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单词 stroke
释义

stroken.1

Brit. /strəʊk/, U.S. /stroʊk/
Forms: α. Middle English stroc, Middle English–1600s strok, Middle English strook, Middle English–1700s strooke, 1500s strocke, 1500s–1600s stroake, 1500s–1700s strock, 1600s–1700s stroak, 1800s dialect strauk, Middle English– stroke. β. Scottish and northernMiddle English–1500s strak, Middle English–1700s strake, ScottishMiddle English–1800s straik, 1500s strack, strek, strayk, plural strax.
Etymology: Middle English (late 13th cent.) strōk , northern strāk , probably representing an unrecorded Old English *strác = (Middle) Low German strêk , Dutch streek (masculine), Middle High German, modern German streich masculine < Germanic *straiko-z , < *straik- ablaut-variant of *strῑk- : see strike v.
1. An act of striking; a blow given or received.
a. A blow with the hand or a weapon (occasionally with the paw of an animal, the claws or beak of a bird, etc.) inflicted on or aimed at a living being. Sometimes (now rarely) applied to the thrust of a pointed weapon. to †smite, strike a stroke: see those verbs. †to come to strokes = to come to blows. †within one's stroke; within reach of one's weapon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > [noun] > a stroke or blow
dintc897
swengOE
shutec1000
kill?c1225
swipc1275
stroke1297
dentc1325
touchc1325
knock1377
knalc1380
swapc1384
woundc1384
smitinga1398
lush?a1400
sowa1400
swaipa1400
wapc1400
smita1425
popc1425
rumbelowc1425
hitc1450
clope1481
rimmel1487
blow1488
dinga1500
quartera1500
ruska1500
tucka1500
recounterc1515
palta1522
nolpc1540
swoop1544
push1561
smot1566
veny1578
remnant1580
venue1591
cuff1610
poltc1610
dust1611
tank1686
devel1787
dunching1789
flack1823
swinge1823
looder1825
thrash1840
dolk1861
thresh1863
mace-blow1879
pulsation1891
nosebleeder1921
slosh1936
smackeroo1942
dab-
society > society and the community > dissent > fighting > fight [verb (intransitive)] > come to blows
to come to strokes1297
to fall in hand (also hands)1448
to fall to1577
come (or go), fall, get to blows1594
to go or fall to cuffsa1616
to fall, get, go to loggerheads1671
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > stroke with weapon > [noun]
dintc897
swengOE
stroke1297
dentc1325
swinga1400
stripec1475
handstroke1488
coup1523
cope1525
handystroke1542
hand stripe1543
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > [noun] > stroke with pointed weapon
stroke1297
stokea1400
foinc1450
stab1530
push1563
veny1578
stoccado1582
thrusta1586
venue1591
pink1601
longee1625
stob1653
tilt1716
lunge1748
stug1808
punzie1827
the world > space > distance > [phrase] > that may be reached > within range or reach
within reachc1515
within one's strokea1533
in the (also one's) way1534
within power1548
under the dint of1577
in(to), within, out of shot1635
within arm's reacha1652
within one's force1680
within touch1753
in touch1854
within wind of1865
α.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 4281 Sire wawein him biturnde & an stroc him ȝef, & al þat heued & þe breste al clanliche him to-clef.
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2335 Tvelue fete was þe wand Þat vrgan wald wiþ play, His strok may no man stand.
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 409 And so þer wordli liif, þat lettiþ sich service, is moche worse þanne a strooke upon þe cheke wiþ an hand.
?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 129 They foyned with her speres eygrely, theyr strokes and foynes were grete.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope viii Fro wordes they came to strokes and cratchyng with naylys.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lv. 188 He slewe and bette downe..all that came within his stroke.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lvii. sig. Miiiiv But Arthur put his shelde before hym and the lyons stroke dashte theron so sore that Arthur was all astonyed with the stroke.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vi. sig. R6 Their mightie strokes their haberieons dismayld.
1625 H. Finch Law (1636) 411 An enditement that one strucke I.S. in one countie, of which stroke hee died in another Countie, is no good enditement.
1696 R. Howlett School Recreat. (new ed.) 86 If your Adversary offers to answer your stroak, and go to the Parade, then your best way is [etc.].
1741 in Scott. Hist. Rev. (1905) Apr. 303 The prisoner struck him and blooded him with the strock.
1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality II. xi. 194 Flying instantly at Harry, he gave him a smart stroke on the left cheek.
1806 W. Wordsworth Horn Egremont Castle 43 And where'er their strokes alighted, There the Saracens were tamed.
1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein Note A In such parts of that country [sc. Germany] as retain the old custom of execution by stroke of sword.
1849 G. P. R. James Woodman I. iii. 53 He suddenly drew his sword from the sheath, and aimed a rapid and furious stroke at the woodman's head.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. ii. 21 [He] remained obstinately silent under all the strokes from the knotted cord.
1889 R. S. S. Baden-Powell Pigsticking 186 With the jobbing spear the arm should not be raised from the shoulder to deliver the stroke.
β. a1400 Gosp. Nicod. 419 Ane wane of fourty strakes with ȝerde he sal be smeten.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12428 Þe maister..Gaf iesu wit hand a strak.c1440 Alphabet of Tales 79 Saynt Benett strake þis yong monk with a wand..& so for ferd of þis strake of Saynt Benett þis fende..durst nevur after com & feche hym furthe.1573 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 205 The said Stevin denyit the stryking of the said Jonet as is libellit, or that he offerit ony straikis to hir.1607 Sel. Rec. Regality Melrose (S.H.S.) I. 33 Secundlie, gif thair be straikis without blude, ten pundis.1635 Reg. Privy Counc. Scot. 2nd Ser. VI. 5 Johne..came..with ane pycked suord stalffe in his hand and.. gave her manie bauch and blae straiks upon the head [etc.].1818 J. Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck I. 42 I wheeled just round in a moment, sir, and drew a desperate straik at the foremost [pursuer].1820 W. Scott Monastery III. i. 7 It was a blithe time in Wight Wallace's day..when the pock-puddings gat naething here but hard straiks and bloody crowns.
b. plural = ‘Stripes’, blows as a punishment. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > [noun] > with whip or scourging > stroke or stripe > stripes
strokea1425
stripec1485
strake1594
α.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Luke xii. 48 He that knew not, and dide worthi thingis of strokis, schal be betun with fewe.
1593 Tell-Trothes New-yeares Gift (1876) 5 A lesson learned with stroakes, staies with the scholler.
1699 W. Temple Introd. Hist. Eng. in Wks. (1720) II. 531 No Person was punished by Bonds, Strokes, or Death, without the Judgment..of the Druids.
β. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. x. f. 28v I sall..punis thair wyckidnes with a wand, & thair synnis with strakis.
c. A blow struck at an inanimate object; e.g. with a hammer, axe, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific thing > [noun] > blow struck with an object or instrument
strokec1400
stripec1475
c1400 Rom. Rose 3687 For no man at the firste stroke Ne may not felle doun an oke.
c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iv. xxx. 78 Withouten strook of hamour ne may none impression be brought in to gold.
1539 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Prouerbes sig. D.ijv Wyth many strokes is an oke ouerthrowen.
1681 J. Flavell Method of Grace Ded. sig. a2 A true Diamond will endure the smartest stroke of the Hammer, but a false one will fly.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 450 The Cyclops here their heavy Hammers deal; Loud Strokes, and hissings of tormented Steel Are heard around.
1740 G. Smith tr. Laboratory (ed. 2) App. p. xlix Carry with your mallet an even and perpendicular stroke.
1799 W. Wordsworth Lucy Gray 26 With many a wanton stroke Her feet disperse the powdery snow.
1833 J. Davidson Brit. & Rom. Remains Axminster 82 A stroke of his pickaxe broke an urn which contained a number of Roman coins.
1842 T. B. Macaulay Horatius vii But now no stroke of woodman Is heard by Auser's rill.
1902 V. Jacob Sheep-stealers xii Rhys..listened to the strokes of the pickaxe among the gooseberry bushes.
β. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. iii. 82 The heich eschis..Down weltit ar with mony granand strakis.
d. In various games: An act of striking the ball; a hit or an attempted hit; in some games (e.g. tennis), a hit that satisfies certain conditions. Also, manner of striking.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > [noun] > manner of playing ball
bata1400
back-swing1577
banding1589
stroke1662
stop1773
swipe1788
hit1810
straik1820
screwing1825
return1833
volleying1837
return stroke1838
volley1851
swiper1853
shot1868
handling1870
screw kick1870
mishit1882
smash1882
misfield1886
fumble1895
run-up1897
mishitting1900
balloon1904
carryback1905
placement1909
tonk1922
trick shot1924
retrieve1952
sizzler1960
undercut1960
shotmaking1969
α.
1662 Inquest D. Morgan in Assize Court Indictment Files, Maidstone, Kent (P.R.O.: ASSI 35/104/5) No. 58 Ictu suo deerrans, Anglice missing his stroke adtunc et ibidem David Morgan, prope stantem, percussit.
1744 ‘J. Love’ Cricket iii. 22 The strokes re-eccho o'er the spacious Ground.
1778 E. Hoyle Games 205 (Tennis) The lowest Odds given is a Bisque.., and is the Liberty of scoring a Stroke whenever the Player, who receives Advantage, chooses.
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. iii. 56 Missing your cue at every stroke.
1879 Encycl. Brit. X. 767/2 (Golf) In Medal playing a ball may, under a penalty of two strokes, be lifted out of a difficulty of any description.
1884 James Lillywhite's Cricketers' Ann. ii. iii. 104 H. S. Cantley, an unlucky bat; has a good stroke off his legs.
1896 W. Park Game of Golf 270 Stroke, any movement of the club which is intended to strike the ball.
1897 K. S. Ranjitsinhji Jubilee Bk. Cricket iv. 176 It is almost impossible to score off a genuine half-cock stroke. It is a mistake to play the stroke unless forced to do so.
1905 H. Vardon Compl. Golfer 251 A player whose handicap was several strokes removed from scratch.
β. 1811 H. Macneill Bygane Times 15 Is this the gate to gowf the ba', Whan by the straik ye're sure to fa'?
e. The mark left by a blow; a bruise, wound, cut. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > mark of blow
stroke14..
14.. A.B.C. Poem 28 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 272 With rede wondis & strokis blo He was dryue fro top to þe too.
1660 J. Childrey Britannia Baconica 143 One might see the stroaks of the Axe upon them.
1677 London Gaz. No. 1204/4 Stolen.., a black Gelding six years old, with a large white snip on the top of the Nose,..and had formerly a stroke upon the near Leg behind.
1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. 25/1 For a Bite, or Stroak in the [Horse's] Eye.
1701 London Gaz. No. 3723/4 His Mane half shorn, has had a Stroke in his right Eye.
f. Discharge of an engine of war; a shot of a bow or gun; the impact of a missile. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > [noun] > impact of missile
strokec1400
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > [noun] > discharging of missile weapon > instance of
shotc1000
strokec1400
shooting1426
shoota1535
α.
c1400 Rom. Rose 6278 Withouten stroke it mot be take Of trepeget or mangonel.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum i. 3 Now hath he schote an arowe at the ymage; And for þat he failith of his strook, he makith moch sorowe.
?1482 J. Kay tr. G. Caoursin Siege of Rhodes Alle they that were in Rhodes..sayd, that they herde neuer strokes of bombardes so grete and so horryble as thylk were.
1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre ii. xlii. sig. K viij v There is no breste plate, whyche is able to wythstand, and holde owte the stroke of the arrowes.
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 313 The Third [governor],..being kill'd with the stroke of a Stone, clearly made an end of his Government.
1678 R. L'Estrange tr. Epistles xv. 110 in Seneca's Morals Abstracted (1679) The stroke of an Arrow Convinc'd Alexander, that he was not the Son of Iupiter.
1695 R. Sibbald Autobiogr. (1834) 128 When the town was taken by storme my Father was hurt with a strock given him by a footman with a carabin.
1772 Ann. Reg. 1771 Nat. Hist. 91/2 The shot entered an inch above his eye, the animal fell under the stroke, and died almost instantly.
β. 1579–80 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. III. 264 He wes sumquhat recoverit of his formar hurt ressavit be the strek of the first pistolett.
g. Point of impact; place hit by a missile.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > [noun] > point of impact of a projectile
strokec1450
c1450 Mirk's Festial 42 Þen anothyr smot aftyr, and hut yn þe same stroke.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. v. xii. 70 Observe how much the last stroke of the Shot is above the Mark.
h. †Shock or forcible impact of a moving body (obsolete); impact or incidence of moving particles, light, etc. (now rare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > [noun]
hittingc1440
strokea1533
illision1603
incursion1615
incussion1615
attrition1630
impinginga1727
impact1781
impingement1837
impaction1945
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. F.viij With the stroke of metyng, the trumpettour was ouerthrawen with his hors.
1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos vii. sig. V.ijv Full like a rocke in seas,..Whom strokes of water strikes,.. and beates about.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. ii. 5 Many stroaks, which our eyes, eares, and other organs receive from externall bodies.
1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. iii. 33 All sensation is caused by a touch or stroak upon the organ.
1661 R. Boyle Hist. Fluidity & Firmnesse i, in Certain Physiol. Ess. 160 When the igneous Corpuscles have by their numerous and brisk strokes upon the vessell communicated by its means their agitation to the enclosed powder.
1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 668 Impressions..such, as did as fully satisfie them that they were from God, as the strokes of the Sun beams on our eyes do us that it is day at Noon.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. vi. 42 The backs of the ridges..meet the direct stroke of the solar rays.
2. Phrases.
a. without (any) stroke (of sword): without fighting. Also without fighting a stroke. (to die) without stroke: otherwise than by violence. Obsolete.For without striking a stroke, without stroke stricken, see strike v. 32.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > peace > non-belligerency > [adverb] > without fighting
without (any) stroke (of sword)c1400
without (a) stroke (or a blow) stricken1598
without fighting a stroke1720
the world > life > death > manner of death > die in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > die violently > not
without (any) stroke (of sword)c1400
α.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxv. 260 Thanne the Cristene men wenten..and hire enemyes enclosed and confounded in Derknesse, with outen ony strok.
c1460 Contn. Brut 491 Many other townes in Normandie gafe þeme ouer with-out stroke or siege.
c1460 Contn. Brut 507 At Bedford, on Ashtwesday, wer iij men murthred without strok, by falling doun of a steir.
a1605 R. Birrel Diarey 23 in J. G. Dalyell Fragm. of Scotish Hist. (1798) Bot quhen he came, they yat ver vithin fled, sua yat hes Maiestie entred and tooke ye toune and castell vithout stroke of suord.
1645 R. Baillie Let. 25 Apr. (1841) II. 262 A great many honest burgesses were killed,..many were bursten in the flight, and dyed without stroak.
1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. ii. 54 Suetonius writes that Claudius found heer no resistance, and that all was done without stroke: but this seems not probable.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 159 This Murteza Basha, without stroke of Sword made himself master of Bassora.
1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 282 We marched away without fighting a Stroke.
β. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. 136 Fra þe wache was slane þe remanent war sone opprest and randerit but ony straik.1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 213 Tha tynt the feild but straik of sword or knyfe.a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 88 Stout Oliver was without strack tackin, fleing full manfully.c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 211 The Lord Oboyne..seing thair cullouris vpone the brig, takis the flight schamefullie, but straik of suord or ony vther kynd of vassallage.
b. stroke of battle n. Obsolete active warfare.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > war > [noun] > action in war
stroke of battle1525
action1579
the smell (also stink) of powder1786
baptism of fire1857
1525 T. Wolsey in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 403 Putting theym unto the wors, not by stroke of batail..but with consumyng of theym by long tract of tyme.
c. stroke and strife n. [altered from earlier strot or sturt and strife] lawless violence.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > reckless or riotous
outragec1300
outraya1425
reeling1487
stroke and strifec1510
rampage1860
rampageousness1883
wilding1989
c1510 Gest Robyn Hode 181 Or elles thou hast ben a sory housband And leued in stroke and stryfe.
d. the first stroke: the beginning of a war.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > war > [noun] > beginning of war
the first stroke1488
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vi. l. 687 At the fyrst straik with thaim he had nocht beyne.
1677 Sir R. Southwell in C. E. Pike Essex Papers (1913) II. 111 I cannot expect anything but ruin the very first stroke of the warr.
e. at one stroke, at a stroke: with a single blow; figurative, all at once.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > [adverb]
on (or in) one sitheeOE
togethersc1175
togetherc1200
at once?c1225
at one shiftc1325
jointly1362
at one strokec1374
with that ilkec1390
at one shipea1400
withc1440
at a timec1485
at (in) one (an) instant1509
all at a shove1555
pari passu1567
in (also at, with) one breath1590
in that ilkec1590
with the same1603
in one1616
concurrently1648
concurringly1650
contemporarily1669
simultaneously1675
synchronistically1684
coevallya1711
in (also with) the same breath1721
synchronically1749
at a slap1753
synchronously1793
contemporaneously1794
coinstantaneously1807
coetaneouslya1817
consentaneously1817
at one or a sweep1834
coincidentally1837
at the very nonce1855
one time1873
coincidently1875
in parallel1969
real time1993
the world > movement > impact > striking > [phrase] > with a single blow
at one strokec1374
the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > shortness in time [phrase] > instantaneously
as thou turnest thine handc1225
at a brusha1400
at one (also a) bruntc1450
with a whisk1487
with a whip Sir John1550
in the turn (also turning) of a hand1564
with or at a wink1585
at a blowa1616
in a wink1693
at a stroke1709
in or wi' a whid1719
in the trip of a minute1728
with a thrash1870
the twinkling of a bedpost1871
in a whisk1900
in jig-time1916
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1868) v. pr. vi. 178 But he ay dwellynge comiþ byforn and enbraceþ at o strook [L. uno ictu] alle þi mutaciouns.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 60 And at a straik the formast has he slayne.
1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie xci. 102 The maide of the house with her brome: at a strake, Swepth downe those copwebs.
1709 T. Robinson Vindic. Mosaick Syst. 16 in Ess. Nat. Hist. Westmorland & Cumberland Omnipotent Power might have created the whole World at one stroke, by an Imperious Fiat.
1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul I. iii. xiii. 232 At one stroke he had lost all his old friends.
1884 B. Bosanquet et al. tr. H. Lotze Metaphysic 236 It is not always possible to prove at one stroke that a proposition T holds good for all quantities, integral and fractional, positive and negative, [etc.].
f. stroke of grace n. rare English rendering of coup de grâce n. at coup n.3 5e.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > killing > killing for specific reason > [noun] > mercy killing
coup de grâce1699
mercy-stroke1702
stroke of grace1837
euthanasia1869
death control1917
mercy killing1925
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. i. 3 The victim having once got his stroke-of-grace.
3. figurative.
a. With conscious metaphor: An act which causes pain, injury, or death; often, an act of divine chastisement or vengeance.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > cause of death > [noun]
deathOE
stroke1340
feydom1823
lethality1890
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > act of causing
stroke1340
tainting1593
the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > activities of god(s) > punishment
onsandeOE
stroke1340
plaguea1382
curse1382
judgementa1400
stripe1564
α.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 34 Efter alle þise zorȝuolle poyns of sleuþe him yefþ þe dyeuel þane strok dyadlych.
c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 2029 Whan þat the colde stroke of deth My lyfe hath quenched, & me byraft my breth.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope xiii Werse is the stroke of a tonge than the stroke of a spere.
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fii The stroke of god, aduersyte I hyght.
1619 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher King & No King i. sig. A4v Sheele make you shrinke as I did, with a stroke But of her eye Tigranes.
1665 J. North in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1912) 3rd Ser. 234 By which false verdict the Murderer hath Escaped the stroke of Justice hitherto.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 210 So judg'd he Man,..And th' instant stroke of Death denounc't that day Remov'd farr off. View more context for this quotation
1689 Extracts Rec. Convention Royal Burghs Scot. (1880) IV. 100 By one strock of ane act of parliament..we are outterly ruined in our trade.
1753 J. Collier Ess. Art of Tormenting i. i. 37 All the pleasure of Tormenting is lost, as soon as your subject is become insensible of your strokes.
1788 R. Burns in J. Johnson Scots Musical Museum II. 121 Till the mortal stroke shall lay me low.
1858 G. Rawlinson tr. Herodotus Hist. II. ii. cxxix. 208 Mycerinus..was acting as I have described, when the stroke of calamity fell on him.
1860 G. A. Sala Baddington Peerage I. xviii. 306 Not to be passed over in its portents any more than the first stroke of disease which attacks thrice before it kills.
β. 1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 76 And thairefter to bide the straik of Law.?1591 R. Bruce Serm. Sacrament iv. sig. N8 Therefore knawledge must go before the straik of the conscience. Thy hart can neuer feele that to be euil, quhilk thy mynde knawis not to be euill.
b. A calamitous event; †a ‘blow’ to, upon (a person, institution, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck > dreadful or severe
tragedy1509
calamity1552
disaster1567
fatality1648
stroke1686
catastrophe1748
tragic1847
big one1978
meltdown1979
the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck > severe or sudden
shake1565
cut1568
dash1580
knock1649
shock1654
blow1678
stroke1686
black eye1712
1686 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 507 I looke on this as a greate stroke to the poore Church of England.
a1709 J. Lister Autobiogr. (1842) 50 On the Tuesday I laid him [sc. his son] in his grave at Kendall... I feared this sad stroke would break my wife's heart, but..she bore it with uncommon fortitude.
1765 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (ed. 2) II. iii. 152 The tragic death of his royal protector was a dreadful stroke..to Petitot.
1785 M. Michel in A. C. Bower's Diaries & Corr. (1903) 25 The loss of an only son..must be a very severe stroke upon her.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xxix. 145 Tom's whole soul was filled with thoughts of eternity; and while he ministered around the lifeless clay, he did not once think that the sudden stroke had left him in hopeless slavery.
c. A hostile attack; an offensive movement in warfare. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > [noun]
fiend-reseOE
frumresec1275
assault1297
sault1297
inracea1300
sailing13..
venuea1330
checkc1330
braid1340
affrayc1380
outrunningc1384
resinga1387
wara1387
riota1393
assailc1400
assayc1400
onset1423
rake?a1425
pursuitc1425
assemblinga1450
brunta1450
oncominga1450
assembly1487
envaya1500
oncomea1500
shovea1500
front1523
scry1523
attemptate1524
assaulting1548
push1565
brash1573
attempt1584
affront?1587
pulse1587
affret1590
saliaunce1590
invasion1591
assailment1592
insultation1596
aggressa1611
onslaught1613
source1616
confronta1626
impulsion1631
tentative1632
essaya1641
infall1645
attack1655
stroke1698
insult1710
coup de main1759
onfall1837
hurrah1841
beat-up of quarters1870
offensive1887
strafe1915
grand slam1916
hop-over1918
run1941
strike1942
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 337 He safely resides within, invulnerable from Foreign Strokes, and reigns in this his Capital City.
1700 S. L. tr. C. Frick Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 77 Yet were we wholly set upon pursuing the Stroke, and hoped that the night should prove rather more commodious and successful.
1777 Washington in W. Irving Life (1856) III. xcix. 806 A successful stroke on the Highlands.
d. to have, bear, carry, strike a (great, etc.) stroke: to have an influential or controlling share in an enterprise or action, to have great influence. to have, bear, carry, strike the stroke: to prevail, rule, have authority; to be highest in excellence. to give (or strike) a good stroke: to contribute largely, go far to effect some result. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > [verb (intransitive)]
to give (the) law (to)a1225
reignc1325
to rule the roastc1500
to bear (the) rooma1529
to have, bear, carry, strike the stroke1531
to bear (a or the) sway1549
to bear a (also the) rout1550
(to have) swing and sway1552
to rule the rout1570
master1656
carry1662
to lay down the law1762
to rule the roost1769
to carry (also hold) (big) guns1867
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > quality of being the best > [verb (intransitive)]
to take the bun1371
to bear the bellc1374
to have, bear, carry, strike the stroke1531
to take the cake (also cakes)1839
to take (also cop, win) the biscuit1880
to ring the bell1900
society > authority > power > influence > have influence [verb (intransitive)]
weighc1386
to have, bear, carry, strike a (great, etc.) stroke1531
to hold placea1535
to take place1535
to bear (a or the) sway1549
to have weight1565
say1614
to be no small drinka1774
matter1848
to pack a punch (also wallop)a1938
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (intransitive)] > in bringing about
helpc1175
to give (or strike) a good stroke1531
1531 W. Tyndale Expos. 1–3 John (1538) 83 An yf..we can fynde no shyfte, but that ye byshop of Rome..must thus mocke vs, what a stroke thynke ye hath Satan amonge vs? [Cf. ante, Then the deuell hath a greate swynge amonge vs.]
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 168 All suche persones..as beare any rewle, stroke, or autoritee in the commonweale.
?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature iv. sig. Eiijv Soch a fellawe was he, as of that gere had the stroke.
1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie sig. Ciiij Thys byshoppe was a great man borne, and did beare such a stroke, that he was able to shoulder the Lord Protectour.
1564 Briefe Exam. D iiij b Which..loue, if it beare stroke among vs, we shall be able..to discomfyte the body..of Antichrist.
a1569 A. Kingsmill Most Excellent & Comfortable Treat. (new ed.) (1585) B iij Hee knewe that whatsoever befell him, God had a stroke in it.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxix. xxix. 731 This Mezetulus having gathered a powre of..paisants of the countrey (with whom he carried a great stroke).
1609 F. Sherwood in Lismore Papers (1887) 2nd Ser. I. 134 The advise you wisht me to geiue him..gave a good stroke to perswade him.
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. ⁋11 The vintage of Abiezer, that strake the stroake: yet the gleaning of grapes of Ephraim was not to be despised.
1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus (ii. 14) 532 It is verie hard to say, whether nature or religion giueth the stroake to their actions.
1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle iv. sig. I2 A shall not haue any countenance from vs, nor a good word from any i' th' Company, if I may strike stroke in't.
1622 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 17 Captaine Fitzharbert opposed the resolutione, but the Admiralls double voice carried the stroke.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile To Earle of Pembroke sig. A3 Opinion strikes a great stroake in the iudgements and affaires of men.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vi. xii. 338 That the salts of naturall bodies doe carry a powerfull stroake in the tincture and vernish of all things, we shall not deny. View more context for this quotation
1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 444 The Jesuits have too great a stroke amongst them.
1687 Bp. G. Burnet Contin. Refl. Mr. Varillas's Hist. Heresies 41 They had the main stroak in our Parliaments.
1697 J. Collier Ess. Moral Subj. (ed. 2) i. vi. 222 We may plainly perceive that the Prejudices of Education have a great Stroak in many of our Reasonings.
1702 Eng. Theophrastus 248 To stir up seditions and troubles the worst man commonly bears the stroke.
a1732 T. Boston Memoirs (1776) iv. 32 I..could never fall into the good graces of those who had the stroke in settling parishes.
e. to come in the stroke: to be part of one's task. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > be included in something [verb (intransitive)] > as part of an operation or task
to come in the strokea1617
a1617 S. Hieron Penance for Sinne in Wks. (1620) II. 287 I speake not this..by way of censuring..any mans course; but I note this, (it comming in the stroke) according to my Text, to worke care in mine owne heart [etc.].
4. Coinage, imprint of coin. Scottish. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > coining > [noun]
coinagec1380
stroke1449
coining1483
forging1523
minting1548
mintagec1570
1449 Sc. Acts Jas. II (1814) II. 37/1 Of þe new strak to be maide & the cours þerof and of þe money þat now rynnis.
1493 Sc. Acts Jas. IV (1814) II. 233/1 Notwithstanding þe diuersitie of prentis of þe straikis of sundry cunȝeors.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 198 Vpone the thrid day of Julij the lordis..tuik all the quenis siluir weschell and struik siluir quhilk straik was the xxx schilling peice.
1600 Earl Gowrie's Conspir. A 3 His answere was, that so farre as hee could take leisure to see of them, that they seemed to bee forraine..strokes of coyne.
5.
a. A damaging or destructive discharge (of lightning).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > naturally occurring light > [noun] > lightning > bead or forked lightning > flash of
laitc900
slaughta1300
levinc1300
fire-slaughta1400
flaughta1400
thunderboltc1440
fudder1513
fire-flaughta1522
flag of firea1522
bolt1535
strokea1542
lightning bolta1560
lightning1560
fire-bolt?1562
fulgur1563
fulmen1563
thunder-thump1563
light-bolt1582
fire-flash1586
blaze1590
flake1590
clap1591
blastc1665
glade1744
streak1781
thunder-ball1820
leader stroke1934
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > thunder and lightning > [noun] > lightning > stroke of
slaughta1300
fire-slaughta1400
strokea1542
lightning strike1876
a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) xlvii. 10 Much like vnto the gyse Of one I-stricken with dynt of lightening, Blynded with the stroke, erryng here and there.
1730 A. Gordon tr. F. S. Maffei Compl. Hist. Anc. Amphitheatres 366 The Thunder, which..has broken..two large Pieces of the lowermost Stones;..by the Nature of the Stroke..it appears that the Direction of the Blow came from below upwards, [etc.].
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake iii. 101 Mingled with shivers from the oak Rent by the lightning's recent stroke.
1889 Science 11 Oct. 257 The attempt to obtain information regarding lightning-strokes..will result in a clearer understanding of the danger from these strokes to unprotected houses.
b. An electric shock. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric charge, electricity > [noun] > electric shock
shock1746
stroke1767
vibration1842
electroshock1938
1767 Ann. Reg. 1766 71 After applying the electrical strokes to several parts of her body, and at length to her mouth, she soon recovered her speech.
1799 H. Lee Canterbury Tales III. 95 An electric stroke could hardly have produced a more sudden effect on both his hearers than [etc.].
c. A shock of earthquake. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > convulsion > [noun] > earthquake > shock
shake1622
shock1693
stroke1815
mainshock1862
1815 R. Bakewell Introd. Geol. (ed. 2) xiv. 308 Earthquakes are most frequent in volcanic districts, but the strokes are not the most violent in the immediate vicinity of volcanoes.
6.
a. Originally: a sudden attack of disease, esp. one resulting loss of consciousness, sensation, or movement. In later use spec.: a condition characterized by the sudden onset of impairment of neurological function, resulting from haemorrhage or obstruction of blood flow in part of the brain.Earliest in stroke of God's hand.heart stroke, heat-stroke, mini-stroke, palsy stroke, sunstroke, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [noun] > fit or stroke
taking1541
conceit1543
striking1599
stroke1599
fit1621
raptus1740
parlatic1758
seizure1779
shock1794
ictus1890
wingding1927
wing-dinger1933
mini-stroke1972
1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 25/2 An excellent Cinnamome water for the stroke of Gods hande.
1694 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 195 The AB. of Canterbury, who few days before was struck with a paralytical palsey.
1780 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (ed. 2) IV. i. 11 He was seized with a stroke of apoplexy.
1780 S. Johnson Let. 8 Apr. (1992) III. 233 He has had a stroke like that of an apoplexy.
1832 S. Warren Passages from Diary of Late Physician II. ii. 85 Our inestimable friend, Mr. E——, had a sudden stroke of the palsy this afternoon.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xvii. 97 Soon after he had risen from table, an apoplectic stroke deprived him of speech and sensation.
1861 Mrs. H. Wood East Lynne III. iii. xviii. 205 Mr. Justice Hare's illness had turned out to be a stroke of paralysis.
1889 F. E. Gretton Memory's Harkback 316 In his later years he had a partial stroke, which drew the muscles of his cheek a little on one side.
1898 J. Hutchinson in Arch. Surg. 9 382 The popular distinction between a stroke and a fit was well illustrated by a hemiplegic patient who asserted, ‘I never had a fit; I never lost my senses; I only had a stroke’.
1905 People's Doctor 48 Apoplexy. This disease goes under quite a variety of names. The popular term is ‘stroke’; doctors speak of cerebral hemorrhage; [etc.].
b. Falconry. A disease in the eyes of hawks: = pin and web n. at pin n.1 4a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of birds > [noun] > disorders of hawks
crampc1430
frouncea1450
teena1450
crayc1450
ryec1450
aggresteyne1486
agrum1486
fallera1486
filanders1486
gall1575
pantas1575
pin1575
pin gout1575
stroke1575
apoplexy1614
crock1614
formica1614
privy evil1614
back-worma1682
verol1688
croak1707
1575 Perfect Bk. Kepinge Sparhawkes (1886) 31 Pyn and Web, or Stroke. Pyn or Web or other dymnes by strokes &c. must be spedely loked unto.
c. A blight on wheat, honey-dew. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > plant substances > [noun] > nectar or honey-dew
honeyeOE
nectar1609
mildew1658
stroke1742
bee-wine1818
aphis-sugar1842
1742 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman June i. 2 In the latter Part of June,..green Wheat is most liable to receive the Stroke, as the Farmer calls it; that is, the Honey-dews.
7. The striking of a clock; the sound produced by each striking of the clapper or hammer upon a bell, or on the striking part of a clock. on or upon the stroke (of a specified hour): on the point of striking.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > striking or stroke
stroke1436
beat1706
strike1871
grande sonnerie1932
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > ringing sound > [noun] > striking of clock or clapper
stroke1436
strike1871
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > signal marking the time > [adverb] > upon the stroke (of a specific hour)
on or upon the stroke (of a specified hour)1604
1436 Sc. Acts Jas. I (1814) II. 24/1 Þat na man in burghe be fundyn in tauernys..efter the straik of ix houris.
a1558 in Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Var. Coll. (1907) IV. 129 Before the howre of ix of the cloke, at which time ther shalbe a bell to be towlde by the officers ther by xxti strokes.
1604 J. Marston Malcontent ii. iii. sig. C4v Piet. What houre ist? Celso. Vpon the stroake of twelue.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 700 The King hath a Bell, the strokes whereof sound such terror into the heart of the fearefull theefe, that [etc.].
1621 J. Fletcher et al. Trag. of Thierry & Theodoret iii. i. sig. F3 His houres vpon the stroake.
1816 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 270/1 At Hatherleigh..a bell..announces, by distinct strokes, the number of the day of the month.
1832 H. Martineau Hill & Valley ix. 137 I used to like its stroke when it brought the work-people flocking from their cottages.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. xi. 180 It is on the stroke of twelve now.
1858 A. Trollope Dr. Thorne II. xvi. 312 He dressed himself hurriedly, for the dinner-bell was almost on the stroke as he entered the house.
1874 F. C. Burnand My Time xxiii. 211 Straining my ears to catch the very first stroke of the hour.
1897 R. N. Bain tr. M. Jókai Pretty Michal (ed. 2) xxxii. 251 At the stroke of two she was already in the shop below.
1908 J. R. Harris Side-lights N.T. Research ii. 55 The person who first succeeds in drawing the water after the stroke of midnight will find it turn to gold and silver.
8.
a. A touch on a stringed instrument; manner of playing a musical instrument; hence, a tune, strain. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > melody or succession of sounds > [noun] > a melody
notec1300
warblec1374
moteta1382
tunea1387
measurea1393
modulationa1398
prolation?a1425
gammec1425
proportion?a1505
laya1529
stroke1540
diapason?1553
strain1579
cantus1590
stripe1590
diapase1591
air1597
pawson1606
spirit1608
melody1609
aria1742
refrain1795
toon1901
sounds1955
klangfarbenmelodie1959
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing stringed instrument > [noun]
stroke1540
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus iii. i. sig. Oj He can no more skille of the stroke of the harpe or lute, than a iay can.
1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer i. sig. I.ijv Afterward the musitien chaunging the stroke and his maner of tune [Alexander] pacified himself againe.
1586 W. Webbe Disc. Eng. Poetrie sig. F.iiii v Neither is there anie tune or stroke which may be sung or plaide on instruments, which hath not some poetical ditties framed according to the numbers thereof.
1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. i. sig. A3 I had the best stroke, the sweetest touch, but now..I am falne from the Fidle.
1689 P. Ayres Lyric Poems (1906) 308 (To his Viol) Then to my soft and sweetest strokes I keep.
1721 A. Malcolm Treat. Musick i. 18 The Notes of a Violin and all string'd Instruments that are struck with a Bow, whose Notes are made longer or shorter by Strokes of different lengths or Quickness of Motion.
1774 D. Barrington in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 63 261 Several nightingale strokes, or particular passages in the song of that bird.
b. Hunting. A call played on the horn. Cf. strake n.4 Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > signals > [noun] > signal on horn
forloinc1369
motec1400
strakea1425
rechasec1425
recopec1425
morta1500
seekc1500
death note1575
recheat1575
gibbet1590
wind1596
relief1602
call1677
stroke1688
gone away1827
rattle1889
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > music on specific instrument > [noun] > wind music > cadence or flourish on horn
blas?c1225
forloinc1369
windc1374
strakea1425
strakinga1425
rechasec1425
rechasingc1425
recopec1425
seekc1500
mort1555
recheat1575
gibbet1590
senneta1593
relief1602
horn-call1632
call1677
stroke1688
tantivy1785
tralira1801
tra-la-la1886
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 76/2 [Hunting-lesson blown on the Horn] The Stroaks to the Field, Ton-ton-tavern tone ton-tavern [etc.].
9. A pulsation, beat (of the heart, pulse). Cf. 12c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > vascular system > circulation > pulsation > [noun]
pulsea1398
pulsation?a1425
stroke1538
pulsidge1600
pulsion1607
mication1686
ictus1707
beat1755
pulse beat1838
blood-beat1851
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Pulsus..is more proprely the poulse or stroke that the arteries or beatyng vaines do make.
1737 H. Bracken Farriery Improved xxi. 313 The Blood's Momentum or Stroke.
1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 525 Her pulse usually beating from 120 to 130 strokes in the minute.
1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xiv. 173 The pulse..changed its character from a short and small to a full soft stroke.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 184 Wroth, but all in awe, For twenty strokes of the blood,..Linger'd that other, staring after him.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 390 The impulse communicated to an aneurysmal sac is of course repeated at each stroke of the heart.
10.
a. A movement of beating time; a beat, measure; metrical ictus, rhythm. Now rare or Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [noun] > beat > rhythmical or metrical stress
accent1550
stroke1576
impression1643
percussion1674
pulse1677
ictus1752
arsis?1775
elevation1776
thesis1864
upbeat1883
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] > keeping time > beating time > stroke in beating time
stroke1576
tact1609
tactus1740
beat1911
1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health iii. f. 198 Distyll fyrst with so softe a fyre, that fowre musycall strokes may be made, betweene droppe, and droppe falling.
1586 W. Webbe Disc. Eng. Poetrie sig. F.iiii v The naturall course of most English verses seemeth to run vppon the olde Iambicke stroake.
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 9 Phi. What is a stroke? Ma. It is a successiue motion of the hand, directing the quantitie of euery note & rest in the song, with equall measure..: this they make three folde, more, lesse, and proportionate. The More stroke they call, when the stroke comprehendeth the time of a Briefe. The lesse, when a time of a Semibriefe, and proportionate where it comprehendeth three Semibriefes.
1677 Ld. Guildford Philos. Ess. Musick 33 The due observance of time is gratefull for the same reason that I gave for the formality of a single Tune, because the subsequent strokes are measured by the memory of the former.
1891 J. C. Parsons Eng. Versif. 20 In iambic movement..the stroke or accent, which usually comes only on the last syllable, may, at times, come equally on the first syllable.
b. to keep stroke: to keep time. Cf. 13b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > be simultaneous [verb (intransitive)] > keep time with
to keep stotc1590
to keep stroke16..
to keep time1658
to beat time1694
time1830
synchronize1867
simultane1880
16.. G. Percy in Purchas Pilgrims (1625) IV. 1687 When they were in their dance, they kept stroke with their feet iust one with another.
11.
a. In negative context: A minimum amount of work.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > amounts of work > [noun] > minimum amount
stroke1568
stitch1581
hand's turn1765
handturn1859
tap1887
1568 Newe Comedie Iacob & Esau v. vi. sig. G.j I wrought not a stroke this day but led Isaac.
1791 J. Bentham Panopticon 69 Without either punishment, or interest given him in the profits of his labour,..how could you have insured a man's doing a single stroke of work?
a1843 R. Southey Common-place Bk. (1851) 4th Ser. 359/2 This fellow..never would strike a stroke of work afterwards.
1867 W. H. Dixon New Amer. II. 322 ‘Work!’ said a stout young fellow in Tennessee..‘thank God, I have never done a stroke of work since I was born.’
b. In later use: A large or considerable amount of work, business, trade.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > amounts of work > [noun] > large amount
stroke1712
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 484. ⁋4 The best Consolation that I can administer to those who cannot get into that Stroke of Business (as the Phrase is) which they deserve, is [etc.].
1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words (at cited word) A good stroke of business.
1838 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker 2nd Ser. xvii. 248 They carry on a considerable of a fishery here, and do a great stroke in the timber business.
1841 C. H. Hartshorne Salopia Antiqua Gloss. Stroke, an unusual quantity of labor performed in a certain time.
1842 W. M. Thackeray Fitz-Boodle's Profess. i A trade doing a stroke of so many hogsheads a week.
1853 C. R. Read Austral. Gold Fields 14 A little further on I met the carpenter of the ship I came out from England in, two years before; he told me he was doing a rattling stroke.
1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. iv. 63 One of those who do a good stroke of the work of the country without getting much credit for it.
1884 Contemp. Rev. Apr. 579 The mileage run and the stroke of work performed.
12. A movement like that of striking a blow.
a. A single movement of the legs in walking or running, of the wings in flying, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > bodily movement > [noun] > a movement of the limbs
stroke1618
1618 M. Baret Hipponomie i. 20 Further he must handle his legges neatly,..with an equall largenesse of his stroke carrying an apt proportion according to the slownes or swiftnes of his pace.
a1642 J. Suckling Goblins (1646) iv. 39 How she..danc'd a stroak in, and a stroak out, Like a young Fillet [? read Filly] training to a pace.
1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 34 Take the Bearings of a Running Horse, that is, measure the Extent of his Stroaks.
1867 A. L. Gordon Sea Spray 23 I saw him shorten his horse's stroke As we splash'd through the marshy ground.
1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. ii. iv. 216 A gnat's wings make ten or fifteen thousand strokes per second.
1880 A. H. Swinton Insect Variety 175 In the pairing season..this music..is prolonged to ten or eleven strokes of the femora, lasting a quarter of a minute.
b. In swimming, the combined movement of the limbs forming a single impulse of progression; also, any particular manner of effecting this, as the breast-stroke, side-stroke.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > movement in or on water > [noun] > swimming > stroke
strokea1827
a1827 W. Hickey Mem. (1913) I. 158 I observed we were already too deep, asking the gunner whether he could swim, to which he answered: ‘No, Sir, not a stroke’.
1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea II. 220 There are however some deeps which would force a man to swim a few strokes.
1902 J. Buchan Watcher by Threshold v. 314 He found deep water, and in two strokes was in the grip of the tide.
c. A single complete movement in either direction of any piece of machinery having a reciprocating motion (e.g., of a piston, piston-rod, etc.); also, the amplitude or length of such a movement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > [noun] > backwards and forwards > single movement of
stroke1731
1731 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 37 11 If instead of sixteen Forcers they worked only eight, the Stroke might be five Feet in each Forcer.
1741 in 6th Rep. Deputy Keeper Public Rec. App. ii. 120 A new pump, Engine or forcer for raising water with a perpendicular stroke.
1840 Mechanics' Mag. 33 157/1 A popular notion has for a considerable time past prevailed, that a long stroke engine is much superior to a short stroke engine.
1841 W. Whewell Mech. Engin. 185 The engine consumed 80 lbs. of coal per hour, working 18 strokes per minute.
1847 J. Bourne Catech. Steam Engine 162 The engine should always be made to work full stroke.
1869 C. Knight Mechanician 109 The stroke of a slide-valve is the length of the path along which the valve moves. The stroke of a piston is the length of its travel or path.
1902 S. E. White Blazed Trail ii. 11 The saw leaped back and forth a few strokes more.
13. Rowing.
a. A single pull of the oar.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > [noun] > rowing > a stroke of or pull at the oars
rowth1513
stroke1583
pull1793
1583 H. Howard Defensatiue sig. Liijv Barges which are forced by the strength of oares, haue a kinde of gate or swinge when the stroke dooth cease.
1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 40 The Galley-slaves..made her scoure little lesse than her full length betweene one stroake and the other.
1753 J. Collier Ess. Art of Tormenting iii. 221 You may scream at every stroke of the oar.
1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy I. xiii. 213 So that they might dash on board of her with a few strokes of the oars.
b. to keep stroke: to keep time in rowing. Cf. 10b.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > [verb (intransitive)] > row > keep time
to keep strokea1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. ii. 202 The Owers..to the tune of Flutes kept stroke . View more context for this quotation
a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. xii. §2. 338 And he, that bending slowly brings his tarrying Oare to breast, His winding Armes keepe stroke with songs, while he the water beates.
1629 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime v. 38 I being unable to keepe stroake with the rest, was well beaten.
1651 Hermeticall Banquet 5 At Table, be sure that your Teeth labour like so many Gally slaves, keeping true stroke with the Hand.
c. Style of rowing, manner of handling the oars, esp. with regard to the length, speed, or frequency of the ‘strokes’ (see quot. 1898).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > [noun] > rowing > style of rowing
randan1857
stroke1870
1870 Field Q. Mag. I. 202/2 Close came away at once, and, rowing a long easy stroke, won very easily by four lengths.
1877 Oxf. & Cambr. Undergraduate Jrnl. 173/2 A journey to Ditton and back was essayed at a slow stroke.
1890 R. C. Lehmann Harry Fludyer 118 To-day we are going to work up our stroke, so as to be able to row forty [strokes to the minute].
1898 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport II. 298/1 Stroke, (1) the number of dips of the oar in the water within a given time.
d. The oarsman who sits nearest to the stern of the boat, and whose ‘stroke’ sets the time for the other rowers (= stroke-oar n., stroke-oarsman n. at Compounds 3, strokesman n.). Also quasi-adv. in to pull, row stroke.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > types of sailor > [noun] > rower or oarsman > oarsman in specific position in boat
strokesman1769
middleman1801
stroke1825
bowman1829
bow1830
stroke-oar1836
stroke-oarsman1838
bow-oar1851
midship1897
1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 32 In a water party he was a stroke of the ten oar. [Note A first rate waterman.]
1841 J. T. J. Hewlett Peter Priggins II. xiv. 306 Their talk was principally of boating,..with discussions on the merits of the ‘strokes’ of the different boats.
1845 in Brasenose Ale 77 Thus spake the prince, who set us all afloat, And pull'd first stroke in the old Brasenose boat.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxiv. 301 He pulls stroke in the Boniface boat.
1868 Field 4 July 14/2 Hall's rowing as stroke was very different to his execution of the past two years.
1898 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport II. 298/1 (Rowing) Stroke, (2) the oarsman who sits nearest the stern of the boat and sets the work to the men behind him. The side upon which his oar projects is called ‘stroke side’ all the way up the boat.
e. The station occupied in a boat by the stroke-oarsman.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > [noun] > rowing > position of stroke oarsman
stroke1901
1901 Oxf. Mag. 24 Apr. 291/2 University..with Huntley at stroke.
f. to put (someone) off (his) stroke, to distract (someone) from his course of activity; to disconcert or disturb. colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > confuse, bewilder [verb (transitive)] > disconcert
blemish1544
blank1548
to put out1598
unsettle1644
disconcert1695
to put off1909
to put (someone) off (his) strokea1914
to bend (a person) out of shape1955
to throw off1978
a1914 J. Joyce Stephen Hero (1944) xx. 103 Besides girls praying put me off my stroke.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xi. [Sirens] 278 Put you off your stroke.
1965 J. Gale Clean Young Englishman iv. 167 The note put me right off my stroke. I was trying to tell the audience what the war in Algeria was really like... But somehow I never finished what I wanted to say.
1977 R. Perry Dead End iii. 41 She must have..seen the bodies..but it didn't put her off her stroke at all.
14.
a. A vigorous attempt to attain some object; a measure, expedient, or device adopted for some purpose. Also stroke of policy (or †politics) (cf. sense 11b). stroke of business: see business n. Phrases 28.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > available means or a resource > a device, contrivance, or expedient
costOE
craftOE
custc1275
ginc1275
devicec1290
enginec1300
quaintisec1300
contrevurec1330
castc1340
knackc1369
findinga1382
wilea1400
conject14..
skiftc1400
policy?1406
subtilityc1410
policec1450
conjecturea1464
industry1477
invention1516
cunning1526
shift1530
compass1540
chevisance1548
trade1550
tour1558
fashion1562
invent?1567
expediment1571
trick1573
ingeny1588
machine1595
lock1598
contrival1602
contrivement1611
artifice1620
recipea1643
ingenuity1651
expedient1653
contrivance1661
excogitation1664
mechanism1669
expediency1683
stroke1699
spell1728
management1736
manoeuvre1769
move1794
wrinkle1817
dodge1842
jigamaree1847
quiff1881
kink1889
lurk1916
gadget1920
fastie1931
ploy1940
1699 T. Baker Refl. Learning xiv. 166 Isidor's Collection was the great and bold Stroke, which [etc.].
1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iv. 413 The greatest and most important Strokes for the Recovery of the Patient, must be made at the time of the Invasion, or first State of this Disease.
1769 E. Burke Observ. Late State Nation 56 He pays..some compliments to Lord Bute and Lord Despenser. But to the latter, this is, I suppose, but a civility to old acquaintance; to the former, a little stroke of politicks.
1822 J. Galt Provost xi. 85 Before the Michaelmas, I was..fully prepared to achieve a great stroke of policy for the future government of the town.
1850 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire I. iv. 207 This stroke of policy was not unsuccessful.
1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. ii. iii. 192 It is conceded by all, that that stroke of business on Brewer's part, in going down to the house that night to see how things looked, was the master-stroke.
1873 M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma iv. 108 For us,..Christianity [is] the greatest and happiest stroke ever yet made for human perfection.
b. stroke of state n. [translating French coup d'état] = coup d'état n. at coup n.3 5a.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [noun] > coup d'état
coup d'état1646
stroke of state1783
pronunciamiento1833
coup1852
takeover1939
1783 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies (new ed.) VIII. 115 If we destroy..the nature of any great body, those convulsive motions which are called strokes of state, will disturb the whole nation.
1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia VI. xxi. v. 514 Her Son, the spirited King Gustav III., at Stockholm, had made, what in our day is called a ‘stroke of state’.
1871 R. Browning Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau 94 He cannot but intend some stroke of state Shall signalize his passage into peace Out of the creaking.
1910 Ld. Rosebery Chatham xi. 238 Fortified by this treaty,..the Pelhams executed their stroke of state.
c. In a game: An effective move or combination.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > move > type of move
neck1557
stroke1735
key1845
forced move1847
key-move1847
fianchetto1848
queening1860
pinning1900
mutate1922
valve1930
zwischenzug1941
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > whist > [noun] > actions or tactics > effective combination
stroke1862
1735 J. Bertin Noble Game of Chess Pref. p. iii This noble Game abounds with a greater variety of fine strokes, than any other Games which depend upon design only.
1862 ‘Cavendish’ Princ. Whist (1864) 51 You almost preclude him from executing any of the finer strokes of play.
1913 Illustr. London News 22 Feb. 264/3 P to Kt 5th The winning stroke, as White gains a passed Pawn.
d. to pull a stroke, to play a dirty trick. Cf. pull v. 7a. slang.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > be unprincipled [verb (intransitive)] > act dishonestly
smouch1848
graft1859
grift1926
to pull a stroke1970
1970 P. Laurie Scotl. Yard 293 Pull a stroke, to, to play a dirty trick.
1974 J. McVicar McVicar i. ii. i. 109 It would be wrong to let Charlie go... He's pulled too many strokes.
15.
a. A feat, achievement; a signal display of art, genius, wit, etc. Cf. 18c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > display of skill > an act or feat of skill
masteryc1225
maistricec1390
feat1564
execution1581
stroke1672
tour de force1802
1672 Duke of Buckingham Rehearsal iii. 24 There's a smart expression of a passion; O ye Gods! That's one of my bold strokes, a gad.
1677 J. Dryden Authors Apol. Heroique Poetry in State Innocence Pref. sig. b3 The boldest strokes of Poetry, when they are manag'd Artfully, are those which most delight the Reader.
1692 R. L'Estrange Fables clii. 138 'Tis a Stroake of Art to Divert the Reproach, by Emproving a Spitefull Word, or Thing, to a bodies Own Advantage.
1731 Gentleman's Mag. 1 84 The statues about St. Paul's..are strokes of his masterly hand.
1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World I. 221 It is filled with strokes of wit and satire in every line.
1766 R. Griffith & E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances III. 31 Perhaps 'tis this, by a Stroke of Simpathy, that hurries on the Reader at such a Rate.
1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. Pref. p. x I had no notion, I protest, that this exquisite stroke of pleasantry was aimed at me.
1881 Ld. Acton Lett. to M. Gladstone (1904) 74 One of the best strokes of wit I can remember in my time.
b. stroke of luck n. an unexpected piece of good fortune.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > [noun] > good fortune > piece of
opportunity?a1425
honeyfall1642
luck in a bag1649
hit1666
godsend1810
stroke of luck1853
bonanza1878
lucky break1889
break1911
a bit of fat1923
snip1932
1853 C. B. Mansfield Paraguay, Brazil, & Plate (1856) 420 The prisoner captain looked almost as much pleased as his capturer, who jumped for joy at this stroke of good luck.
1882 C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xxiii. 179 The Times, by a stroke of luck..was represented in that war by a man who [etc.].
1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay x. 153 That lynching business was a stroke of luck for Deering.
16.
a. A movement of the pen, pencil, graver, etc., in writing, painting, drawing, etc.; a single movement of a brush, chisel, knife, file, etc. over the surface operated on. Phrase, with a stroke of the pen: often said hyperbolically.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > handwriting or style of > formation of letters > [noun] > movement of pen or pencil
stroke1668
1668 W. Temple Let. in Wks. (1720) II. 91 Your Excellency with a Stroak of your Pen, has brought to Light the most covered Designs of your Enemies.
1699 E. Ward London Spy I. v. 7 Their Senses were Ravish'd with each Masterly stroke of the skillful Stone-Cutter.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 626/2 The varnish should be put on very quickly, making great strokes with the pencil or brush.
1804 Revol. Plutarch II. 305 In acting so, he changed with a stroke of the pen the general aspect of affairs, in such a manner that [etc.].
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 745 Draperies are to be done with broad strokes of the pencil.
1875 C. D. E. Fortnum Maiolica 89 It would seem laid on purposely with a coarse brush the strokes of which are very apparent.
1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay viii. 130 The money is in Spanish bonds..it can be handed over to you with the stroke of a pen.
1889 P. N. Hasluck Model Engineer's Handybk. 133 The file strokes should not all be made parallel one to another.
1907 J. A. Hodges Elem. Photogr. (ed. 6) 106 The print should be cut with one stroke of the knife.
b. Manner of handling the pencil, graver, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > [noun] > engraving tools > style of using
stroke1662
burin1824
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > [noun] > stroke of pen or brush > manner of handling
stroke1716
1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura iv. 69 The imitations of the Graver..are altogether admirable and inimitable, the stroke and conduct consider'd.
1699 H. Wanley Let. 25 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 282 The Print..is so well engraven, and the workman had so good a stroke, that I believe half the workmen in London cannot now do better.
1716 A. Pope Epist. Jervas in J. Dryden tr. C. A. du Fresnoy Art of Painting (ed. 2) sig. A7 Caracci's Strength, Correggio's softer Line, Paulo's free Stroke, and Titian's Warmth divine.
1716 A. Pope Epist. Jervas in J. Dryden tr. C. A. du Fresnoy Art of Painting (ed. 2) sig. A8 Oh! lasting as those Colours may they shine, Free as thy Stroke, yet faultless as thy Line.
c. finishing stroke n. (lit. and fig.): see finishing adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > completing > [noun] > that which > finishing touch or crowning act
copestone1567
last hand1567
colophon1628
capstone1685
grace stroke1686
finishing stroke1695
coup de grâce1699
touch-up1733
finish1779
crowner1815
coping-stone1860
grace note1922
topper1940
1695 Plot in J. Walker Lett. Eminent Persons (1813) I. 74 I am heartily glad to hear Mr. Cook has given the finishing stroke to your fine chapel.
1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Misc. Tracts 16/2 Major Caillaud and the young Nabob crossed their troops over the Ganges, to put the finishing stroke to the affair.
1843 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross II. iv. 89 On the Monday he bespoke an audience with Mr. Jorrocks to put the finishing stroke to his arrangements.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. ii. 62 Æthelstan added the finishing stroke to the work of his father.
17.
a. A linear mark; a mark traced by the moving point of a pen, pencil, etc.; a component line of a written character (cf. up-stroke n., downstroke n. 1); also, a dash (in writing or print).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > handwriting or style of > formation of letters > [noun] > stroke
linea1382
tittlec1384
stroke1567
minim1587
pot-hook1611
dash1615
hair-stroke1634
hook1668
foot stroke1676
stem1676
duct1699
hanger1738
downstroke?1760
hairline1846
up-stroke1848
skit1860
pot-crook1882
ligature1883
coupling-stroke1906
bow1914
ductus1922
ascender1934
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing lines > [noun] > other lines
linea1382
rulec1475
stroke1567
trig1648
ductor1658
style1690
pencil line1758
guideline1785
section-line1827
subhorizon1829
broken line1937
wiggle1942
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > [noun] > stroke of pen or brush
draughtc1305
hand1567
trait1589
hair-stroke1634
masterstroke1679
stroke1815
slick1881
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 2 [An agate] hauing strokes on eche side like to blew vaines.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies v. vii. 347 With the bloud they made a stroake on the dead mans face, from one eare to the other.
1673 J. Dryden Marriage a-la-Mode ii. i. 28 With strokes in ashes Maids their Lovers drew.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 39/2 The Achate is variously coloured..: some have stroakes of blew, some with blood.
1693 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. I. vi. 201 The Shadow..on the Dial..went backward so many Lines or Stroaks.
1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. i. 32 The white Hoof is of a brittle Disposition; and those that have Strokes, or are ribbed as it were, with white, must be worse than the black Sort.
1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 243 A fourth Kind of Writing, the Strokes whereof being more joined, and less distinguished one from another, are made with more Ease and Expedition.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 719 The drawing of strokes by the eye with the black-lead pencil, charcoal, or chalk, will afford the most proper exercise.
1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate III. v. 131 Very careful in the perfection of every letter, and very neat in every stroke.
1885 H. Sweet Oldest Eng. Texts 132 The various readings are separated by a stroke, and come in the following order.
b. a stroke above: = ‘a cut above’ (cut n.2 18). colloquial. rare.
ΚΠ
1856 C. Dickens & W. Collins Wreck Golden Mary ii, in Househ. Words Christm. No. 14/2 She had had her schooling up in London..so it was but nature she should be a stroke above the girls of the place.
1914 J. Joyce Dubliners 153 I don't say Hynes.—No, damn it, I think he's a stroke above that.
c. Bacteriology. A line formed by drawing the point of an infected wire over the surface to be inoculated. Cf. stroke-culture n., stroke-inoculation n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > material > [noun] > line or scratch
streak1892
stroke1893
1893 M. Campbell tr. Migula Introd. Pract. Bacteriol. iv. 63 The colonies may confine themselves to the actual inoculating stroke, or they may spread themselves out.., until the whole surface of the nutrient medium is covered right up to the sides of the test-tube.
d. In Telegraphy, the name of the signal for an oblique stroke. Now usually colloquial, a spoken representation of a solidus. Frequently used as conj. to indicate or stress alternatives: or else, alternatively.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > alternation > [noun] > vocal signal of
stroke1884
society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telegraphy > [noun] > telegraphic message > stroke or stop
stroke1884
stop1936
1884 W. Lynd Pract. Telegraphist i. 27 The oblique stroke is to be signalled ‘stroke’, thus—‘FI three stroke five FF’, meaning 3/5 (three shillings and fivepence).
1965 M. Allingham Mind Readers xv. 153 I have my own feel, of course, which would be ‘glad stroke laughing at’ in his case.
1971 J. Yardley Kiss a Day ii. 39 The Truman stroke Eisenhower regime.
1974 G. Markstein Cooler xlvii. 171 ABPQ stroke 113 stroke 1. Ah yes. Is that your national registration number?
1977 N. J. Crisp Odd Job Man iii. 28 One dozen cardigans, stroke thirty-three, blue, for knitwear.
e. spec. in Logic = Sheffer('s) stroke at Sheffer n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > conjunctive or non-conjunctive proposition > symbol of non-conjunction
stroke1925
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > predicate or propositional logic > [noun] > mathematical or symbolic logic > Polish school of symbolic logic > symbols
parenthesis1880
incomplete symbol1910
stroke1925
horseshoe1926
Sheffer('s) stroke1932
hook1967
tilde1979
1925 A. N. Whitehead & B. Russell Principia Mathematica (ed. 2) I. p. xvi The symbol ‘p/q’ is pronounced: ‘p stroke q’... All the usual truth-functions can be constructed by means of the stroke.
1952 R. L. Wilder Introd. Found. Math. ix. 220 Since P[rincipia] M[athematica] was first published, with its two undefined symbols (or ‘logical constants’)..it has been shown that one undefined symbol..[is] sufficient. The symbol referred to is / and is called ‘stroke’.
1975 P. K. Bastable Logic 189 Later he [sc. Russell] preferred to become acquainted with implication through defining it as ‘Either not p or q’ or, like Sheffer and Nicod, in terms of the stroke functor.
18.
a. Lineament, line of a face or form. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > [noun] > contour(s)
lineationa1398
lineament1570
line1590
purfle1601
lineature1630
stroke1638
stell1657
outline1662
profile1664
contour1770
lineamentation1890
galbe1899
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 21 They..content themselves with the Imitation of visible things, following stroke after stroke.
1656 A. Cowley Davideis iv. 133 in Poems Not bright Ahino'am..Had sweeter strokes, Colours more fresh and fair.
b. figurative. A constituent feature; a characteristic; a trait of character. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [noun] > a characteristic
privilegec1225
distinctionc1374
propertyc1390
tachea1400
pointa1425
specialty?a1425
difference?c1425
conditionc1460
markc1522
touch1528
specialty1532
differentia1551
character?1569
formality1570
particularity1585
peculiar1589
accent1591
appropriation1600
characterism1603
peculiarity1606
resemblance1622
propera1626
speciality1625
specificationa1631
appropriament1633
characteristic1646
discrimination1646
diagnostic1651
characteristical1660
stroke1666
talent1670
physiognomya1680
oddity1713
distinctive1816
spécialité1836
trait1864
flavour1866
middle name1905
discriminant1920
discriminator1943
1666 Bp. S. Parker Free Censvre Platonick Philos. 41 In its main strokes it [sc. Plato's ‘physiology’] accords with the Aristotelean Philosophie.
1713 H. Felton Diss. Reading Classics 67 Give me Leave, my Lord, to..draw out..some of the chief Strokes, some of the principal Lineaments, and fairest Features of a just and beautiful Style.
1729 W. Law Serious Call xvi. 303 He is so very quick-sighted, that he discovers in almost every body, some strokes of vanity.
1735 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. III. 173 Two or three principal strokes of his character.
1780 A. Young Tour Ireland ii. 75 Many strokes in their character are evidently to be ascribed to the extreme oppression under which they live.
c. figurative. A felicitous or characteristic expression or thought in literary composition; a ‘touch’ of description, satire, pathos, or the like. Cf. 15.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > elegance > [noun] > fine phrasing > well-turned phrase
lights1550
Atticism1612
aulicism1633
felicity1665
stroke1667
grace stroke1686
curiosa felicitas1752
1667 J. Dryden Let. to Sir R. Howard in Annus Mirabilis 1666 Pref. But when Action or Persons are to be describ'd..how bold, how masterly, are the strokes of Virgil!
1697 Countess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 88 He wrote a Comedy which everybody likes, and the Queen..found therein such moving and delicate Stroaks in it, that she would act a part in it herself.
1706 M. Prior Ode to Queen Pref. I have endeavor'd to imitate all the great Strokes of that Ode.
1725 D. Cotes tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 17th Cent. I. ii. iii. 35 Not to mention many satyrical Strokes which are scatter'd throughout his History.
1760 J. Jortin Life Erasmus II. 170 One can hardly excuse Erasmus intirely, for having put into the mouth of Folly some strokes, which seem to confound religious Truth with Folly.
1831 J. Mackintosh Hist. Eng. II. 16 A few strokes of Comines throw a more clear and agreeable light over our story than the scanty information of our own meagre and unskilful writers.
1876 G. O. Trevelyan Life & Lett. Macaulay II. xi. 226 Macaulay..thought..nothing whatever of reconstructing a paragraph for the sake of one happy stroke or apt illustration.
19. to have a good stroke (at eating): to have a hearty appetite. (Cf. twist n.1 18) Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > have (good) appetite [verb (intransitive)]
to have a good stroke (at eating)1699
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. iv. 71 Neither can any man be entertain'd as a Soldier, that has not a greater stroke than ordinary at eating.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 150 Lady Answ. God bless you, Colonel; you have a good Stroke with you. Col. O Madam; formerly I could eat all, but now I leave nothing.
20. A cut, slice (of meat). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > cut or piece of meat > [noun] > slice or strip of meat
randc1330
steak1530
collop1577
stroke1581
sticking draught1688
scallop1723
fillet1725
cut1770
escalope1828
1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades ix. 157 Down he layes the spit, Wheron the strokes of flesh were brotcht.
21. Agriculture. (See quot. 1891.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > [noun] > harrowing > each crossing of harrow
stroke1765
1765 Museum Rusticum 4 6 Give the land a stroke with the great harrow, and roll it as before.
1847 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 8 ii. 449 When the seed is sown, it should be covered by two strokes of the light seed-harrow.
1891 W. J. Malden Tillage Gloss. s.v. Each time land is crossed with harrows it is said to have received a stroke or tine.
22. = transom n. 2. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of windows > [noun] > glazing or dividing bar
monial1332
sodlet1332
stay-bar1399
transom1502
mullion1556
munnion1571
calm1577
leading1597
window bar1612
stroke1684
came1688
leads1705
saddle-bar?1733
transom-shaft1813
sash bar1837
baluster1844
baluster column1844
supermonial1846
supermullion1846
astragal1858
wagtail1940
1684 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. (ed. 2) vii. xix. 140 Chuse a convenient place in the Transum or Stroke of the Window.
23. A denomination of dry measure, varying in capacity according to locality: = strike n.1 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > dry measure > specific dry measure units
skep1100
strike13..
strick1421
muida1425
hoop1520
tope1530
stroke1532
anker1597
corn-hoop1660
gallon1684
acherset1701
1532 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 34 To have one stroke of peese.
1569 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 218 xxti stroke wheate, iiij li.
1681 O. Heywood Autobiogr., Diaries, Anecd. & Event Bks. (1881) II. 286 A stroke of shilling [= shelled oats] standing on the table.
1744 MS. Parish Bk. Pannal, Yorks. A strooke of Pottatoes 5 d.
1790 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2) Suppl. Stroke, half a bushel.
1814 W. S. Mason Statist. Acct. Ireland I. 339 The measure, or stroke of potatoes 2 Bushels.
1862 C. C. Robinson Dial. Leeds & Neighbourhood 424 Stroke, a half-bushel, or two pecks; so called from the measure (when upheaped) being stroked off with a thin piece of wood.
24. Geology. = strike n.1 8. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > position or direction of strata
streak1672
stretch1799
strike1829
stroke1877
1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 113 The stroke of the slates varies from north 25° west, south 25° east, to north 45° west, south 45° east.
25. Basket-making. A single movement analogous to a stitch in sewing or knitting; the result of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > manufacture of fabric from specific materials > manufacture of articles made from twigs, etc. > basket-making > single movement in
stroke1912
1912 T. Okey Introd. Art of Basket-making vii. 59 Where an even number of pairs of leagues or sticks is used, the centre strokes lie alternate, and not side by side.
1912 T. Okey Introd. Art of Basket-making vii. 154 Stroke, any complete movement in basket-work: analogous to a stitch in needlework.
1960 E. Legg Country Baskets iii. 29 And now for the strokes, which are comparable with ‘stitches’ in knitting... The strokes are indeed simple and few.

Compounds

General attributive.
C1. Golf, in terms relating to the method of scoring by strokes (sense 1d) instead of by holes.
stroke-competition n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > [noun] > types of game or match
round1744
match-playing1857
half-round1865
foursome1867
matchplay1877
stroke-game1896
threesome1901
score-play1902
stroke-competition1904
score-game1905
greensome1911
fivesome1928
skin game1942
three-ball1952
1904 in H. Vardon Compl. Golfer (1905) 274 Special Rules for Stroke Competitions.
stroke-game n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > [noun] > types of game or match
round1744
match-playing1857
half-round1865
foursome1867
matchplay1877
stroke-game1896
threesome1901
score-play1902
stroke-competition1904
score-game1905
greensome1911
fivesome1928
skin game1942
three-ball1952
1896 Westm. Gaz. 8 Apr. 5/3 The match..consists of the stroke game to-day and play by holes to-morrow.
stroke-play n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [noun] > types of batting
blocking1637
quilting1822
defence1825
cutting1827
forward play1828
defensive1832
swiping1833
back-cutting1842
straight play1843
back play1844
sticking1873
leg play1877
off-driving1884
gallery-hitting1888
goose game1899
straight driving1904
stroke-play1905
pad play1906
on-driving1948
stroke-making1956
1905 Daily Chron. 20 July 3/1 The old golf was Scotch, and was a match game. The new, English game, is stroke play, with oneself as one's hardiest opponent.
1930 C. G. Macartney My Cricketing Days ii. 14 Perhaps this sort of cricket was an aid to stroke play, perhaps not, but as far as I can see, it never did me any harm.
1979 Daily Tel. 19 May 29/1 Any doubts about his form or fitness were violently dismissed in a morning of rich strokeplay.
C2. Bacteriology (sense 17c).
stroke-cultivation n.
ΚΠ
1890 W. W. Cheyne tr. Flügge Micro-organisms 177 Stroke cultivations.
stroke-culture n.
ΚΠ
1893 M. Campbell tr. Migula Introd. Pract. Bacteriol. iv. 62 For the stroke cultures we use the test-tubes.
stroke-inoculation n.
ΚΠ
1893 M. Campbell tr. Migula Introd. Pract. Bacteriol. iv. 62 The stroke inoculation being completed.
C3. Special combinations.
stroke-bias n. Obsolete an obsolete game resembling ‘prisoners' base’.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > hiding or chasing game > [noun] > prisoner's base
barsc1400
base1440
barley-break1557
prison base1598
prison bar1602
stroke-bias1700
prisoners' bars1794
Scotch and English1802
prisoners' base1830
chevy1883
Molly Bright1883
1700 J. Brome Trav. iii. 264 The Kentish Men have a peculiar Exercise.., 'tis called Stroke-Biass. [Description follows.]
stroke engraving n. Obsolete a line engraving.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > intaglio printing > [noun] > line engraving > an engraving
stroke engraving1793
line engraving1802
1793 G. Thomson Let. 20 Jan. in R. Burns Wks. (1800) IV. 33 We intend presenting the subscribers with two beautiful stroke engravings.
stroke-haul n. an apparatus used for illegal capture of fish, formed of three hooks joined back to back, and weighted with lead.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > hook > [noun] > hooks fastened together
snap-hook1688
snapper1688
springer1688
jigger1815
snap1839
dree-draw1850
stroke-haul1850
triangle1867
gang1879
black doctor1883
murderer1883
trap-hook1883
treble hook1895
treble1897
1850 Act 13 & 14 Vict. c. 88 §40 That it shall not be lawful..to use for the Purpose of taking Fish any Otter, Lyster, Spear, Strokehaul, Dree Draw, or Gaff.
stroke-haul v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [verb (intransitive)] > fish with hook > with illegal hooks
stroke-haul1912
1912 London Mag. Sept. 97/2 They stroke-hauled them in couples in the moonlight.
stroke-hauling n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [noun] > using illegal hooks
stroke-hauling1860
snag-fishing1936
1860 C. Simeon Stray Notes Fishing & Nat. Hist. 37 This plan, with a large weighted treble hook, is sometimes adopted with destructive effect by poachers for salmon..it is then called ‘stroke-hauling’.
stroke-maker n. Cricket a batter who plays attractive, attacking strokes.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > cricketer > [noun] > batsman > types of batsman
sticker1832
short runner1833
punisher1846
slogger1850
blocker1851
cutter1851
swiper1853
top scorer1860
stick1863
left-hander1864
smiter1878
centurion1886
driver1888
pad-player1888
poker1888
spectacle-maker1893
back-player1897
hooker1900
under-runner1903
puller1911
square cutter1920
straight driver1925
stroke-maker1927
goose-gamer1928
stroke-player1935
flasher1936
sweeper1961
tonker1977
1927 Observer 5 June 21/5 A beautiful stroke-maker, he [sc. H. W. Austin] is pleasant to watch.
1976 J. Snow Cricket Rebel 84 Nurse could be a brilliant and savage stroke-maker on his day, but could graft when necessary.
stroke-making n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [noun] > types of batting
blocking1637
quilting1822
defence1825
cutting1827
forward play1828
defensive1832
swiping1833
back-cutting1842
straight play1843
back play1844
sticking1873
leg play1877
off-driving1884
gallery-hitting1888
goose game1899
straight driving1904
stroke-play1905
pad play1906
on-driving1948
stroke-making1956
1956 A. R. Alston Test Comm. iii. 23 One of the features of the morning's play was the stroke-making of..Van Geloven.
1977 World of Cricket Monthly June 87/1 He impressed the Lord's gathering with his crisp stroke-making.
stroke-oar n. (a) the oar nearest the stern of a rowing-boat; (b) the rower who handles this oar (= sense 13d).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > types of sailor > [noun] > rower or oarsman > oarsman in specific position in boat
strokesman1769
middleman1801
stroke1825
bowman1829
bow1830
stroke-oar1836
stroke-oarsman1838
bow-oar1851
midship1897
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > rowing apparatus > [noun] > oar > oar at specific position in boat
labouring oar1602
after oar1820
stroke-oar1836
bow-oar1851
1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. II. 186 After a great deal of changing and fidgeting, consequent upon the election of a stroke-oar.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xi. 84 At college he pulled stroke-oar in the Christchurch boat.
1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake II. i. 6 Winter steered the boat and Gwenoch took the stroke-oar.
stroke-oarsman n. = sense 13d.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > types of sailor > [noun] > rower or oarsman > oarsman in specific position in boat
strokesman1769
middleman1801
stroke1825
bowman1829
bow1830
stroke-oar1836
stroke-oarsman1838
bow-oar1851
midship1897
1838 J. F. Cooper Excurs. Italy I. xvi. 302 The stroke-oarsman of the boat advised me to pull in under the promontory.
1894 Daily News 3 July 8/3 One of the finest stroke oarsmen in England.
stroke-ornamented adj. Archaeology (see quot. 1970).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > decoration of china > [adjective] > incised > specific incised or relief design
sprigged1756
trouted1783
combed1878
slipped1914
cord-ornamented1925
stroke-ornamented1925
cord1928
1925 V. G. Childe Dawn European Civilization xii. 172 The second ware may..be called stroke-ornamented pottery. Its forms are rather more angular than those of spiral-meander pottery.
1925 V. G. Childe Dawn European Civilization xviii. 272 Hut foundations..yielded sherds with curvilinear decoration and others recalling the Danubian stroke-ornamented ware.
1970 W. Bray & D. Trump Dict. Archaeol. 222/1 Stroke-ornamented ware, pottery with zigzag patterns made by a series of distinct jabs rather than continuous lines. It was current during the centuries after 4000 BC in Bohemia, west Poland, Bavaria and central Germany.
stroke-player n. (also strokeplay) Cricket the playing of attractive, attacking strokes.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > cricketer > [noun] > batsman > types of batsman
sticker1832
short runner1833
punisher1846
slogger1850
blocker1851
cutter1851
swiper1853
top scorer1860
stick1863
left-hander1864
smiter1878
centurion1886
driver1888
pad-player1888
poker1888
spectacle-maker1893
back-player1897
hooker1900
under-runner1903
puller1911
square cutter1920
straight driver1925
stroke-maker1927
goose-gamer1928
stroke-player1935
flasher1936
sweeper1961
tonker1977
1935 Times 20 July 13/5 Some of the English cricketers now getting past their prime are still stroke-players.
1963 A. Ross Australia 63 x. 183 There were, on the England side, three stroke-players capable of enhancing any Test, on the Australian side two.
stroke-side n. the side of a rowing-boat on which the stroke-oarsman sits.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > side(s) of vessel > [noun] > side where stroke oarsman sits
stroke-side1862
bow-side1885
1862 W. P. Lennox Recreat. Sportsm. I. 197 The terms in boating are as follows:—..stroke side, the port, or right side.
1909 Blackwood's Mag. May 613/2 Tell Jerry to get down a new strokeside oar, with a good six-inch blade.
stroke-stitch n. Needlework (see quot. 1900).
ΚΠ
1900 L. F. Day & M. Buckle Art in Needlewk. (1901) ii. 16 The mere work line—or ‘stroke-stitch’, not crossed, is a perfectly fair way of getting a delicate effect.

Draft additions June 2014

stroke of genius n. an outstandingly brilliant or inspired idea.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > [noun] > bright
stroke of genius1728
brain wave1869
brainstorm1925
1728 T. Gordon Disc. upon Tacitus in T. Gordon tr. Tacitus Ann. in Wks. I. §vi. 18 A wonderful book, full of wisdom, full of virtue; of astonishing strokes of genius and superior sense.
1751 Midwife 2 151 The Conceit of expressing himself with a little i instead of a Capital, he acknowledges to be the greatest Stroke of Genius he ever hit off in his Life.
1771 C. Burney Present State Music France & Italy 45 Here and there..there are strokes of genius and strong comic wit that ought to live forever.
1850 Times 19 June 5/3 The manner in which Ronconi stamped his clutched fist on each of them successively..was a graphic stroke of genius, indicative of the subtlest perception of the humorous.
1889 Tacoma (Washington) Daily News 13 Dec. 3/5 The latest nickel-in-the-slot scheme is really a stroke of genius and is destined to revolutionize cheap literature in this country.
1910 Middlesex Gaz. 11 Feb. 3/2 This stroke of genius came too late to save Kilburn from defeat, but it lessened the losing margin very considerably.
1982 R. Serwylo Accordion Lessons 44 It's a stroke of genius, if I do say so myself.
2010 National Trust Mag. Summer 84/1 The Grand Union Canal flows beneath a road and above a railway—a Brunel stroke of genius—then down the Hanwell Flight of six locks.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

stroken.2

Forms: Also 1600s–1700s stroak.
Etymology: < stroke v.1
1. A stroking movement of the hand, esp. for purposes of healing. Also, an act of stroking, esp. by way of caress.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > action of caressing > [noun] > stroking (as a caress)
stroke1631
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > physiotherapy > [noun] > rubbing with hands
fricace1541
frication1541
friction1581
stroking1587
stroke1631
chirapsy1828
the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > stroking > [noun] > stroking movement
stroke1631
feeze1843
1631 B. Jonson New Inne iv. ii. 43 Hee'll borrow money on the stroke of his beard! Or turne off his Mustaccio!
1665 Wonders if not Miracles V. Gertrux (title page) Who Cureth all manner of Diseases with a stroak of his hand and Prayer.
1666 H. Stubbe Miraculous Conformist 6 Having..stopped the paine and effusion of blood by some strokes of his hand, he bad her put nothing to it but a linnen Cloth.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 534 Soothing his Courage with a gentle Stroke, The Steed seem'd sensible, while thus he spoke.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Stroaking But, as to the particular Efficacy of the Stroak of particular Persons; we see little Foundation for it in Nature.
1953 H. E. Bates Nature of Love iv. 36 She gave her hair a long deep casual stroke with the brush.
2. An act of copulation. slang. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > [noun] > sexual intercourse > an act of
swivec1560
fall1594
sleep1612
fuck1663
merry bout1780
stroke1785
screw?c1845
charver1846
fuckeea1866
sex act1888
frigc1890
grind1893
mount1896
poke1902
tumble1903
screwing1904
ride1905
roll1910
trick1926
lay1932
jump1934
bang1937
knock1937
shag1937
a roll in the hay1945
boff1956
naughty1959
root1961
shtup1964
home run1967
seeing to1970
legover1975
bonk1978
zatch1980
boink1989
1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue at Stroke To take a stroke, to take a bout with a woman.
1976 P. Cave High Flying Birds ii. 19 I happened to be engaged upon a variation of the sexual act known as the ‘Birmingham Stroke’ at the time our little love-nest started rolling.
3. A comforting gesture of approval or congratulation (see also quot. 1964). Hence, a flattering or friendly remark, etc., esp. one made in order to help or manipulate another. Cf. stroke v.1 1e. Now chiefly U.S. colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > persuasive flattery or cajolery > [noun] > an act of
wheedle1668
stroke1964
1964 E. Berne Games People Play 15 By an extension of meaning, ‘stroking’ may be employed colloquially to denote any act implying recognition of another's presence. Hence a stroke may be used as the fundamental unit of social action. An exchange of strokes constitutes a transaction, which is the unit of social intercourse.
1969 T. A. Harris I'm OK, You're OK iii. 45 The Adult has something to work on: what must I do to gain their strokes, or their approval?
1973 Houston Chron. 14 Oct. (Texas Mag.) 4/1 The popular saying around PDAP [sc. The Palmer Drug Abuse Program] is ‘different strokes for different folks’, and that's the basis of the program.
1978 M. Puzo Fools Die xi. 122 He started off dishing out some nice strokes. With an admiring smile he told me how smart I was, how honest, so absolutely reliable.
1981 TV Picture Life Mar. 12/3 Let's face it, everybody needs their strokes and that would be very ego-satisfying.

Compounds

Special combinations:
stroke book n. a pornographic book.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > kind of book > [noun] > erotic or pornographic books
curiosa1920
dirty book1960
stroke book1972
1972 Pussycat 33 lix. 10/1 For a stroke book, the quality of writing is astonishingly good.
1978 T. Gifford Glendower Legacy (1979) 73 I'm just going to pig out at home, look at a stroke book... As a matter of fact, I've taken to writing for stroke books.
stroke house n. U.S. a cinema where pornographic films are shown.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > film show > a cinema > [noun] > types of
nickelodeon1888
home theatre1914
screening room1918
art house1925
indie1928
drive-in1931
ozoner1948
bughouse1952
hardtop1955
cinematheque1965
multi1970
skin house1970
stroke house1971
multiscreen1974
1971 Atlantic Monthly July 52 He would camp in the 42nd Street stroke houses and come back with tales of what they were getting away with now.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

stroken.3

? Anglo-Irish. Obsolete. rare.
(Sense obscure.) Perhaps a misprint for noke, nook n. 3d).
ΚΠ
1587 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Ireland (new ed.) viii. 56/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II Still erecting castels..so to maister the Irish that with such manner of strengths of wals..had not as yet béene acquainted: for till those daies they knew no defense but woods, bogs, or strokes.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

stroken.4

Brit. /strəʊk/, U.S. /stroʊk/
Forms: Also 1700s stroak.
Etymology: Altered form of strake n.1
Obsolete exc. dialect.
= strake n.1 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > wheel > rim > section of
strake1330
tire1485
wain-stroke1596
stroke1688
tire-iron1852
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 332/1 The parts of a Wheel. The Nave,..The Stroke, is the Iron Rim about the Felloes.
1773 W. Emerson Princ. Mech. (ed. 3) 283 Stroaks or straiks, the iron going round the circumference of carriage wheels.
1904 Eng. Dial. Dict.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

strokev.1

Brit. /strəʊk/, U.S. /stroʊk/
Forms: Past tense and past participle stroked /strəʊkt/. Forms: α. Old English strácian, 1500s–1600s stroake, 1500s–1700s stroak, 1600s strocke, strooke, 1700s–1800s dialect strock, Middle English– stroke. β. Scottish and northernMiddle English–1500s, 1800s strake, 1500s straik(e, strayk(e, 1700s–1800s straik.
Etymology: Old English strácian , corresponding to Middle Low German, Middle Dutch strêken (modern Dutch streeken ), Old High German streihhôn (Middle High German, modern German streichen , which coalesced with streichen < Old High German strîhhan strike v.), < Germanic *straik- , ablaut-variant of *strῑk- : see strike v.
1.
a. transitive. To rub (a surface) softly with the hand or some implement; esp. to pass the hand softly in one direction over (the head, body, hair, of a person or animal) by way of caress or as a method of healing (cf. stroke n.2, stroker n., also strike v. 3c).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > stroking > stroke [verb (transitive)]
strokec897
strikec1000
wipe1362
streakc1440
to stroke over1822
the mind > emotion > love > action of caressing > caress [verb (transitive)] > stroke (as a caress)
strokec897
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > physiotherapy > practise physiotherapy [verb (transitive)] > rub or stroke with hands
strokec897
strike1400
friction1856
α.
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xli. 303 Swa [swa] wildu hors, ðonne we h[ie] æresð gefangnu habbað, we hie ðacciað & straciað mid bradre handa.
c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 134 Myd swyþe drigeon handum straca geornlice þane innoþ.
c1290 St. Francis 367 in S. Eng. Leg. 64 He..strokede heom [birds] with is longue sleue.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. xcvi. 1247 Tame apes þat ben in an house scheweþ here whelpes þat þay whelpeþ to alle men þat ben þerinne. And haue likynge to be ystroked and knoweþ hem þat comforteþ and pleseþ hem.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 334 He stroked his berde.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 741/1 I stroke ones heed, as we do a chyldes by flatterynge, or whan he dothe well.
1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 100 Then muste you haue a little rownde stycke..with the whiche you shall oftentymes stroke and handle your Falcon.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 302 Oftentimes stroking his white beard, as his manner was when he was thoroughly angrie.
1619 Wonderf. Discov. Witchcrafts Marg. Flower etc. (1837) 22 Wherevpon she brought downe a gloue and deliuered the same to her mother, who stroked Rutterkin her Cat with it.
1655 J. S. tr. B. della Rovere Phillis of Scyros ii. i. 28 As they had Learnt to strooke each others cheekes.
1662 W. Faithorne Art of Graveing & Etching xxv. 41 Then take a piece of the whitest Virgin-wax and spread it thin over the plate, and with a smooth feather gently stroak it all over, to the end it may lie the more even and smooth.
1665 Wonders if not Miracles V. Gertrux 7 He likewise cures the Convulsion fits only by stroaking the persons afflicted with his hand.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1660 (1955) III. 250 The Chirurgeons cause the sick to be brought or led up to the throne, who kneeling, the King strokes their faces or cheekes with both his hands at once.
1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. l. 183 His only gesture is that of stroking his beard.
1911 M. Beerbohm Zuleika Dobson xvi. 241 Softly she stroked the carpet with the palms of her hands.
β. 1786 R. Burns Poems 220 The poor, wee thing was little hurt; I straiket it a wee for sport.
b. said of an animal.
ΚΠ
1621 F. Quarles Hadassa Introd. B 4 b This [steed] stroaks the ground, that skorn's it with his heele.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 56 It [sc. the guinea-pig] strokes its head with the fore feet like the rabbit.
1913 Oxf. Univ. Gaz. 4 June 948/2 The male Amauris egialea stroking the brands of the hind wings with its anal tufts.
c. absol. (Proverbially contrasted with strike.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > physiotherapy > practise physiotherapy [verb (intransitive)] > rub or stroke with hands
stroke1699
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxvi. 187 Sua se læce grapað, & stracað,..ærðonðe he stingan wille.
1612 J. Davies Muses Sacrifice sig. N3v So, with remorse, reuenge to execute; so, stroke and strike at once.
1673 Gentlewomans Compan. 128 When you have laid three or four layers one on the other, wet a feather in Rosewater and Musk, and stroke over it.
1699 Thoresby in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 21 334 Where he stroked for Pains, he used nothing but his dry Hand.
1750 Berkeley Max. conc. Patriotism §19, in Wks. (1871) III. 456 A good groom will rather stroke than strike.
1757 W. Wilkie Epigoniad iv. 95 His weighty hands he laid On their soft backs, and, stroaking gently, said [etc.].
d. to stroke against the hair, the wrong way (of the hair): to rub (an animal) in the direction opposite to the natural lie of its hair; figurative to irritate, ruffle, cross (a person). Similarly to stroke with the hair, to soothe (Scottish).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > irritate [verb (transitive)]
gremec893
grillc897
teenOE
mispay?c1225
agrillec1275
oftenec1275
tarya1300
tarc1300
atenec1320
enchafec1374
to-tarc1384
stingc1386
chafe?a1400
pokec1400
irec1420
ertc1440
rehete1447
nettlec1450
bog1546
tickle1548
touch1581
urge1593
aggravate1598
irritate1598
dishumour1600
to wind up1602
to pick at ——1603
outhumour1607
vex1625
bloody1633
efferate1653
rankle1659
spleen1689
splenetize1700
rile1724
roil1742
to put out1796
to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823
roughen1837
acerbate1845
to stroke against the hair, the wrong way (of the hair)1846
nag1849
to rub (a person, etc.) up the wrong way1859
frump1862
rattle1865
to set up any one's bristles1873
urticate1873
needle1874
draw1876
to rough up1877
to stick pins into1879
to get on ——1880
to make (someone) tiredc1883
razoo1890
to get under a person's skin1896
to get a person's goat1905
to be on at1907
to get a person's nanny1909
cag1919
to get a person's nanny-goat1928
cagmag1932
peeve1934
tick-off1934
to get on a person's tits1945
to piss off1946
bug1947
to get up a person's nose1951
tee1955
bum1970
tick1975
c1590 A. Montgomerie Sonnets xxxiii. 6 In hir vnhappy hands sho held my heed, And straikit bakuard wodershins my hair.
1786 R. Burns Poems 34 For G-d-sake, Sirs! then speak her fair, An' straik her cannie wi' the hair.
1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf viii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. 158 I'll speak him fair..and stroke him wi' the hair.
1846 W. Cross Disruption xi. 113 I ha'e a gude deal o' the cuddy in me, when I'm straikit against the hair.
1860 A. Trollope Castle Richmond I. xiii. 260 Somebody's been stroking him the wrong way of the 'air.
e. transferred and figurative †Formerly often, = to soothe, flatter, ‘tickle’; also, to treat indulgently, cocker, make much of (cf. Latin mulcere). Sometimes contrasted with strike. From the mid 20th cent., to reassure (a child, etc.) by approval or congratulation (see also quot. 1964). Hence, to manipulate (another) by means of flattery, persuasion, etc.; to compliment. Cf. stroke n.2 3. Now chiefly U.S. colloquial, esp. in political contexts.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > persuasive flattery or cajolery > cajole [verb (transitive)]
fagea1400
fleechc1425
flatter?a1513
stroke1513
sweeten1594
ingle1602
honey1604
coga1616
cajole1645
collogue1660
wheedle1661
coax1663
to wheedle with1664
to cajole with1665
tweedle1715
whilly1721
whillywha1816
to salve over1862
schmooze1899
plámás1919
sweet-talk1936
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid iv. Prol. 189 Venus henvifis..That strakis thir wenchis hedis thaim to pleis.
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Instit. (1562) ii. i. §2. 70 There is nothing that mannes nature more coueteth, than to be stroked with flattery.
1604 C. Edmondes Observ. Cæsars Comm. II. vii. xxxvi. 126 If it be demaunded, what became of these great Princes and personages after the triumph, it will appeare that they did not stroke their heads, or make more of them then of miserable captiues.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 335 When thou cam'st first Thou stroakst me, & made much of me. View more context for this quotation
1616 B. Jonson Epigrammes lxi, in Wks. I. 784 Thy praise, or dispraise is to me alike, One doth not stroke me, nor the other strike.
1629 tr. Herodian Hist. (1635) 145 With these faire Promises he stroked the Senators.
a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods lxxxiv. iv. 38 in Wks. (1640) III The Voyce so sweet, the words so faire, As some soft chime had stroak'd the ayre.
a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) To Rdr. sig. A2 The design of this Treatise is, not to stroak and tickle the Fancy, but to elevate the Soul.
1745 E. Young Consolation 107 Sleep's dewy Wand Has strok'd my drooping Lids.
1898 T. Hardy Wessex Poems 94 They parted there as morning stroked the panes.
1964 E. Berne Games People Play 15 By an extension of meaning, ‘stroking’ may be employed colloquially to denote any act implying recognition of another's presence. Hence a stroke may be used as the fundamental unit of social action. An exchange of strokes constitutes a transaction, which is the unit of social intercourse.
1969 T. A. Harris I'm OK, You're OK iii. 48 If a two-year-old concludes I'm OK, does this mean his OK is the product of ‘self-stroking’ and, if so, how does a small child stroke himself?
1973 T. C. Huston in L. Chester et al. Watergate iv. 43 Mr. Hoover should be called in privately for a stroking session at which the President [sc. Nixon] explains the decision he had made.
1975 Atlantic Monthly Mar. 44 It's Show Biz, man—a bunch a' egomaniacal people using a captive audience to stroked themselves.
1977 Time 17 Oct. 20/1 Carter also stroked the Jerusalem government by promising that the U.S. would never attempt to impose a Middle East settlement.
1978 New Yorker 9 Jan. 41 He tells his client, ‘It's looking pretty good. We'll stay on top of it.’ This is what is known as ‘stroking’ the client.
1981 Observer 11 Jan. 6/5 I think he's still a little kid from Hoboken, who likes to be stroked by Presidents.
f. to stroke over: = perstringe v. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > stroking > stroke [verb (transitive)]
strokec897
strikec1000
wipe1362
streakc1440
to stroke over1822
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > dispraise or discommendation > dispraise or discommend [verb (transitive)] > censure or condemn
bidemea1200
convictc1366
reprovea1382
damnc1386
condemna1400
deema1400
saya1400
judgec1400
reprehendc1400
reproacha1475
reprobate?a1475
arguec1475
controlc1525
twit1543
perstringe1549
tax1569
traduce1581
carp1591
censure1605
convince?1606
syndic1609
syndicate1610
to check at1642
reprimand1660
impeach1813
to stroke over1822
1822 Ld. Byron To Murray 25 Dec. Since I have read the Quarterly, I shall erase two or three passages in the latter six or seven cantos, in which I had lightly stroked over two or three of your authors.
g. With adverb or similar extension: To bring into a specified position, condition, etc. by stroking. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > stroking > stroke [verb (transitive)] > bring into specific condition by stroking
stroke1594
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > coat or cover with a layer [verb (transitive)] > smear or spread with a substance > smear (a substance)
cleamc1000
smeara1400
spread?a1425
strike1525
splet1530
dab1592
stroke1594
sponge1607
daub1647
wipe1738
plaster1799
teerc1850
slather1866
cake1944
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. F2v Hee would take occasion to stroke vp his haire, and twine vp his mustachios twice or thrice ouer.
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 81 The Midwife after she haue stroaked down the bloud to nourish the Babe.
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. viii. 54 The Pope..stroked the angry Patriarch of Antioch into gentlenesse with good language.
1666 H. Stubbe Miraculous Conformist 29 Such consequents are usuall, when the Disease is not stroked out.
1692 R. South 12 Serm. I. 581 He..sees the folly of Endeavouring to stroke a Tyger into a Lamb.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xv. 407 Letting it [sc. their hair] grow very long, and stroking it back with their Hands curiously.
1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 360 With the back sides of the nails of his fingers to draw or stroke it [i.e. the paper to be printed] over the Point.
a1771 T. Gray Jemmy Twitcher in Gentleman's Mag. (1782) lii. 40 She strok'd up her belly, and strok'd down her band.
1859 Habits Good Society xiv. 359 With his hands so full that he cannot even stroke out his splendid whiskers.
h. To express or testify by stroking. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > stroking > stroke [verb (transitive)] > express or testify by stroking
stroke1702
1702 C. Beaumont J. Beaumont's Psyche (new ed.) xix. cclxxiii. 297 And then she prais'd the steeds unwearied Pains, Stroking her thanks upon their ruffled Mains.
i. To pass (one's hand) gently over a surface.
ΚΠ
1697 C. Leslie Snake in Grass (ed. 2) 114 Stroaking his Hand over their Faces (as his Custom was) who kneel'd or fell prostrate before him.
2. To draw (a cutting instrument) along a surface in order to sharpen or whet it. Cf. strake v.3 1 and German streichen. Obsolete or archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > perform general or industrial manufacturing processes [verb (transitive)] > sharpen or put edge on
whetc897
strokec1400
set1461
filour1483
sharpen1530
to wash down1909
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 416 ‘Ta now þy grymme tole to þe, & let se how þou cnokeȝ.’ ‘Gladly, sir, for soþe,’ Quoþ Gawan; his ax he strokes.
a1800 Bonny Birdy xv, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1885) II. iii. 261 Then out the knight has drawn his sword, An straiked it oer a strae.
1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche v. xv. 58 She..laid the knife, to mortal keenness stroked, Within her reach, near where she wont to lie.
3. figurative. To plight (one's troth). Obsolete. Cf. strike v. 69.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > pledge or undertake to give or do
sweara1154
fast?a1160
plightc1275
givec1300
undertake1393
strokea1400
warranta1400
foldc1400
pledge?a1439
affiance1523
pass1528
betroth1573
assume1602
impawna1628
gagea1642
spond1698
guarantee1820
vouch1898
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 3192 Þire traitours on þis trechoure trowthis has strakid [Dublin MS. han stroken].
a1776 Sweet William's Ghost ix, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1885) II. iii. 230 Up she has tain a bright long wand, And she has straked her trouth thereon.
4. To milk (a cow); esp. to draw the last milk from (a cow) by pressing the teat. Also figurative. Cf. stroking n.; also strap v.2, strip v.3 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > dairy farming > dairy farm [verb (transitive)] > draw last milk from
stroke1538
strip?1610
jib1728
strap1854
strop1884
to milk out1950
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Mulgeo, to mylke or stroke.
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iv. xvii. 198 Some say..that this onely was a trick to stroke the skittish cow to get down her milk.
a1658 R. Lovelace Lucasta: Posthume Poems (1659) 83 No wonder if a Drawer Verses Rack,..Whilst the Fair Bar-maid stroaks the Muses teat, For milk to make the Posset up compleat.
1673 Gentlewomans Compan. 215 When you milk your Cattel, stroke them well, and in the Summer-time save those strokings by themselves, to put into your morning-Milk-cheese.
1746 Exmoor Scolding (ed. 3) i. 5 Nif tha dest bet go down into the Paddick, to stroak the Kee.
1746 Exmoor Scolding (ed. 3) i. 7 Thee hast a let the Kee go zoo vor Want of strocking.
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Stroke, to take part of the milk; to milk gently.
5. ? To whip (cream, a syllabub).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > general preparation processes > perform general preparation processes [verb (transitive)] > whip
swingc1000
swengec1430
slingc1450
beat1486
batter1585
strokea1639
mill1662
whip1673
whisk1710
cream1889
a1639 H. Wotton Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 524 And now She trips to milk the Sand-red Cow; Where, for some sturdy foot-ball Swaine, Jone strokes a sillibub, or twaine.
1908 Daily Chron. 12 June 9/6 Chocolate Hands. —Wanted cream coverers, used to curl and stroke.
6. To smear (something) over a surface. Obsolete exc. Scottish. (Cf. strake v.3 2.)
ΚΠ
1660 Lupton's Thousand Notable Things (new ed.) iv. 98 Let..the water thereof [be] stilled, dropped, and stroked about the eyes.
1883 J. Kennedy in D. H. Edwards Mod. Sc. Poets 6th Ser. 218 Now she's prappit near the ceiling, Straikin' whitening on the wa'.
1888 A. G. Murdoch Sc. Readings (ed. 2) 2nd Ser. 33 Johnny himself was busy ‘straiking’ the melted solution roun' the inner edge of the rim of his hat with the point of his right fore finger.
7. Masonry. To work the face of (a stone) in such a manner as to produce a sort of fluted surface (Ogilvie 1850).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > build or construct with stone [verb (transitive)] > other processes
raggle1525
pin1680
rusticate1715
heart1776
tool1815
boast1823
fine-axe1834
ashlar1836
riprap1837
stroke1842
ditch1865
wraggle1875
bush-hammera1884
thorough-bind1884
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. iii. 518 In London, the squared stone used for facing buildings is usually stroked, tooled, or rubbed.
1910 [see stroked adj.1 at Derivatives].
8. Needlework. To dispose (small gathers) in regular order and close succession by drawing the point of a blunt needle from the top of each gather downwards.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > gather
whip1548
regather1856
stroke1875
smock1888
shirr1892
1875 L. S. Floyer Plain Needlework 21 The top of the gathers above the thread should be stroked, to give them an even appearance.
1880 Mrs. L. S. Floyer Plain Hints Exam. Needlework 48 Gather, stroke, and set in.
1909 Evening Standard 2 Aug. 11/4 In stroking gathers, the needle should be held in a sloping direction.
9. Printing. To move (a sheet) into place by a stroking-movement of the hand. Also to stroke in.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > preparatory processes > [verb (transitive)] > move sheet into place
stroke1888
1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 134 Stroker-in, the layer-on who strokes in the sheets one by one to be printed.
10. To level (grain) in a measure; = straik v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > make flat or level [verb (transitive)] > corn, etc., with an instrument
strick14..
strike14..
streakc1440
straik1579
strickle1885
stroke1887
1887 H. Caine Deemster I. v. 93 The bushel of the poor man was not to be stroked, but left in heaped-up measure.

Derivatives

stroked adj.1
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > [adjective] > made smooth
well-filed1525
smoothed1611
smoothened1818
stroked1890
1890 Nature 9 Oct. 578/2 The method adopted..consisted in determining the velocity of sound in the vapour by Kundt's dust-figures, from observation of the wave-length and the pitch of the note emitted by the stroked tube containing the vapour.
1898 A. Lang Making Relig. i. 4 Such phenomena science has ignored, as it so long ignored the sparks from the stroked deer-skin.
1910 C. H. Gregory Gloss. Build. Constr. 38 Striped or Stroked Work. Chisel marks made across a stone at an angle of 45°.
ˈstroking adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > stroking > [adjective]
stroking1619
chin-stroking1858
1619 B. Jonson Pleasure reconciled to Virtue in Masques (1640) 28 But with a minde as gentle as the stroaking winde runs ore the gentler flowers.
1620 F. Quarles Feast for Wormes G 3 A Yongling..(Scarce weaned from his dandling mothers tet, Where he was cockerd with a stroking hand).
1693 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Metamorphoses i, in Examen Poeticum 56 They stroke her Neck, the gentle Heyfar stands, And her Neck offers to their stroaking Hands.

Draft additions 1993

11. To play (a plucked or keyboard instrument, or its keys or strings) with a light or gentle touch.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform (music) [verb (transitive)] > specific style or technique
squeak1577
tinkle1582
divide1590
shake1611
slur1746
da capo1764
rattlea1766
to run over ——1789
skirl1818
spread?1822
develop1838
arpeggio1864
propose1864
recapitulate1873
jazz1915
lilt1916
jazzify1927
thump1929
schmaltz1936
belt1947
stroke1969
funkify1973
scratch1984
scratch-mix1985
1969 W. F. Nolan Dashiell Hammett viii. 82 Director Howard Hawks, listening with sad eyes as George Antheil stroked the piano.
1972 J. Wambaugh Blue Knight (1973) xiv. 252 He plucked and stroked those oud strings with the quill of an eagle feather. It's a lute-like instrument and has no frets like a guitar.
1981 N.Y. Times 20 Oct. c12/1 You can look at the pictures and eat your dinner to the accompaniment of harp music. Alyssa Hess strokes the instrument to bring out light classics and show tunes that mellifluously flood the room from 7 to 10 P.M.
1985 N.Y. Times 3 Feb. ii. 21/2 You can't test the patented pedal because it's under glass, but you can see the keys that fingers of genius stroked.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

strokev.2

Brit. /strəʊk/, U.S. /stroʊk/
Etymology: < stroke n.1
I. To mark with stripes, and related uses.
1. transitive. To mark with streaks or stripes. rare. Cf. strake v.4
ΚΠ
1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 31/4 Those [leeches] which have the backes stripped, stroked with gouldeyellow strokes.
2. To depict with strokes of the brush. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > paint [verb (transitive)]
meteOE
depaint?c1225
paintc1275
stain1519
to paint out1553
depeinct1579
limn1593
impaint1598
pencil1610
stroke1624
depencil1631
brush1897
1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. ii. 84 Such a seeming softnesse in the Limbes, as if not a Chissell has hewed them out of Stone,..but a Pensill had drawne and stroaked them in Oyle.
3. To draw the horizontal line across the upright of (the letter t); to cross. Also figurative: cf. T n. 1b.
ΚΠ
1894 M. Pemberton Sea Wolves (1901) xi. 51 What I can spell right here is thirst, and stroke the t's, too!
1897 Bookman Jan. 120/1 So Landor dotted the i's, stroked the t's, put in qualifying words, and flat contradictions.
4. With out or through: To cancel by drawing a line or lines across; to cross out.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] > erase by marking
strikec1386
to rub offa1425
cancelc1440
streakc1440
cross1483
outstrike1487
line1530
to strike out1530
dash1549
to strike off1597
cancellate1664
damask1673
score1687
to run through1817
overscore1834
blue-pencil1883
stroke1885
caviar1890
to stencil out1891
to strike through1898
ex1935
x1942
1885 ‘E. D. Gerard’ Waters Hercules xxv Half of what I had written was stroked through.
1910 G. Stevenson Suppl. Montgomerie's Poems (S.T.S.) 247 (note) The name ‘hay’ has been stroked out.
5. Of a bell: to chime the strokes of (the hour, etc.). poetic. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > sound of instruments > sound (notes, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > bell
toll1452
chime1793
swing1817
knoll1842
stroke1901
1901 T. Hardy Poems Past & Present 132 As the hope-hour stroked its sum, You did not come.
II. To induce a palsy.
6. To throw into (a palsy). Cf. stroke n.1 5.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1647 J. Hall Poems ii. 77 In thine Eye Carrying an all-enraged Majesty; That shall the Earth into a Palsie stroke, And make the Clouds sigh out themselves in smoake.
III. Sporting uses, originally in rowing.
7.
a. To row stroke in (a boat); to act as stroke to (a crew).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > propel boat by oars, paddle, or pole [verb (transitive)] > row (a boat) > row at position in boat > specific
stroke1866
1866 Morning Star 14 Feb. They are alternately stroked by Messrs. Brown and Senhouse.
1874 Shotover Papers I. No. xi. 172 They wanted Jones to stroke the Varsity boat.
1899 Daily News 16 Feb. 7/2 In the last two races he had the satisfaction of stroking his side to victory.
b. Of an oarsman or crew: to row at (a certain number of strokes per minute).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > propel boat by oars, paddle, or pole [verb (transitive)] > row (a boat) > make a stroke > row at specific rate
stroke1928
1928 Times 11 Aug. 5 The winner stroked an average of 28 to Gunther's 30.
1976 C. Freud in Webster's Sports Dict. 431/1 With 500 yards to go, the Cairo Police, stroking 38, edged past Oxford.
8. Sport. To hit or kick (the ball) smoothly and elegantly; to score in this manner.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > [verb (transitive)] > play ball in specific way
tossc1530
send1782
place1819
dowf1825
loft1857
belt1870
screw1881
smash1882
English1884
carry1889
slice1890
mishit1903
balloon1904
rainbow1906
rifle1914
tuck1958
stroke1960
1960 J. Fingleton Four Chukkas to Austral. xvi. 136 He..raved of the manner in which Cowdrey stroked the ball.
1962 Times 12 Mar. 3/2 Greaves failed to stroke home one of his crosses.
1972 Evening Telegram (St. John's, Newfoundland) 24 June 1/1 Bernie Allen stroked his first home run of the season.
1976 Wymondham & Attleborough Express 3 Dec. 27/4 Wortwell fought back and were awarded a spot kick only for Webb to stroke the ball straight to the keeper.

Derivatives

stroked adj.2 striped. Cf. straked adj.1
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > variegation > stripiness > [adjective]
ray1374
barreda1387
rayed?a1400
bendedc1400
scowledc1440
listeda1500
burledc1500
palya1509
stripy1513
rawed1534
straked1537
railye1539
rowed1552
begaired1554
pirnie1597
tiger-marked1597
tiger-striped1597
interlined1601
waled1602
striped1604
panached1664
strip1666
ribboned1790
zebraed1806
zebrinea1810
banded1823
sparred1827
notate1857
zebraic1858
stroked1896
tigered1969
bestriped-
1896 W. Harvey Kennethcrook iv. 35 If..there's siccan things as spottit horses, what ails ye at strokit anes?

Draft additions 1993

8.
a. intransitive. To swim by making strokes.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > take part in water sports [verb (intransitive)] > swim by making strokes
stroke1938
1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling iv. 35 When he dropped into the water, stroking with his free arm, the current picked him up.
1981 S. Strutt On Edge of Love iii. 57 Dulcie slipped into the rhythm of a long, even crawl, revelling in the use of unused muscles as she stroked the length of the full-sized pool.
1987 Washington Post 19 May b3/1 He was stroking for about 25 to 30 feet then he turned on his back.
b. transitive. To strike or push back (the water) by performing swimming strokes.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > take part in water sports [verb (transitive)] > push back water by performing strokes
stroke1980
1980 N.Y. Times 13 July v. 2/6 You'll need both hands later when you start stroking the water.
1984 N.Y. Times 1 Sept. i. 27/3 The 23-year-old college student, whose hands were bandaged because she stroked the water ‘wrong’.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

strokev.3

Forms: Also 1800s Scottish straik.
Etymology: ? related to strake v.1
rare.
intransitive. To go quickly; to travel.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > move swiftly [verb (intransitive)]
lakeOE
flyOE
runOE
scour13..
jace1393
hie1398
spina1400
fleetc1400
glentc1400
stripc1400
suea1450
carryc1450
speed1488
scud1532
streek1598
winga1616
to clip it1616
hackney1617
swifta1618
whirryc1630
dust1673
whew1684
race1702
stroke1735
cut1797
spank1807
skid1815
speela1818
crack1824
skimmer1824
slap1827
clip1832
skeet1838
marvel1841
lick1850
travel1850
rush1852
zip1852
sail1876
rabbit1887
move1906
high-tail1908
to ball the jack1914
buzz1914
shift1922
giddap1938
burn1942
hoosh1943
bomb1966
shred1977
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > go on a journey
ferec950
foundOE
sitheOE
to come upOE
comeOE
undernimc1275
to take or make (a, the, or one's) voyage1297
travelc1300
journeyc1330
to take one's waya1375
reisea1387
to fare a waya1400
voyage1477
wayfare1534
peregrinate1593
sojourn1608
to fare a voyage1609
to journey itc1680
to take one's foot in one's hand1755
stroke1823
trek1850
peruse1895
1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 445 The gen'rous Steed, that strokes along O'er rough, o'er smooth.
1823 W. Tennant Cardinal Beaton i. iii. 28 We'el better slip awa' soon to our beds the night, that we may rise wi' the day-daw, if we're to straik down to the coast.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

strokev.4

Etymology: ? An artificial anglicizing of straik, Scots form of streek v.
rare.
transitive. To lay out (a corpse). Also with out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > preparation or treatment of corpse > prepare corpse [verb (transitive)] > lay out
stretcha1225
streek1303
to lay out1595
composea1677
straight1725
stroke1898
1898 N. Munro John Splendid i. 4 My dear cousin, stroked out and cold under foreign clods at Velshiem.
1898 N. Munro John Splendid xi. 116 We gathered and stroked our dead.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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n.11297n.21631n.31587n.41688v.1c897v.21598v.31735v.41898
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