单词 | stopping |
释义 | stoppingn. I. The action of the verb; the result of this. 1. The action of stop v. in various senses. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > closing or shutting > stopping or blocking up forbarringc1449 stopping1487 stoppage1540 obturation1583 obstipation1612 interclusion1623 occlusion1645 stopping up1671 blocking1706 clogging1846 choking1863 society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > [noun] > filling gaps stopping1487 filleting1598 luting1608 lutation1611 beamfilling1734 grouting1793 sludging1852 stopping up1912 spackling1940 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing stringed instrument > [noun] > stopping strings stop1530 stopping1677 barre1900 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > paying (money) for labour or service > [noun] > depriving of pay stopping1697 the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [noun] > disbudding disburgeoning1601 disbudding1725 stopping1764 the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > obstruent > stop > complete closure check1669 stop1669 stopping1873–4 mute-closure1875 the world > food and drink > hunting > shooting > [noun] > shooting at flying birds shooting flying1727 flight-shooting1840 wing-shot1875 wing-shooting1881 flighting1882 flight-shot1887 stopping1902 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vi. 169 The vpcom wes then Dittit with slayn hors and men; Swa that his fayis, for that stopping, Micht not cum to the vp-cummyng. 1487–8 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 132 Paide to a dawber for stoppyng of an hole in Sir Iohn lovyers chamber,..iij d. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 114 Fyrst to the hunde it mycht gret stoppyn be. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Stoppynge of wynde, asthma, obstructio. 1592 F. Bacon Observ. Libel in Resuscitatio (1657) 125 For the Stopping of Traffique..I refer my Self to the Custome-Books. 1677 Ld. Guildford Philos. Ess. Musick 28 Pipes may be helped by the strength of the blast, and fretted Instruments by a favourable stopping. 1697 D. Defoe Ess. Projects 321 All discounting of Wages,..stopping of Pay, and the like, to be adjusted by stated and Publick Rules. 1764 Museum Rusticum IV. 18 I pinch off with my nail such branches as accompany the fruit, to the thickness of about two crown-pieces, which I call stopping. 1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 613 Pruning may be rendered almost unnecessary by disbudding, disleafing, and stopping. 1873–4 H. Sweet in Trans. Philol. Soc. 107 The voice stops (g), (d) and often (b) are weakened after vowels by imperfect stopping. 1875 E. A. Davidson House-painting 12 Stopping consists in filling in and making good all nail-holes, bad joints, cracks, &c. with putty, or with a paste made of putty and white lead, called hard stopping. 1881 G. Grove Dict. Music III. 717 Stopping, the technical term for the operation of pressing the fingers on the strings of a violin, viola, etc., necessary to produce the notes. Double Stopping is the producing of two notes at once. 1902 Land & Water 35 Oct. 616/3 Very naturally they [the boys] prefer a day's stopping [in the coverts] to a day school. 2. The placing of stops, punctuation. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > punctuation > [noun] pointing1440 distinction1552 punctuation1593 punctation1617 interpunctiona1631 stopping1728 interpunctuation1827 subpunctuation1891 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Stops, Stopping, in Grammar. 1837 J. H. Newman Lect. Prophetical Office Church 180 They use some anomalous criticism, or alter the stopping, or amend the text, &c. 1880 Bible (R.V.) Pref. iii. 4 d Great care has been bestowed on the punctuation. Our practice has been to maintain what is sometimes called the heavier system of stopping. 1902 T. S. Omond in Notes & Queries 9th Ser. IX. 276/2 His [Browning's] punctuation..seems an attempt to supply that rhetorical arrangement of clauses which modern stopping altogether ignores. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > [noun] > obstruction stoppinga1398 oppilationa1400 obstruction1533 stoppage1575 clausure1585 obstipation1612 infarction1689 congestion of an organ1803 heart attack1836 engorgement1872 infarct1873 MI1968 cardiac1972 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. xlix. 1314 Suche þinges openeþ stoppyng [1495 de Worde stoppynges] of þe spleene and of þe lyuour. 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. F 4 b They open the opilations & stoppynges that are wonte to be engendred in suche persons. 1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden cxlv The Extraction thereof is a Singular remedy against the yellow Jaundice, and Stoppings of the Liver, Spleen, and Womb. 1741 A. Monro Anat. Human Bones (ed. 3) 86 A Coryza, or stopping of the Nose from any other Cause. II. Concrete uses. 4. a. Something inserted to stop a hole, crevice, or passage. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > that which closes an aperture stanch1557 stop-hole1562 stopple1562 stopping1585 stopper1591 stop1771 stopgap1872 1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 264/1 Endiæum,..the stopping of the glister pipe, which is of cloth, and hangeth by a thred. 1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. 162 The access of air being prevented by a stopping of paste or mortar so made. 1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 259 The water in the inner pot..is prevented from escaping through its bottom by the clay stopping at a. 1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy 230 A stopping of yarn should be rammed into the socket of the pipe before the joint is made. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > decayed honey filling honeycomb cells stopping1609 coom1623 1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie i. sig. B6 So they might liue in secula if..the noisome stopping would suffer them to abide the hiues. 1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie vi. sig. G5 This kinde of hony..after a while it corrupteth, and..becommeth the sowrest and the most vnsavory of al things..which then they commonly cal stopping. c. Farriery. A pad charged with grease inserted within the shoe for the purpose of keeping the horse's foot moist. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > shoeing of horses > [noun] > horseshoe > parts of horseshoe calkin1445 sponge1566 stopping1566 calk1587 spurn1696 quarter1727 welt1758 heel1770 cock1789 cork1806 seating1831 toe-weight1901 1566 T. Blundeville Order curing Horses Dis. f. 100, in Fower Offices Horsemanshippe Stoppe him with Turpentyne and Hogges grease molten together, and layde on with a little toawe or flaxe, and then clappe on the shoe to keepe in the stopping. 1828 S. F. Gray Suppl. Pharmacopœia (ed. 4) 464 Stoppings for the feet. Tallow 2 lb. [etc.]. d. A composition used to stop holes or crevices. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > types of material generally > [noun] > material for stuffing or filling flocks1277 capiton1612 padding1640 wattins1690 wadding1734 packing1779 pugging1801 stopping1823 chinking1837 stopper1879 air foam1937 the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > that which closes an aperture > material or composition used for closure1651 packing1779 stopping1823 chinking1837 stopper1879 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 417 Filling up cracks and defects with putty, called stopping. 1883 R. Haldane Workshop Receipts 2nd Ser. 127/1 The ‘stopping’, as this mixture [of size and whiting] is called, is pressed into the cracks [of the picture] by means of a palette-knife. 1901 J. Black Illustr. Carpenter & Builder Ser.: Home Handicrafts 43 [Before painting] any knots or resinous places in the woodwork should be coated with ‘stopping,’ or red lead in varnish. e. Dentistry. The material used for stopping a hollow tooth. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > materials porcelain1845 investment1860 stopping1863 pack1923 1863 G. O. Trevelyan Lett. from Competition Wallah vi, in Macmillan's Mag. Nov. 24/2 As a dentist once said to me, ‘All is not stopping that glitters’. 1896 Punch 11 Jan. 24/2 You mustn't bite anything for two hours at least, or you'll spoil the stopping. 5. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water > contrivance for impounding water stopping1575 pen1585 stop1585 water stop1585 stank1604 headinga1641 stanch1767 stop-back1790 penhead1805 keep1847 stanking1883 1575 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 375 The banks and stoppings of the waters aboute Sowthe bridge. b. Mining. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > partition in mine stopping1708 buntons1839 bulkhead1881 dam1881 1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 18 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) Care of the Air must be taken in general, That it be not too much Dispersed, or too much Liberty given for want of Stoppings. 1791 Encycl. Brit. (Dublin ed.) V. 103/2 The passage..must be closed up..by a partition of deals, or by a wall built with bricks or stones, to prevent the air passing that way. This building is called a stopping. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 986 By means of such stoppings placed in the boards next the dip-head level, the air can be transported to the right hand or to the left for many miles. 1911 Act 1 & 2 George V c. 50 §42 (3) All stoppings between main intake airways and main return airways. 6. Archery. (See quot. 1801.) ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > arrow > [noun] > head of arrow > point pikeOE pile1592 stopping1801 1801 T. Roberts Eng. Bowman 294 Stopping, the extreme part or head of the pile, which is solid. Compounds C1. Combined with adverbs. (See the related verbal phrases under stop v.) stopping down n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > [noun] > reducing aperture stopping down1904 1904 Kilbey Hand-camera Photogr. 39 This is the chief use of ‘stopping down’. stopping off n. (also attributive). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > [noun] > processing > types of shaping process > adapting a mould stopping off1856 1856 G. Gore Pract. Chem. 77 ‘Stopping off’ to Prevent Deposition. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2407/2 Stopping off (Founding), a term applied to the filling up with sand of a portion of a mold, when the casting is desired to be smaller than the pattern from which the mold is formed. 1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §45/2 Small town,..stopping-off place. 1966 ‘A. Hall’ 9th Directive iv. 41 I'll need up-to-the minute information..final itinerary..stopping-off points, so forth. stopping out n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > intaglio printing > [noun] > etching > techniques stopping out1807 regrounding1831 retroussage1868 1807 J. Landseer Lect. Engraving 232 Either by partial stoppings out, or the increased pressure of his Etching-needle. 1838 J. Robinson in Newton's London Jrnl. (1840) 16 64 These stopping-out apparatus are not limited as to their forms or dimensions. 1880 P. G. Hamerton Etching & Etchers (ed. 3) App. 338 Stopping-out varnish. 1971 Time 27 Sept. 79/1 The trend of stopping out is growing..partly because the draft law now gives young men with high lottery numbers a new freedom. 1977 N.Y. Times 16 Jan. iv. 9/1 Stopping out..has become so popular on some campuses that the notion of graduating in four years seems almost quaint. stopping-over n. ΚΠ 1932 New Yorker 4 June 38 You leave Seattle July 9, and do a bit of stopping-over at Yokohama, Tokio, and other Japanese ports. stopping up n. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > closing or shutting > stopping or blocking up forbarringc1449 stopping1487 stoppage1540 obturation1583 obstipation1612 interclusion1623 occlusion1645 stopping up1671 blocking1706 clogging1846 choking1863 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > slip on which ships built or repaired > framework on which vessel rests > timbers supporting ship when launching ways1581 bilge-ways1769 dogshore1780 driver1781 slice1791 puppet1792 stopping up1805 dog1831 dagger1838 bulge-ways1850 poppet1850 trigger1867 society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > [noun] > filling gaps stopping1487 filleting1598 luting1608 lutation1611 beamfilling1734 grouting1793 sludging1852 stopping up1912 spackling1940 1671 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) at Suffocation A choaking, stifling, or stopping up of the breath. 1721 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husb. II. 330 The principal Cause that there hath been so much bad Cyder made in most parts of England, was the too early stopping of it up. 1805 Shipwright's Vade-mecum 136 Stoppings-up, the poppets, timbers, &c. used to fill up the vacancy between the upper-side of the bilgeways and the ship's bottom, for supporting her when launching. 1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 821/1 at Shipbuilding There should be at least two chains on each side secured to the fore-poppets,..and two on each side to the stopping-up. 1912 H. J. Butler Motor Bodies & Chassis 114 Opinion is divided as to when the stopping up should take place. Some painters do it now, while others leave it till the filling up..is done. C2. a. General attributive. (a) With the sense ‘bringing to a stand’. stopping effect n. ΚΠ 1907 J. H. Patterson Man-eaters of Tsavo xxiv. 279 As a matter of fact, however, it [the bullet] went clean through him [the charging lion] without having the slightest stopping effect. stopping power n. ΚΠ 1896 Times 16 Dec. 5/2 In the Chitral campaign the stopping powers of the Lee-Metford rifle bullet were shown to be so small that [etc.]. stopping quality n. ΚΠ 1898 B. Burleigh Sirdar & Khalifa vii. 106 The soldiers have no faith in the stopping quality of the Lee-Metford bullet. (b) With the sense ‘coming to a stand, halting’. stopping distance n. ΚΠ 1947 Highway Code 10 The good driver knows how stopping distances increase with speed, and drives accordingly. stopping-point n. ΚΠ 1854 Poultry Chron. 1 504 The improvement in these birds is so continuous, that it is hard to say where their stopping-point will be found. (c) With the sense ‘filling holes or crevices’. stopping-instrument n. ΚΠ 1862 Chamb. Encycl. III. 497/2 To be firmly pressed with a blunt-pointed stopping-instrument or ‘plugger’ into all the interstices of the hollow of the tooth. stopping-knife n. ΚΠ 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 422 Glaziers are likewise furnished with stopping knives. stopping-material n. stopping-tool n. ΚΠ 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 371 The plasterer likewise employs several small tools, called stopping and picking-out tools. b. stopping-ground n. Etching (see quot.). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > intaglio printing > [noun] > etching > ground soft ground1662 etching-ground1728 stop-ground1809 stopping mixture1815 stopping-ground1837 1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 442/1 The parts which are bitten-in enough, are now to be covered with what is called stopping-ground, which is a mixture of lamp-black and Venice turpentine. stopping house n. Canadian a house offering accommodation to travellers; a boarding-house or rooming-house. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > [noun] > lodging-place > temporary > for travellers, pilgrims, etc. schooleOE hospitalc1300 khanc1400 xenodochy?c1550 posting inn1556 vent1577 caravanserai1585 yam1587 serai1609 venta1610 post-house1611 xenodochium1612 imaret1613 seraglio1617 rancho1648 hospitium1650 watering-house1664 choultry1698 accommodation house1787 stage-house1788 spital1794 stand1805 resthouse1807 hospice1818 resting1879 stopping house1883 truck stop1961 1883 Prince Albert (Sask.) Times 18 Apr. 1/5 The road from Carrot River crosses the South Saskatchewan at this point where there is now a first class ferry and stopping house. 1912 H. Footner New Rivers of North 235 None of the stopping-houses along this trail have progressed beyond the most primitive stage. They provide a floor for you to sleep on and a fire-place, in some cases a stove for you to cook your food on; that is all. 1970 R. Paterson & J. Paterson Cranberry Portage i. 4 I got a stoppinghouse here... My rooms is all full up. stopping mixture n. Etching a composition to be used as a stopping-ground. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > intaglio printing > [noun] > etching > ground soft ground1662 etching-ground1728 stop-ground1809 stopping mixture1815 stopping-ground1837 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 767 If the ground be any where broken up, a composition called the stopping mixture, must be immediately applied to it. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > veterinary medicine and surgery > [noun] > veterinary equipment > other specific equipment button iron1566 stopping pan1566 probang1657 searcher1834 flea collar1953 1566 T. Blundeville Order curing Horses Dis. f. 85, in Fower Offices Horsemanshippe Then fill both his feete with Hogges grease and bran fryed together in a stopping pan. stopping-place n. (a) a place at which a person or thing stops; (b) Canadian History a stopping house, or a settlement where groups of travellers customarily stop for food and lodging. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun] > break in a journey > stopping-place on a journey gist?c1225 mansiona1382 baiting1477 station1578 mansion place1584 manzil1619 night stop1787 gite1798 outspan1821 halting-place1826 stopping-place1827 stepping-stone1849 waypoint1860 landing-place1861 stop-off1869 stop-over1881 siding1896 half-way1897 sit-down1898 pull-up1899 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > [noun] > lodging-place > temporary > for travellers, pilgrims, etc. > resting-place on journey baiting1477 baiting-placec1530 stage1603 post-stage1642 station1722 post station1749 station house1815 stopping-place1827 stage-stand1856 refreshment stop1880 pull-up1899 1827 A. Sherwood Gazetteer Georgia 37 Camp c. in the N.W. part of the Warren..and well known as a stopping place. 1836 C. Fox Jrnl. 31 Aug. in Mem. Old Friends (1882) ii. 5 Dr. Buckland was an outside compagnon de voyage, but often came at stopping places for a little chat. 1848 W. Templeton Locomotive Engine (ed. 2) 73 In nearing any station or stopping place, the steam must be shut off. 1878 J. M. LeMoine Chron. St. Lawrence 21 When being jolted in a two-wheeled post stage, without springs, over these villainous roads, the traveller will do well to fix beforehand the stopping places (for meals), as hostelries are few and far between. 1909 A. D. Cameron New North 28 We ‘make tea’ at Sturgeon Creek (the Namao Sepee of the Indians), the first of the ‘stopping-places’ or Waldorf-Astorias of the wilderness. 1950 Engineering 17 Nov. 387/2 Stopping places off the carriageway in the form of lay-bys. stopping rule n. Statistics any rule in sequential testing or sampling for deciding when an investigation should be terminated, dependent on the cumulative trends in the results obtained. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > rule for terminating investigation stopping rule1953 1953 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. B. 15 9 Thus if a history of the population is available over some period of time, λ + μ can be estimated from the observed number of incidents and the Ui, and λ/(λ + μ) from the proportion of the incidents that are births; the details will depend on the stopping rule. 1960 P. Armitage Sequential Med. Trials ii. 17 The design of the trial is determined entirely by the stopping-rule. 1978 Brit. Jrnl. Cancer 38 760/1 Investigators were also asked whether they used any formal or informal stopping rules for the early termination of trial if treatment differences should develop. stopping station n. one of the stations at which an express train stops. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station > other types stopping station1840 way station1840 flag-station1852 by-station1864 transfer station1869 junction1876 stationette1891 station house1891 halt1910 stub station1916 ghost station1928 whistle-stop1934 parkway1972 1840 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 3 32/2 One of the ‘stopping stations’ of all the second class trains being opposite. 1891 Daily News 3 Apr. 5/5 Only Bletchley,..Stirling, and Perth are stopping stations by these specially fast trains. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making footwear > [noun] > equipment or materials for > equipment > other thumb-stall1589 stopping sticka1600 dresser1600 heel-block1600 rubbing pin1600 stopper1600 petty boy1688 shoe-bench1841 shoe hairs1859 fudge-wheel1874 shoe-hammer1875 size-stick1875 trimming-machine1877 heel breaster1879 slugger1892 waist-hammer1895 waist-iron1895 a1600 T. Deloney Gentle Craft (1627) i. iv. sig. Civ The whetstone, the stopping sticke, and the Paring knife. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2022). stoppingadj.ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > excretory disorders > [adjective] > constipated > causing stoppinga1398 oppilative?a1425 costive1528 incostive1570 constipating1860 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cxiv. 1007 The wose and ius þerof [sc. caule] is rennyng..but þe substaunce wiþoute þe ius is stoppyng and byndynge. 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 66 The sede & roote of it [nymphea] with the yelow floure dronken with rede stopping and tart wyne ar good agaynst..isshues. 1608 A. Stuart Let. 8 Dec. in M. Lefuse Life & Times A. Stuart (1913) 206 I have sent your lordship some of the stoppingest meat that is [sc. cheese]. 1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus xxxiii. 103 Then you must resolve to live without Victuals, there being no meat in the world, but what may be excepted against, in saying this is windy, and that is stopping, &c. 2. That stops, in senses of the verb. ΚΠ 1676 T. Mace Musick's Monument 104 I must, with the Stopping Finger (only) cause the a, to sound, by taking it off, in a kind of a Twitch. 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 31 Aug. 4/2 If a stopping omnibus is an obstruction, so is a stopping cab. Compounds stopping oyster see a stopping (also choking) oyster at oyster n. and adj. Phrases 1c. ΚΠ ?1499 J. Skelton Bowge of Courte sig. Bv I haue a stoppynge oyster in my poke. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes i. f. 55v To a feloe laiyng to his rebuke, that he was ouer deintie of his mouthe and dyete, he did with this reason geue a stoppyng oystre. stopping train n. a train which stops at some or all intermediate stations on a particular line. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train > passenger train > stopping at some or all stations slow train1838 omnibus train1846 way train1846 stopping train1854 stopper1969 1854 Repts. Accid. Railways 23 The train book kept at Weedon station..shows the time of arrival and departure of every stopping train. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398adj.a1398 |
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