单词 | subordinate |
释义 | subordinateadj.n.adv. A. adj. 1. Dependent upon, subservient to, or secondary to some other (chief or principal) thing. Frequently with to. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [adjective] > subservient subordinatec1449 subservient1604 subserving1621 c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 51 (MED) It is impossible the oon of tho craftis forto entre and entermete with the trouthis of the othere, thouȝ oon man can wirche in hem bothe, for thanne tho ij craftis weren not ij dyuerse craftis not subordynat. 1577 W. Fulke Two Treat. against Papistes ii. ii. xv. 434 All other ordinary meanes and healpes..are subordinate and seruing to this search and tryall. 1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike i. iv. f. 25v Subordinate is that which is not for it selfe desired, but referred to the chief end. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. iii. ii. 122 Although this Phantasie of ours be a subordinate faculty to reason. 1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica i. xviii. 69 A Subordinate End is that which is referred to some farther End. 1730 M. Wright Introd. Law Tenures (new ed.) 159 The many subordinate Tenures and Manors subsisting at this Day. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. Introd. 98 As to Ireland, that is still a distinct kingdom; though a dependent, subordinate kingdom. a1831 J. Stoddart Gram. in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) I. 18/2 Various aggregations of sentences in which the subordinate assertions are assumed by the mind in the manner already shown. 1890 C. E. Norton in J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. p vii His [sc. Ruskin's] literary ambitions have been subordinate to his wish to do good. 1934 Jrnl. Philos. 31 159 I should like to urge the alternativeness of these methods; I mean that one is not subordinate to, nor in any way connected with, the other. 1973 E. Hatch Theories of Man & Culture iii. 84 Benedict was tacitly proposing that reason is subordinate and in a sense epiphenomenal to emotion. 1995 R. Gillespie in D. J. Whittaker Terrorism Reader (2002) viii. 116 These attacks were subordinate to an overall politico-military strategy. 2. a. Belonging to a lower rank, grade, class, or order, and hence governed by or under the authority of one that is higher. Frequently with to. (a) Of a person or group of people. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > [adjective] underheilda1300 underlouta1300 underling?1370 subjecta1382 obeisantc1390 obedienta1398 subditc1430 subordinatec1485 subjugal?c1500 liablec1571 subaltern1581 regardant1583 obnoxious1591 vassal1594 servient1606 subservient1638 succumbent1647 ancillary1667 secondary1667 supposite1677 discretional1776 obedientiary1794 heteronomousa1871 satellite1882 society > authority > office > holder of office > [adjective] > subordinate secondary1450 subordinatec1485 puny1579 sublunary1624 puisne1705 junior1766 c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 62 Quhen the principale lord..cummys, all jurisdictioun of jugis subordynate cessis. 1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. 301 These Archbishops are but vnder and as it were subordinate Archbishops. 1585 R. Parsons Christian Directorie i. ii. 43 A great, huge & maine armie of souldiars..deuided into Rancks, Squadrons, Companies, & offices; subordinate th'one to th'other by degrees. 1624 J. Fisher in Bp. F. White Replie Fishers Answere 337 To make Saints Mediators subordinate vnto, and dependent of Christ, is to encrease his glorie. 1693 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. (ed. 2) iv. xxxix. §14 This defence extends to all Judges Supream and Subordinat. 1742 tr. C. Rollin Rom. Hist. VII. xxiii. 179 A Prætor could not aspire to this advantage, when the Consul, to whom he was subordinate,..was present in the action. 1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World II. 143 The subordinate officer must receive the commands of his superior. 1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. xv. 344 An act of deference..paid by inferior and subordinate princes to the patrons whom they depend upon. 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. x. 238 Elizabeth and her advisers attempted to render Parliament subordinate to the Privy Council. 1944 New Statesman 7 Oct. 233/1 General Eisenhower is going to present his subordinate commanders and staffs with some knotty problems. 1995 B. A. Belbot in M. B. Blankenship Understanding Corporate Criminality viii. 224 Managers, supervisors, and subordinate employees. (b) Of power, position, command, or employment. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > [adjective] > of position, etc.: subordinate subordinatec1485 c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Knychthede (1993) Prol. 1 Sa suld knychtis haue dominacioun and seignourye subordinate of the princis and lordis behalue. 1585 T. Bilson True Difference Christian Subiection iii. 360 The ciuil [power] (which in deede is the inferiour) subordinate, and in some cases subiect to the ecclesiasticall. 1593 T. Bell Motives Romish Faith Pref. sig. ¶¶1 Royall power is so subordinate to poperie, or papacie: as is the Moone vnto the Sunne. a1642 R. Callis Reading of Statute of Sewers (1647) v. 231 An Ordinance is a subordinate direction, proceeding out of a more general power. 1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. i. xiii. 276 The Jurisdiction of all Barrons..was..subordinat to the Sheriffs. 1765 A. Maclaine tr. J. L. von Mosheim Eccl. Hist. Cent. iv. i. v. §10 [The Son] the instrument by whose subordinate operation the Almighty Father formed the universe. 1862 G. C. Lewis Let. 26 Apr. (1870) 413 In his subordinate official position. 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. iv. 68 His power is..not subordinate. 1921 R. B. Mowat New Hist. Great Brit. II. xxi. 446 After showing his sound qualities in subordinate office, he [sc. Robert Walpole] was made Secretary-at-War in 1708. 1983 J. Rossiner August v. 81 George had to content himself with a subordinate position and a salary barely higher than the one he had earned before. 2006 D. R. Worley Shaping U.S. Mil. Forces viii. 235 Each of the services provides a component command subordinate to the unified command. b. Of a thing: belonging to a lower order or category within a particular series or system of classification. Chiefly in technical use. ΚΠ c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 71 The hevynnis be thair jnstrumentis subordinatis sendis thair..jnfluencis jn the materis yat thir erdly thingis ar compound of. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie ii. vi. 58 A Couple-close is a subordinate charge deriued from a Cheuron. 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 6 Of Both which kinds [of insects] there are many subordinate Genera. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Subordination In the Sciences, Trigonometry is subordinate to Geometry; and in the Virtues, Abstinence and Chastity are subordinate to Temperance. 1773 Encycl. Brit. I. 232/1 Besides these capital diaphragmatic arteries, there are others of a subordinate class. 1807 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 17 575 It was to that branch of it which bears the name of Therapeutics, that all the others were to have been subordinate. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic iv. 87 The other [Concept], having less Extension, or denoting fewer Individuals, is called Inferior, Lower, Narrower, or Subordinate. 1935 Philos. Sci. 2 101 As an example of misrelated subordinate subjects [in the Dewey Decimal System] space permits only one among hundreds. 1999 I. Kostov & R. I. Kostov Crystal Habits Minerals iii. 51 In the International Tables, cones, bicones, and cylinders are distributed among the point groups of the cylindrical system, cylinders and circles considered general forms.., with prisms subordinate. 3. Characterized by subjection or obedience; submissive. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > [adjective] tholemodec1000 bowinga1340 subjectc1384 enclinant1400 yoldena1413 subjective1417 prostratec1425 obtemperate?a1475 subjected1550 subject-like1553 submiss1570 submissive1572 yielding1578 obnoxious1591 subordinate1594 subjectly1596 yieldable1603 dejective1611 passive1616 awebound1631 succumbent1647 resigning1648 complaisant1676 ovine1676 1594 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 266 My direction was in all thinges to be subordinate to him yt should be Superior here of our Societye. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. iii. i. 611 All his cares, actions, all his thoughts, are subordinate to her will and command. 1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 716 The mind was well inform'd, the passions held Subordinate. 1853 C. Brontë Villette I. xvi. 303 Madame herself..was forced to succumb, and be subordinate to her despotic kinsman's direction. 1908 H. H. Richardson Maurice Guest (1909) ii. viii. 294 She obeyed him blindly,..glad to be subordinate to his will. 4. Of lesser importance; not principal or predominant; secondary, minor. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective] > subordinate collateralc1374 subalternate?a1425 subalternal1483 subaltern1578 subordinate1620 subordinatinga1635 subordinated1640 subalternated1659 subordinant1678 second line1797 subdominant1826 the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [adjective] > low or subordinate wokec897 lessOE lesserc1225 secondary1386 lowerc1390 subalternate?a1425 subsidiary1603 pedaneous1617 subordinate1620 undergraduate1655 subdominant1826 unlofty1869 lower case1917 1620 J. Rogers Disc. Christian Watchfulnesse 148 A Christians care should be how to die well out of this world, and that master-care carrieth about all the inferiour and subordinate cares and affaires of this life. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Northampt. 288 Not to speak of his moral qualifications, and subordinate abilities. 1757 D. Hume Of Trag. in Four Diss. 193 Instances, where the subordinate movement is converted into the predominant. 1786 T. Jefferson Let. 26 Sept. in Writings (1853) II. 26 My expectations from it were of a subordinate nature only. 1809 S. Smith in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 26 A very great proportion of all the curacies in England are filled with men to whom the emolument is a matter of subordinate importance. 1854 R. I. Murchison Siluria ii. 31 Containing the best roofing slates in the world, and subordinate courses of greywacke grit. 1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. iv. 139 His haughty spirit could not be pleased by the subordinate part which he was compelled to play. 1905 J. Geikie Struct. & Field Geol. ix. 138 When a broad zone has bulged up under lateral pressure..we have..one great arch composed of numerous subordinate wrinkles or minor folds and flexures. 1998 N. G. Adams et al. Learning to Teach p. xiii/1 Where there are dominant social groups there are also subordinate social groups. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective] > lower in position netherOE nethermorea1382 downwarda1400 inferial?a1475 inferior?a1475 subject?a1475 lower1611 subordinate1648 female1652 lowermore1663 the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective] > situated or placed under underlaida1100 subjected?a1425 suppositivec1475 subject?1541 subjacent1598 subterjacent1598 underlying1611 subjunct1639 supposite1640 suppedaneous1646 subordinate1648 subdititious1657 substrated1663 succumbent1664 subtended1670 substrate1678 subadjacent1722 supposed1766 subtending1777 substrative1823 underset1845 infraposed1854 substant1883 underneath1894 underlappingc1900 1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. vii. 51 These Pulleys may be multiplyed according to sundry different situations, not onely when they are subordinate,..but also when they are placed collaterally. B. n. 1. A person who is subordinate to another in rank, position, or power; one working under another's control or orders. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > [noun] > one subject to authority underlingc1175 subjectc1330 underloutc1340 undermana1400 ledec1400 undererc1449 subjectary?c1500 footstool1531 suppost1547 ditionary1555 justiciable1595 governeda1599 subsistent1598 subordinate1603 subservient1643 sub1653 subjugate1773 under-sawyer1864 directee1928 1603 S. Harsnett Declar. Popish Impostures ii. 6 The breastes of all theyr subordinates, and dependants heere in the Land. 1640 G. Sandys tr. H. Grotius Christs Passion 46 And so deny That Princes by Subordinates should die. 1751 Ladies Diary 32 His Holinesses pretended Power from Heaven of pardoning Sins, is of the same Authority with that delegated by him to his Subordinates. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 218 What the jurisdiction of bishops over their subordinates is to be. View more context for this quotation 1856 N. Brit. Rev. 26 185 All the heads of departments, civil and military, with a large proportion of their subordinates. 1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner x. 100 Ready to prompt or assist, as behoved a merely mechanical subordinate. 1937 H. G. Wells Star Begotten vii. 128 All his most trusted henchmen, tools, stooges, subordinates, intimates, Watsons, yes-girls. 1963 D. Ogilvy Confessions Advertising Man (1964) i. 15 I despise toadies who suck up to their bosses; they are generally the same people who bully their subordinates. 2009 M. Haas George W Bush, War Criminal? iv. 133 Her immediate subordinate at Abu Ghraib..was cleared of any responsibility by a court-martial. 2. Something which is subordinate; a subordinate thing, matter, etc. Chiefly in technical use. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [noun] > subservient adjective1597 subordinate1638 subservient1643 sideshow1846 1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 206 Subordinates to Nitre are All those Things, which yeeld an Odour, some what Earthy. 1796 New Ann. Reg. 1795 Class. & Polite Crit. 142/2 Mountains themselves, with no better form, and entirely naked, have, as principals, an effect which their subordinates are unable to produce. 1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 176/1 The subordinates of modality are possibility, existence, and necessity. 1846 G. S. Faber Lett. Tractarian Secession Popery 248 Though there may be occasional disagreement in subordinates, there is a very singular and a very striking agreement in primaries. 1924 O. Jespersen Philos. Gram. vii. 96 There is one word of supreme importance to which the others are joined as subordinates. 1993 Appl. Linguistics 14 198 The first edition of the OED contained three major types of words: main words, subordinates, and combinations. C. adv. Now rare. In such a manner as to be submissive or subordinate to someone or something. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > [adverb] > in subjection underhanda1000 underfootc1175 undera1400 under hatchesc1400 at underc1425 subordinate1617 1617 S. Collins Epphata to F. T. i. i. 63 They are to doe these things indeed, but at the Clergies becke, and subordinate to them. 1642 Lanc. Tracts Civil War (Chetham Soc.) 73 We owe (subordinate to God) a great deal to Sir Iohn Seaton. 1737 Gentleman's Mag. May 277/1 To inform and guide the People by it [sc. church authority], subordinate to holy Scripture. 1807 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 17 396 Subordinate to this will be given biographical notices of Authors. 1910 Indiana Univ. Bull. 22 The state..fosters that due degree of individualism which is implied in the right of every human being to have opportunity to rise in whatever directions his peculiar abilities entitle him to go, subordinate to the welfare of the state. Compounds subordinate clause n. Grammar a clause that is dependent on a main clause in a sentence and is typically introduced by a conjunction or relative pronoun. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > clause > other specific types of clause clausulec1449 protasis1588 illative1604 apodosisa1638 incident proposition1725 subordinate clause1809 subclause1823 adjective clause1834 subject clause1840 nominative absolute1843 that-clause1845 head clause1915 contact-clause1927 content clause1927 wh-clause1957 1809 A. Crombie Treat. Etymol. & Syntax (ed. 2) iii. ii. 379 These form the subjects of the two subordinate clauses. 1857 J. W. Gibbs Philol. Stud. 117 The more ancient languages had participials, where the more modern have subordinate clauses. 1915 J. W. Jones Study of Eng. II. 37 ‘You will learn all other subjects more easily’ is the Principal Sentence, and ‘If you are strong in language’ is the Subordinate Clause modifying ‘will learn’. 1977 Listener 10 Nov. 624/4 Lots of subordinate clauses can make life very difficult for the reader-aloud. 2010 J. Casagrande It was Best of Sentences, it was Worst of Sentences 170 A sentence that contains at least one subordinate clause is called a complex sentence. subordinate legislation n. Law legislation made under powers conferred by other legislation. ΘΚΠ society > law > system of laws > [noun] > subordinate subordinate legislation1764 1764 J. Otis Rights Brit. Colonies 65 The colonies are subordinate dominions and are now in such a state..that they should not only be continued in the enjoyment of subordinate legislation, but be also represented in some proportion to their number and estates, in the grand legislature of the nation. 1841 G. C. Lewis On Govt. of Dependencies 52 A power of subordinate legislation is sometimes direct;..the laws made in virtue of it are issued avowedly..by the subordinate legislature. 1975 J. P. Morgan House of Lords & Labour Govt. ii. 63 An equally important function is their work on subordinate legislation, a subject that requires a section to itself. 2009 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 28 Apr. 7 Much law emanating from EU institutions comes into UK law..using Statutory Instruments... This is referred to as secondary, delegated or subordinate legislation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † subordinatev.1 Obsolete. rare. transitive. = suborn v. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [verb (transitive)] > bribe > to give false evidence procure1433 subornate1537 suborn1538 subordinate1583 1583 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (ed. 4) I. vi. 727 The mischievous protectour aspiring still to the crowne, to set his deuises forward, first through giftes and fayre promises, dyd subordinate [1570 subornate] Doctor Shaw a famous preacher then in London, at Paules Crosse to insinuate to the people, that neyther king Edward with his sonnes, nor the Duke of Clarence were lawfully begotten. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2021). subordinatev.2 1. transitive. With to, †unto. To make (a person or thing) subordinate to, subservient to, or dependent upon another. Also (without construction): to bring into subjection, to make submissive. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > make subordinate or subservient abeyOE subjugate1566 subordinate1597 subordain1598 asservile1619 subserviatea1676 subalternize1851 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxvi. 227 That what he worketh might..be effected by..instruments duely subordinated vnto the power of his owne spirit. a1600 R. Hooker Disc. Justif. (1612) §30 Things..subordinated vnto Christ, by Christ himselfe. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xii. 589/1 Subordinating the Maior and Citizens to his gouernement. 1700 P. Rycaut Hist. Turks III. 194 Under him six Agas were subordinated. a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) VII. 23 The stars fight in their courses under his banner, and subordinate their powers to the dictates of his will. 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes vi. 316 He to whose will our wills are to be subordinated. 1869 A. J. Evans Vashti xxviii. 392 One whose every scheme shall be subordinated to your wishes, your happiness. 1941 D. M. Wolfe Milton in Puritan Revol. viii. 231 The Rumpers were as determined as ever to subordinate military to civil authority. 1989 R. MacNeil Wordstruck iii. 86 My father was of that last generation of Canadians who felt comfortable as children of the Empire, their Canadian identity subordinated to a higher loyalty. 2009 R. Sakwa Quality of Freedom iii. 95 Putin did not at first set out to subordinate the business elite. 2. transitive (frequently in passive). In weakened use: to make secondary; to regard (a person or thing) as less important or valuable (in relation to another). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [verb (transitive)] > place after in order of estimation or importance postponea1522 postpose1598 subordinate1620 posthabit1646 postposit1661 1620 G. Downame Christian Arte of Thriuing 28 Those who chiefly affect the world, doe subordinate the profession of Religion, and the care of keeping a good conscience to worldly desires. 1646 H. More Cupids Conflict 10 in Democritus Platonissans That Kestrell kind Of bastard scholars that subordinate The precious choice induements of the mind To wealth. 1791 European Mag. Jan. 7/1 His egotism tainted his politics, and..subordinated to personality his better knowledge and understanding. 1825 S. T. Coleridge Aids Refl. 25 The teacher, who subordinates prudence to virtue, cannot be supposed to dispense with it. 1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. xiii. 377 In the burgh Schools in which music..was not subordinated to the other subjects of instruction. 1930 Econ. Hist. Rev. 2 216 It is easy to look at the life of a people as the theatre on which everything is subordinated to the central excitement of this economic scramble. 1983 M. Edwardes Back from Brink iv. 52 Their only concern was that the company should survive and any personal or personality issues or misgivings were subordinated to the task. 2007 R. Ennals From Slavery to Citizenship vi. 216 The rhetoric of democracy coexisted with the reality of slavery. Human rights were subordinated to property rights. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [verb (transitive)] > arrange arches subordinatea1878 a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 224 This suggested the system of sub-ordinating the rims, or recessing them. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.adv.c1449v.11583v.21597 |
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