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单词 straggling
释义

stragglingn.1

/ˈstraɡlɪŋ/
Etymology: -ing suffix1.
a. The action of straggle v.1
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [noun] > straying or going astray
vagationc1340
straya1400
outstray?a1425
will gate1440
out-way going1532
straying1548
out-straying1589
aberrationa1594
estraying1598
taveringa1599
straggling1601
wandering1711
1601 J. Wheeler Treat. Commerce 53 Such stragling by free, and vnfree English vsed in Germanie, and the townes of the Lowe Countries out of the Marte townes, is so vnseemely, vnmerchantlike [etc.].
1622 E. Misselden Free Trade 80 Having lost their Priuiledges, partly by their owne Stragling.
1847 Infantry Man. (1854) 99 The prevention of straggling is..part of the duties of a rear guard.
1862 Queen's Regul. Nav. Service 213 In cases of Desertion, a reward not exceeding 3l., and in cases of Straggling not exceeding 1l., is to be paid.
1893 Nation (N.Y.) 2 Feb. 86/2 Straggling cuts a considerable figure in Col. Allan's as well as in other Southern estimates of Lee's forces.
b. spec. in Nuclear Physics, a spread of the energies, ranges, etc., of charged particles about a mean value as a result of collisions undergone in their passage through matter.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > apparatus for detecting charged particles > [noun] > spread of energies, etc.
straggling1912
1912 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 23 902 After going a given time the α particles will have straggled out, and some will be moving faster than others. I have not succeeded in finding the amount of this straggling.
1930 E. Rutherford et al. Radiations from Radioactive Substances iv. 112 The first experiments to estimate the straggling of the α particles were made by the scintillation method.
1950 D. Halliday Introd. Nucl. Physics iv. 121 We can have straggling effects caused by varying energy losses in the source (source straggling), by departure of the beam from parallelism (angular straggling), and by characteristics of the detecting and recording equipment (instrument straggling).
1971 Canad. Jrnl. Physics 49 1015 (caption) Comparison of experimental and theoretical range and range straggling values of 224Ra ions in gases.
1979 Physical Rev. A. 19 111/1 Measurements of the energy straggling of 16O ions with energies from 5 to 50 MeV passing through Al foils of thickness 100–500μg/cm2 were described.

Compounds

straggling-money n. Nautical (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun] > deduction from pay > from soldier's pay > when leave overstayed
straggling-money1815
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > payment for capture or return of person or property > others
scalp-money1704
head money1713
bounty1764
straggling-money1815
1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) Straggling-Money, a compensation allowed to persons on their apprehending and bringing on board any stragglers, or deserters, from his Majesty's ships.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Straggling-money. If a man be absent from his duty without leave, but not absent long enough to be logged as run, and is brought on board, a deduction is to be made from his wages at the discretion of the captain; not, however, to exceed the sum of £1.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2020).

stragglingn.2

Etymology: < straggle v.2 + -ing suffix1.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈstraggling.
A method of rough-dressing a grindstone (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > [noun] > dressing stone
scappling1473
droving1819
plain work1823
broaching1842
stone-dressing1845
ragging1850
straggling1850
drove work1851
rocking1856
scutching1861
skifflinga1877
1850 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. III. 1109 In straggling, or ragging, the stone is kept running as usual whilst a piece of soft iron about a quarter or half an inch square..is wriggled against the edge of the stone by a motion of the wrist.
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Straggling, the process of working down the face of a grindstone to a regular shape, or of removing metallic particles which have become imbedded therein.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

stragglingadj.

Etymology: -ing suffix2.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈstraggling.
That straggles.
a. Of persons, animals, ships, etc.: Straying apart from companions or the main body; roving or wandering at random; †vagabond, vagrant. straggling mate: a stray member of a company.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [adjective] > straying or going astray
willa1325
wilsomea1375
errant14..
miswandering?a1425
straying1553
straggling1589
extravagant1604
wandering1606
roytish1648
erroneous1731
wildering1827
stray-running1914
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [adjective] > with no fixed aim or wandering
wanderingc1000
erringa1340
waggeringa1382
vagant1382
vagabond1426
erroneousa1464
fugitive1481
wavering1487
vagrantc1522
gadding1545
roaming1566
roving1576
straggling1589
rambling?1609
wagand1614
wheelinga1616
gadling1616
vagring1619
erratical1620
vaguing1627
erratic1656
planetical1656
waif1724
vagrarious1795
stravaiging1825
vagarious1882
pirooting1958
1589 Summarie Drakes W. Indian Voy. 36 Lest by some stragling Spaniards from the land, they might be warned by signes from comming in.
a1592 R. Greene Hist. Orlando Furioso (1594) sig. Bii What is Orlando but a stragling mate, Banisht for some offence by Charlemaine.
1592 F. Bacon Observ. Libel in Resuscitatio (1657) 121 A wrangling Neighbour, that may Trespass, now and then, upon some Stragling ships of ours.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads x. 178 To approue, if any stragling mate He can surprise neare th' vtmost tents.
1632 Swedish Intelligencer i. 116 In passing thorow which [forest] many of his stragling Souldiers were knockt downe by the Boores of the Countrey.
1637 J. Milton Comus 17 Hath any ram..Slip't from the fold,..Or straggling weather the pen't flock forsook?
1643 in W. H. Black Docquets Lett. Patent at Oxf. (1837) 20 For restrayning of stragling and idle people from following the Army.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. iii. 151 They had now and then a straggling canoe or two of Indians.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 276 Some miserable pasture, just sufficient to keep alive a few straggling, half-starved cattle. View more context for this quotation
1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India II. vii. ii. 143 The straggling survivors of his party assembled at the same place.
1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xix There were some straggling spectators besides, to witness the affair.
1866 M. E. Braddon Lady's Mile i. 1 Some half-dozen nurse-maids with their straggling charges.
1883 Coues in Encycl. Amer. I. 528/2 Aside from the straggling Haliaëtus albicilla and the South American harpy.., only two eagles are known to occur in North America.
b. Of a merchant: That trades in a market of which he is not free; interloping. Said also of trade thus practised. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > illegal or immoral trading > [adjective] > sordid or petty trading > intrusive or unlicensed trading
straggling1601
1601 J. Wheeler Treat. Commerce 54 The gouerned and well~ordered trade of the M.M. Aduenturers Companie, is farre to be preferred before a dispersed, stragling, and promiscuous trade.
1601 J. Wheeler Treat. Commerce 55 A number of stragling Marchants resorting thither out of this Realme, the trade was vtterly spoiled.
1622 E. Misselden Free Trade 81 Which is an effect of a stragling vngouerned Trade.
a1626 J. Horsey Disc. Imploym. in E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. (1856) App. ii. 290 All interloperes and straglyng Englishemene lyving in that contrey [sc. Russia].
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 21/1 This traffic [in second-hand weapons], which is known as a ‘straggling’ trade, pursued by men who are at the same time pursuing other street-callings.]
c. Of hair, plants, a hedge, etc.: Growing irregularly or dispersedly; shooting or spreading too far.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by poor growth > [adjective] > spindly or straggling
spindly1655
straggling1674
spindling1750
gangling1818
speary1821
spindled1855
gangly1886
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > absence of arrangement > [adjective] > irregularly arranged > specifically of plants or hair
straggling1674
1674 A. Cremer tr. J. Scheffer Hist. Lapland 12 Their hair is thin, short and flaggy, their beard stragling and scarce covers their chins.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 60 Twine The Sallow Twigs to tye the stragling Vine. View more context for this quotation
1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 254 Take off the Roots that are too long, and stragling.
1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 193 Beside yon straggling fence that skirts the way.
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 446 First we stroke An eye-brow; next, compose a straggling lock.
1851 A. Helps Compan. Solitude vi. 85 She..held up a straggling but pretty weed.
1860 W. M. Thackeray Lovel (1861) ii. 48 This gentleman with..the straggling beard.
1862 M. E. Braddon Lady Audley's Secret I. i. 3 They must have fallen but for the straggling ivy.
d. of inanimate moving objects, of the direction or course of a moving body, of handwriting, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > [adjective] > heading in different directions
stragglinga1560
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > [adjective] > moving without fixed course
vaganta1382
scatteringc1450
stragglinga1560
wandering1590
undirecteda1599
wayless1605
planetary1607
rambling?1609
exorbitant1613
exorbitating1632
random1655
unconducteda1677
devious1735
truant1791
wild1810
erratic1841
directionless1860
scrolloping1923
a1560 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Nyne Fyrst Bks. Eneidos (1562) ix. sig. Cciijv I se ye stragling starrs yt from the poale their course declynes.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. A 5 I doubt not nowe but to escape a few stragling shot in a light skirmish.
1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) x. T 3 b Hence nature did His straggling waues within high mountaines hide.
1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto VII lxxxvi. 108 With straggling light The stars peep through the vapours.
1847 C. J. Lever Knight of Gwynne xxiii The writing was straggling and irregular.
1871 L. Stephen Playground of Europe (1894) v. 134 We marched steadily forwards in a long straggling line.
e. figurative of immaterial things (e.g. thoughts, looks, words).
ΚΠ
1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. G3v When your straggling eye..would be gadding throughout euerie corner of our companie.
1608 Downame in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1909) Apr. 245 A few stragling sentences quoted out of the Fathers.
1614 D. Dyke Myst. Selfe-deceiuing xxii. 276 The spirit of prayer..chaseth away all stragling thoughts.
1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 10 May I speake more, for I am in a vaine, To cull strange things out of a stragling braine.
1676 W. Wycherley Plain-dealer ii. i Oliv. He a Wit!..he's only an Adopter of stragling Jests and fatherless Lampoons.
1678 T. Shadwell Hist. Timon iii. 50 O stragling Senses whither are you going?
1747 Frauds & Abuses Coal Trade (ed. 3) 13 To be Runner to a Coal-Owner to distribute Bills, and collect straggling Debts.
1854 T. Carlyle Jrnl. 29 Apr. in J. A. Froude T. Carlyle: Life in London (1884) II. xxii. 156 It must have been fourteen years later before I..began to have some distant straggling acquaintance of a personal kind with him.
f. Of stationary objects: Scattered or arranged irregularly. Of a road, tract of country: Winding irregularly, having an irregular outline. Of a house, town, etc.: Built irregularly and uncompactly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > absence of arrangement > [adjective] > irregularly arranged
straggling1604
extravagant1608
scattering1610
squanderinga1616
scambling1702
scragglinga1722
wandering1785
straggly1862
straggled1884
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. v. 217 There are two different kindes [of silver], the one they call stragling, the other fixed and setled.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey iii. 150 In the vally on the East side of the Citie, are many stragling buildings.
1700 J. Dryden Char. Good Parson in Fables 533 Wide was his Parish; not contracted close In Streets, but here and there a straggling House.
1751 S. Whatley England's Gazetteer at Bicister 'Tis a long, straggling T.
1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 2nd Ser. 248 That..ungainly looking man,..with the straggling black trousers, which reach about half-way down the leg of his boots.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice II. v. i. 73 A straggling, irregular, but picturesque building.
1860 A. Trollope Castle Richmond I. vi. 99 The straggling mahogany table in the centre of the room, whose rickety legs gave way and came off whenever an attempt was made to move it.
1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirlaugh II. 187 An inn with a straggling collection of houses near it.
1894 S. J. Weyman Under Red Robe ii The cottages..ran in a straggling double line with many gaps.
g. Occurring casually or occasionally, ‘stray’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adjective]
seld1398
seldom1483
rare1565
secular1599
unfrequent1611
straggling1618
infrequent1622
unobvious1643
far-between1743
rarish1772
unwonted1785
sporadic1842
low frequency1946
1618 in J. Charnock Hist. Mar. Archit. (1801) II. 231 Wherein is sett downe how of the 182 sailes wanting, 104 may be supplyed with stragling sailes of other shipps.

Derivatives

ˈstragglingly adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > absence of arrangement > [adverb] > with irregular arrangement
at, to (the) straggle1488
stragglingly1579
extravagantly1623
disordinately1830
scatter-wise1875
dislocatedly1883
sprawlingly1921
1579–80 T. North tr. Dion in Plutarch Lives (1595) 1047 The other that could not get in in time, fledde straglingly vp and downe.
1650 A. B. Mutatus Polemo 24 So they stragglingly departed like fools.
1668 London Gaz. No. 230/2 About 160 German Souldiers being straglingly arrived at Milan, were by the Governours Order disposed of.
1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Compl. Gard'ner ii. vi. vi. 190 If we be not careful to thin it,..it..grows weak, and shoots its Leaves straglingly outward.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 220 [The Tartars] have but little beard, which grows straglingly on the chin.
1818 Ann. Reg., Chron., etc. 479/1 The town stands stragglingly on an abrupt slope.
1884 W. D. Howells in Harper's Mag. Dec. 125/1 Roberts, Lawton, and Bemis follow stragglingly.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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n.11601n.21850adj.a1560
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