| 释义 |
studentn.1 Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (ii) a borrowing from French. Partly (iii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: estudiant n.; French estudiant; Latin student-, studens. Etymology: In α. forms either (i) aphetic < estudiant n. (although this is first attested slightly later), or (ii) < Anglo-Norman and Middle French estudiant, estudient estudiant n.; the loss of the initial vowel may result from association with study v. (beside estudy v.). Compare studient adj. In β. forms (iii) < post-classical Latin student-, studens person engaged in study (frequently from 1231 in British sources; also in continental sources), (perhaps) member of the foundation of Christ Church, Oxford (1565 in a British source), earlier (in plural) denoting fanatical members of a sect (4th cent.), use as noun of classical Latin student- , studēns , present participle of studēre to apply oneself, study (see study n.).Compare Italian studente (a1400), and also Dutch student (mid 14th cent. in Middle Dutch), German Student (15th cent. in Middle High German as studente), Swedish student (1498 in Old Swedish), Danish student (c1500 in Old Danish). society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > one who studies α. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xv. 483 He [sc. Mercurius] makeþ men studientis in science of numbres [MS membres] and louers þerof [L. studiosos et scientie numerorum amatores]. c1450 tr. (Royal) 21 He that is a parfit studiaunt in that science. 1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara ii. xiii. f. 98/2 We se it by experyence, that the greate studiantes [Sp. los hombres muy estudiosos] are persecuted more wyth sycknes, then any others. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. ii. 8 I am not..leane enough to bee thought a good Studient . View more context for this quotation 1683 J. Lead 61 But Wisdom's Children shall be able to set themselves free, as they become Studients in the Art of this divine Magia. 1756 Apr. 363/2 And thus far the Protestant studient would do well to follow this writer's directions. 2. society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] α. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville (Cambr.) (1869) 48 Now sey me..if ther been manye studyauntes and how grete the citees ben. c1485 ( G. Hay (2005) 89 Quhethir a studyand may lefully be haldin jn prisoun. 1509 J. Fisher (de Worde) sig. Bii The studyentes of bothe the vnyuersytees to whome she was as a moder. 1547 Househ. Bk. Edw. VI in (Camden) 195 Nicholas Bacon, studiant at the Lawe. 1632 W. Lithgow x. 443 Flockes of Studientes, that ouer-swarme the whole land. a1661 T. Fuller (1662) Norf. 250 He was..entered a Studient of the Municipal-law in the Inner-Temple. 1738 ‘W. Quaint’ ii. 26 Wild. But prithee, Tim, who are these solid Gentlemen that can put on such Gravity? Tim. They are Studients, and Men of Honour. 1771 II. vii. 94 He went barefooted, and adopted such a strange manner of living, as occasioned him to be ridiculed by the studients of Salamanca. society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] 1764 D. E. Baker II. at Peaps It is, however, agreed by all the Writers, that the Author lived in the Reign of Charles I. and was a student at Eton. 1854 6 Feb. 4/3 A new class of 110 students were admitted into the high school this morning. 1888 19 July 6/1 The attendance of Mahomedan students at secondary schools has since 1881-82 risen. 1924 Mar. 6/1 It was felt..that to single out the student who excelled in scholarship was usually to recognize native abilities but not necessarily serious effort. 1936 29 Aug. 4/6 [In the United States] even schoolboys and schoolgirls are students. 1990 21 Dec. 6/4 Students aged eight and older were already getting drug education. 2015 1 Apr. 32 He is one of the best-behaved students at his school. the world > action or operation > endeavour > [noun] > one who endeavours or attempts > to obtain or attain 1545 R. Ascham i. f. 9v Wherin they both agre, that Musike vsed amonges the Lydians is verie ill for yong men, which be studentes for vertue and learning. ?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer (new ed.) xii. 467 So long, not a head Of all those Oxen, fell in any strife Amongst those students for the gut, and life [Gk. τόϕρα βοῶν ἀπέχοντο λιλαιόμενοι βιότοιο]. 1684 tr. Bp. J. Hall iii. 130 'Tis worth the laughing at, to see the Toylsome folly of these Extractors: These Students for the Phylosopher Stone. 4. society > education > member of university > [noun] > fellow 1589 R. Hakluyt (title page) By Richard Hakluyt Master of Artes, and student sometime of Christ-church in Oxford. 1651 G. Langbaine 12 He [sc. Henry VIII] established therein a Dean, 8 Canons, 3 publick Professors of Divinity.., 60 Students, eight Chaplains. a1684 J. Evelyn anno 1672 (1955) III. 628 Mr. Lock an excellent learned Gent: & student of Christ-Church. 1753 T. Bray Let. 21 May in T. Secker (1991) 236 Dr Bertie has been offering the Headship of Hertford College to the Students of Christ Church. 1791 Nov. 1067/1 He was the oldest member of the University of Oxford, and senior student of Christ Church, where he took the degree of M. A. 1858 §6 The Senior Students shall be persons of unblemished character. 1858 §17 If in the judgment of the electors..he shall not be in all respects fit to be a Student of the House. 1960 7 Oct. 4/2 In..your leading article you write..‘the master and fellows of Christ's Church, Oxford’. This should be ‘the dean and students of Christ Church, Oxford’. 2001 65 450 His death left his colleague T. J. Prout as the senior of the Senior Students of Christ Church. society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > financed pupil or student ?1784 14 That no young persons be admitted as Students on this Fund but such as are baptized on a profession of their faith. 1802 71 [Gonville and Caius College] There are also four studentships..for students in physic... These students are required to take their degree of Bachelor in Physic as soon as they are of sufficient standing. 1907 12 492 Mr. R. H. Coon, of Lincoln College, also a Rhodes student. 1988 9 June 30/1 Applications for the above studentships are invited... The student will have the opportunity to spend at least 3 months at Glaxo's Research Laboratories. 2008 S. J. Zepeda p. vii Oksana is a former Canada World Youth participant and a Fulbright student. the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > [noun] > drug-user > inexperienced user 1936 11 123/1 Joy-popper, a person, not a confirmed addict, who indulges in an occasional shot of dope. However, joy-popping is usually the beginning of a permanent addiction. If the joy-popper has trouble establishing the desire and pleasure from indulging it, he is called a student. 1949 N. Algren 25 You're not a student any more... Junkie—you're hooked. 1951 27 Mar. 4/1 The graduate ‘hype’ was a ‘student’ or ‘hoosier fiend’ who ‘dabbled’ with drugs occasionally. He had what is known as ‘chippy habit’, a ‘Saturday night habit’, or an ‘ice cream habit’. Phrases P1. 1578 T. Nicholas tr. F. Lopez de Gómara 2 Yet his parents were much offended with him for leauing his studie, for theyr onely desire was to have had him a student at lawe [Sp. que aprendiesse leyes]. 1629 T. Browne tr. W. Camden iv. 221 Afterwards hauing beene a Student at Law in Graies Inne at London [L. cum juri in Graiensi Londini Collegio aliquantisper incubuisset], hee married Mildred a good Græcian and Latinist. 1724 22 Feb. 2794/1 This Gentleman, who was a Student at Law,..had for a Day or two before discover'd some Tokens of Madness. 1881 23 Nov. Young men of education and refinement have been unwisely brought up to prefer the position..of student-at-law..to the manly..labors of the farmer. 1933 28 Feb. 12/7 While still a student at law he was elected as a member of the Legislature. 1979 16 Sept. 3/6 A student-at-law for Metis federation lawyer A. E. MacDonald also wanted the documents. 2011 R. W. Mackay 3 Tom Macrae, twenty-year-old student-at-law articled to Henry Zink of the Manitoba bar, sat in the ten-by-twelve-foot interview room. P2. 1766 J. Fordyce II. xii. 312 Inform us, ye students of human nature, what it is in the female mind that..inclines it so strongly to the love of scandal? 1831 16 July 31/1 It is a natural history of one of the most powerful minds that ever lived, and therefore valuable to the student of human nature. 1918 A. A. Brill & A. B. Kuttner tr. S. Freud i. 35 Students of human nature..have long ago taught us that we do wrong to value our intelligence as an independent force and to overlook its dependence upon our emotional life. 1958 July 636/1 It requires no deep student of human nature to realize that a driver who knows that his tickets can be fixed is going to be careless about observance of the traffic laws. 2007 A. Greenspan 17 Economists cannot avoid being students of human nature, particularly of exuberance and fear. Compounds C1. 1717 16 Doctor and student books of cuts, &c. 1817 W. Holland Diary 16 Dec. in (1984) 289 The Dean..should give him a Studentship on Christmas Day next when he would put on his Student Gown. 1825 Mar. 332/2 Hurrah! hurrah! Freedom and the student-life for ever! 1835 May 510/2 In his hand he carries a stick, generally a sword-cane, probably a remnant of his student-days. 1842 Mar. 82 In a student population of one thousand, all the noise and display is made by some one to two hundred. 1870 J. Eckardt iii. 103 Instead of taking notes of lectures, they wrote articles for the newly established student-paper. 1902 3 July 9/1 There is in every young man's student years one which may be compared to the budding of a tree. 1934 R. C. Priebsch & W. E. Collinson ii. v. 262 Student slang has a number of different designations for the people and things most familiar in student life. 1952 19 Apr. (Afro Mag. section) 4/3 The student party, which was held at the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity house, was attended by all visiting students. 1970 C. Hanly et al. i. 11 Student fees were a fluctuating but always important source of revenue. 1986 May 13/2 To gauge the severity of the effects of student debt one wants statistics that are hard to come by. 2014 (Nexis) 24 Jan. (Business section) 43 A slowdown in student enrolment at American universities has hurt sales of Pearson's college textbooks. b. Several of the compounds in this section, and in Compounds 1d and Compounds 2, reflect the association of students with political activism, radicalism, or protest. 1963 15 Feb. 7/2 The implications of the increase in the student activism evident in the past year. 1977 14 Apr. 4/4 The University of the Philippines, a hotbed of student activism before Mr Marcos declared martial law in September 1972. 1990 Winter 94 I have already referred to telling differences between student activism in Shanghai and Beijing. society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > collectively 1841 W. Howitt iii. 30 It [sc. a court] passes all the resolutions, to which the whole student-body of the university must submit itself. 1922 May 45/2 The people's University of the Air will have a greater student body than all of our universities put together. 2008 27 May a18/2 At the beginning of each day, the student body recites a nine-paragraph ‘affirmation’ that begins, ‘I am a positive force in this world.’ 1929 8 Sept. ii. 2/3 Dr. Powers and his assistant..who will develop a program of student counselling. 1996 17 7 A 30-item questionnaire designed as an aid to student counselling. 1882 Jan. 206/1 Student government is working well. There are fewer disturbances than formerly, and morals and scholarship have improved. 1932 Dec. 187/1 Our college is entertaining next week the delegates of the various student governments of colleges for women in the South and East. 2006 B. A. Masters (2007) 27 He had just become the first sophomore in recent memory to win the presidency of the student government. 1919 17 Apr. 8 He referred to the announcement in the Press that the junior student grant had been abolished.] 1937 7 Feb. 14 He..cited President Roosevelt's program of allotting funds for schools, WPA teachers and student grants. 1965 (Univ. Coll. London Union) 43 For years the Councils of the N.U.S...have reiterated a call for the abolition of the Means Test on parental incomes used in the assessment of student grants. 2002 June 8/2 Already with the loss of the student grant whole sections of the community are being priced out of education. 1904 10 23 Rashdall..supposes that c. 55 refers to student hostels. 1960 35 This year marks the eleventh in which the Union has maintained a student hostel in the Bloomsbury area. 2002 M. McGrath (2003) 231 The bulking Seamen's Mission at Custom House has been converted into a student hostel. 1838 11 Fiercely up the stairs they pressed, The Student leaders to arrest. 1962 E. Snow (1963) i. 20 Huang Hua, whom I knew as a student leader when I taught briefly at the American-supported Yenching University. 2000 28 Apr. 16/3 She is one of the female student leaders who have won the admiration and respect of both the students and of top University officials. 1856 Nov. 154/2 There are in general two tolerably well defined, and..distinct classes of student organizations. 1926 S. Nearing vi. 69 Student organization in this institution was very thorough. 2009 C. L. Torbenson in 231 Universities often deny permission to these groups to be recognized as a student organization on campus. 1877 31/1 Oldest student newspaper in the country. 1961 19 May 312/2 Exeter has no magazine at all, only a student newspaper of the lowest possible standard. 2011 Z. Day xxxi. 206 She worked on the student newspaper and yearbook through junior high and high school. 1887 Mar. 228 Such thoughts come naturally when we contemplate student politics. 1954 P. Toynbee ii. 35 I used my freedom to become..violently caught up in the excitement of student politics. 2011 12 Nov. (Mag.) 21/2 He joined the Labour Party in 1997, while at university, but he wasn't interested in student politics. 1899 17 June 1/4 A committee of students is making arrangements to have strong student protest against letting Dr. Kirkwood go. 1965 Summer 9/1 The worst tactical mistake the SRC could make is not to dissociate itself from the old idea of ‘student protest’. 1976 D. Clark vi. 133 We'd had a student protest at the gate. 2006 R. Gunesekera (2007) 9 The student protests of the year before..had created widespread dissent, but nothing obviously Maoist or Marcosist was going on in his part of town. 1862 7 Mar. 4/2 The suspension of a Professor of Oriental languages..led to a student revolt, put down only by the strong arm of power. 1969 8 May 630/2 I said that western civilisation today was being challenged from within... The most obvious symptom is the outbreak of what is commonly called ‘student unrest’, or ‘student revolt’. 2007 T. Brokaw i. 80 More campuses were roiled by student revolts. 1858 10 May 3/5 Professor Anton Füster..in whose hands, during the student revolution of 1848, lay long the destinies of the Austrian empire. 1968 31 July 168/1 When the student revolution intervened the group moved to England. 1985 N. Bagnall ii. 29 No such notions bothered, or impinged on, the newspaper-reading public much until the student revolutions of 1968–70. 1996 T. Clancy xlvi. 630 Then had come more reform, the supposed changeover from Marxism to something else, another student revolution—this one against the existing political system. 1831 19 Feb. 662/1 It would be trespassing too much upon your space to enter further into particulars relating to these student-riots. 1929 Jan. 47/2 He was a Turkish spy in our lines during the war—one of the instigators of the Cairo student riots. 1971 30 May 5 The stun gun has already been used effectively by the Alameda County Sheriff's Department who are called in whenever student riots at Berkeley become too much for the local police. 2000 G. Ward in A. Hastings et al. 551/2 One date for the onset of postmodernity could be May 1968 with the student riots in Paris against Gaullist conservatism. 1839 Sept. 271/2 The words of a student song he continued to sing without ceasing for above an hour—being the last waking thought in my memory. 1925 Feb. 53/1 I either heard or dreamed that I heard a chorus of young voices singing student songs, but they were far, oh, so far away. 1999 A. Weir (2007) viii. 131 In Germany, her beauty was lauded in the contemporary collection of anonymous student songs known as the Carmina Burana. 1901 16 Feb. 10/3 (headline) Student unrest in Russia. Many exiled to the east. 1966 J. Mitford in 15 Mar. 93/1 Campuses throughout the country, undergoing the ‘wave of student unrest’, are producing their share of women individualists. 2003 R. Dalton et al. i. 8 A..wave of student unrest spread across Europe in the late 1960s and the early 1970s. 1878 Mar. 72/1 One of those student uprisings that cannot be accounted for. 1968 25 May 6/6 Denying government aid to students and teachers is a poor way to halt student uprisings. 2008 N. Koblitz iii. 21 The student uprising lasted several days and was widely covered (with harsh disapproval) in the newspapers. 1933 12 Feb. 20/2 President Machado defended the closing of the University of Havana as caused by student violence in a controversy over discipline. 1947 21 July 86/2 (caption) Student violence flares periodically. 2006 F. C. Lunenburg & B. J. Irby iv. xii. 293/2 Student violence may be reduced in schools by creating an orderly climate conducive to learning. c. attributive. Designating a person who is studying or in training to become what is specified by the second element. See also student teacher n.1744 T. Tanner & J. Tanner (new ed.) 435 Richard de Hoton prior, and the monks of the cathedral convent of Durham, purchased ground and built a college for their young student monks on Canditch. 1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark I. Introd. p. lxxxiii Foundation of Gloucester House for student-monks. 2008 July 118/3 Given his intelligence and ability, he might have become a state senator.., or a student monk in a Zen Buddhist temple in Kyoto. 1861 22 June 617/1 Student-nurses might be attached to Poor-law surgeons; or a maternity department, embracing the duty of training nurses, might be engrafted upon a dispensary or general hospital. 1921 212 From January to August 17 student nurses were rotated through the service as part of their training. 1999 5 Feb. 4/4 King's college has the biggest proportion of student nurses in the University of London. 1809 Nov. 41 (table) Student Preachers. 1912 G. W. E. Russell ii. 29 The student-preacher of a written sermon..before the College [at Cuddesdon] had the right to dine at the Vicarage, and receive a detailed criticism after dinner. 2013 (Nexis) 26 Mar. At church, we all should be so lucky to listen to student preachers each week. d. Appositive. 1957 24 Apr. 6/5 Groups of ‘student activists’ are being formed at the universities to organize debates. 1969 ‘E. Lathen’ x. 114 He had almost forgotten his role as a student activist. 2012 Mar. 21/3 Just over a decade ago, Popovic was a student activist in Belgrade working to oust Slobodan Milošević. 1885 Jan. 140 Faculty participation..is now not only acceptable but eagerly sought for by the student athlete. 1926 9 Jan. 10/3 He..was given the Western Conference medal for Michigan in 1921 for the most outstanding student athlete in his class at the college. 2008 C. A. Baker 62 A good coach must find a way to reach her student athletes. a1593 C. Marlowe (c1600) sig. A5v Paris hath full fiue hundred Colledges, As Monestaries, Priories, Abbyes and halles, Wherein are thirtie thousand able men, Besides a thousand sturdy student Catholicks. 1934 8 Feb. 9/5 (heading) Gun fight between Spanish police and student protesters. 1969 H. R. Rowland in A. B. Shostak (1971) xiii. 134 The sociological profession has been singled out for some of the most exquisitely vicious attacks ever launched by student protesters. 2007 1 Nov. (Times2 section) 23/4 We don't yet know what has prompted Nasima's journey from stroppy student protester to dangerous fanatic. 1900 T. S. Omond v. 338 In 1836, moreover, he suffered imprisonment as a student Radical. 1965 Mar. 83/3 The Free Speech Movement has been led by student radicals. 2006 14 Dec. 17/2 At the time of Vietnam, many student radicals not only opposed the war but sympathised with the enemy. 1908 Jan. 84/2 The number of courses in which there are student-led groups. 1921 28 Dec. 8/6 The modern girls' college claims to be a complete democracy..with..student-run athletics and dramatics. 1952 41 (front matter) (advt.) Student-operated book plan for schools. 1991 Nov. 114/2 A student-dominated group that wanted the military back in their barracks. 2005 25 Apr. 4/6 More than 100 representatives from York Region's 22 public high schools will converge..for a first-ever student-initiated, one-day conference. 2013 M. H. Morris et al. viii. 132 [The coffeehouse] continues to be a great success as a student-run venture. C2. society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > student card 1874 J. M. Hart iii. 40 The student-card..is a peculiarly German institution... You are always to carry this card about you on your person, and produce it whenever it may be demanded by the university or town police, under penalty of a fine of twenty Silber Groschen (50 cents). 1903 12 6 It was but a short time after the settlement of the strike of April, 1902, that trouble was brewing again. First there came friction over giving instruction to learners and over signing ‘student cards’. 1973 May 53/2 Cost of the 16-hour program: $50 ($30 for anyone with a student card). 1999 (Univ. York) 8 Mar. 15/1 If you remember to take your student card you can take advantage of the student reductions. 1925 9 82 This [principle] has led to the attempt to construct a child-centered or a student-centered curriculum. 1990 D. J. Kirby et al. iv. 64 Faculty attempt to adjust their courses to make them more values-oriented, student-centered, or content-relevant. 2008 15 May (Abu Dhabi Suppl.) 5/6 Learning subjects by rote may soon be replaced by more student-centred teaching that emphasises critical thinking. 1885 24 Jan. 105/2 Edinburgh Student's Council.] 1886 May 4/2 Every minor offense should not be reported to the faculty—the student council itself should investigate and act upon these. 1940 20 Apr. 13/6 Reform Party candidates won every student council and senior class position in the elections held at George Washington University yesterday. 1998 B. Kingsolver (1999) ii. 177 It sounded kind of like student-council elections at Bethlehem High, where whoever has the biggest click of friends, they win. 2009 12 Sept. (FT Weekend section) 11/4 At high school she continued to outperform, becoming president of the student council, delivering strong academic results [etc.]. society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > militancy > [noun] > demonstration > types of demonstration or protest 1856 2 Feb. 174/1 The significance of these student demonstrations [in Paris] arises from the fact that the students—fresh from home—express the sentiments of their parents, friends, and neighbours. 1968 19 Feb. a1/1 Medical records show that at least 16 out of the 28 Negroes shot by troopers during a violent student demonstration were struck from the rear. 2010 L. Chan 114 I watched CNN programs from New Jersey daily during the 1989 Tiananmen student demonstration. 1895 (Royal Soc.) A. 186 93 The experimental work of this paper was in part carried out by three of the Student Demonstrators of the Siemens Laboratory, King's College London. 1905 3 Nov. 3 A party of student demonstrators returning from prison with liberated political prisoners met a crowd of workmen of the ‘patriotic’ faction, and an encounter ensued. 1999 15 Oct. 1/4 (caption) Molotov cocktails rain down during a clash with several thousand student demonstrators in Jakarta. 2005 Ho Peng Yoke i. 31 Professor Alexander gave me a part-time job as a student demonstrator in the laboratory classes. 1907 27 Feb. 11/1 (heading) Student drivers feared as a menace to the policy of time-honored graft. 1915 28 May 13/5 Student driver runs through brick wall. 1961 22 Feb. 46/1 It seems that 13 inches of snow was just a little bit too much for the student drivers to negotiate. 2010 M. C. Zwaagstra et al. xii. 149 Suppose all student drivers received their licenses regardless of whether or not they knew how to drive a car. 1824 Nov. 559/1 A degree of skill is acquired which is often very astonishing, and which, I think, is one of the causes of the slight results of the student-duels. 1911 L. Knowles (ed. 2) 4 Even to Germans, these Mensuren, or lighter student-duels,..have their humorous side. 2007 12 Mar. 81/2 The student duel, known as die Mensur, was an approved pedagogical exercise, a preparatory step toward the all-important duel of honor. 1910 21 May 103 This in turn was followed by a Scandinavian-American student exchange. 1971 K. Dick 42 I've been to Potsdam, Amsterdam, Königsberg... Sort of student exchange holidays. 1995 10 Feb. 16/3 Socrates, the new education programme which provides money for student exchanges and school networks. 1984 73 (end matter) (advt.) User-friendly means student-friendly. 1996 (Nexis) 21 Aug. (College Places 96 Suppl.) 8 The union has also been heavily involved in the development of medical services..at student-friendly costs. 2001 R. Kenna (ed. 2) 49/2 The Tap, directly opposite University Avenue, is student-friendly and the lounge houses a pool table and big screen TV. 2009 24 July 24/5 The SCM bibliographies are shorter, but perhaps more student-friendly, than the Oxford Dictionary's. 1965 June 59/2 That student ghetto along the southern edge of Paris. 1968 18 Apr. (Service to City & Nation Special Rep.) 4/2 The once fashionable suburb of Jesmond, immediately to the north east of the university, has been described, somewhat harshly, as a student ghetto. 1992 R. Anaya i. 4 He also ran drugs in the student ghetto. 2011 16 Oct. 43/2 In Austin, Judge works out of a one-story gray building on the southern edge of the University of Texas student ghetto. the mind > language > a language > [noun] > a foreign language > one who knows or is learning > in the civil service or post of 1855 Oct. 225 The allocation of funds, sufficient to send out thirteen student interpreters. 1872 (C. 532) LXX. 747 (title) Return of student interpreters in China, Japan, and Siam: 1847–72. 1922 16 601 The American consular service numbers some 700 members, all told, including all grades from consul general to student interpreter. 1993 19 Apr. 19 Garner had joined the consular service in China in 1932, serving as a so-called student interpreter (in effect, a language trainee) in Peking. the mind > language > a language > [noun] > a foreign language > one who knows or is learning > in the civil service or post of 1859 2 Mar. 2/3 A Mr. Fletcher had been appointed to a student interpretership in Japan. 1884 (title) Civil Service Commission. Open Competition for Student Interpreterships in China and Japan. 1921 E. M. Satow (2006) i. 1 Three nominations to student-interpreterships in China and Japan had been placed at the disposition of the Dean. 1992 35 116 He applied for a foreign office far eastern student interpretership. the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > [noun] > oil-lamp > argand lamp > types of or lamps used with 1822 T. Gill in 2 102 On the Cambridge Students' Lamp. 1867 Oct. 19 The simplest contrivance..is the German student's lamp, or an Argand-gas burner, where the luxury of gas is enjoyed. 1954 Feb. 50/2 The boy nodded and lighted a shaded student lamp. 1999 S. Ayanna v. 91 This is what was called a student lamp. society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > loan > other loans 1889 Feb. 59/1 Receipts... Rev. W. S. Potwin, for Student Loan Fund..$25 00. 1929 16 Feb. 224/2 Established in 1919 for charitable, educational and scientific purposes.., the Feild Cooperative Association, Inc. did not establish its Student Loan Fund until August, 1925. 1956 C. A. Quattelbaum ix. 186 The granting of student loans, by the university direct or in cooperation with the cantons and private organizations. 1994 25 Aug. 53/2 The Department of Education began issuing direct student loans to be repaid on the basis of ‘income contingency’. 2002 25 May (Financial section) 1/3 My 21-year-old son has a student loan and he knows the best rates on the internet. 1859 22 Dec. The Southern Student Movement... Several Southern Senators..[advised] the students not to mix in politics. 1874 J. P. Lacroix iii. 26 It was a syllabus of all the better aspirations of the entire student movement. 1968 4 May 31/1 Left-wing activists were rising to leadership positions in the student movements of many west European countries. 1989 B. Ehrenreich iv. 168 The right had..[tried] to capture the resentments of..lower-middle-class Americans offended by the black insurgency and the student movement. 2012 W. J. Dobson (2013) v. 156 The protests in May and June 2007 announced..the student movement as a force in Venezuelan political life. society > authority > power > [noun] > power of the people > of specific groups 1862 21 Feb. 122/2 Several of the works displayed on this occasion give evidence of an advanced state of student-power in the Female School of Art. 1890 Dec. 773 To-day in Russia the student power is feared by the government. 1951 20 June 124/2 Student power has been immense, with two pernicious results. 1966 29 Dec. 6/2 The advocates of ‘student power’..convinced several thousand students to boycott classes. 1999 Mar. 5/4 I think it's brilliant that we have been able to make our views clear to Admin. I believe in using student power where it is needed. society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [noun] > school-teaching > types of 1861 W. Jenner p. vi The Lectures are dogmatical in tone, because they were addressed to students; and I believe dogmatism to be essential for successful student-teaching. 1902 9 370 Some research work is done, and it differentiates itself from normal school work in the omission of all academic branches and in the absence of student teaching in a model school. 1929 A. F. Myers & F. E. Harshman 17 Regulations relative to prerequisites for student-teaching. 2002 (Nexis) 25 Apr. (Final ed.) (Howard Extra section) t12 In a teacher-poor state such as Maryland, even beginners with only student-teaching experience are eagerly sought. society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > club > types of club 1843 Feb. 18 Among the younger and more active members of society it became the celebrated Burschenschaft or Student-Union. 1891 315 The scheme for instituting a Students' Union in the University of St. Andrews. 1892 26 May 8 A reception given by the Glasgow University Liberal Unionist Club at the Students' Union. 1967 M. Kenyon i. 12 The student union cafeteria always had..fried, boiled or scrambled eggs. 1977 P. Johnson xii. 171 It was Margaret Thatcher..who, in the winter of 1970–1, changed the wording of the official regulations to allow public money to be handed over to the Student Unions. 1982 A. Taylor iii. 30 The forthcoming motion the Students' Union were planning..deploring violence. 2004 P. Reizin iv. 114 I thought back to my circle in the last year of college... The assorted drugsters and wasters who I used to hang around with in the student union coffee bar. 1923 6 Mar. 20/8 American students have frequently asked at foreign consulates for reduced or free student visas. 1977 (Nexis) 16 Sept. (Metro section) c8 After the war, Dr. Lagerwerff came to this country on a student visa under a Coolidge Foundation Fellowship. 2006 R. Gunesekera (2007) 101 He..enrolled on an Accountancy and Finance diploma at a private college. Just enough to persuade the immigration officer..to renew his student visa for another year. Derivatives society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > condition of 1836 xxxiii. 360 The overbearing eccentricity permitted by the laws of German studenthood. 1976 18 Nov. 18 My old passport had seen 10 years of service, much of it..during the years of studenthood. 2002 22 July 29/4 He was only 21 when he was plucked from studenthood by Marie Curie to join her Institut du Radium as a laboratory assistant. society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > condition of 1833 16 Aug. 101/2 He was a grand specimen of German studentism. 1848 64 530 Burghers and merchants..who, since the days of their studentism, had fattened on tobacco and beer. 1943 D. Friend Oct. (2001) 343 The first mature oil painting I did, on emerging from the cocoon of studentism was a variation on this subject. 2006 L. Seabrooke Pref. p. xiii My deepest gratitude goes to my parents, Len and Betty..who have encouraged me through my eternal studentism. 1862 Feb. 74/1 Other denominations are not studentless in consequence of the more extended theological training to which they subject aspirants to the ministry. 1899 J. C. Smith vi. 129 St. Leonard's College..in the first year was studentless. 1973 5 Apr. 41/1 The Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton..is an American All Souls—a placid, studentless ivory tower whose faculty members spend their time immersed in research, writing and thinking. 2012 B. A. Menke ix. 75 We reveled in the fact that we were kidless or studentless and completely free to have a martini or a whatever! 1573 J. Bridges 341 This argument is more Heathenish than christianlike..or student like either, but good inoughe for the popish Clergie to grounde them selues vppon. 1683 A. Marsh viii. 155 It is yet fresh in her memory, that when her Brother studied at Oxford..what complaints there come of his student-like manner of living. 1870 J. Ruskin v. 135 Not one [drawing] is weak or studentlike—all are evidently master's work. 1905 W. H. Hunt I. 49 Mulready was most painstaking and student-like. 2003 R. C. Salomone v. 104 A cultural expectation of antiacademic behavior among males and studentlike behavior among females. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Studentn.2Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Student. Etymology: < Student, the pseudonym of William Sealy Gossett (1876–1937), English brewery employee and statistician, who introduced the method in 1908 ( Biometrika 6 1–25).This method was popularized by R. A. Fisher, who used t as an arbitrary symbol in the source cited in quot. 1925 for Student's t-distribution n. at sense 1; compare t test n. and see discussion at that entry. Statistics. the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > distribution the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > significance > test for 1925 R. A. Fisher in 5 94 ‘Student's’ distribution affords the solution of a variety of problems beyond that for which it was originally prepared. 1937 G. U. Yule & M. C. Kendall (ed. 11) xxiii. 440 We proceed to give one or two examples of the way in which the ‘Student’ distribution is generally used to test the significance of various results obtained from small samples. 1968 P. A. P. Moran vii. 326 Since t is scale-invariant its distribution is independent of σ, and is known as ‘Student's t -distribution with n − 1 degrees of freedom’. 1982 37 851 The test statistic..should follow a student t-distribution with n − 1 degrees of freedom. 2009 24 512 For testing the hypothesis, we follow conventional Student's t -distribution. the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > significance > test for 1933 1 235 The ‘Student’ t test is the appropriate one for testing the hypothesis..that the means of these populations are the same. 1952 5 Apr. 736/1 Application of ‘Student's’ t test shows that only in the second stage of labour..is there a statistically significant difference..between the control group mean..and the experimental group mean. 1995 B. Calderoni et al. in F. M. Mazzolani & V. Gioncu i. ix. 112 The Student's test compares the two series of data by means of the significance of the difference between the averages of the two series. 2010 C. Ireland vi. 80 The numerical difference that is required for significance to be detectable by a Student's t -test becomes larger as the samples become smaller. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1a1398 n.21925 |
