| 释义 |
subversionn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French subversion; Latin subversion-, subversio. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman subvercion, subversioun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French subversion (French subversion ) action of razing a city or stronghold (c1190 in Old French as sovercion ), ruin, destruction (end of the 12th cent.), transformation of a state of things (a1327 or earlier in Anglo-Norman in subversion de morale moral corruption; 1536 in continental French), action of overthrowing a nation, government, ruler, etc. (a1377 or earlier in Anglo-Norman; a1475 in continental French), rebellion (1433), nausea (a1500 in subversion de l'ame , lit. ‘overturning of the soul’), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin subversion-, subversio overthrow, destruction, (of souls) ruin (Vulgate) < classical Latin subvers- , past participial stem of subvertere subvert v. + -iō -ion suffix1. Compare Spanish subversión (late 14th cent.), Portuguese subversão (1589), Italian sovversione (a1342).In subversion of the stomach at sense 4 after Italian sovversione di stomaco (14th cent.; also †subversione del stomaco ); compare post-classical Latin stomachi subversio (a1250 in a British source), itself after Hellenistic Greek ἀνατροπή στομάχου . The β. forms result from association with words in -tion suffix. 1. the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > overthrow of a person, institution, belief, etc. a1325 (2011) xxxiii. 95 For þat marchauns of oþere londes..bringez into oure regne fram þe parties biȝunde see oure moneie iclipped, ant oþer of diuerses cuines contrefeted to oure moneie ant imeind..to oure grete harme,..ant to subuersion of alle oure moneie. 1399 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1399 Pleas §9. m. 2 Subversioun of lawe of the lond. 1429 in H. Nicolas (1834) III. 340 Reduccioun..of þeretikes þere þat entenden þe subversioun of þe Christen feith. 1489–90 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1489 §48. m. 15 To the subvercion of the polecy and gode rule of this lond. 1502 tr. (de Worde) v. iv. sig. qq.ii Manyfeste subuercyon of the trouth of god. 1669 T. Gale i. Introd. 9 A Discourse..which directly tendes to the subversion of my main Hypothesis. 1681 J. Flavell xxvii. 461 The crucifixion of sin necessarily implies the subversion of its dominion over the soul. 1757 W. Pitt Desp. 23 Aug. in (1885) App. i. 213 The Danger to Great Britain and her Allies, resulting from a total Subversion of the System of Europe. 1757 T. Gray Let. 28 Sept. in (1971) II. 528 It is the brokenness, the ungrammatical position, the total subversion of the period, that charms me. 1849 T. B. Macaulay II. 412 The violent subversion of one free constitution would have been a strange prelude to the violent restoration of another. 1863 H. Cox i. vii. 64 The Norman Conquest was a subversion of the titles to land. 1880 E. White 103 Under conditions which expose your faith to ever-imminent subversion. 1928 1 364 ‘Social normativism’—a mechanical order (or disorder) the establishment of which presumes the violent subversion of all rival systems. 1992 J. Golinski (1999) vi. 177 Chemical terms were among those used [by Burke] to represent the anarchy that resulted from subversion of the established order. society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun] > corruption a1425 (a1400) (1916) 2 Tim. ii. 14 (MED) Wile þou not stryfe with woordys, for to noght it is profitable but to þe subuersyoun [L. subversionem] of þe herande. c1475 tr. A. Chartier (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 157 O..custume of ease..soo long haue ye..made soft and tendre the corages of the men that this subuercion..hath wel nygh conveid us to ruine. ?1587 R. Southwell iv. f. 44 The fleshe, also hath entered league with him [sc. the devil], and conspired to my subuersion. 1613 W. B. tr. S. Michaelis Disc. of Spirits iv. 48 in If hee [sc. the devil] had applied himselfe vnto Adam, hee would haue laboured his subuersion by more couert & guilefull meanes then hee vsed towards the woman. 1644 G. Hughes 105 A carefull eye must be then upon the hurt, lest it prove fatall, and proceed to the utter subversion of the soule. society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > [noun] 1470 in (1767–77) VI. 233/2 The seid Duke and Erle intended..the subversion of this his Reaume. 1531 T. Elyot iii. xv. sig. cviiiv Many a valyaunt capitayne & noble prince, haue..brought all their contrayes in daungeour, and often tymes to subuercion and ruyne. c1550 (1979) 20/5 This exempil may be applyit to the subuertions ande mutations of realmis ande dominions. 1608 A. Willet 827 The ouerthrow and subuersion of the Cananites. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. i. 208 These great Lords..Doe seeke subuersion of thy harmelesse Life. View more context for this quotation 1643 T. Fuller §26 We have so long waited for their conversion, we have almost seene our subversion. 1756 W. Duncan tr. Cicero viii. 257 His pursuit of new praise threatens the entire subversion of his former fortune. 1798 Ld. Auckland in (1862) III. 386 The subversion of several powers and states upon the continent. 1822 8 June 1/5 A discerning eye will perceive the causes which lead to the subversion of the greatest empires, and note the revolutions which time seemingly effects. 1888 J. H. Waggoner vii. 70 The prophet Ezekiel spoke of the utter subversion of the kingdom, and also of its future restoration. 1952 M. Tremaine 388 Pointing to the disastrous results of subversion of king and clergy in France. 1970 P. M. Holt in II. vii. v. 329 Modern Sudanese tradition dates the fall of Sūba, and final subversion of the kingdom, to 910/1504-5. 1745 G. Fothergill 37 Every truly conscientious Man will..insist on having some very important Questions..fully resolved, before He will allow himself to enter into Schemes of Subversion against the Government that protects him. 1851 W. E. Gladstone tr. L. C. Farini II. viii. 171 There were in Naples not a few of the emissaries of the republicans of France..who worked hard at the business of conspiracy and subversion. 1883 Aug. 470/2 They were the members of a society whose formation was thought to menace the young country with the subversion of its free institutions. 1953 15 June 54/2 The President and four of his Cabinet members discussed what they were trying to do about..social welfare, subversion and other topics. 1983 D. Ravitch iii. 92 Public fear of Communist subversion continued to build, stoked by the sensational spy trials and congressional hearings of the late 1940s and early 1950s. 2012 (Nexis) 20 Jan. 18 A fourth man, the poet Zhu Yufu, was charged with subversion [in China] on Monday. the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] > demolition the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > [noun] > capsizing or upset a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xix. 29 He..delyuerde loth fro þe subuersyoun [L. subversione] of cyteȝ in which he hadde ydwelt. ?a1425 (Egerton) (1889) 77 Þis Loth was he þat was saued at þe subuersioun of Sodom. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 2946 For þis þe fyn þat þer folwe schal: Subuersioun, bothe of tour and wal. 1547 J. Harrison 208 Sackyng of tounes, subuersion of holdes, murder of men. 1589 G. Puttenham i. xxiv. 38 Nowe are the causes of mans sorrowes many:..the ouerthrowes and discomforts in battell, the subuersions of townes and cities, the desolations of countreis. 1607 B. Jonson ii. i. sig. D2v A Whale..that had waited there..for the subuersion Of the Stode-Fleete. View more context for this quotation 1615 G. Sandys 205 Beseiged by an hundred and fifty thousand Mahometans, Acre received an utter subversion. 1712 E. Wells II. iv. 59 The first Object which..put us in mind of our Mortality, as well as of the Period and subversion of Cities, were certain magnificent Tombs. 1757 P. Francis tr. Demosthenes II. xv. 65 The utter Extirpation of their Enemies,..and the total Subversion of their Walls and Cities [Gk. ὄλων τῶν τειχῶν καὶ τῶν πόλεων ἀναίρεσις]. 1856 A. P. Stanley (1858) vii. 289 Bela, the old name of Zoar, was understood..to allude to the fact of its frequent subversion by earthquakes. 1903 W. Kelly 9 The eve of the subversion of the city and sanctuary. the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > [noun] 1558 Bp. T. Watson vi. xxxivv Wherupon foloweth the decaye of healthe, and subuersion of reason. a1627 R. Shelford (1635) v. 231 After perturbation of minde follows confusion of minde, which is the subversion of all the senses. 1688 J. Walker tr. J. F. de la Chaise Disc. Proofs Bks. Moses in tr. B. Pascal 339 Men are not Idiots, and..there are certain Rules in Nature, from whence they never depart, but by a total subversion of Reason. 1716 R. Blackmore (ed. 2) 7 This Observation [that wit and discretion are incompatible] is not so conspicuous in any, as in those, whose native Complexion come the nearest to a Subversion and Absence of Mind. 1789 T. Holcroft tr. Frederick II I. 181 In a state of drunkenness,..or when there is any subversion of our faculties, &c. our freedom is no longer obeyed by our senses. 1807 R. Maturin I. xvi. 212 He had darkly spoken of the possible subversion of my reason; I felt all the horrors of this prediction. 1836 5 21 It is not usual..that the subversion of the mind is the work of an hour, or a day. The attacks of insanity are commonly gradual. a1890 W. B. Scott (1892) II. viii. 113 The feeble-minded English law declares the suicide to be of unsound mind... But the circumstance I am now to relate, indicating the subversion of reason itself, it appears to me highly desirable to place on record. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [noun] > nausea the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [noun] 1569 R. Androse tr. ‘Alessio’ iii. 45 (heading) Against the subuersion of the stomach [It. Alla subuersion del stomacho]. 1615 H. Crooke 145 The great consent betweene the stomacke and the kidneyes, and the subuersion of the stomacke, and frequent vomits. 1695 J. Pechey lxxi. 229 A total subversion of the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts. 1724 R. Blackmore 2 [The body] becomes emaciated by a great Subversion, or total Loss of Appetite. 1783 W. Lewis & A. Duncan tr. F. Hoffmann II. ii. ii. vi. 164 Plain marks of a spasmodic and convulsive subversion of the stomach and the nervous parts annexed. 1844 F. Adams tr. P. Ægineta I. iii. 509 For subversion of the stomach, take of the juice of the kernels of the unripe pomegranate. 1861 C. J. Hempel tr. F. Schiller II. 260/2 The sensation characterizing the general subversion of the organs, and resulting from the commingling of a thousand feelings of pain. 1918 G. W. Jacoby i. v. 83 Similarly a disorder of brain activity depends only in part upon the subversion of the individual functions necessary for the orderly course of psychic processes. the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > [noun] > causing capsize or upset 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard i. iv. 181 The violence of the powder was so great, that it blew up the floor where the Duke sate at dinner,..the Duke only by a miracle of Fortune remaining still sitting, and upright in the midst of this subversion [Fr. debris]. 1684 T. Burnet i. vii. 91 The opening and shutting the Abysse, with the dissolution or subversion of the Earth. 1703 J. Evelyn (1955) V. 550 The subversion of Woods & Timber..thro my whole Estate..is most Tragicall. 1776 M. Peters Ref. to Rotherham plough A circular coulter..answers the same end in cutting the earth, for an easy subversion of the furrow, as a common coulter. 1797 VII. 374/1 Others think, that the waters of the sea..turned the whole surface of the earth upside down;..and that in this general subversion, the shells came to be interred here, fishes there, trees there, &c. 1816 T. L. Peacock x. 135 The subversion of a cup of chocolate..into the nape of the neck of Sir Patrick O'Prism. 1820 Dec. 419 The various ruins caused by the pulling down of edifices; the subversion of the soil in consequence of the exhumations. 1885 2 799 The extent of her liability in making it so near the division line as to cause the earth from the lot occupied by the plaintiff to fall into the excavation, was to pay for the subversion of the earth thus occasioned. 1903 701/1 The tearing down of walls, subversion of the soil, and building the road were willful acts. 1951 3 561 Not so much a planned structure as a subversion of the ‘logical’ order of narration in favor of simultaneity and direct emotional apprehension. 1960 I. Watt x. 292 This sly subversion of the proper purposes of the novel has recently bestowed upon Tristram Shandy a certain posthumous topicality. 1976 C. Johnston in B. Nichols I. 211 Many women have read into her [sc. Mae West's]..verbal aggression an attempt at the subversion of male domination in the cinema. 1992 Apr. 96/2 The humour is in keeping with an off-the-wall surrealism, a new subversion of comedy show rules. 2006 15 June 52/4 A fresh source for sartorial subversion in the form of perfectly cut sweaters, jackets and hoodies tricked out with irreverent details. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.a1325 |
