stupefyv.

Brit.

/ˈstjuːpᵻfʌɪ/,

/ˈstʃuːpᵻfʌɪ/, U.S.

/ˈst(j)upəˌfaɪ/

Forms: late Middle English–1700s stupefie, late Middle English–1700s stupifie, 1500s–1600s stupyfy, 1500s– stupefy, 1500s– stupify (now nonstandard).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French stupefier.

Etymology: < Middle French stupefier (although this is first attested slightly later: late 15th cent.; French stupéfier ; late 17th cent. in extended use) < classical Latin stupefacere to stun (a person) with fear or amazement, to daze, to shock into numbness, in post-classical Latin also to deprive (a substance) of fluidity or mobility (1623 in Bacon) < stupēre to be or become dazed, stunned, or speechless (see stupent adj.) + -facere (see -fy suffix).Compare Old Occitan stupefar . The spelling with i was common until the latter half of the 19th cent.; Johnson (1755) commented: ‘This word should..be spelled stupefy ; but the authorities are against it’. Compare liquify , variant of liquefy v.

1. transitive. Originally: †to cause loss of physical sensation in (a part of the body); to dull or deaden (the nerves, senses, etc.) (obsolete). In later use: to put (a person or animal) into a state of impaired consciousness and diminished responsiveness to stimuli. Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > make emotionally unfeeling [verb (transitive)] > deaden or dull the emotions

stupefy?a1425

dullc1440

benumbc1485

slumber?1533

extinguish1540

extinct1542

numb1561

damp1570

hebetate1574

daunt1581

frostbite1593

hebete1597

blunt1600

unedgea1625

engross1626

astonish1635

consopite1647

bate1649

opiate1650

blura1653

hebescate1657

torpefy1808

dozena1810

dullify1838

hebetize1845

chloroform1849

narcotize1852

sodden1863

vastate1892

the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > pass (time) listlessly or lethargically [verb (transitive)] > make listless or lethargic

stupefy?a1425

lethargy1608

doze1617

lethargize1633

dozzlea1670

somniate1719

stagnate1725

torpedoa1772

torpefy1808

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > dullness of sense perception > dull (the senses) [verb (transitive)] > stupefy

swevec725

amazeOE

mazec1390

dazea1400

fordulla1400

stupefy?a1425

dullc1440

entrance1569

damp1570

daunt1581

stupefact1583

trance1597

astound1600

mulla1616

doze1617

soporate1623

consopite1647

obstupefying1660

dozzlea1670

infatuate1712

smoor1718

silly1859

maizel1869

zombify1950

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 161^v in Middle Eng. Dict. at Stupefien Stupefactiue medicines..stupefien þe member, doinge aweie felinge.

1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health iii. xv. f. 155 This oyle stupyfieth and mightier altereth, more then the oyle of Roses doth.

1587 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnius Herbal for Bible xvii. 104 Euen as they that haue droonke some deadlie poison, whereby their vitall parts be incurably infected, benummed, and stupefied.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. v. 37 Those [drugs] she ha's, Will stupifie and dull the Sense a-while.

1691 J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues 81 As nothing doth restore us more to our selves, when we faint and are weary, than Sleep soberly taken, so nothing doth more stupifie, than its Excess.

1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 81 If the Bath be so long continu'd as to stupifie.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 359 Opiat and anodyne Substances, which stupify and relax the Fibres.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 666 The prisoner, stupified by illness, was unable..to understand what passed.

1886 N.Y. Med. Times June 87/1 Symptoms are complicated and conditions masked by the injudicious use of drugs which stupefy and paralyze.

1911 Jrnl. Okla. State Med. Assoc. 4 249 Give just enough morphine hypodermically or by rectum to relieve the pain and quiet the bowels, but not to stupefy the patient.

2004 P. Macinnis Killer Bean of Calabar p. xv Rotenone..was once used to stupefy fish to make them easier to catch.

2. transitive. To overwhelm (a person or his or her senses) with wonder, surprise, or strong emotion; to shock or stun; to astonish or astound.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > feeling of wonder, astonishment > quality of inspiring wonder > cause wonder, astonish [verb (transitive)] > stupefy

awhapec1300

stonyc1330

astony1340

astonec1374

mazec1390

stounda1400

stuna1400

to-stony?a1400

stounc1400

clumsec1440

overmusec1460

stonish1488

strike1533

dazzle1561

stoyne1563

stupefy1577

stupefact1583

obstupefy1611

astound1637

petrify1667

flabbergast1773

stagnatea1798

stama1800

swarf1813

boggle1835

razzle-dazzle1886

to knock sideways1890

stupend1900

gobsmack1987

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > causing physical symptoms > cause physical symptoms [verb (transitive)] > stupefy

awhapec1300

mazec1390

matea1400

stoynec1450

baze1603

stupefy1796

1577 T. Newton tr. Cicero Fowre Severall Treat. v. f. 112 Thou art stupefied [L. te stupidum detinet] with some excellent Table of Echion his workemanship, or els wt some Picture of Polycletus.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. iii. sig. O5 With great amazement they were stupefide .

1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 337 The apprehension of the continuance of intollerable Vsurie in England, is able to stupifie a mans senses.

1779 Mirror No. 11. ⁋13 He sat, stupified with shame and remorse.

1796 F. Burney Camilla III. vi. iii. 175 ‘If she is not in the rooms to-night,’ said Sir Sedley, ‘I shall be stupified to petrifaction.’

1888 Quiver 23 613/1 To find you here, and to find you as you are, cured and happy, stupefies me.

1899 H. V. Savile Love, the Player iii. iii. 244 Stupefied with horror and dismay, Jocelyn kept his head averted.

1917 Current Hist. May 328/2 [He] heard French runners cry, as they left the field where the American champions had just stupefied them with their swiftness, ‘Why, they're all aces!’

1929 Carbondale (Illinois) Free Press 9 Oct. 4/1 The murder itself, by stupefying us all with horror, with fear, with suspicions, did much to help her.

2005 Time Out N.Y. 21 July 82/1 MU's act is so unconventional that it can even stupefy jaded, seen-it-all music-industry types.

a. transitive. To dull or deaden (the intellect, emotions, etc.); to make (a person) mentally, spiritually, or emotionally dull, numb, or apathetic. Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > be listless or lethargic [verb (intransitive)] > make

stupefy1601

1601 W. Cornwallis Ess. II. xlvi. sig. Hh8^v So feare ought euery way to be remote from the life of a Souldier, for neither is it handsome, nor safe, so stupifying his vnderstanding, that neither the danger, his honour, his countrie, or his life is in, are either defended or regarded.

1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse i. sig. B4^v Not foreseing by true knoweledge of themselues what will..dull and stupefie their quicker intelligence, nay, disable all the faculties both of soule and body.

1709 T. Robinson Vindic. Mosaick Syst. 56 in Ess. Nat. Hist. Westmorland & Cumberland That any one..should be so stupified by the Prevalency of his Lusts, as to deny the Being of that God, whose [etc.].

1844 R. W. Emerson Ess. 2nd Ser. vii. 231 Wild liberty develops iron conscience. Want of liberty..stupefies conscience.

a1848 W. A. Butler Serm. Doctrinal & Pract. (1849) ix. 149 Satan..is the prime efficient cause of this lethargy; he who deceives that he may destroy, stupefies that he may deceive.

1950 E. Wilson Classics & Commercials 384 These last two volumes..oversaturate and stupefy the reader.

2002 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 27 June 35/4 Manipulative elites use a mixture of economic blandishments and military adventures to distract and stupefy a mass public.

b. intransitive. To lose intellectual vigour or acuity; to become stupid, dull, or apathetic. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > lack sensitivity [verb (intransitive)] > become insensitive

stupefy1609

faint1669

hebetate1832

the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > be listless or lethargic [verb (intransitive)] > become

stupefy1609

dowf1825

hebetate1832

fossilize1845

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > be stupid [verb (intransitive)] > become dull or stupid

dullc1374

stupefy1609

1609 J. Donne Let. in Poems (1633) 365 I which live in the Country without stupifying, am not in darknesse, but in shadow.

1803 M. Charlton Wife & Mistress (ed. 2) III. 47 Do not go and stupify with such an old illuminée as the Dowager Lady Melville.

1844 S. Smith Let. 28 Feb. in Lady Holland Mem. S. Smith (1855) II. 523 I always fatten and stupefy on such diet; I want to lose flesh and gain understanding.

1939 J. Wheelwright in Sewanee Rev. 47 473 No more for every well-fed mind, need thousands stupify in shrunk, sub-human bodies.

†4. transitive. To deprive (a substance) of fluidity or mobility. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] > deprive (a substance) of movement

stupefya1626

a1626 F. Bacon Physiol. Remains in Baconiana (1679) 100 This stupifieth the Quick-silver that it runneth no more.

1640 G. Watts tr. F. Bacon Of Advancem. Learning v. ii. 229 So Quicksilver in linnen, or else in the midst of moulten Lead when it begins to grow cold the Quicksilver inserted is stupified [L. stupefit], and is no longer fluid.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	stupefy
释义	stupefyv. Brit. /ˈstjuːpᵻfʌɪ/, /ˈstʃuːpᵻfʌɪ/, U.S. /ˈst(j)upəˌfaɪ/ Forms: late Middle English–1700s stupefie, late Middle English–1700s stupifie, 1500s–1600s stupyfy, 1500s– stupefy, 1500s– stupify (now nonstandard). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French stupefier. Etymology: < Middle French stupefier (although this is first attested slightly later: late 15th cent.; French stupéfier ; late 17th cent. in extended use) < classical Latin stupefacere to stun (a person) with fear or amazement, to daze, to shock into numbness, in post-classical Latin also to deprive (a substance) of fluidity or mobility (1623 in Bacon) < stupēre to be or become dazed, stunned, or speechless (see stupent adj.) + -facere (see -fy suffix).Compare Old Occitan stupefar . The spelling with i was common until the latter half of the 19th cent.; Johnson (1755) commented: ‘This word should..be spelled stupefy ; but the authorities are against it’. Compare liquify , variant of liquefy v. 1. transitive. Originally: †to cause loss of physical sensation in (a part of the body); to dull or deaden (the nerves, senses, etc.) (obsolete). In later use: to put (a person or animal) into a state of impaired consciousness and diminished responsiveness to stimuli. Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > make emotionally unfeeling [verb (transitive)] > deaden or dull the emotions stupefy?a1425 dullc1440 benumbc1485 slumber?1533 extinguish1540 extinct1542 numb1561 damp1570 hebetate1574 daunt1581 frostbite1593 hebete1597 blunt1600 unedgea1625 engross1626 astonish1635 consopite1647 bate1649 opiate1650 blura1653 hebescate1657 torpefy1808 dozena1810 dullify1838 hebetize1845 chloroform1849 narcotize1852 sodden1863 vastate1892 the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > pass (time) listlessly or lethargically [verb (transitive)] > make listless or lethargic stupefy?a1425 lethargy1608 doze1617 lethargize1633 dozzlea1670 somniate1719 stagnate1725 torpedoa1772 torpefy1808 the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > dullness of sense perception > dull (the senses) [verb (transitive)] > stupefy swevec725 amazeOE mazec1390 dazea1400 fordulla1400 stupefy?a1425 dullc1440 entrance1569 damp1570 daunt1581 stupefact1583 trance1597 astound1600 mulla1616 doze1617 soporate1623 consopite1647 obstupefying1660 dozzlea1670 infatuate1712 smoor1718 silly1859 maizel1869 zombify1950 ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 161^v in Middle Eng. Dict. at Stupefien Stupefactiue medicines..stupefien þe member, doinge aweie felinge. 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health iii. xv. f. 155 This oyle stupyfieth and mightier altereth, more then the oyle of Roses doth. 1587 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnius Herbal for Bible xvii. 104 Euen as they that haue droonke some deadlie poison, whereby their vitall parts be incurably infected, benummed, and stupefied. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. v. 37 Those [drugs] she ha's, Will stupifie and dull the Sense a-while. 1691 J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues 81 As nothing doth restore us more to our selves, when we faint and are weary, than Sleep soberly taken, so nothing doth more stupifie, than its Excess. 1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 81 If the Bath be so long continu'd as to stupifie. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 359 Opiat and anodyne Substances, which stupify and relax the Fibres. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 666 The prisoner, stupified by illness, was unable..to understand what passed. 1886 N.Y. Med. Times June 87/1 Symptoms are complicated and conditions masked by the injudicious use of drugs which stupefy and paralyze. 1911 Jrnl. Okla. State Med. Assoc. 4 249 Give just enough morphine hypodermically or by rectum to relieve the pain and quiet the bowels, but not to stupefy the patient. 2004 P. Macinnis Killer Bean of Calabar p. xv Rotenone..was once used to stupefy fish to make them easier to catch. 2. transitive. To overwhelm (a person or his or her senses) with wonder, surprise, or strong emotion; to shock or stun; to astonish or astound. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > feeling of wonder, astonishment > quality of inspiring wonder > cause wonder, astonish [verb (transitive)] > stupefy awhapec1300 stonyc1330 astony1340 astonec1374 mazec1390 stounda1400 stuna1400 to-stony?a1400 stounc1400 clumsec1440 overmusec1460 stonish1488 strike1533 dazzle1561 stoyne1563 stupefy1577 stupefact1583 obstupefy1611 astound1637 petrify1667 flabbergast1773 stagnatea1798 stama1800 swarf1813 boggle1835 razzle-dazzle1886 to knock sideways1890 stupend1900 gobsmack1987 the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > causing physical symptoms > cause physical symptoms [verb (transitive)] > stupefy awhapec1300 mazec1390 matea1400 stoynec1450 baze1603 stupefy1796 1577 T. Newton tr. Cicero Fowre Severall Treat. v. f. 112 Thou art stupefied [L. te stupidum detinet] with some excellent Table of Echion his workemanship, or els wt some Picture of Polycletus. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. iii. sig. O5 With great amazement they were stupefide . View more context for this quotation 1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 337 The apprehension of the continuance of intollerable Vsurie in England, is able to stupifie a mans senses. 1779 Mirror No. 11. ⁋13 He sat, stupified with shame and remorse. 1796 F. Burney Camilla III. vi. iii. 175 ‘If she is not in the rooms to-night,’ said Sir Sedley, ‘I shall be stupified to petrifaction.’ 1888 Quiver 23 613/1 To find you here, and to find you as you are, cured and happy, stupefies me. 1899 H. V. Savile Love, the Player iii. iii. 244 Stupefied with horror and dismay, Jocelyn kept his head averted. 1917 Current Hist. May 328/2 [He] heard French runners cry, as they left the field where the American champions had just stupefied them with their swiftness, ‘Why, they're all aces!’ 1929 Carbondale (Illinois) Free Press 9 Oct. 4/1 The murder itself, by stupefying us all with horror, with fear, with suspicions, did much to help her. 2005 Time Out N.Y. 21 July 82/1 MU's act is so unconventional that it can even stupefy jaded, seen-it-all music-industry types. 3. a. transitive. To dull or deaden (the intellect, emotions, etc.); to make (a person) mentally, spiritually, or emotionally dull, numb, or apathetic. Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > be listless or lethargic [verb (intransitive)] > make stupefy1601 1601 W. Cornwallis Ess. II. xlvi. sig. Hh8^v So feare ought euery way to be remote from the life of a Souldier, for neither is it handsome, nor safe, so stupifying his vnderstanding, that neither the danger, his honour, his countrie, or his life is in, are either defended or regarded. 1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse i. sig. B4^v Not foreseing by true knoweledge of themselues what will..dull and stupefie their quicker intelligence, nay, disable all the faculties both of soule and body. 1709 T. Robinson Vindic. Mosaick Syst. 56 in Ess. Nat. Hist. Westmorland & Cumberland That any one..should be so stupified by the Prevalency of his Lusts, as to deny the Being of that God, whose [etc.]. 1844 R. W. Emerson Ess. 2nd Ser. vii. 231 Wild liberty develops iron conscience. Want of liberty..stupefies conscience. a1848 W. A. Butler Serm. Doctrinal & Pract. (1849) ix. 149 Satan..is the prime efficient cause of this lethargy; he who deceives that he may destroy, stupefies that he may deceive. 1950 E. Wilson Classics & Commercials 384 These last two volumes..oversaturate and stupefy the reader. 2002 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 27 June 35/4 Manipulative elites use a mixture of economic blandishments and military adventures to distract and stupefy a mass public. b. intransitive. To lose intellectual vigour or acuity; to become stupid, dull, or apathetic. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > lack sensitivity [verb (intransitive)] > become insensitive stupefy1609 faint1669 hebetate1832 the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > be listless or lethargic [verb (intransitive)] > become stupefy1609 dowf1825 hebetate1832 fossilize1845 the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > be stupid [verb (intransitive)] > become dull or stupid dullc1374 stupefy1609 1609 J. Donne Let. in Poems (1633) 365 I which live in the Country without stupifying, am not in darknesse, but in shadow. 1803 M. Charlton Wife & Mistress (ed. 2) III. 47 Do not go and stupify with such an old illuminée as the Dowager Lady Melville. 1844 S. Smith Let. 28 Feb. in Lady Holland Mem. S. Smith (1855) II. 523 I always fatten and stupefy on such diet; I want to lose flesh and gain understanding. 1939 J. Wheelwright in Sewanee Rev. 47 473 No more for every well-fed mind, need thousands stupify in shrunk, sub-human bodies. †4. transitive. To deprive (a substance) of fluidity or mobility. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] > deprive (a substance) of movement stupefya1626 a1626 F. Bacon Physiol. Remains in Baconiana (1679) 100 This stupifieth the Quick-silver that it runneth no more. 1640 G. Watts tr. F. Bacon Of Advancem. Learning v. ii. 229 So Quicksilver in linnen, or else in the midst of moulten Lead when it begins to grow cold the Quicksilver inserted is stupified [L. stupefit], and is no longer fluid. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < v.?a1425
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