

1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 243 Stoop roads, roads driven in the solid or whole coal on the stoop and room system.

stoop-side n.

ΚΠ

1887 P. McNeill Blawearie 33 Hanging his lighted lamp on the stoopside.

C2.

stoop-net n. a fishing-net supported on a pole.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > net on pole

pout net1443

sleeching-net1665

stick net1678

scoop-net1792

shoulder net1793

skimming net1806

stoop-net1806

dip-net1858

pole net1858

scoop1865

dipping-net1867

1806 W. M. Morison Decisions Court of Session XXXIII. 14271 The stoop-net is quite a different kind of net from the pock-net, being a much larger net, with the mouth of it fastened to three pieces of wood, fixed in the form of a triangle. To this triangle is fixed a large pole, by which a person in a boat holds it while he is fishing.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

stoopn.²

Brit.

/stuːp/, U.S.

/stup/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s stoupe, stoope, 1600s stop(pe.

Etymology: < stoop v.¹

a. An act of stooping; a bending of the body forwards; a bow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > bending down > act of

bend1529

stoopc1571

c1571 E. Campion Two Bks. Hist. Ireland (1963) ii. i. 77 The generall also himself digging with a pickaxe, a desperate villayne..watched his stoupe and cleft his head with an axe.

1605 B. Jonson Sejanus i. i. 175 Cor. Here comes Seianus. Sil. Now obserue the stoupes, The bendings, and the falls. Arr. Most creeping base!

1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love Epil. Up starts a Mounsieur new come o're; and warm In the French stoop; and the pull-back o th' arm.

1760 C. Johnstone Chrysal I. ii. xiv. 239 Some unlucky stoop burst the string that tied his breeches.

1833 T. Chalmers Let. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers (1850) III. 370 A passage often narrow and requiring a very low stoop.

1885 Spectator 25 July 977/2 His trick was done by a peculiar method of stooping, and of concealing the stoop behind a skirt.

in extended use.1684 R. Waller tr. Ess. Nat. Exper. Acad. del Cimento 130 The Amber being hung at liberty by a thread in the Air,..when it was rubb'd and heated, made a stoop to those little Bodies, which likewise proportionally presented themselves thereto, and readily obey'd its call.

b. figurative. A condescension, a voluntary descent from superiority or dignity.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > [noun] > stooping to something unworthy

stoop1638

condescension1642

1638 J. Shirley Dukes Mistris iii. i. E 2 b Have you obteyn'd so much As one stoope to your wanton avarice, One bend to please your inflam'd appetite?

1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar iv. ii. 59 Can I, can any Loyal Subject see With Patience such a stoop from Sovereignty?

1842 J. Sherman in Allon Mem. (1863) 294 To give us a claim to all His perfections..is such a stoop of the Divine Majesty as exceeds the utmost stretch of human imagination.

1857 C. H. Spurgeon New Park St. Pulpit II. 720 It would have been a stoop more immense than if a seraph should have changed himself into an emmet.

1890 Spectator 22 Nov. She certainly ‘stoops to deceit’ often enough for the stoop to leave a very vivid impression on the reader's mind.

†c. to give the stoop: to bow; figurative to yield, give way. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > respect or show respect [verb (intransitive)] > bow, kneel, or curtsey

loutc825

abowOE

bowa1000

kneel?a1000

kneec1000

crookc1320

to bow the knee1382

inclinec1390

crouchc1394

croukc1394

coucha1500

plya1500

to make or do courtesy1508

beck1535

to make a (long, low, etc.) leg1548

curtsya1556

dopc1557

binge1562

jouk1567

beckon1578

benda1586

humblea1592

vaila1593

to scrape a leg1602

congee1606

to give the stoop1623

leg1628

scrape1645

to drop a curtsy1694

salaam1698

boba1794

dip1818

to make (also perform) a cheese1834

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > absence of resistance > offer no resistance [verb (intransitive)] > give in

descend?a1400

to give up the girdlea1400

submita1525

to give over1530

subscribe1560

yield1576

come1607

to give in1616

to give the stoop1623

buckle1642

incumb1656

to knock under board, under (the) table1692

capitulate1714

to strike underc1730

knuckle down1735

cave1844

to throw (also chuck) up the sponge1860

incline1866

to give (it) best1878

give way1879

to roll over1919

1623 B. Jonson Time Vindicated 90 To' haue giu'n the stoop, and to salute the skirts Of her, to whom all Ladies else are flirts!

a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 186 O that a King should give the stoop to such as these?

2. A stooping attitude; a temporary or permanent bent position of the back or shoulders.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > [noun] > bent posture > stoop

stoop1716

1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 20 Sept. (1965) I. 270 I can assure you that..a small stoop in the shoulders, nay, Gray Hair it selfe, is no objection.

1825 London Med. & Physical Jrnl. 54 210 On the Means generally used with the intention of curing a Stoop.

1862 M. E. Braddon Lady Audley's Secret I. x. 163 The lazy horses..dropping their heads with a weary stoop under the afternoon sunshine.

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. v. 91 His tall spare frame had the student's stoop of the shoulders.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 77 Associated with the forward stoop is a tendency to take quick steps.

1904 A. C. Benson House of Quiet (1907) xix. 115 He was a tall thin man, with a slight stoop.

†3.

a. Descent, declivity (of a mountain); a downward slope or incline. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun] > downward

downhielda1400

descencec1425

descent1485

descending1490

downfall1542

pitch1542

downhill1548

declinea1552

falling1565

stoop1611

declivitya1613

devergence1727

downslope1855

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. x. 543/1 As he was entring into Sauoy, at the stoope, or descent of the Alpes, very many of the..Peeres of England met him.

1711 Mil. & Sea Dict. (ed. 4) at Chemise When the Soil was sandy and loose; and therefore could not support it self, without allowing it too great a Talus, or Stoop.

b. dialect. (See quot. 1854.)

ΚΠ

1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 300 Stoop, a fall of water in a river.

4. The action of descending from a height; spec. the swoop of a bird of prey on its quarry, or the descent of a falcon to the lure. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > bird of prey > [noun] > swooping

stoopa1586

swoopa1616

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. ix. sig. Nn1^v More swift then falcons stoope to feeding Falconers call.

c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxix. 8 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 205 Lett not these that soare to high, By my low stoope yet higher fly.

?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xxiii. 91 Like matter vaporous The spirit vanisht vnder earth, and murmur'd in his stoope.

a1625 J. Fletcher Wit without Money (1639) iv. sig. G4 How daintily she [the lady] flies upon the lure, and cunningly she makes her stoppes.

1645 E. Waller To Mutable Fair 16 Poems 120 Now will I wander through the ayre, Mount, make a stoope at every Fayre.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 48 Some water-fowls subsist by making sudden stoops from above, to seize whatever fish come near the surface.

1823 Ld. Byron Age of Bronze vii. 19 Vulture-plumed Guerrillas, on the stoop For their incessant prey.

1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. iii. 62 Its stoop,..is very inferior in force and rapidity.

1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche ix. xii. 109 As an eagle..Drops in some combe, and not till lowest stoop Spreads wing for check.

1891 J. E. Harting Bibliotheca Accipitraria 230 Stoop, the swift descent of a falcon on the quarry from a height.

Compounds

stoop-necked adj. having the neck bent downwards.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > [adjective] > specific part of body

stoop-necked1887

1887 C. G. D. Roberts Poems (1903) 56 Black on the ridge, against that lovely flush, A cart, and stoop-necked oxen.

stoop-shouldered adj. having a stoop in the shoulders.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [adjective] > of shoulders

crooked-shoulderedc1515

crump-shouldered1542

out-shouldered1579

crook-shouldered1580

round-shouldered1586

crumped-shouldered1603

round1702

hump-shouldereda1704

stoop-shouldered1748

huck-shouldered1847

1748 Pennsylvania Gaz. 27 Oct. 3/3 (advt.) Run away,..a servant man,..about eighteen years of age, stoop shouldered, his head leans forward, of a pale complexion.

1899 Royal Mag. Feb. 384/1 An old woman of seventy, thin, stoop-shouldered—from long years of bending over her cobbler's bench.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

stoopn.³

Brit.

/stuːp/, U.S.

/stup/

Forms: Also 1800s stoup.

Etymology: < Dutch stoep: see stoep n.

North American.

‘An uncovered platform before the entrance of a house, raised, and approached by means of steps. Sometimes incorrectly used for porch or veranda.’ ( Cent. Dict.)

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > porches, balconies, etc. > [noun] > verandah

veranda1711

piazza1724

stoop1755

stoep1797

porch1819

lanai1823

pial1869

screen porch1889

pendopo1927

sleep-out1941

1755 S. Curwen Jrnl. 4 June in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1916) 52 78 The Houses of one Story and a Stoop to each.

1789 Massachusetts Spy 20 Aug. 3/2 Several persons were in a stoop and at windows within fifteen or twenty feet from the tree.

1833 C. P. Traill Backwoods of Canada (1836) ix. 142 The Canadians call these verandahs ‘stoups’.

1837 N. Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. 13 July (1883) 58 Councillors seated about, sitting on benches near the bar, or on the stoop along the front of the house.

1856 S. Warner Hills of Shatemuc ii He was cleaning the harness of the wagon, and he took it out into the broad stoop outside of the kitchen door.

1892 R. L. Stevenson Across Plains i. 16 The clean, bright, gardened townships spoke of country fare and pleasant summer evenings on the stoop.

Compounds

stoop ball n. a ball game resembling baseball, but in which the ball is thrown against a stoop or building rather than to a batter.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > games similar to baseball > [noun]

baseball1748

pat-ball1775

town ball1813

stickball1824

rounders1828

roundball1834

feeder1844

one-old-cat1856

softball1867

one-eyed cat1908

vigoroc1930

slow-pitch1934

fast-pitch1939

stoop ball1941

fastball1943

lob ball1949

whiffle-ball1954

Wiffle ball1955

T-ball1962

1941 B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? ix. 166 Kids yelling at each other in a stoop-ball game.

1947 Commentary May 463/2 As one of a large family of games such as stoopball..it demands an ability to maneuver freely.

1959 J. D. Salinger in New Yorker 6 June 102/2 Stoopball, for the information of rural readers, is a ball game played with the support of a flight of brownstone steps or the front of a apartment building.

1978 G. A. Sheehan Running & Being vii. 90 We knew our block... Knew which steps to get pointers in stoop ball.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

stoopv.¹

Brit.

/stuːp/, U.S.

/stup/

Forms: Past tense and participle stooped

/stuːpt/. Forms: Old English stúpian, Middle English stupen, Middle English–1600s stoupe (Middle English stope), Middle English stowpe, 1600s stoup, 1500s stoope, 1500s– stoop.

Etymology: Old English stúpian weak verb corresponding to Middle Dutch stûpen (West Flemish stuipen , now conjugated strong), Old Norse stúpa (once, in infinitive; Middle Swedish, Swedish stupa weak verb, Norwegian stupa strong verb); related by ablaut to Germanic *staupo- steep adj. For the phonology of the modern English form compare coop, droop, where Middle English ū before p has similarly remained unchanged instead of becoming /aʊ/.

I. To bow down, to descend.

a. intransitive. Of a person: To lower the body by inclining the trunk or the head and shoulders forward, sometimes bending the knee at the same time. Often with down.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > bend down

stoopc893

bowOE

aloutOE

fold13..

bendc1374

courbe1377

curb1377

inclinec1390

declinea1400

nuzzlec1450

buckle1600

doup1694

huckle1854

overbend1856

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (intransitive)] > stoop

stoopc893

lenchc1325

bow1842

huckle1854

c893 tr. Orosius Hist. vi. xxiii Þæt he swa oft sceolde stupian swa he to his horse wolde, & he þonne se cyning hæfde his hrycg him to hliepan.

a1225 Juliana 72 As ha schulde stupen ant strecchen forð þe swire [sc. to be beheaded].

c1275 Passion our Lord 559 in Old Eng. Misc. He adun stupede and lokede myd eye.

13.. K. Alis. 1103 Alisaundre anvied was; Over the table he gon stoupe, And smot Lifias with the coupe.

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 5613 He stouped down to seke a stone.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 394 I moste sitte..I may nouȝte stonde ne stoupe ne with-oute a stole knele.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4065 As lef me were her stope adoun, & lete gurd of myn heued.

1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) John xx. 5 And whanne he stoupide, he sai the schetis liynge, netheles he entride not.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13728 He stuped dun, and wit his hand He wrat a quil in to þe sand.

a1400 Octouian 1141 In haste the geaunt stupte adoun, With the left hond to take vp the fachoun.

c1400 Rom. Rose 2662 Than shalt thou stoupe, and lay to ere, If they within a-slepe be.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ix. xxxiii. 391 Thenne sir Tristram was ware of hym & there he stouped a syde.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vii. 119 He..smote the kynge loth vpon the helme that he made hym stoupe on the arson of his sadell.

a1500 Abraham 378 in Brome Bk. 66 But, fader, wyll I stowppe downe lowe, ȝe wyll not kyll me with ȝowre sword, I trowe?

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 737/2 I stowpe downe to take upe a thyng, je me penche.

1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Fiiij^v All suche as wayte on hym, stoupe downe & make lowe curtesie.

1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Pronus Thou stoupest downe & drinkest water.

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health i. 3 Stowping and rising oftentimes..these do exercise the backe and loynes.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. v. sig. E He..With so'exceeding furie at him strake, That forced him to stoupe vpon his knee.

1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1891) 253 A man on horsbacke, may well ride vnder it, without stowpinge.

1604 B. Jonson His Pt. Royall Entertainem. sig. E3 Beside her, stoup't on either hand, a Mayd.

1649 E. Reynolds Israels Prayer (new ed.) vii. 124 Angels..stoope down with their faces towards the mercy Seat.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 101 The Youthful Charioteers with beating Heart..Stoop to the Reins, and lash with all their force.

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. xiii. 423 Dorothée, now stooping to pick up something, that had dropped from among the papers, suddenly exclaimed [etc.].

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre III. viii. 194 He raised his head suddenly from the desk over which he was stooping.

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. xii. 198 He had just stooped to reach his manuscript, which had rolled down.

1900 L. Huxley Life T. H. Huxley II. vi. 65 To stoop over the microscope was a physical discomfort.

b. In Middle English poetry occasionally used for: To fall headlong. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > fall steeply or swiftly

of-fallOE

tumblec1330

stoopa1400

plumba1425

rushc1440

to ding downa1500

precipitate1608

plummet1845

nosedive1920

a1400 Sir Beues 3817 Taile ouer top he made him stoupe.

c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 3821 With his launce grete and square To Sir Abel grymlie he bare That he made him low stoupe Bakward ouer his hors croupe.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7256 He hit on his helme with a heuy sword, þat greuit hym full gretly, gert hym to stoupe.

c. Said of the head or shoulders.

ΚΠ

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) viii. 297 With hedis stowpand and speris straucht Richt to the kyng thar vay thai raucht.

a1577 G. Gascoigne Grief of Joye ii. li, in Compl. Wks. (1910) II. 536 Owre showlders stowpe, w^ch erst stood bolt upright.

a1630 Faithful Friends (1975) i. i. 95 The Sabines are in Armes, whose stuborne neckes these many yeares stoopt to the yoake of Roome.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 22 His Back, or rather Burthen, show'd As if it stoop'd with its own load.

†d. Of a quadruped: To crouch. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (intransitive)] > crouch

squata1425

stoop1590

clucka1640

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vi. sig. F2^v He would learne The Lyon stoup to him in lowly wise.

a1627 J. Fletcher & T. Middleton Nice Valour iv. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Xxx/1 This fellow..Stoops like a Cammell, that Heroick beast, At a great load of Nut-megs.

e. Of a dog: To put its nose to the ground to find a scent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [verb (intransitive)] > act in particular way

fawna1250

stoop?1530

kennel1552

fetch-and-carrya1616

to cock one's ears1714

beg1816

toll1851

trust1939

?1530 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry (rev. ed.) f. xxi^v It is harde to make an olde dogge to stoupe.

1781 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting vi. 85 When your young hounds stoop to a scent,..you may then begin to put them into the pack.

1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 583/1 (Hunting, fox) Stooping (of hounds), putting their noses to the ground. A hound is said to stoop to a scent when he has once taken to speaking to it.

2. figurative.

a. To ‘bow’ to superior power or authority; to humble oneself, yield obedience. Const. to, under. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit [verb (intransitive)]

onboweOE

bowa1000

abeyc1300

yielda1330

loutc1330

couchc1386

to come to a person's mercy?a1400

to do (also put) oneself in (also to) a person's mercya1400

hielda1400

underlouta1400

foldc1400

to come (also to put oneself) in a person's willc1405

subjectc1475

defer1479

avale1484

to come in1485

submita1525

stoop1530

subscribe1556

compromit1590

warpa1592

to yield (also bow oneself) to (also upon) mercy1595

to come in will to a person1596

lead1607

knuckle1735

snool1786

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 737/2 Thought you be never so prowde a varlet, I wyll make you stowpe or you go.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job ix. 13 He is God..the proudest of all must stoupe vnder him [Luther: unter ihn müssen sich beugen].

1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde Pref. sig. bj^v Stoope Englande stoope, and learne to knowe thy lorde and master.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Sii/1 To Stoupe, humiliare se.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 118 By the Scots that infested them out of Ireland, they were made to stoop.

c1640 J. Shirley Contention Ajax & Ulisses (1659) 128 Early or late, They stoop to fate, And must give up their murmuring breath, When they pale Captives creep to death.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xxi. 134 Here Drake received a dangerous wound, though he valiantly conceal'd it for a long time, knowing if his heart stooped, his mens would fall.

1646 H. Peake Medit. upon Seige 98 He hath..made his desires stoope unto his reason.

1666 Duke of Newcastle in 11th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1887) App. v. 14 His..victory over his enemies, which will make all his neyghbor kinges stoope to him.

1710 O. Sansom Acct. Life 43 Because I would not stoop under them,..to promise to go to no more Meetings..they Fined me Five Pounds.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 523 The Duke now seemed to triumph in Scotland. All stooped to him.

1752 E. Young Brothers iv. i Tho' Thrace by conquest stoops to Macedon, I know my rank.

1837 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece IV. xxix. 104 A Spartan generally found it the hardest of all things to stoop.

†b. To submit to something burdensome. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > absence of resistance > accept without resistance [verb (transitive)] > give in or submit to action, treatment, or events

undergoc1175

give place1382

receivec1384

obeyc1390

to go under ——a1400

servec1400

underliec1400

submitc1425

subscribe1560

resign1593

stoop1611

to let loose1667

to qualify on1753

1611 B. Jonson Catiline iv. sig. I Good, and great men, that know how To stoupe to wants, and meete necessities.

1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 105 Why should hee which knowes, and takes himselfe to be a man,..refuse to put vnder his shoulder and stoope to those ieopardies, burthens, and crosses.

1621 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 265 More losse then wee have reason to stoope unto.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 13 It had been better for them to have stooped to hard conditions with the Picts.

c. To condescend to one's inferiors or to some position or action below one's rightful dignity.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > degrade [verb (transitive)] > stoop to something unworthy

stoop1579

1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue f. 18 God..stoupeth and lispeth with us that we may understand him.

1661 R. Boyle Some Consider. Style of Script. (1675) 241 The Divine inspirer of the Scripture, ev'n when his style seems most to stoop to our capacities, doth yet retain a prerogative above meerly humane writings.

a1669 E. Stillingfleet 6 Serm. v. 195 Is Religion a beggarly and contemptible thing, that it doth not become the greatness of your mindes to stoop to take any notice of it?

1671 C. Trenchfield Cap of Gray Hairs 4 And though some Fathers..have undertook to give advice unto their Sons;..yet there's not any (that I know of) hath stoopt so low, to give advice to an Apprentice.

1687 T. Brown Saints in Uproar in Wks. (1730) I. 78 I can hardly believe that such nice, well-bred ladies, as those are, would stoop to so vile a drudgery.

1703 D. Defoe Let. Apr. in Hist. MSS Comm.: 15th Rep.: App. Pt. IV: MSS Duke of Portland (1897) IV. 61 in Parl. Papers (C. 8497) XLIX. 1 Nor is there anything so mean (which I can honestly stoop to do) that I would not submit to, to obtain her Majesty's favour.

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. xi. 169 If you can stoop to an alliance with a family so poor as mine, take her.

1773 O. Goldsmith (title) She stoops to conquer.

1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 195 Stooping from his high estate to sow the sweet flowers of poetry and song.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iv. 218 The Aquitanian Princes now and then stooped to pay a nominal homage.

1868 R. Browning Ring & Bk. I. i. 8 A Latin cramp enough..But interfilleted with Italian streaks When testimony stooped to mother-tongue.

d. To lower or degrade oneself morally; to descend to something unworthy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > become degraded or debased [verb (intransitive)] > stoop to something unworthy

descendc1350

precipitate1593

to forget oneself1597

condescend1640

stoop1743

1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas Ded. p. iv A British Seaman hath a Spirit too brave to stoop to so degenerate a Practice.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 96. ⁋5 Many whom their conscience can scarcely charge with stooping to a lie, have [etc.].

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xxi. 555 He..was incapable of stooping to an act of baseness.

1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn II. xxxiv. 8 Her son stooped to the most ignoble methods for rendering her life miserable.

a. Of a thing: To incline from the perpendicular; to bend down; to slope; to hang over.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline or be oblique [verb (intransitive)] > lean over

hieldc888

leanOE

stoopc1000

clinea1400

incline?c1400

acclinea1425

overheldc1450

paunch1577

sway1577

pend1674

list1929

the world > space > relative position > high position > overhanging > overhang [verb (intransitive)]

hangOE

to hang outc1400

stoop1422

overhang1567

overreach1610

beetlea1616

shelvea1616

oversail1674

impend1780

deject1825

whave1847

overtopple1855

c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 266 Ȝyf seo sunne hine [the new moon] onælð ufan þonne stupað he [i.e. has the concave side inclined downward].

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 151 U or he nimþ hede þet his tour ne hongi ne stoupi.

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 968 As flouris, thurgh cold of nyghte Yclosid, stoupyn in her stalkys lowe.

1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 233 He that hath a longe noose and Sum-whate stowpynge and strachynge toward the mouthe, he is worthy and hardy.

1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 234 Who-so hath a leiand Plate noose amyd, stoupynge to-warde the butte, he is a iogoloure.

1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. G^v The grasse stoops not, she treads on it so light.

1615 J. Taylor Faire & Fowle Weather sig. B1^v With a troope Of full mouth'd windes, that made great oakes to stoope.

1683 W. Temple Mem. in Wks. (1731) I. 419 Nimeguen is seated upon the Side of a Hill, which..stoops upon the River Waal.

1702 Mil. Dict. at Bomb Rowling down Bombs upon them along a Plank set stooping towards their Works.

1827 W. Scott Highland Widow in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. viii. 157 The rocks and precipices which stooped down perpendicularly on our path.

1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein I. ii. 38 He felt the huge cliff on which he stood, tremble, stoop slowly forward, and gradually sink from its position.

1885 Athenæum 23 May 669/1 The crests of the rushes..are not stirred sufficiently to make them stoop.

†b. Of a heavenly body: To bend its course downward; to begin to descend. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > move [verb (intransitive)] > set

setc1300

descendc1392

declinec1430

resconse1503

stoop?1615

?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) xii. 444 In Nights third part; when stars began to stoope; The Cloud-assembler, put a Tempst vp.

1631 R. Knevet Rhodon & Iris iv. iii. sig. G2^v I saw the blazing meteor stoupe, And bend his course toward the humble Center.

†c. Nautical. To heel over. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > heel or list

blencha1300

rolla1325

heelc1575

seela1618

list1626

stoop1663

careen1762

to lie along1769

to lay along1779

wrong1842

to roll down1856

1663 W. Petty Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) I. 103 Our vessel..hath sailed by and large, to the admiration of some hundred seamen..for..keeping a wind,..not stooping, staying and steering.

1691 W. Petty Treat. Naval Philos. in T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 121 The line unto which she stoops upon a Wind of either side.

1691 W. Petty Treat. Naval Philos. in T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 124 The Ship upon a Wind, is to stoop upon a certain Angle.

4. To stand or walk with the shoulders bent or the upper part of the body inclined forwards; esp. to have habitually or permanently this kind of attitude.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (intransitive)] > stoop > esp. in standing or walking

stoop1340

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 777 His sight wax dym..His bak waxes croked, stoupand he gas.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 185 In his elde þe stature boweþ and crokeþ and stoupeþ adoun.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. ii. 29 So olde that he stowped & quaqued for age.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 737/2 Sche is but a yong wenche and yet sche stowpyth and sche were an owlde woman.

1605 Proclam. Search T. Percy 5 Nov. He stoupeth somewhat in the shoulders.

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Chron. xxxvi. 17 The king of the Caldees..had no compassion vpon..olde man, or him that stouped for age.

1776 Pennsylvania Evening Post 30 Apr. 220/1 Two..servant women. One..tall and lusty, stoops in her shoulders.

1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. ii. iii. 142 Cissy, my love, don't stoop so.

1856 Compaing & Devere Tailor's Guide Cutting 9 A man stoops, when, instead of standing upright, he usually carries his body forward, and becomes shorter in front and longer behind.

1905 E. Glyn Vicissitudes Evangeline 89 She was very tall and thin, and stooped dreadfully.

†5.

a. To descend from a height. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > (as) from a great height

stoop1608

bend1815

1608 B. Jonson Descr. Masque Visct. Haddington 207 in Characters Two Royall Masques Is this a time to quit your carre? To stoope to earth? to leaue, alone, your starre, Without your influence?

1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island xi. xxxv. 154 Soon stoops the speedie Herauld through the aire.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 124 The winged Nation wanders thro' the Skies,..Then stooping on the Meads and leafy Bow'rs; They skim the Floods, and sip the purple Flow'rs.

1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) 152 The cloud may stoop from heaven and take the shape, With fold to fold, of mountain or of cape.

†b. To be lowered in amount or degree. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > decrease in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (intransitive)]

littleOE

setc1000

wanzec1175

lessc1225

allayc1275

wane1297

slaken1303

disincreasec1374

slakec1380

decrease1382

debatea1400

unwaxa1400

wastea1400

adminishc1400

lessenc1400

imminish14..

aslakec1405

minish?a1425

assuagec1430

shrinkc1449

to let down1486

decay1489

diminish1520

fall1523

rebate1540

batea1542

to come down1548

abate1560

stoop1572

pine1580

slack1580

scanten1585

shrivel1588

decrew1596

remit1629

contract1648

subside1680

lower1697

relax1701

drop1730

to take off1776

to run down1792

reduce1798

recede1810

to run off1816

to go down1823

attenuatea1834

ease1876

downscale1945

1572 W. Malim tr. Martinengo Famagusta 9 b All our prouision within the Citie stooping very lowe.

1608 G. Chapman Conspiracie Duke of Byron i. ii. 182 Your highnesse makes the light of this Court stoope, With your so neere departure.

a. Of a hawk or other bird of prey: To descend swiftly on its prey, to swoop (const. at, on); also, to descend to the lure. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > bird of prey > [verb (intransitive)] > swoop

stoop1575

swoop1837

the world > animals > birds > bird of prey > [verb (transitive)] > swoop at or on

stoop1575

scoop1605

hawk1825

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 123 The Almaines doe flee at the Pye with a lease or twoo caste of Falcons at once, and they make them to mownte and to stowpe.

1577 J. Grange Golden Aphroditis sig. Gij^v With lure I play the Faukner kinde,..I shake my fiste, I whistle shrill, but nought will make hir stoupe.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xi. sig. Z5 As when Ioues harnesse-bearing Bird from hye Stoupes at a flying heron with proud disdayne.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. iii. 317 A..Hawke..when the game is sprung, comes down amaine, and stoupes vpon a sudden.

a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 457 An Eagle cannot stoop at Flies.

1717 Visct. Bolingbroke Let. to Windham (1753) 147 Whether the priest had stooped at the lure of a cardinal's hat..I know not.

1781 R. B. Sheridan Critic i. i The follies and foibles of society are subjects unworthy the notice of the comic muse, who should be taught to stoop only at the..blacker crimes of humanity.

1825 W. Scott Betrothed vii, in Tales Crusaders II. 152 At length one of the falcons had reached a pitch from which she ventured to stoop at the heron.

1828 J. S. Sebright Observ. Hawking (new ed.) 27 The magpie is to be driven from his retreat, and the hawk, if at a good pitch, will stoop at him as he passes to another bush.

1848 C. Brontë Jane Eyre (ed. 2) Pref. p. xi Fielding could stoop on carrion, but Thackeray never does.

1895 J. G. Millais Breath from Veldt iv. 82 (caption) Tawny eagle stooping at wounded steinbuck.

b. transitive. = To stoop at or on. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > bird of prey > [verb (transitive)] > swoop at or on

stoop1575

scoop1605

hawk1825

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 154 Then shall you first cast off a well quarried or make Hawke, and let hir stoupe a fowle vpon a brooke or a plashe.

1583 T. Watson Poems (1870) 83 In time all haggred Haukes will stoope the Lures.

1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster North-ward Hoe v. sig. G4^v See the hawke that first stoopt, my phesant is kild by the Spaniell.

a1625 J. Fletcher Loyal Subj. i. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ccc4^v/2 He flyes to stoop our favours.

II. Causative uses.

a. transitive. To cause to bow down, bring to the ground; figurative to humiliate, subdue. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > make submissive

stoopc1275

to lead by the sleevec1425

to lead by the nose1583

subdue1598

woman1611

melt1668

to make a woman of1742

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > bring to the ground/lay low

layc888

afelleOE

to throw downa1250

groundc1275

to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275

stoopc1275

evena1382

abatec1390

to bring downa1400

falla1400

welt?a1400

throwa1450

tumble1487

succumb1490

strewa1500

vaila1592

flat1607

level1614

floor1642

to fetch down1705

drop1726

supplant1751

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12951 Mon ne mæi mid strenðe stupen [c1300 Otho stoupe] hine to grunde.

1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia ii. 153 [Caesar] that toyld To stoope the world and Rome to his desires.

1594 G. Chapman Σκìα Νυκτòς sig. Biij Shoote, shoote, and stoope his pride.

c1604 Charlemagne (1938) iv. 75 I cannot stoope the harte of Ganelon.

?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads vi. 407 The Gods may stoupe me by the Greekes.

?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) v. 321 He fell to felling downe; And twentie trees he stoopt, in litle space.

1616 R. Niccols Sir Thomas Overburies Vision (1873) 13 Hee, whose conquering stroke Did stoope our neckes to Norman rule.

a1630 S. Page in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1870) I. Ps. xi. 6 [The snares] of our own sins..Keep down our heads, and stoop us that we cannot look up.

1745 E. Young Consolation 44 Turn we? nor will hear..What they [sc. the stars] would impart For Man's Emolument; sole Cause that stoops Their Grandeur to Man's Eye?

1839 Blackwood's Mag. 46 279 The worst symptom is at home, in the wretched impolicy which stoops Government to the rabble.

1856 C. J. Lever Martins of Cro' Martin xli. 422 A very large, powerfully-built man, somewhat stooped by age.

1901 J. Barlow Ghost-bereft 65 The wind in the trees stooped the straightest that stood All its own way.

†b. passive. To be curved downwards. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [verb (intransitive)] > downwards

to turn down1584

stoop1681

1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. §5 i. 100 The Brasilian Frog-fish..hath a black Horn on his Forehead, stooped forwards.

a. To bow (the head, †face, neck, knee); to incline (one's ear). Also to stoop an eye on (? nonce-use), to deign to glance at.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body

clitchc1025

foldc1380

flexa1521

clutch1614

hingea1616

stoop1637

cock1698

cower1790

slouch1866

1637 J. Milton Comus 12 Thou fair moon..Stoope thy pale visage through an amber cloud.

1655 W. Hammond Poems 67 But stoop thine eare ill-councelld youth, and hark.

1771 ‘The Trifler’ Muse in Miniature 146 To him I stoop the penitential knee.

1777 R. Potter tr. Æschylus Prometheus Chain'd in tr. Æschylus Tragedies 56 Chorus. What, shall high Jove bend to a greater lord? Prometheus. And to a yoke more galling stoop his neck.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian x, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 236 With his face stooped against his hands.

1825 W. Scott Talisman vii, in Tales Crusaders III. 172 He then stooped his lofty crest, and entered a lowly hut.

1831 G. P. R. James Philip Augustus I. xv He pushed his way through the foliage, stooping his head to prevent the branches striking him in the face.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxii. 155 In getting through the rocks..I once had occasion to stoop my head.

1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche iii. xix. 34 Here Zeus, in likeness of a tawny bull, Stooped on the Cretan shore his mighty knee.

1904 S. J. Weyman Abbess of Vlaye xi This puling girl on whom the Captain of Vlaye had stooped an eye.

b. reflexive or quasi-reflexive = sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (reflexive)] > bend down

stoop1808

1808 W. Scott Marmion vi. xxxi. 362 She stooped her by the runnel's side.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iii. xii. 96 Where Coolin stoops him to the west, They saw upon his shiver'd crest The sun's arising gleam.

1849 D. Rock Church of our Fathers (1903) III. i. viii. 65 While he..stoops him down to read the legend.

c. figurative. To condescend to apply (one's thoughts, etc.) to something unworthy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > degrade [verb (transitive)] > stoop to something unworthy > direct (thoughts) towards

stoop1605

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. i. 6 Let other-some (whose fainter Spirits doo droope) Downe to the ground their meditations stoope.

1698 J. Collier Short View Immorality Eng. Stage i. 3 I'm sorry the Author should stoop his Wit thus Low.

1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. xi. 95 None stoop'd a Thought to base inglorious Flight.

1866 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lost Tales Miletus Pref. p. vii In this selection I have avoided..the more licentious themes, to which..the Boccacios of Miletus sometimes stooped their genius.

†9.

a. To let down, lower, ‘vail’. Often Nautical and Military to lower (a sail, an ensign). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > lower or let down

abeyOE

fellOE

to let down1154

lowc1330

vailc1330

revalec1475

to let fallc1500

bate1530

stoop1530

down1595

fall1595

embase1605

dismount1609

lower1626

sink1632

prostratea1718

1530 Bible (Tyndale) Gen. xxiv. f. xxx^v The damsell to whome I saye, stoupe doune thy pytcher and let me drynke.

1593 M. Drayton Idea ix. sig. K3 With that fayre Cynthya stoups her glittering vayle, And diues adowne into the Ocean flood.

1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 27 ^v Nor durst his slugging Hulks approch the strand, Nor stoop'd a top as signall to the Land.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion viii. 116 Nor with that Consull ioyn'd, Vespasian could..make them stoope their saile.

1639 S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events 180 Fortune is constrained to stoope her ensign before her.

1672 T. Venn Mil. Observ. 175 You shall see some Ensigns let fly their Colours, when they should sink them; and some to stoop them to Pesants or Comrades, when Superiors have gone unsaluted.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 24 They made many bows to the East lifting up the right hand to their head, and then stooping it down to the ground.

1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. 55 A Man must stoop his hand for his Friend, and raise him up towards his own Ground.

figurative.a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) Pref. sig. B4^v The highest points, which I haue carefully indeauoured to stoop and demitte, euen to the capacitie of the very lowest.

b. Of a bird, etc.: To direct (its flight) downwards.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > motion in the air > move through the air [verb (transitive)] > pursue (a flight) > downwards

stoop1810

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 88 Like the ill Dæmon of the night, Stooping his pinions' shadowy sway Upon the nighted pilgrim's way.

1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. vi. 140 This is not the way of the world, my good sir, to which even Genius must stoop its flight.

†10. To put down, stake (money) on a game.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > gamble at a game [verb (transitive)] > stake something in game

play?a1425

hazard1529

stoopc1555

to stake down1565

prizea1592

stake1591

gamble1813

buck1851

chip1857

to chip in1892

c1555 Manifest Detection Diceplay sig. Ciii^v He y^t will not stoupe a dodkin at y^e dice, per chaunce at cardes will spend Gods cope.

1591 R. Greene Second Pt. Conny-catching sig. C2^v The Conny-catchers..began to lay the plot how they might make him stoope all the money in his purse.

1592 ‘C. Cony-Catcher’ Def. Conny-catching To Rdr. sig. A3^v Some that would not stoope a farthing at cardes, would venter all the byte in their boung at dice.

†11. To plunge (a knife) in a person's body. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > use of knives > stab with knife [verb (transitive)] > thrust knife

stoop1662

send1687

1662 J. Lamont Diary (1830) 145 [He] was strangled in his bed priuately, and, fearing he sould recouered, a knife was stooped in his throat.

12. To tilt (a cask). Now dialect. Cf. steep v.² 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline [verb (transitive)] > place in a sloping position > tilt > a vessel

hieldc1200

stoopa1670

steep1837

a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) i. 59 To stoop this Vinacre to the very Lees.

1788 G. Keate Acct. Pelew Islands xxv. 312 The only conveniency they had of keeping water..was in thick bamboos, that had a bore of five or six inches diameter; these they placed upright, and stooped them when they wanted to pour any out.

1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. 161 Stoop the vessel sideways.

1838 W. Holloway Gen. Dict. Provincialisms To stoop, to put a piece of wood behind a cask that is nearly empty, so as to raise the hinder part, in order to let the contents run out.

13. To train (a dog) to ‘stoop’ for a scent. Cf. 1e.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping dogs or cats > [verb (transitive)] > train dog > train gun dog or hunting dog

stoop1781

walk1845

to shoot over or to (a dog)1868

1781 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting vi. 79 It is now time to stoop them to a scent.

1826 J. Cook Fox-hunting 23 You will soon find they [the young hounds] will ‘down with their noses’ without being unnaturally stooped to Hare.

Phrases

stoop knave and know thy master n. Obsolete rare = sweating-sickness n. [ < stoop v.¹ + knave n. + and conj.¹ + know v. + thy adj. + master n.¹ The precise motivation of the name is unclear; the sickness may have been so called because it was said to instil the fear of God, the ‘Master’, in the person suffering from it, or because it affected people from all social strata indiscriminately and hence showed itself to be a feared ‘master’.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > sweating sickness

swote1481

sweating-sicknessc1503

sweata1517

stoop-gallant1551

stoop knave and know thy master1551

English sweat1552

posting sweatc1553

sweatinga1585

sweating-fever1822

1551 in Archaeologia (1860) 38 107 The Swatt called new acquyrtance, alles Stoupe knave and know thy Master, began the xxiiij^th of this monethe [sc. June] 1551.

Compounds

stoop crop n. North American a crop whose cultivation demands stoop labour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > other crops

fleece1513

white crop1743

green crop1744

root crop1772

row crop1776

robber1777

mix-grass1778

breaking-crop1808

industrial crop1818

foliage crop1831

kharifa1836

scourge-crop1842

overcrop1858

by-crop1880

coppice-with-standards1882

sewage grass1888

trap-crop1899

cleaning crop1900

nurse crop1907

cover crop1909

smother crop1920

stoop crop1928

snatch crop1937

break crop1967

wholecrop1968

1928 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 10 Mar. 170/2 He does heavy field work—particularly in the so-called ‘stoop crops’ and ‘knee crops’ of vegetable and cantaloupe production.

1939 J. Steinbeck Grapes of Wrath xix. 316 Lettuce, cauliflower, artichokes, potatoes—stoop crops.

1967 PTA Mag. (U.S.) June 5 He was one of the migrant workers who follow the course of stoop crops through California fields and valleys.

† stoop-frog n. Obsolete an oppressor of frogs (the King Stork of the fable).Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1589 W. Warner Albions Eng. (new ed.) vi. xxxii. 143 This stoope-Frog Æsops Storke.

stoop labour n. North American agricultural labour performed in a stooping (or squatting) position.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > [noun] > type or spell of work or payment

plough-tail?1523

threaving1768

rounds1795

tut1800

yoking1812

bush-work1830

stoop labour1943

1943 Sun (Baltimore) 3 Aug. 11/1 Asparagus cutting ordinarily is a specialized stoop-labor job.

1959 Economist 7 Mar. 876/1 Some harvesting can be done mechanically, but most crops still require back-breaking ‘stoop’ labour.

1972 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 23 Apr. 13/2 Most moved down to southern Ontario to do back-breaking stoop labor in its sugar-beet fields.

1979 G. Swarthout Skeletons 89 There are eight million illegals in the country... It would be one thing if they were all agricultural—stoop labor, fruit- and produce-pickers, so on.

stoop tag n. North American = squat tag n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > hiding or chasing game > [noun] > tag

tick1622

hide-and-seek1724

tag1738

tig1816

touch-last1825

touch1828

widdy widdy way1832

touch and run1844

tiggy1845

widdy1859

Tommy Touchwood1876

pom-pom-pull-away1883

pull-away1883

squat tag1883

stoop tag1898

he1900

it1969

shadow tag1969

1898 F. P. Dunne Mr. Dooley in Peace & War (1899) 179 Little Flora an' little Fauna playin' stoop-tag aroun' a whale..or engagin' in some other spoort iv childhood!

1955 W. Gaddis Recognitions i. iii. 146 The critics!.. They're like a bunch of old maids playing stoop-tag in an asparagus patch.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† stoopv.²

Etymology: < stoop n.¹

Obsolete. rare.

transitive. To mark out with ‘stoops’ or posts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > boundary > bound or form boundary of [verb (transitive)] > fix boundary of > with stakes

stakec1330

stob1550

dool1656

stoop1663

post1712

to peg out1852

1663 W. Blundell Crosby Rec. (1880) 222 This course, as it is now used upon the marshes..was stooped out by me.. a.d. 1654.

1756 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 154 Ordered,..that the horse causeway..be repaired at the expence of the Corporation so for as it extends within our liberties; and to be stoop'd out.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

n.¹1439

n.²c1571

n.³1755

v.¹c893

v.²1663

单词	stoop
释义	stoopn.¹ Brit. /stuːp/, U.S. /stup/ Forms: α. Middle English stolpe, Middle English–1800s stulp(e, 1500s stoulpe. β. Middle English–1600s stowpe, 1500s stuipe, stouppe, stowppe, 1500s–1700s stoope, 1500s–1800s stoup(e, 1600s–1800s stope, stowp, (1600s stoppe), 1600s– stoop. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse stolpe. Etymology: Late Middle English stulpe, stolpe, < Old Norse stolpe (Icelandic stólpi, Swedish, Danish stolpe); probably cognate with Russian stolb post, pillar.It is doubtful whether the word has any connection with Middle Low German and early modern Dutch stolpe, stulpe lid (according to Kilian also beam, rafter), modern Dutch stolp, stulp, modern German stulpe (from Low German). The β forms may possibly partly represent a distinct but synonymous word, a. or cognate with Old Frisian stûpa, Middle Low German, Middle Dutch stûpe whipping-post, stake, punishment of flogging, Middle High German stûpe (from Middle Low German; modern German staupe) flogging. Now only dialect. 1. A post, pillar. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > pillar > [noun] staplec950 pillarc1180 stoop1439 stape1512 α. 1439 Rec. Carpenters' Co. (1914) II. 4 Paide for ij Stulpes and ye settinge up. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 481/1 Stulpe, or stake, paxillus. c1450 Brut 462 Whan the Kyng had riden thurgh Suthwerk, and come to the stulpes without London Brigge. 1490–1 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 167 Item, to Byrd, carpenter, for stolpes & Reylles, viij s. iij d. 1490–1 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 168 Paide to paris ffor settyng of stulpis and ledgis & nayllis..v d. in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 127 The cradle to have five stolpes, three at the head, and twoe at the feet, and the King's armes on the middle stolpe. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 277/1 Stoulpe before a doore, souche. 1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos ii. sig. E.j^v The walles with skalyng ladders layde, & stulps of scaffolds hie, And vp by stayres thei clyme. 1579 Abstr. Dewsbury Court Roll in Yorks. Archæol. Jrnl. 21 410 Roger Hirste shall make a newe gate and new stulpes. 1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Linguæ Latinæ II. at T Save that the transverse plank lay not quite on the top of the erect stulp, but across it a little lower. β. 1463 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 134 For a newe stowpe to ye grate yates, 10 d.1552 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1913) X. 112 Item, to ane turnour turnand stoupis of beddis and charis in the said castell..iij li. iiij s.1600 in J. P. Hore Hist. Newmarket (1885) I. 95 Whereas Hugh Wyrrall, gentleman, had caused a stoope to be sett on Doncaster More at the west end of the horse race.1682 W. Blundell Crosby Rec. (1880) 267 The stoop, commonly called the chair, where the horse course on Crosby Marsh doth usually begin and end.1685 C. Cotton tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. (1711) I. xxxviii. 335 Stoops dive deeper and deeper into the earth by being moved up and down.1709 in Slingsby's Diary (1836) 193 Upon her Lady-ships promise that the said Gate, & Stoups, & all things belonging to it should be hung.1756 M. Calderwood Lett. & Jrnls. (1884) ix. 248 A chair, with one carved bar close to the bottom behind, eight other turned bars, the stoops and four cross bars in the back, a rush bottom.1770 E. Heslerton Inclos. Act 6 Guarded with substantial stoops and rails.1822 E. J. Willson Gloss. Gothic Archit. in A. Pugin Specimens Gothic Archit. III. 13 Stoup. A post. A pedestal, or small pillar, for a statue to stand upon.1829 S. Glover Hist. County of Derby I. 190 Substantial stone stoops or posts for gates are in general use.in figurative context.1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1664) 254 Our Salvation is fastened with God's own hand and with Christ's own strength to the strong stoup of God's unchangeable nature. Mal. 3. 6. 2. figurative. A person or thing that supports or sustains; a ‘prop’, ‘pillar’. Scottish. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [noun] > that which or one who supports crutchc900 upholda1066 uptakinga1300 arma1382 postc1387 staff1390 sustainerc1390 undersetterc1400 potent?a1439 buttressa1450 supportalc1450 comfort1455 supporta1456 studa1500 poge1525 underpropper1532 shore1534 staya1542 prop1562 stoopa1572 underprop1579 sustentation1585 rest1590 underpinning1590 supportance1597 sustinent1603 lean1610 reliance1613 hingea1616 columna1620 spar1630 gable end1788 lifeboat1832 standback1915 a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1848) II. 411 Ledingtoune and the Maister of Maxwell were that nycht the two stoupeis of hir chair. 1640 R. Baillie Let. 12 Dec. (1841) I. 282 Since he heard of Ratcliffe prisoned, and Wentford's death, his two stoups, his heart is a little fallen. 1721 A. Ramsay To Ld. Dalhousie 2 Dalhousie of an auld descent, My chief, my stoup, and ornament. 1821 J. Galt Ann. Parish xxvi. 232 All [invited] in addition to our old stoops from the adjacent parishes. 1863 R. Paul Let. 23 Oct. in B. Bell Mem. R. Paul (1872) 266 He..is..a great stoop to the Free Church. 1896 J. M. Barrie Margaret Ogilvy ii. 26 He was a great ‘stoup’ of the Auld Licht kirk. †3. Cant. The pillory. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > public or popular punishments > [noun] > punishing by pillory or stocks > pillory or stocks stocksc1325 pilloryc1330 stocka1382 gofe1489 stretchneck1543 harmans1567 foot trap1585 pigeonholes1592 jougs1596 berlina1607 halsfang1607 gorget1635 cippusa1637 nutcrackers1648 catasta1664 wooden cravat1676 the wooden ruff1677 neck stock1681 wooden casement1685 timber-stairsc1750 Norway neckcloth1785 law-neck-cloth1789 stoop1795 timber1851–4 nerve1854 1795 H. T. Potter New Dict. Cant & Flash (ed. 2) 1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. 215 The pillary is called the stoop. 4. Mining. (See quot. 1881¹.) stoop-and-room n. = pillar and stall n. at pillar n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > for coal > types of footrill1686 post and stall1793 long way1795 stall-work1811 long-wall1820 pitchwork1858 stoop-and-room1881 stonework1883 strait work1883 stumping1883 society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > pillar or area of unworked material forbar?15.. pillar1591 whole1728 stalch1747 post1793 stenting1812 rib1818 stook1826 man-of-war1835 spurn1837 staple1839 barrier1849 shaft pillar1855 barrier-pillar1881 stoop1881 stump1881 1881 J. Sands Sketches Tranent 30 ‘Stoops’, or massive pillars of coal, were left to support the roof. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 182 Stoop-and-Rooms, Scot[land]. See Post-and-Stall. 1888 B. H. Brough Mine-surv. 7 The ‘post and stall’ system,..known..in Scotland as ‘stoup and room’, and the ‘long-wall’ system. 1890 Wallace Alston Moor 141 (E.D.D.) From these levels short cross-cuts were made..into the vein, and its contents mined by stoups. 1899 N. Brit. Daily Mail 21 June 5 The adjoining ‘stoop’ was finished last Wednesday. That was about half a mile from the pit bottom. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. (In sense 4.) † stoop bedstead n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1593 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 228 In the south turrett. One stoupe bedstead, teaster, valens and curtaines. b. stoop-road n. ΚΠ 1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 243 Stoop roads, roads driven in the solid or whole coal on the stoop and room system. stoop-side n. ΚΠ 1887 P. McNeill Blawearie 33 Hanging his lighted lamp on the stoopside. C2. stoop-net n. a fishing-net supported on a pole. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > net on pole pout net1443 sleeching-net1665 stick net1678 scoop-net1792 shoulder net1793 skimming net1806 stoop-net1806 dip-net1858 pole net1858 scoop1865 dipping-net1867 1806 W. M. Morison Decisions Court of Session XXXIII. 14271 The stoop-net is quite a different kind of net from the pock-net, being a much larger net, with the mouth of it fastened to three pieces of wood, fixed in the form of a triangle. To this triangle is fixed a large pole, by which a person in a boat holds it while he is fishing. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022). stoopn.² Brit. /stuːp/, U.S. /stup/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s stoupe, stoope, 1600s stop(pe. Etymology: < stoop v.¹ 1. a. An act of stooping; a bending of the body forwards; a bow. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > bending down > act of bend1529 stoopc1571 c1571 E. Campion Two Bks. Hist. Ireland (1963) ii. i. 77 The generall also himself digging with a pickaxe, a desperate villayne..watched his stoupe and cleft his head with an axe. 1605 B. Jonson Sejanus i. i. 175 Cor. Here comes Seianus. Sil. Now obserue the stoupes, The bendings, and the falls. Arr. Most creeping base! View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love Epil. Up starts a Mounsieur new come o're; and warm In the French stoop; and the pull-back o th' arm. 1760 C. Johnstone Chrysal I. ii. xiv. 239 Some unlucky stoop burst the string that tied his breeches. 1833 T. Chalmers Let. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers (1850) III. 370 A passage often narrow and requiring a very low stoop. 1885 Spectator 25 July 977/2 His trick was done by a peculiar method of stooping, and of concealing the stoop behind a skirt. in extended use.1684 R. Waller tr. Ess. Nat. Exper. Acad. del Cimento 130 The Amber being hung at liberty by a thread in the Air,..when it was rubb'd and heated, made a stoop to those little Bodies, which likewise proportionally presented themselves thereto, and readily obey'd its call. b. figurative. A condescension, a voluntary descent from superiority or dignity. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > [noun] > stooping to something unworthy stoop1638 condescension1642 1638 J. Shirley Dukes Mistris iii. i. E 2 b Have you obteyn'd so much As one stoope to your wanton avarice, One bend to please your inflam'd appetite? 1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar iv. ii. 59 Can I, can any Loyal Subject see With Patience such a stoop from Sovereignty? 1842 J. Sherman in Allon Mem. (1863) 294 To give us a claim to all His perfections..is such a stoop of the Divine Majesty as exceeds the utmost stretch of human imagination. 1857 C. H. Spurgeon New Park St. Pulpit II. 720 It would have been a stoop more immense than if a seraph should have changed himself into an emmet. 1890 Spectator 22 Nov. She certainly ‘stoops to deceit’ often enough for the stoop to leave a very vivid impression on the reader's mind. †c. to give the stoop: to bow; figurative to yield, give way. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > respect or show respect [verb (intransitive)] > bow, kneel, or curtsey loutc825 abowOE bowa1000 kneel?a1000 kneec1000 crookc1320 to bow the knee1382 inclinec1390 crouchc1394 croukc1394 coucha1500 plya1500 to make or do courtesy1508 beck1535 to make a (long, low, etc.) leg1548 curtsya1556 dopc1557 binge1562 jouk1567 beckon1578 benda1586 humblea1592 vaila1593 to scrape a leg1602 congee1606 to give the stoop1623 leg1628 scrape1645 to drop a curtsy1694 salaam1698 boba1794 dip1818 to make (also perform) a cheese1834 the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > absence of resistance > offer no resistance [verb (intransitive)] > give in descend?a1400 to give up the girdlea1400 submita1525 to give over1530 subscribe1560 yield1576 come1607 to give in1616 to give the stoop1623 buckle1642 incumb1656 to knock under board, under (the) table1692 capitulate1714 to strike underc1730 knuckle down1735 cave1844 to throw (also chuck) up the sponge1860 incline1866 to give (it) best1878 give way1879 to roll over1919 1623 B. Jonson Time Vindicated 90 To' haue giu'n the stoop, and to salute the skirts Of her, to whom all Ladies else are flirts! a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 186 O that a King should give the stoop to such as these? 2. A stooping attitude; a temporary or permanent bent position of the back or shoulders. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > [noun] > bent posture > stoop stoop1716 1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 20 Sept. (1965) I. 270 I can assure you that..a small stoop in the shoulders, nay, Gray Hair it selfe, is no objection. 1825 London Med. & Physical Jrnl. 54 210 On the Means generally used with the intention of curing a Stoop. 1862 M. E. Braddon Lady Audley's Secret I. x. 163 The lazy horses..dropping their heads with a weary stoop under the afternoon sunshine. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. v. 91 His tall spare frame had the student's stoop of the shoulders. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 77 Associated with the forward stoop is a tendency to take quick steps. 1904 A. C. Benson House of Quiet (1907) xix. 115 He was a tall thin man, with a slight stoop. †3. a. Descent, declivity (of a mountain); a downward slope or incline. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun] > downward downhielda1400 descencec1425 descent1485 descending1490 downfall1542 pitch1542 downhill1548 declinea1552 falling1565 stoop1611 declivitya1613 devergence1727 downslope1855 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. x. 543/1 As he was entring into Sauoy, at the stoope, or descent of the Alpes, very many of the..Peeres of England met him. 1711 Mil. & Sea Dict. (ed. 4) at Chemise When the Soil was sandy and loose; and therefore could not support it self, without allowing it too great a Talus, or Stoop. b. dialect. (See quot. 1854.) ΚΠ 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 300 Stoop, a fall of water in a river. 4. The action of descending from a height; spec. the swoop of a bird of prey on its quarry, or the descent of a falcon to the lure. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > bird of prey > [noun] > swooping stoopa1586 swoopa1616 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. ix. sig. Nn1^v More swift then falcons stoope to feeding Falconers call. c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxix. 8 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 205 Lett not these that soare to high, By my low stoope yet higher fly. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xxiii. 91 Like matter vaporous The spirit vanisht vnder earth, and murmur'd in his stoope. a1625 J. Fletcher Wit without Money (1639) iv. sig. G4 How daintily she [the lady] flies upon the lure, and cunningly she makes her stoppes. 1645 E. Waller To Mutable Fair 16 Poems 120 Now will I wander through the ayre, Mount, make a stoope at every Fayre. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 48 Some water-fowls subsist by making sudden stoops from above, to seize whatever fish come near the surface. 1823 Ld. Byron Age of Bronze vii. 19 Vulture-plumed Guerrillas, on the stoop For their incessant prey. 1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. iii. 62 Its stoop,..is very inferior in force and rapidity. 1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche ix. xii. 109 As an eagle..Drops in some combe, and not till lowest stoop Spreads wing for check. 1891 J. E. Harting Bibliotheca Accipitraria 230 Stoop, the swift descent of a falcon on the quarry from a height. Compounds stoop-necked adj. having the neck bent downwards. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > [adjective] > specific part of body stoop-necked1887 1887 C. G. D. Roberts Poems (1903) 56 Black on the ridge, against that lovely flush, A cart, and stoop-necked oxen. stoop-shouldered adj. having a stoop in the shoulders. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [adjective] > of shoulders crooked-shoulderedc1515 crump-shouldered1542 out-shouldered1579 crook-shouldered1580 round-shouldered1586 crumped-shouldered1603 round1702 hump-shouldereda1704 stoop-shouldered1748 huck-shouldered1847 1748 Pennsylvania Gaz. 27 Oct. 3/3 (advt.) Run away,..a servant man,..about eighteen years of age, stoop shouldered, his head leans forward, of a pale complexion. 1899 Royal Mag. Feb. 384/1 An old woman of seventy, thin, stoop-shouldered—from long years of bending over her cobbler's bench. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022). stoopn.³ Brit. /stuːp/, U.S. /stup/ Forms: Also 1800s stoup. Etymology: < Dutch stoep: see stoep n. North American. ‘An uncovered platform before the entrance of a house, raised, and approached by means of steps. Sometimes incorrectly used for porch or veranda.’ ( Cent. Dict.) ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > porches, balconies, etc. > [noun] > verandah veranda1711 piazza1724 stoop1755 stoep1797 porch1819 lanai1823 pial1869 screen porch1889 pendopo1927 sleep-out1941 1755 S. Curwen Jrnl. 4 June in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1916) 52 78 The Houses of one Story and a Stoop to each. 1789 Massachusetts Spy 20 Aug. 3/2 Several persons were in a stoop and at windows within fifteen or twenty feet from the tree. 1833 C. P. Traill Backwoods of Canada (1836) ix. 142 The Canadians call these verandahs ‘stoups’. 1837 N. Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. 13 July (1883) 58 Councillors seated about, sitting on benches near the bar, or on the stoop along the front of the house. 1856 S. Warner Hills of Shatemuc ii He was cleaning the harness of the wagon, and he took it out into the broad stoop outside of the kitchen door. 1892 R. L. Stevenson Across Plains i. 16 The clean, bright, gardened townships spoke of country fare and pleasant summer evenings on the stoop. Compounds stoop ball n. a ball game resembling baseball, but in which the ball is thrown against a stoop or building rather than to a batter. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > games similar to baseball > [noun] baseball1748 pat-ball1775 town ball1813 stickball1824 rounders1828 roundball1834 feeder1844 one-old-cat1856 softball1867 one-eyed cat1908 vigoroc1930 slow-pitch1934 fast-pitch1939 stoop ball1941 fastball1943 lob ball1949 whiffle-ball1954 Wiffle ball1955 T-ball1962 1941 B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? ix. 166 Kids yelling at each other in a stoop-ball game. 1947 Commentary May 463/2 As one of a large family of games such as stoopball..it demands an ability to maneuver freely. 1959 J. D. Salinger in New Yorker 6 June 102/2 Stoopball, for the information of rural readers, is a ball game played with the support of a flight of brownstone steps or the front of a apartment building. 1978 G. A. Sheehan Running & Being vii. 90 We knew our block... Knew which steps to get pointers in stoop ball. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022). stoopv.¹ Brit. /stuːp/, U.S. /stup/ Forms: Past tense and participle stooped /stuːpt/. Forms: Old English stúpian, Middle English stupen, Middle English–1600s stoupe (Middle English stope), Middle English stowpe, 1600s stoup, 1500s stoope, 1500s– stoop. Etymology: Old English stúpian weak verb corresponding to Middle Dutch stûpen (West Flemish stuipen , now conjugated strong), Old Norse stúpa (once, in infinitive; Middle Swedish, Swedish stupa weak verb, Norwegian stupa strong verb); related by ablaut to Germanic staupo- steep adj. For the phonology of the modern English form compare coop, droop, where Middle English ū before p has similarly remained unchanged instead of becoming /aʊ/. I. To bow down, to descend. 1. a. intransitive. Of a person: To lower the body by inclining the trunk or the head and shoulders forward, sometimes bending the knee at the same time. Often with down. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > bend down stoopc893 bowOE aloutOE fold13.. bendc1374 courbe1377 curb1377 inclinec1390 declinea1400 nuzzlec1450 buckle1600 doup1694 huckle1854 overbend1856 the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (intransitive)] > stoop stoopc893 lenchc1325 bow1842 huckle1854 c893 tr. Orosius Hist.* vi. xxiii Þæt he swa oft sceolde stupian swa he to his horse wolde, & he þonne se cyning hæfde his hrycg him to hliepan. a1225 Juliana 72 As ha schulde stupen ant strecchen forð þe swire [sc. to be beheaded]. c1275 Passion our Lord 559 in Old Eng. Misc. He adun stupede and lokede myd eye. 13.. K. Alis. 1103 Alisaundre anvied was; Over the table he gon stoupe, And smot Lifias with the coupe. 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 5613 He stouped down to seke a stone. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 394 I moste sitte..I may nouȝte stonde ne stoupe ne with-oute a stole knele. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4065 As lef me were her stope adoun, & lete gurd of myn heued. 1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) John xx. 5 And whanne he stoupide, he sai the schetis liynge, netheles he entride not. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13728 He stuped dun, and wit his hand He wrat a quil in to þe sand. a1400 Octouian 1141 In haste the geaunt stupte adoun, With the left hond to take vp the fachoun. c1400 Rom. Rose 2662 Than shalt thou stoupe, and lay to ere, If they within a-slepe be. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ix. xxxiii. 391 Thenne sir Tristram was ware of hym & there he stouped a syde. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vii. 119 He..smote the kynge loth vpon the helme that he made hym stoupe on the arson of his sadell. a1500 Abraham 378 in Brome Bk. 66 But, fader, wyll I stowppe downe lowe, ȝe wyll not kyll me with ȝowre sword, I trowe? 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 737/2 I stowpe downe to take upe a thyng, je me penche. 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Fiiij^v All suche as wayte on hym, stoupe downe & make lowe curtesie. 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Pronus Thou stoupest downe & drinkest water. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health i. 3 Stowping and rising oftentimes..these do exercise the backe and loynes. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. v. sig. E He..With so'exceeding furie at him strake, That forced him to stoupe vpon his knee. 1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1891) 253 A man on horsbacke, may well ride vnder it, without stowpinge. 1604 B. Jonson His Pt. Royall Entertainem. sig. E3 Beside her, stoup't on either hand, a Mayd. 1649 E. Reynolds Israels Prayer (new ed.) vii. 124 Angels..stoope down with their faces towards the mercy Seat. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 101 The Youthful Charioteers with beating Heart..Stoop to the Reins, and lash with all their force. View more context for this quotation 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. xiii. 423 Dorothée, now stooping to pick up something, that had dropped from among the papers, suddenly exclaimed [etc.]. 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre III. viii. 194 He raised his head suddenly from the desk over which he was stooping. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. xii. 198 He had just stooped to reach his manuscript, which had rolled down. 1900 L. Huxley Life T. H. Huxley II. vi. 65 To stoop over the microscope was a physical discomfort. b. In Middle English poetry occasionally used for: To fall headlong. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > fall steeply or swiftly of-fallOE tumblec1330 stoopa1400 plumba1425 rushc1440 to ding downa1500 precipitate1608 plummet1845 nosedive1920 a1400 Sir Beues 3817 Taile ouer top he made him stoupe. c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 3821 With his launce grete and square To Sir Abel grymlie he bare That he made him low stoupe Bakward ouer his hors croupe. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7256 He hit on his helme with a heuy sword, þat greuit hym full gretly, gert hym to stoupe. c. Said of the head or shoulders. ΚΠ 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) viii. 297 With hedis stowpand and speris straucht Richt to the kyng thar vay thai raucht. a1577 G. Gascoigne Grief of Joye ii. li, in Compl. Wks. (1910) II. 536 Owre showlders stowpe, w^ch erst stood bolt upright. a1630 Faithful Friends (1975) i. i. 95 The Sabines are in Armes, whose stuborne neckes these many yeares stoopt to the yoake of Roome. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 22 His Back, or rather Burthen, show'd As if it stoop'd with its own load. †d. Of a quadruped: To crouch. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (intransitive)] > crouch squata1425 stoop1590 clucka1640 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vi. sig. F2^v He would learne The Lyon stoup to him in lowly wise. a1627 J. Fletcher & T. Middleton Nice Valour iv. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Xxx/1 This fellow..Stoops like a Cammell, that Heroick beast, At a great load of Nut-megs. e. Of a dog: To put its nose to the ground to find a scent. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [verb (intransitive)] > act in particular way fawna1250 stoop?1530 kennel1552 fetch-and-carrya1616 to cock one's ears1714 beg1816 toll1851 trust1939 ?1530 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry (rev. ed.) f. xxi^v It is harde to make an olde dogge to stoupe. 1781 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting vi. 85 When your young hounds stoop to a scent,..you may then begin to put them into the pack. 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 583/1 (Hunting, fox) Stooping (of hounds), putting their noses to the ground. A hound is said to stoop to a scent when he has once taken to speaking to it. 2. figurative. a. To ‘bow’ to superior power or authority; to humble oneself, yield obedience. Const. to, under. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit [verb (intransitive)] onboweOE bowa1000 abeyc1300 yielda1330 loutc1330 couchc1386 to come to a person's mercy?a1400 to do (also put) oneself in (also to) a person's mercya1400 hielda1400 underlouta1400 foldc1400 to come (also to put oneself) in a person's willc1405 subjectc1475 defer1479 avale1484 to come in1485 submita1525 submita1525 stoop1530 subscribe1556 compromit1590 warpa1592 to yield (also bow oneself) to (also upon) mercy1595 to come in will to a person1596 lead1607 knuckle1735 snool1786 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 737/2 Thought you be never so prowde a varlet, I wyll make you stowpe or you go. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job ix. 13 He is God..the proudest of all must stoupe vnder him [Luther: unter ihn müssen sich beugen]. 1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde Pref. sig. bj^v Stoope Englande stoope, and learne to knowe thy lorde and master. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Sii/1 To Stoupe, humiliare se. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 118 By the Scots that infested them out of Ireland, they were made to stoop. c1640 J. Shirley Contention Ajax & Ulisses (1659) 128 Early or late, They stoop to fate, And must give up their murmuring breath, When they pale Captives creep to death. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xxi. 134 Here Drake received a dangerous wound, though he valiantly conceal'd it for a long time, knowing if his heart stooped, his mens would fall. 1646 H. Peake Medit. upon Seige 98 He hath..made his desires stoope unto his reason. 1666 Duke of Newcastle in 11th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1887) App. v. 14 His..victory over his enemies, which will make all his neyghbor kinges stoope to him. 1710 O. Sansom Acct. Life 43 Because I would not stoop under them,..to promise to go to no more Meetings..they Fined me Five Pounds. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 523 The Duke now seemed to triumph in Scotland. All stooped to him. 1752 E. Young Brothers iv. i Tho' Thrace by conquest stoops to Macedon, I know my rank. 1837 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece IV. xxix. 104 A Spartan generally found it the hardest of all things to stoop. †b. To submit to something burdensome. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > absence of resistance > accept without resistance [verb (transitive)] > give in or submit to action, treatment, or events undergoc1175 give place1382 receivec1384 obeyc1390 to go under ——a1400 servec1400 underliec1400 submitc1425 subscribe1560 resign1593 stoop1611 to let loose1667 to qualify on1753 1611 B. Jonson Catiline iv. sig. I Good, and great men, that know how To stoupe to wants, and meete necessities. View more context for this quotation 1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 105 Why should hee which knowes, and takes himselfe to be a man,..refuse to put vnder his shoulder and stoope to those ieopardies, burthens, and crosses. 1621 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 265 More losse then wee have reason to stoope unto. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 13 It had been better for them to have stooped to hard conditions with the Picts. c. To condescend to one's inferiors or to some position or action below one's rightful dignity. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > degrade [verb (transitive)] > stoop to something unworthy stoop1579 1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue f. 18 God..stoupeth and lispeth with us that we may understand him. 1661 R. Boyle Some Consider. Style of Script. (1675) 241 The Divine inspirer of the Scripture, ev'n when his style seems most to stoop to our capacities, doth yet retain a prerogative above meerly humane writings. a1669 E. Stillingfleet 6 Serm. v. 195 Is Religion a beggarly and contemptible thing, that it doth not become the greatness of your mindes to stoop to take any notice of it? 1671 C. Trenchfield Cap of Gray Hairs 4 And though some Fathers..have undertook to give advice unto their Sons;..yet there's not any (that I know of) hath stoopt so low, to give advice to an Apprentice. 1687 T. Brown Saints in Uproar in Wks. (1730) I. 78 I can hardly believe that such nice, well-bred ladies, as those are, would stoop to so vile a drudgery. 1703 D. Defoe Let. Apr. in Hist. MSS Comm.: 15th Rep.: App. Pt. IV: MSS Duke of Portland (1897) IV. 61 in Parl. Papers (C. 8497) XLIX. 1 Nor is there anything so mean (which I can honestly stoop to do) that I would not submit to, to obtain her Majesty's favour. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. xi. 169 If you can stoop to an alliance with a family so poor as mine, take her. 1773 O. Goldsmith (title) She stoops to conquer. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 195 Stooping from his high estate to sow the sweet flowers of poetry and song. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iv. 218 The Aquitanian Princes now and then stooped to pay a nominal homage. 1868 R. Browning Ring & Bk. I. i. 8 A Latin cramp enough..But interfilleted with Italian streaks When testimony stooped to mother-tongue. d. To lower or degrade oneself morally; to descend to something unworthy. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > become degraded or debased [verb (intransitive)] > stoop to something unworthy descendc1350 precipitate1593 to forget oneself1597 condescend1640 stoop1743 1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas Ded. p. iv A British Seaman hath a Spirit too brave to stoop to so degenerate a Practice. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 96. ⁋5 Many whom their conscience can scarcely charge with stooping to a lie, have [etc.]. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xxi. 555 He..was incapable of stooping to an act of baseness. 1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn II. xxxiv. 8 Her son stooped to the most ignoble methods for rendering her life miserable. 3. a. Of a thing: To incline from the perpendicular; to bend down; to slope; to hang over. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline or be oblique [verb (intransitive)] > lean over hieldc888 leanOE stoopc1000 clinea1400 incline?c1400 acclinea1425 overheldc1450 paunch1577 sway1577 pend1674 list1929 the world > space > relative position > high position > overhanging > overhang [verb (intransitive)] hangOE to hang outc1400 stoop1422 overhang1567 overreach1610 beetlea1616 shelvea1616 oversail1674 impend1780 deject1825 whave1847 overtopple1855 c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 266 Ȝyf seo sunne hine [the new moon] onælð ufan þonne stupað he [i.e. has the concave side inclined downward]. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 151 U or he nimþ hede þet his tour ne hongi ne stoupi. c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 968 As flouris, thurgh cold of nyghte Yclosid, stoupyn in her stalkys lowe. 1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 233 He that hath a longe noose and Sum-whate stowpynge and strachynge toward the mouthe, he is worthy and hardy. 1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 234 Who-so hath a leiand Plate noose amyd, stoupynge to-warde the butte, he is a iogoloure. 1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. G^v The grasse stoops not, she treads on it so light. View more context for this quotation 1615 J. Taylor Faire & Fowle Weather sig. B1^v With a troope Of full mouth'd windes, that made great oakes to stoope. 1683 W. Temple Mem. in Wks. (1731) I. 419 Nimeguen is seated upon the Side of a Hill, which..stoops upon the River Waal. 1702 Mil. Dict. at Bomb Rowling down Bombs upon them along a Plank set stooping towards their Works. 1827 W. Scott Highland Widow in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. viii. 157 The rocks and precipices which stooped down perpendicularly on our path. 1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein I. ii. 38 He felt the huge cliff on which he stood, tremble, stoop slowly forward, and gradually sink from its position. 1885 Athenæum 23 May 669/1 The crests of the rushes..are not stirred sufficiently to make them stoop. †b. Of a heavenly body: To bend its course downward; to begin to descend. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > move [verb (intransitive)] > set setc1300 descendc1392 declinec1430 resconse1503 stoop?1615 ?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) xii. 444 In Nights third part; when stars began to stoope; The Cloud-assembler, put a Tempst vp. 1631 R. Knevet Rhodon & Iris iv. iii. sig. G2^v I saw the blazing meteor stoupe, And bend his course toward the humble Center. †c. Nautical. To heel over. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > heel or list blencha1300 rolla1325 heelc1575 seela1618 list1626 stoop1663 careen1762 to lie along1769 to lay along1779 wrong1842 to roll down1856 1663 W. Petty Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) I. 103 Our vessel..hath sailed by and large, to the admiration of some hundred seamen..for..keeping a wind,..not stooping, staying and steering. 1691 W. Petty Treat. Naval Philos. in T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 121 The line unto which she stoops upon a Wind of either side. 1691 W. Petty Treat. Naval Philos. in T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 124 The Ship upon a Wind, is to stoop upon a certain Angle. 4. To stand or walk with the shoulders bent or the upper part of the body inclined forwards; esp. to have habitually or permanently this kind of attitude. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (intransitive)] > stoop > esp. in standing or walking stoop1340 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 777 His sight wax dym..His bak waxes croked, stoupand he gas. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 185 In his elde þe stature boweþ and crokeþ and stoupeþ adoun. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. ii. 29 So olde that he stowped & quaqued for age. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 737/2 Sche is but a yong wenche and yet sche stowpyth and sche were an owlde woman. 1605 Proclam. Search T. Percy 5 Nov. He stoupeth somewhat in the shoulders. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Chron. xxxvi. 17 The king of the Caldees..had no compassion vpon..olde man, or him that stouped for age. View more context for this quotation 1776 Pennsylvania Evening Post 30 Apr. 220/1 Two..servant women. One..tall and lusty, stoops in her shoulders. 1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. ii. iii. 142 Cissy, my love, don't stoop so. 1856 Compaing & Devere Tailor's Guide Cutting 9 A man stoops, when, instead of standing upright, he usually carries his body forward, and becomes shorter in front and longer behind. 1905 E. Glyn Vicissitudes Evangeline 89 She was very tall and thin, and stooped dreadfully. †5. a. To descend from a height. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > (as) from a great height stoop1608 bend1815 1608 B. Jonson Descr. Masque Visct. Haddington 207 in Characters Two Royall Masques Is this a time to quit your carre? To stoope to earth? to leaue, alone, your starre, Without your influence? 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island xi. xxxv. 154 Soon stoops the speedie Herauld through the aire. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 124 The winged Nation wanders thro' the Skies,..Then stooping on the Meads and leafy Bow'rs; They skim the Floods, and sip the purple Flow'rs. View more context for this quotation 1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) 152 The cloud may stoop from heaven and take the shape, With fold to fold, of mountain or of cape. †b. To be lowered in amount or degree. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > decrease in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (intransitive)] littleOE setc1000 wanzec1175 lessc1225 allayc1275 wane1297 slaken1303 disincreasec1374 slakec1380 decrease1382 debatea1400 unwaxa1400 wastea1400 adminishc1400 lessenc1400 imminish14.. aslakec1405 minish?a1425 assuagec1430 shrinkc1449 to let down1486 decay1489 diminish1520 fall1523 rebate1540 batea1542 to come down1548 abate1560 stoop1572 pine1580 slack1580 scanten1585 shrivel1588 decrew1596 remit1629 contract1648 subside1680 lower1697 relax1701 drop1730 to take off1776 to run down1792 reduce1798 recede1810 to run off1816 to go down1823 attenuatea1834 ease1876 downscale1945 1572 W. Malim tr. Martinengo Famagusta 9 b All our prouision within the Citie stooping very lowe. 1608 G. Chapman Conspiracie Duke of Byron i. ii. 182 Your highnesse makes the light of this Court stoope, With your so neere departure. 6. a. Of a hawk or other bird of prey: To descend swiftly on its prey, to swoop (const. at, on); also, to descend to the lure. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > bird of prey > [verb (intransitive)] > swoop stoop1575 swoop1837 the world > animals > birds > bird of prey > [verb (transitive)] > swoop at or on stoop1575 stoop1575 scoop1605 hawk1825 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 123 The Almaines doe flee at the Pye with a lease or twoo caste of Falcons at once, and they make them to mownte and to stowpe. 1577 J. Grange Golden Aphroditis sig. Gij^v With lure I play the Faukner kinde,..I shake my fiste, I whistle shrill, but nought will make hir stoupe. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xi. sig. Z5 As when Ioues harnesse-bearing Bird from hye Stoupes at a flying heron with proud disdayne. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. iii. 317 A..Hawke..when the game is sprung, comes down amaine, and stoupes vpon a sudden. a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 457 An Eagle cannot stoop at Flies. 1717 Visct. Bolingbroke Let. to Windham (1753) 147 Whether the priest had stooped at the lure of a cardinal's hat..I know not. 1781 R. B. Sheridan Critic i. i The follies and foibles of society are subjects unworthy the notice of the comic muse, who should be taught to stoop only at the..blacker crimes of humanity. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed vii, in Tales Crusaders II. 152 At length one of the falcons had reached a pitch from which she ventured to stoop at the heron. 1828 J. S. Sebright Observ. Hawking (new ed.) 27 The magpie is to be driven from his retreat, and the hawk, if at a good pitch, will stoop at him as he passes to another bush. 1848 C. Brontë Jane Eyre (ed. 2) Pref. p. xi Fielding could stoop on carrion, but Thackeray never does. 1895 J. G. Millais Breath from Veldt iv. 82 (caption) Tawny eagle stooping at wounded steinbuck. b. transitive. = To stoop at or on. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > bird of prey > [verb (transitive)] > swoop at or on stoop1575 stoop1575 scoop1605 hawk1825 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 154 Then shall you first cast off a well quarried or make Hawke, and let hir stoupe a fowle vpon a brooke or a plashe. 1583 T. Watson Poems (1870) 83 In time all haggred Haukes will stoope the Lures. 1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster North-ward Hoe v. sig. G4^v See the hawke that first stoopt, my phesant is kild by the Spaniell. a1625 J. Fletcher Loyal Subj. i. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ccc4^v/2 He flyes to stoop our favours. II. Causative uses. 7. a. transitive. To cause to bow down, bring to the ground; figurative to humiliate, subdue. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > make submissive stoopc1275 to lead by the sleevec1425 to lead by the nose1583 subdue1598 woman1611 melt1668 to make a woman of1742 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > bring to the ground/lay low layc888 afelleOE to throw downa1250 groundc1275 to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275 stoopc1275 evena1382 abatec1390 to bring downa1400 falla1400 welt?a1400 throwa1450 tumble1487 succumb1490 strewa1500 vaila1592 flat1607 level1614 floor1642 to fetch down1705 drop1726 supplant1751 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12951 Mon ne mæi mid strenðe stupen [c1300 Otho stoupe] hine to grunde. 1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia ii. 153 [Caesar] that toyld To stoope the world and Rome to his desires. 1594 G. Chapman Σκìα Νυκτòς sig. Biij Shoote, shoote, and stoope his pride. c1604 Charlemagne (1938) iv. 75 I cannot stoope the harte of Ganelon. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads vi. 407 The Gods may stoupe me by the Greekes. ?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) v. 321 He fell to felling downe; And twentie trees he stoopt, in litle space. 1616 R. Niccols Sir Thomas Overburies Vision (1873) 13 Hee, whose conquering stroke Did stoope our neckes to Norman rule. a1630 S. Page in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1870) I. Ps. xi. 6 [The snares] of our own sins..Keep down our heads, and stoop us that we cannot look up. 1745 E. Young Consolation 44 Turn we? nor will hear..What they [sc. the stars] would impart For Man's Emolument; sole Cause that stoops Their Grandeur to Man's Eye? 1839 Blackwood's Mag. 46 279 The worst symptom is at home, in the wretched impolicy which stoops Government to the rabble. 1856 C. J. Lever Martins of Cro' Martin xli. 422 A very large, powerfully-built man, somewhat stooped by age. 1901 J. Barlow Ghost-bereft 65 The wind in the trees stooped the straightest that stood All its own way. †b. passive. To be curved downwards. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [verb (intransitive)] > downwards to turn down1584 stoop1681 1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. §5 i. 100 The Brasilian Frog-fish..hath a black Horn on his Forehead, stooped forwards. 8. a. To bow (the head, †face, neck, knee); to incline (one's ear). Also to stoop an eye on (? nonce-use), to deign to glance at. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body clitchc1025 foldc1380 flexa1521 clutch1614 hingea1616 stoop1637 cock1698 cower1790 slouch1866 1637 J. Milton Comus 12 Thou fair moon..Stoope thy pale visage through an amber cloud. 1655 W. Hammond Poems 67 But stoop thine eare ill-councelld youth, and hark. 1771 ‘The Trifler’ Muse in Miniature 146 To him I stoop the penitential knee. 1777 R. Potter tr. Æschylus Prometheus Chain'd in tr. Æschylus Tragedies 56 Chorus. What, shall high Jove bend to a greater lord? Prometheus. And to a yoke more galling stoop his neck. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian x, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 236 With his face stooped against his hands. 1825 W. Scott Talisman vii, in Tales Crusaders III. 172 He then stooped his lofty crest, and entered a lowly hut. 1831 G. P. R. James Philip Augustus I. xv He pushed his way through the foliage, stooping his head to prevent the branches striking him in the face. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxii. 155 In getting through the rocks..I once had occasion to stoop my head. 1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche iii. xix. 34 Here Zeus, in likeness of a tawny bull, Stooped on the Cretan shore his mighty knee. 1904 S. J. Weyman Abbess of Vlaye xi This puling girl on whom the Captain of Vlaye had stooped an eye. b. reflexive or quasi-reflexive = sense 1. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (reflexive)] > bend down stoop1808 1808 W. Scott Marmion vi. xxxi. 362 She stooped her by the runnel's side. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iii. xii. 96 Where Coolin stoops him to the west, They saw upon his shiver'd crest The sun's arising gleam. 1849 D. Rock Church of our Fathers (1903) III. i. viii. 65 While he..stoops him down to read the legend. c. figurative. To condescend to apply (one's thoughts, etc.) to something unworthy. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > degrade [verb (transitive)] > stoop to something unworthy > direct (thoughts) towards stoop1605 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. i. 6 Let other-some (whose fainter Spirits doo droope) Downe to the ground their meditations stoope. 1698 J. Collier Short View Immorality Eng. Stage i. 3 I'm sorry the Author should stoop his Wit thus Low. 1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. xi. 95 None stoop'd a Thought to base inglorious Flight. 1866 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lost Tales Miletus Pref. p. vii In this selection I have avoided..the more licentious themes, to which..the Boccacios of Miletus sometimes stooped their genius. †9. a. To let down, lower, ‘vail’. Often Nautical and Military to lower (a sail, an ensign). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > lower or let down abeyOE fellOE to let down1154 lowc1330 vailc1330 revalec1475 to let fallc1500 bate1530 stoop1530 down1595 fall1595 embase1605 dismount1609 lower1626 sink1632 prostratea1718 1530 Bible (Tyndale) Gen. xxiv. f. xxx^v The damsell to whome I saye, stoupe doune thy pytcher and let me drynke. 1593 M. Drayton Idea ix. sig. K3 With that fayre Cynthya stoups her glittering vayle, And diues adowne into the Ocean flood. 1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 27 ^v Nor durst his slugging Hulks approch the strand, Nor stoop'd a top as signall to the Land. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion viii. 116 Nor with that Consull ioyn'd, Vespasian could..make them stoope their saile. 1639 S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events 180 Fortune is constrained to stoope her ensign before her. 1672 T. Venn Mil. Observ. 175 You shall see some Ensigns let fly their Colours, when they should sink them; and some to stoop them to Pesants or Comrades, when Superiors have gone unsaluted. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 24 They made many bows to the East lifting up the right hand to their head, and then stooping it down to the ground. 1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. 55 A Man must stoop his hand for his Friend, and raise him up towards his own Ground. figurative.a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) Pref. sig. B4^v The highest points, which I haue carefully indeauoured to stoop and demitte, euen to the capacitie of the very lowest. b. Of a bird, etc.: To direct (its flight) downwards. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > motion in the air > move through the air [verb (transitive)] > pursue (a flight) > downwards stoop1810 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 88 Like the ill Dæmon of the night, Stooping his pinions' shadowy sway Upon the nighted pilgrim's way. 1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. vi. 140 This is not the way of the world, my good sir, to which even Genius must stoop its flight. †10. To put down, stake (money) on a game. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > gamble at a game [verb (transitive)] > stake something in game play?a1425 hazard1529 stoopc1555 to stake down1565 prizea1592 stake1591 gamble1813 buck1851 chip1857 to chip in1892 c1555 Manifest Detection Diceplay sig. Ciii^v He y^t will not stoupe a dodkin at y^e dice, per chaunce at cardes will spend Gods cope. 1591 R. Greene Second Pt. Conny-catching sig. C2^v The Conny-catchers..began to lay the plot how they might make him stoope all the money in his purse. 1592 ‘C. Cony-Catcher’ Def. Conny-catching To Rdr. sig. A3^v Some that would not stoope a farthing at cardes, would venter all the byte in their boung at dice. †11. To plunge (a knife) in a person's body. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > use of knives > stab with knife [verb (transitive)] > thrust knife stoop1662 send1687 1662 J. Lamont Diary (1830) 145 [He] was strangled in his bed priuately, and, fearing he sould recouered, a knife was stooped in his throat. 12. To tilt (a cask). Now dialect. Cf. steep v.² 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline [verb (transitive)] > place in a sloping position > tilt > a vessel hieldc1200 stoopa1670 steep1837 a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) i. 59 To stoop this Vinacre to the very Lees. 1788 G. Keate Acct. Pelew Islands xxv. 312 The only conveniency they had of keeping water..was in thick bamboos, that had a bore of five or six inches diameter; these they placed upright, and stooped them when they wanted to pour any out. 1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. 161 Stoop the vessel sideways. 1838 W. Holloway Gen. Dict. Provincialisms To stoop, to put a piece of wood behind a cask that is nearly empty, so as to raise the hinder part, in order to let the contents run out. 13. To train (a dog) to ‘stoop’ for a scent. Cf. 1e. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping dogs or cats > [verb (transitive)] > train dog > train gun dog or hunting dog stoop1781 walk1845 to shoot over or to (a dog)1868 1781 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting vi. 79 It is now time to stoop them to a scent. 1826 J. Cook Fox-hunting 23 You will soon find they [the young hounds] will ‘down with their noses’ without being unnaturally stooped to Hare. Phrases stoop knave and know thy master n. Obsolete rare = sweating-sickness n. [ < stoop v.¹ + knave n. + and conj.¹ + know v. + thy adj. + master n.¹ The precise motivation of the name is unclear; the sickness may have been so called because it was said to instil the fear of God, the ‘Master’, in the person suffering from it, or because it affected people from all social strata indiscriminately and hence showed itself to be a feared ‘master’.] ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > sweating sickness swote1481 sweating-sicknessc1503 sweata1517 stoop-gallant1551 stoop knave and know thy master1551 English sweat1552 posting sweatc1553 sweatinga1585 sweating-fever1822 1551 in Archaeologia (1860) 38 107 The Swatt called new acquyrtance, alles Stoupe knave and know thy Master, began the xxiiij^th of this monethe [sc. June] 1551. Compounds stoop crop n. North American a crop whose cultivation demands stoop labour. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > other crops fleece1513 white crop1743 green crop1744 root crop1772 row crop1776 robber1777 mix-grass1778 breaking-crop1808 industrial crop1818 foliage crop1831 kharifa1836 scourge-crop1842 overcrop1858 by-crop1880 coppice-with-standards1882 sewage grass1888 trap-crop1899 cleaning crop1900 nurse crop1907 cover crop1909 smother crop1920 stoop crop1928 snatch crop1937 break crop1967 wholecrop1968 1928 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 10 Mar. 170/2 He does heavy field work—particularly in the so-called ‘stoop crops’ and ‘knee crops’ of vegetable and cantaloupe production. 1939 J. Steinbeck Grapes of Wrath xix. 316 Lettuce, cauliflower, artichokes, potatoes—stoop crops. 1967 PTA Mag. (U.S.) June 5 He was one of the migrant workers who follow the course of stoop crops through California fields and valleys. † stoop-frog n. Obsolete an oppressor of frogs (the King Stork of the fable).Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1589 W. Warner Albions Eng. (new ed.) vi. xxxii. 143 This stoope-Frog Æsops Storke. stoop labour n. North American agricultural labour performed in a stooping (or squatting) position. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > [noun] > type or spell of work or payment plough-tail?1523 threaving1768 rounds1795 tut1800 yoking1812 bush-work1830 stoop labour1943 1943 Sun (Baltimore) 3 Aug. 11/1 Asparagus cutting ordinarily is a specialized stoop-labor job. 1959 Economist 7 Mar. 876/1 Some harvesting can be done mechanically, but most crops still require back-breaking ‘stoop’ labour. 1972 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 23 Apr. 13/2 Most moved down to southern Ontario to do back-breaking stoop labor in its sugar-beet fields. 1979 G. Swarthout Skeletons 89 There are eight million illegals in the country... It would be one thing if they were all agricultural—stoop labor, fruit- and produce-pickers, so on. stoop tag n. North American = squat tag n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > hiding or chasing game > [noun] > tag tick1622 hide-and-seek1724 tag1738 tig1816 touch-last1825 touch1828 widdy widdy way1832 touch and run1844 tiggy1845 widdy1859 Tommy Touchwood1876 pom-pom-pull-away1883 pull-away1883 squat tag1883 stoop tag1898 he1900 it1969 shadow tag1969 1898 F. P. Dunne Mr. Dooley in Peace & War (1899) 179 Little Flora an' little Fauna playin' stoop-tag aroun' a whale..or engagin' in some other spoort iv childhood! 1955 W. Gaddis Recognitions i. iii. 146 The critics!.. They're like a bunch of old maids playing stoop-tag in an asparagus patch. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † stoopv.² Etymology: < stoop n.¹ Obsolete. rare. transitive. To mark out with ‘stoops’ or posts. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > boundary > bound or form boundary of [verb (transitive)] > fix boundary of > with stakes stakec1330 stob1550 dool1656 stoop1663 post1712 to peg out1852 1663 W. Blundell Crosby Rec. (1880) 222 This course, as it is now used upon the marshes..was stooped out by me.. a.d. 1654. 1756 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 154 Ordered,..that the horse causeway..be repaired at the expence of the Corporation so for as it extends within our liberties; and to be stoop'd out. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.¹1439n.²c1571n.³1755v.¹c893v.²1663
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stoopn.1

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stoopv.1

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† stoopv.2

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† stoopv.²