stratifyv.1
/ˈstratᵻfʌɪ/, U.S. /ˈstrædəˌfaɪ/ 1. † b. transitive. Chemistry. To place (metals and reagent substances or fuel) in alternate layers in a crucible, chamber, etc. Obsolete.
a. transitive. To place (one substance) in alternate layers with another. Usually with with. Frequently in passive. Also intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > a layer > be or become layered [verb (intransitive)] > alternately
stratify1661
1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 193 Crowfish..may be put into barrels, having myrtle leaves stratified.
1757 T. Birch Hist. Royal Soc. IV. 77 The way of making jessamine oil was to slit almonds or ben nuts, and then to stratify them three times with fresh jessamine flowers.
1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. Notes 38 Iron is found..stratified with clay coals or argillaceous grits.
1829 S. Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 3) I. 616 We find the hydatids..sometimes stratified with layers of albuminous and friable matter.
1845 G. Dodd Brit. Manuf. 5th Ser. 184 The hide is then transferred to a pit containing stronger ooze, or else is stratified with crushed bark.
1853 A. Soyer Pantropheon 240 They..wash them [sc. anchovies] in soft or salt water, and stratify them in barrels with salt.
1903 Amer. Manuf. & Iron World 27 Aug. 555/1 In the former case the serpentine occurs in crystalline limestone stratified with gneiss.
1941 Soil Surv. Benton County, Mississippi 19/2 Clay loam stratified with light-gray and very pale brown weathered shale and feldspar.
1979 Final Environm. Statem. Proposed Devel. Coal Resources Eastern Powder River Wyoming (U.S. Dept. of Interior) App. BUA-1/2 Light yellowish brown..fine sand stratified with thin lenses of sandy loam.
2006 P. T. Chandrasoma & T. R. DeMeester GERD 47 (caption) To the left and below the epithelium is tall columnar, while to the right it is stratified with occasional ciliated cells.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > a layer > arrange in layers [verb (transitive)]
stratify1669
story1692
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > other metalworking processes
burnishc1325
rockc1400
leadc1440
braze1552
run1650
stratify1669
shingle1674
snarl1688
plate1706
bar1712
strake1778
shear1837
pile1839
matt1854
reek1869
bloom1875
siliconize1880
tumble1883
rustproof1886
detin1909
blank1914
anodize1931
roll1972
1669 W. Rowland tr. J. Schroeder Compl. Chymical Dispensatory i. xiv. 21 To Stratify [L. Stratificare],..is when Minerals are laid with Powders, Layer upon Layer, first Powder, then Plates of Metals; then Powder, to the end.
1670 W. Simpson Hydrol. Ess. 6 Artificial vitriol..made by a cementation of plates of copper stratified with common salt and sulphur.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) To Stratify Gold and Cement..is to lay a Bed of Paste call'd Cement, then a Plate of Gold, then another Layer of Cement, then another Plate of Gold; and so on, till the Crucible be full.
1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory iii. 91 Stratify thin Plates of Brass in an earthen Pipkin with powdered Sulphur and Antimony.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 340 The iron..must be put into..a cementing pot, and stratified with powdered charcoal.
1826 W. C. Ottley Dict. Chem. & Min. Introd. Vocab. Stratify, to cause two or more bodies to act upon each other by placing them in any vessel in alternate layers.
1855 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci.: Elem. Chem. 438 Bars of wrought iron are stratified with charcoal.
c. transitive. To lay (seeds) in alternate layers with moist sand or soil; to preserve or promote the germination of (seeds) by stratification.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > sowing > sow seed [verb (transitive)] > germinate
to run out1719
sprout1770
germ1791
stratify1827
1827 Franklin Jrnl. & Amer. Mechanics' Mag. Oct. 285 Oleaginous seeds..require, when stratified, to be kept with great care separate from each other, in sand which is very fine, and very dry.
1872 Gardener's Monthly Sept. 262/1 There are other ways to stratify pear-seed, one of which is to mix it with sand.
1916 J. W. Toumey Seeding & Planting vii. 104 Some of the pines and junipers germinate so slowly that the seed is usually stratified for a year before sowing.
1949 Q. Jrnl. Forestry 43 169 The seed is stratified in wet sand for six weeks before sowing at a temperture of 34° F.
2014 Star-News (Wilmington, N. Carolina) (Nexis) 12 Apr. 1 d To stratify seeds, sow them in a container of potting soil, water well, place in a plastic bag and put in the refrigerator.
2.
a. transitive. Geology. Of natural forces: to deposit (rocks or other material) in strata or beds; to produce (a portion of the earth's crust) in the form of strata; to form strata in. Chiefly in passive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > sedimentation > [verb (transitive)] > stratify
stratify1794
superimpose1794
1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 49 They contain..other vestiges of organic substances; and are always stratified.
a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1821) II. 480 A vast mass of blue limestone, horizontally stratified.
1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. 554 While the glaciers were disappearing, many a stream or lake would have existed to stratify the drift.
1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man 37 If the mud pierced through had been thrown down by the river in ancient channels, it would have been stratified.
1902 Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow 12 28 Vegetable matter of various kinds, sorted by rivers, stratified by the agency of sea-water.
1954 Soil Surv. Crawford County, Pa. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 37 The parent material..has been assorted and stratified by moving waters.
2014 J. B. Adeyeri Technol. & Pract. in Geotechnical Engin. 155 The debris is reworked till the particles have been sorted, rounded and stratified by running water.
b. intransitive. Of clouds, a volume of gas (esp. the atmosphere) a body of water, etc.: to become stratified; to separate into distinct layers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > a layer > be or become layered [verb (intransitive)]
stratify1832
the world > the earth > water > lake > [verb (intransitive)] > stratify
stratify1935
1832 Methodist Mag. & Q. Rev. Oct. 471 The edges grow rugged and divergent, they are carried along by the wind and stratify in masses.
1856 T. B. Butler Philos. Weather i. 13 Currents of air do not mingle but stratify.
1935 P. S. Welch Limnol. iii. 15 Criteria which would make a lake include only those bodies of standing water which are of considerable expanse and which are deep enough to stratify thermally.
1961 Kiplinger's Personal Finance Oct. 20/2 Without circulation, the air stratifies. Warm air rises to the ceiling, cool air pools on the floor.
1980 R. S. K. Barnes in R. S. K. Barnes & K. H. Mann Fund. Aquatic Ecosystems i. 14 Water bodies stratify when stable density differences are generated, often as a result of surface heating.
2008 Mich. Messenger (Nexis) 1 Sept. In the summertime, the Great Lakes stratify—two distinct bodies of water, lying one over the top of the other, and a discontinuity layer between them where temperature drops rapidly.
c. transitive. In extended use and figurative. To form or arrange into strata or layers (esp. in sociological contexts). Frequently in passive. Cf. stratification n. 6.
ΚΠ
1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows i. xv. 43 Good lovers of our age to track and plough Their way to, through Time's ordures stratified.
1872 O. W. Holmes Poet at Breakfast-table ii. 67 Society stratifies itself everywhere.
1928 E. B. Copeland Nat. Conduct viii. 130 In a society stratified by the unequal division of wealth, industry and thrift are more necessary for the poor.
1945 P. H. Landis Adolescence & Youth vi. 112 The predominated influence of peer group associations in the large-school situation where age groups are stratified into large aggregates.
2003 R. Candappa University Challenged 99 Of course money is a crass and hollow way to stratify a society.
3. transitive. Statistics. To divide (a population) into subgroups in order to take a stratified sample. Cf. stratified sampling n. at stratified adj. Compounds. Occasionally also intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > collect or employ statistics [verb (transitive)] > group or arrange data
rank1907
stratify1929
ordinate1962
bin1970
1929 Jrnl. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 24 70 Yule pointed out that by stratifying the universe under study and obtaining a portion of the data for the sample by random selection within each stratum, one could ordinarily obtain a sample that would be more reliable than a random sample.
1967 G. Wills in G. Wills & R. Yearsley Handbk. Managem. Technol. 187 In most cases..the statistician can..stratify the list of 27,000 names [of shops] in terms of the region of the country they are in, [etc.].
1970 J. E. Freund Statistics xi. 285 Stratified sampling..can be very effective provided one stratifies with respect to truly relevant characteristics of the population.
1987 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 25 July 237/2 Patients were stratified according to age..and randomly allocated within each of these three age groups to operative or non-operative treatment.
2004 A. J. McMurray et al. Research iv. 83 Stratifying a population prior to sampling may reduce the sample size required to provide a representative sample.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† stratifyv.2
Obsolete.
transitive. To provide with a system of roads.Apparently only in the works of Christopher Wordsworth (1807–85).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [verb (transitive)] > furnish with a system of roads
stratify1860
1860 C. Wordsworth New Test. in orig. Greek: Acts (new ed.) Introd. 10 These military Roads of her [sc. Rome's] Legions became highways for the Gospel... Rome stratified Europe, and the Apostles evangelized it by her aid.
1881 C. Wordsworth Church Hist. I. ii. 15 The Greek Empire..had facilitated national intercourse by sea. The Roman Empire, by its great military roads, accelerated that intercourse by land. Greece and Rome navigated and stratified the world.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online September 2021).
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