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单词 subordinate
释义

subordinateadj.n.adv.

Brit. /səˈbɔːdᵻnət/, /səˈbɔːdn̩ət/, U.S. /səˈbɔrdn̩ət/
Forms: Middle English subordynat, 1500s– subordinate; Scottish pre-1700 subordinat, pre-1700 subordynate, pre-1700 1700s– subordinate.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin subordinatus, subordinare.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin subordinatus, past participle (used as adjective, from 14th cent. in British sources) of subordinare subordinate v.2 Compare Spanish subordinado (c1550 as adjective, 1589 as noun), Italian subordinato (a1406 as adjective, a1742 as noun). Compare also French subordonné (1610 as adjective, 1736 as noun; uses as adjective and noun of the past participle of subordonner subordinate v.2).
A. adj.
1. Dependent upon, subservient to, or secondary to some other (chief or principal) thing. Frequently with to.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [adjective] > subservient
subordinatec1449
subservient1604
subserving1621
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 51 (MED) It is impossible the oon of tho craftis forto entre and entermete with the trouthis of the othere, thouȝ oon man can wirche in hem bothe, for thanne tho ij craftis weren not ij dyuerse craftis not subordynat.
1577 W. Fulke Two Treat. against Papistes ii. ii. xv. 434 All other ordinary meanes and healpes..are subordinate and seruing to this search and tryall.
1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike i. iv. f. 25v Subordinate is that which is not for it selfe desired, but referred to the chief end.
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. iii. ii. 122 Although this Phantasie of ours be a subordinate faculty to reason.
1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica i. xviii. 69 A Subordinate End is that which is referred to some farther End.
1730 M. Wright Introd. Law Tenures (new ed.) 159 The many subordinate Tenures and Manors subsisting at this Day.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. Introd. 98 As to Ireland, that is still a distinct kingdom; though a dependent, subordinate kingdom.
a1831 J. Stoddart Gram. in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) I. 18/2 Various aggregations of sentences in which the subordinate assertions are assumed by the mind in the manner already shown.
1890 C. E. Norton in J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. p vii His [sc. Ruskin's] literary ambitions have been subordinate to his wish to do good.
1934 Jrnl. Philos. 31 159 I should like to urge the alternativeness of these methods; I mean that one is not subordinate to, nor in any way connected with, the other.
1973 E. Hatch Theories of Man & Culture iii. 84 Benedict was tacitly proposing that reason is subordinate and in a sense epiphenomenal to emotion.
1995 R. Gillespie in D. J. Whittaker Terrorism Reader (2002) viii. 116 These attacks were subordinate to an overall politico-military strategy.
2.
a. Belonging to a lower rank, grade, class, or order, and hence governed by or under the authority of one that is higher. Frequently with to.
(a) Of a person or group of people.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > [adjective]
underheilda1300
underlouta1300
underling?1370
subjecta1382
obeisantc1390
obedienta1398
subditc1430
subordinatec1485
subjugal?c1500
liablec1571
subaltern1581
regardant1583
obnoxious1591
vassal1594
servient1606
subservient1638
succumbent1647
ancillary1667
secondary1667
supposite1677
discretional1776
obedientiary1794
heteronomousa1871
satellite1882
society > authority > office > holder of office > [adjective] > subordinate
secondary1450
subordinatec1485
puny1579
sublunary1624
puisne1705
junior1766
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 62 Quhen the principale lord..cummys, all jurisdictioun of jugis subordynate cessis.
1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. 301 These Archbishops are but vnder and as it were subordinate Archbishops.
1585 R. Parsons Christian Directorie i. ii. 43 A great, huge & maine armie of souldiars..deuided into Rancks, Squadrons, Companies, & offices; subordinate th'one to th'other by degrees.
1624 J. Fisher in Bp. F. White Replie Fishers Answere 337 To make Saints Mediators subordinate vnto, and dependent of Christ, is to encrease his glorie.
1693 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. (ed. 2) iv. xxxix. §14 This defence extends to all Judges Supream and Subordinat.
1742 tr. C. Rollin Rom. Hist. VII. xxiii. 179 A Prætor could not aspire to this advantage, when the Consul, to whom he was subordinate,..was present in the action.
1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World II. 143 The subordinate officer must receive the commands of his superior.
1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. xv. 344 An act of deference..paid by inferior and subordinate princes to the patrons whom they depend upon.
1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. x. 238 Elizabeth and her advisers attempted to render Parliament subordinate to the Privy Council.
1944 New Statesman 7 Oct. 233/1 General Eisenhower is going to present his subordinate commanders and staffs with some knotty problems.
1995 B. A. Belbot in M. B. Blankenship Understanding Corporate Criminality viii. 224 Managers, supervisors, and subordinate employees.
(b) Of power, position, command, or employment.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > [adjective] > of position, etc.: subordinate
subordinatec1485
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Knychthede (1993) Prol. 1 Sa suld knychtis haue dominacioun and seignourye subordinate of the princis and lordis behalue.
1585 T. Bilson True Difference Christian Subiection iii. 360 The ciuil [power] (which in deede is the inferiour) subordinate, and in some cases subiect to the ecclesiasticall.
1593 T. Bell Motives Romish Faith Pref. sig. ¶¶1 Royall power is so subordinate to poperie, or papacie: as is the Moone vnto the Sunne.
a1642 R. Callis Reading of Statute of Sewers (1647) v. 231 An Ordinance is a subordinate direction, proceeding out of a more general power.
1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. i. xiii. 276 The Jurisdiction of all Barrons..was..subordinat to the Sheriffs.
1765 A. Maclaine tr. J. L. von Mosheim Eccl. Hist. Cent. iv. i. v. §10 [The Son] the instrument by whose subordinate operation the Almighty Father formed the universe.
1862 G. C. Lewis Let. 26 Apr. (1870) 413 In his subordinate official position.
1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. iv. 68 His power is..not subordinate.
1921 R. B. Mowat New Hist. Great Brit. II. xxi. 446 After showing his sound qualities in subordinate office, he [sc. Robert Walpole] was made Secretary-at-War in 1708.
1983 J. Rossiner August v. 81 George had to content himself with a subordinate position and a salary barely higher than the one he had earned before.
2006 D. R. Worley Shaping U.S. Mil. Forces viii. 235 Each of the services provides a component command subordinate to the unified command.
b. Of a thing: belonging to a lower order or category within a particular series or system of classification. Chiefly in technical use.
ΚΠ
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 71 The hevynnis be thair jnstrumentis subordinatis sendis thair..jnfluencis jn the materis yat thir erdly thingis ar compound of.
1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie ii. vi. 58 A Couple-close is a subordinate charge deriued from a Cheuron.
1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 6 Of Both which kinds [of insects] there are many subordinate Genera.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Subordination In the Sciences, Trigonometry is subordinate to Geometry; and in the Virtues, Abstinence and Chastity are subordinate to Temperance.
1773 Encycl. Brit. I. 232/1 Besides these capital diaphragmatic arteries, there are others of a subordinate class.
1807 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 17 575 It was to that branch of it which bears the name of Therapeutics, that all the others were to have been subordinate.
1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic iv. 87 The other [Concept], having less Extension, or denoting fewer Individuals, is called Inferior, Lower, Narrower, or Subordinate.
1935 Philos. Sci. 2 101 As an example of misrelated subordinate subjects [in the Dewey Decimal System] space permits only one among hundreds.
1999 I. Kostov & R. I. Kostov Crystal Habits Minerals iii. 51 In the International Tables, cones, bicones, and cylinders are distributed among the point groups of the cylindrical system, cylinders and circles considered general forms.., with prisms subordinate.
3. Characterized by subjection or obedience; submissive. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > [adjective]
tholemodec1000
bowinga1340
subjectc1384
enclinant1400
yoldena1413
subjective1417
prostratec1425
obtemperate?a1475
subjected1550
subject-like1553
submiss1570
submissive1572
yielding1578
obnoxious1591
subordinate1594
subjectly1596
yieldable1603
dejective1611
passive1616
awebound1631
succumbent1647
resigning1648
complaisant1676
ovine1676
1594 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 266 My direction was in all thinges to be subordinate to him yt should be Superior here of our Societye.
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. iii. i. 611 All his cares, actions, all his thoughts, are subordinate to her will and command.
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 716 The mind was well inform'd, the passions held Subordinate.
1853 C. Brontë Villette I. xvi. 303 Madame herself..was forced to succumb, and be subordinate to her despotic kinsman's direction.
1908 H. H. Richardson Maurice Guest (1909) ii. viii. 294 She obeyed him blindly,..glad to be subordinate to his will.
4. Of lesser importance; not principal or predominant; secondary, minor.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective] > subordinate
collateralc1374
subalternate?a1425
subalternal1483
subaltern1578
subordinate1620
subordinatinga1635
subordinated1640
subalternated1659
subordinant1678
second line1797
subdominant1826
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [adjective] > low or subordinate
wokec897
lessOE
lesserc1225
secondary1386
lowerc1390
subalternate?a1425
subsidiary1603
pedaneous1617
subordinate1620
undergraduate1655
subdominant1826
unlofty1869
lower case1917
1620 J. Rogers Disc. Christian Watchfulnesse 148 A Christians care should be how to die well out of this world, and that master-care carrieth about all the inferiour and subordinate cares and affaires of this life.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Northampt. 288 Not to speak of his moral qualifications, and subordinate abilities.
1757 D. Hume Of Trag. in Four Diss. 193 Instances, where the subordinate movement is converted into the predominant.
1786 T. Jefferson Let. 26 Sept. in Writings (1853) II. 26 My expectations from it were of a subordinate nature only.
1809 S. Smith in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 26 A very great proportion of all the curacies in England are filled with men to whom the emolument is a matter of subordinate importance.
1854 R. I. Murchison Siluria ii. 31 Containing the best roofing slates in the world, and subordinate courses of greywacke grit.
1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. iv. 139 His haughty spirit could not be pleased by the subordinate part which he was compelled to play.
1905 J. Geikie Struct. & Field Geol. ix. 138 When a broad zone has bulged up under lateral pressure..we have..one great arch composed of numerous subordinate wrinkles or minor folds and flexures.
1998 N. G. Adams et al. Learning to Teach p. xiii/1 Where there are dominant social groups there are also subordinate social groups.
5. Occupying a lower position physically; underlying. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective] > lower in position
netherOE
nethermorea1382
downwarda1400
inferial?a1475
inferior?a1475
subject?a1475
lower1611
subordinate1648
female1652
lowermore1663
the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective] > situated or placed under
underlaida1100
subjected?a1425
suppositivec1475
subject?1541
subjacent1598
subterjacent1598
underlying1611
subjunct1639
supposite1640
suppedaneous1646
subordinate1648
subdititious1657
substrated1663
succumbent1664
subtended1670
substrate1678
subadjacent1722
supposed1766
subtending1777
substrative1823
underset1845
infraposed1854
substant1883
underneath1894
underlappingc1900
1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. vii. 51 These Pulleys may be multiplyed according to sundry different situations, not onely when they are subordinate,..but also when they are placed collaterally.
B. n.
1. A person who is subordinate to another in rank, position, or power; one working under another's control or orders.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > [noun] > one subject to authority
underlingc1175
subjectc1330
underloutc1340
undermana1400
ledec1400
undererc1449
subjectary?c1500
footstool1531
suppost1547
ditionary1555
justiciable1595
governeda1599
subsistent1598
subordinate1603
subservient1643
sub1653
subjugate1773
under-sawyer1864
directee1928
1603 S. Harsnett Declar. Popish Impostures ii. 6 The breastes of all theyr subordinates, and dependants heere in the Land.
1640 G. Sandys tr. H. Grotius Christs Passion 46 And so deny That Princes by Subordinates should die.
1751 Ladies Diary 32 His Holinesses pretended Power from Heaven of pardoning Sins, is of the same Authority with that delegated by him to his Subordinates.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 218 What the jurisdiction of bishops over their subordinates is to be. View more context for this quotation
1856 N. Brit. Rev. 26 185 All the heads of departments, civil and military, with a large proportion of their subordinates.
1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner x. 100 Ready to prompt or assist, as behoved a merely mechanical subordinate.
1937 H. G. Wells Star Begotten vii. 128 All his most trusted henchmen, tools, stooges, subordinates, intimates, Watsons, yes-girls.
1963 D. Ogilvy Confessions Advertising Man (1964) i. 15 I despise toadies who suck up to their bosses; they are generally the same people who bully their subordinates.
2009 M. Haas George W Bush, War Criminal? iv. 133 Her immediate subordinate at Abu Ghraib..was cleared of any responsibility by a court-martial.
2. Something which is subordinate; a subordinate thing, matter, etc. Chiefly in technical use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [noun] > subservient
adjective1597
subordinate1638
subservient1643
sideshow1846
1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 206 Subordinates to Nitre are All those Things, which yeeld an Odour, some what Earthy.
1796 New Ann. Reg. 1795 Class. & Polite Crit. 142/2 Mountains themselves, with no better form, and entirely naked, have, as principals, an effect which their subordinates are unable to produce.
1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 176/1 The subordinates of modality are possibility, existence, and necessity.
1846 G. S. Faber Lett. Tractarian Secession Popery 248 Though there may be occasional disagreement in subordinates, there is a very singular and a very striking agreement in primaries.
1924 O. Jespersen Philos. Gram. vii. 96 There is one word of supreme importance to which the others are joined as subordinates.
1993 Appl. Linguistics 14 198 The first edition of the OED contained three major types of words: main words, subordinates, and combinations.
C. adv. Now rare.
In such a manner as to be submissive or subordinate to someone or something.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > [adverb] > in subjection
underhanda1000
underfootc1175
undera1400
under hatchesc1400
at underc1425
subordinate1617
1617 S. Collins Epphata to F. T. i. i. 63 They are to doe these things indeed, but at the Clergies becke, and subordinate to them.
1642 Lanc. Tracts Civil War (Chetham Soc.) 73 We owe (subordinate to God) a great deal to Sir Iohn Seaton.
1737 Gentleman's Mag. May 277/1 To inform and guide the People by it [sc. church authority], subordinate to holy Scripture.
1807 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 17 396 Subordinate to this will be given biographical notices of Authors.
1910 Indiana Univ. Bull. 22 The state..fosters that due degree of individualism which is implied in the right of every human being to have opportunity to rise in whatever directions his peculiar abilities entitle him to go, subordinate to the welfare of the state.

Compounds

subordinate clause n. Grammar a clause that is dependent on a main clause in a sentence and is typically introduced by a conjunction or relative pronoun.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > clause > other specific types of clause
clausulec1449
protasis1588
illative1604
apodosisa1638
incident proposition1725
subordinate clause1809
subclause1823
adjective clause1834
subject clause1840
nominative absolute1843
that-clause1845
head clause1915
contact-clause1927
content clause1927
wh-clause1957
1809 A. Crombie Treat. Etymol. & Syntax (ed. 2) iii. ii. 379 These form the subjects of the two subordinate clauses.
1857 J. W. Gibbs Philol. Stud. 117 The more ancient languages had participials, where the more modern have subordinate clauses.
1915 J. W. Jones Study of Eng. II. 37 ‘You will learn all other subjects more easily’ is the Principal Sentence, and ‘If you are strong in language’ is the Subordinate Clause modifying ‘will learn’.
1977 Listener 10 Nov. 624/4 Lots of subordinate clauses can make life very difficult for the reader-aloud.
2010 J. Casagrande It was Best of Sentences, it was Worst of Sentences 170 A sentence that contains at least one subordinate clause is called a complex sentence.
subordinate legislation n. Law legislation made under powers conferred by other legislation.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > system of laws > [noun] > subordinate
subordinate legislation1764
1764 J. Otis Rights Brit. Colonies 65 The colonies are subordinate dominions and are now in such a state..that they should not only be continued in the enjoyment of subordinate legislation, but be also represented in some proportion to their number and estates, in the grand legislature of the nation.
1841 G. C. Lewis On Govt. of Dependencies 52 A power of subordinate legislation is sometimes direct;..the laws made in virtue of it are issued avowedly..by the subordinate legislature.
1975 J. P. Morgan House of Lords & Labour Govt. ii. 63 An equally important function is their work on subordinate legislation, a subject that requires a section to itself.
2009 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 28 Apr. 7 Much law emanating from EU institutions comes into UK law..using Statutory Instruments... This is referred to as secondary, delegated or subordinate legislation.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

subordinatev.1

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: subornate v.
Etymology: Alteration of subornate v. after subordinate adj. Compare later subordinate v.2, and also later subordination n.2
Obsolete. rare.
transitive. = suborn v. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [verb (transitive)] > bribe > to give false evidence
procure1433
subornate1537
suborn1538
subordinate1583
1583 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (ed. 4) I. vi. 727 The mischievous protectour aspiring still to the crowne, to set his deuises forward, first through giftes and fayre promises, dyd subordinate [1570 subornate] Doctor Shaw a famous preacher then in London, at Paules Crosse to insinuate to the people, that neyther king Edward with his sonnes, nor the Duke of Clarence were lawfully begotten.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

subordinatev.2

Brit. /səˈbɔːdᵻneɪt/, U.S. /səˈbɔrdnˌeɪt/
Origin: A borrowing from Latin; probably modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: Latin subordinat-, subordinare.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin subordinat-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix3) of subordinare to assign to a lower (ecclesiastical) order (4th cent.) < classical Latin sub- sub- prefix + ordināre ordain v. Probably influenced semantically by Middle French, French subordonner to subordinate, make secondary, to make subject to or dependent on (c1460, earliest used reflexively in sense ‘to submit oneself to (another person)’; < sub- sub- prefix + ordonner ordain v.). Compare Middle French subordiner (1596 in an apparently isolated attestation), Catalan subordinar (1593), Spanish subordinar (c1550; a1440 as †subordenar ), Portuguese subordinar (1600 as †sobordenar ), Italian subordinare (a1613), and compare also Old Occitan sotordenar (13th cent.). Compare earlier subordinate adj. and subordination n.1, and slightly later subordain v.In sense 3 after subordination n.1 1e; compare later suborder n. 3.
1. transitive. With to, †unto. To make (a person or thing) subordinate to, subservient to, or dependent upon another. Also (without construction): to bring into subjection, to make submissive.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > make subordinate or subservient
abeyOE
subjugate1566
subordinate1597
subordain1598
asservile1619
subserviatea1676
subalternize1851
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxvi. 227 That what he worketh might..be effected by..instruments duely subordinated vnto the power of his owne spirit.
a1600 R. Hooker Disc. Justif. (1612) §30 Things..subordinated vnto Christ, by Christ himselfe.
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xii. 589/1 Subordinating the Maior and Citizens to his gouernement.
1700 P. Rycaut Hist. Turks III. 194 Under him six Agas were subordinated.
a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) VII. 23 The stars fight in their courses under his banner, and subordinate their powers to the dictates of his will.
1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes vi. 316 He to whose will our wills are to be subordinated.
1869 A. J. Evans Vashti xxviii. 392 One whose every scheme shall be subordinated to your wishes, your happiness.
1941 D. M. Wolfe Milton in Puritan Revol. viii. 231 The Rumpers were as determined as ever to subordinate military to civil authority.
1989 R. MacNeil Wordstruck iii. 86 My father was of that last generation of Canadians who felt comfortable as children of the Empire, their Canadian identity subordinated to a higher loyalty.
2009 R. Sakwa Quality of Freedom iii. 95 Putin did not at first set out to subordinate the business elite.
2. transitive (frequently in passive). In weakened use: to make secondary; to regard (a person or thing) as less important or valuable (in relation to another).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [verb (transitive)] > place after in order of estimation or importance
postponea1522
postpose1598
subordinate1620
posthabit1646
postposit1661
1620 G. Downame Christian Arte of Thriuing 28 Those who chiefly affect the world, doe subordinate the profession of Religion, and the care of keeping a good conscience to worldly desires.
1646 H. More Cupids Conflict 10 in Democritus Platonissans That Kestrell kind Of bastard scholars that subordinate The precious choice induements of the mind To wealth.
1791 European Mag. Jan. 7/1 His egotism tainted his politics, and..subordinated to personality his better knowledge and understanding.
1825 S. T. Coleridge Aids Refl. 25 The teacher, who subordinates prudence to virtue, cannot be supposed to dispense with it.
1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. xiii. 377 In the burgh Schools in which music..was not subordinated to the other subjects of instruction.
1930 Econ. Hist. Rev. 2 216 It is easy to look at the life of a people as the theatre on which everything is subordinated to the central excitement of this economic scramble.
1983 M. Edwardes Back from Brink iv. 52 Their only concern was that the company should survive and any personal or personality issues or misgivings were subordinated to the task.
2007 R. Ennals From Slavery to Citizenship vi. 216 The rhetoric of democracy coexisted with the reality of slavery. Human rights were subordinated to property rights.
3. transitive. Architecture. To arrange (an arch) as a suborder (suborder n. 3). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [verb (transitive)] > arrange arches
subordinatea1878
a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 224 This suggested the system of sub-ordinating the rims, or recessing them.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.adv.c1449v.11583v.21597
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