subordinationn.¹

Brit.

/səˌbɔːdᵻˈneɪʃn/, U.S.

/səˌbɔrdnˈeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English subordinacioun, 1500s– subordination.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin subordination-, subordinatio.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin subordination-, subordinatio delegation (6th cent.), condition of being subordinate (although this is apparently first attested slightly later than in English: a1605) < subordinat- , past participial stem of subordinare subordinate v.² + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare French subordination (1610; 1872 in grammatical use).With sense 1e compare later suborder n. 3. In sense 2c after subordinate clause n. at subordinate adj., n., and adv. Compounds.

a. The arrangement (of people or things) into a series of successively dependent ranks, degrees, or categories. Also: †an instance of this, a graded series or system of classification (obsolete).

ΚΠ

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 393 How ellis myȝte..haue be ordeyned..of the laife suche statis in the chirch to be in subordinacioun of vndrers and ouerers, as ben persoones of paraschens, and bischopis aboue hem, and archibischopis aboue hem, and patriarkis ouer hem, and thanne the pope hiȝest.

1585 R. Parsons Christian Directorie i. ii. 42 The subordination of creatures in this world..is such, and so wonderfull; as we see no creature by nature serueth itself, but an other, and all together doe conspire in seruing the common.

1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Subordination, an appointing or placing of one thing vnder another.

1646 H. Lawrence Of Communion & Warre with Angels 23 In this subordination, Angells come next to have an influence upon rationall creatures.

1684 S. E. Answer Remarks upon Dr. H. More 33 As if true Christianity took away all subordination of Ranks and Degrees in the world.

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 9. ⁋8 The endless subordination of animal life.

a1804 W. Gilpin Serm. Country Congregation (1809) I. xiv. 39 God hath bestowed..different talents on different men:..this subordination..pervades all the works of God.

1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. III. xvi. vi. 347 By arranging them [sc. animals] according to a subordination unknown to Aristotle himself.

1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic iv. 89 The Relations..arising from the higher or lower position of a Concept in the series or hierarchy to which it belongs, are all denominated Relations of Subordination.

1935 Philosophy 10 20 In the whole psychic constitution..there is, besides arrangement and order, superordination and subordination.

1981 R. Alter Art Biblical Narr. ii. 26 Myth involves a set of equivalencies arranged in some system of subordination.

2001 M. Ereshefsky Poverty of Linn. Hierarchy viii. 275 The methods employed by the post-Linnaean system to indicate the subordination of taxa carry no such misleading metaphysical connotations.

†b. In plural. Ranks, degrees, or categories within a graded series or system of classification. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > [noun] > distinction of class > level or grade > relative

degreec1230

subordinations1615

1615 N. Byfield Expos. Epist. Coloss. 114 The state of Creatures: their alterations, subordinations, debillities, and expirations.

1652 Bp. J. Hall Invisible World iii. i, in Great Mysterie of Godliness 262 There can be no beeing at all, without a distinction of degrees, and subordinations of beeings.

a1672 Bp. J. Wilkins Of Princ. Nat. Relig. (1675) ii. iv. 333 Those several degrees and subordinations required to the order of the Universe.

1709 J. Swift Project Advancem. Relig. 23 Persons who in their several Subordinations would be obliged to follow the Examples of their Superiors.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 438. ⁋4 All the different Species and Subordinations of the Angry.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 166. ⁋5 An insolent leveller,..eager..to confound the subordinations of society.

1830 Q. Rev. May 225 Their increasing numbers shall..oblige them to arrange themselves into classes, in order to maintain, by means of subordinations in rank, that civil discipline, without which..anarchy must ensue.

†c. The arrangement of mechanical parts so that one part is dependent upon another; an instance of this. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > [noun] > dependence of one part on another

subordination1648

1648 N. Ward Mercurius Anti-mechanicus 10 The Spokes, Cogges and Clappers be brought into a due subordination and regular dependance upon each other and well timed.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 126. ⁋7 One bar was secured by another with such intricacy of subordination—that he was himself not always able to disengage them in the proper method.

†d. A subordinate means or agency. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > subordinate agency

subordinationa1676

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 332 The like determination of the same Will [of God] was sufficient to form Man out of the Dust of the ground, without taking in a subordination or instrumentality of Angels.

e. Architecture. The arrangement of arches into suborders (suborder n. 3) or sub-arches.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > structure consisting of arches > manner of construction

subordination1842

subarcuation1845

1842 Gentleman's Mag. July 771 A segmental arch incloses two pointed arches, and each pointed arch two others. Here we have subordination.

a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) II. 75 The sub-ordination of arches, by means of which, instead of going square through the thickness of a wall, they recede in orders or arched rims, each narrower than that above it.

1910 Encycl. Brit. II. 402/1 The subordination of arches (arches built in rings, or orders, recessed one within the other).

a. The state or fact of being subordinate to or dependent upon someone or something else. Later also: the action of making or regarding as subordinate. Also with to, †unto.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > [noun]

dangera1375

subjectiona1398

subalternation1483

vassalry1594

subordination1595

vassalage1595

subordination1599

subordinacy1612

subserviency1646

subjectedness1647

subservience1648

vassalation1648

subduedness1653

subordinancy1680

subservientness1727

heteronomy1798

subordinateness1876

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [noun] > subordination

subordination1595

subordinacy1612

subalternity1620

subordinateness1634

subordinance1642

postposure1656

postponency1668

postponence1755

postponement1830

1595 W. Allen et al. Conf. Next Succession Crowne of Ingland ii. v. 119 The Scots-men themselues, (specially those of the nobility) do openly professe, that they desire not this coniunction and subordination vnto Ingland.

a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie (1648) viii. sig. Aa2^v That Civill Authority is from God, but not immediately through Christ, nor with any subordination to God.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 315 From the Subordination of a Government, cannot be inferred the Subjection of the Governor.

1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 69. ⁋1 If we take too great an Idea of the Eminence of our Superiors, or Subordination of our Inferiors.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. liii. 507 Their independent spirit disdained the yoke of subordination.

1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) II. xxii. 284 It might have been expected that a man of high principle would have kept in subordination his feelings as a rival.

1899 Arena June 744 The mothers of our section are prone to live entirely in the lives of their children,..glorifying in their subordination of self.

1913 C. G. Hartley Truth about Woman viii. 264 The woman's insecure position..has forced her into a state of dependence and subordination to men.

1940 Educ. Forum May 433/2 It is a brief decline from economic dependence to political subordination and to loss of liberty.

2004 V. Jenkins in J. U. Gordon Afr. Presence in Black Amer. 219 The Rhodesian politicians had to find a reason to rationalize their subordination of the local Shona people.

b. The condition, state, or fact of being subordinate or subservient to a particular end, objective, or need. Later also: the action of making subordinate in this way.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > necessity > [noun] > subjugation of the will to something else

bondagea1450

captivitya1538

slavery1577

subjugation1609

vassalage1612

subordination1663

1663 R. Boyle Some Considerations Usefulnesse Exper. Nat. Philos. i. ii. 43 His Goodnesse; Of which all his Creatures do in their due measure partake, partly by their having a Being vouchsafed them, and partly by their being preserved in it as long as their subordination to higher purposes, and to more powerful creatures do permit.

1673 E. Stillingfleet Serm. i. iv. 67 All this it doth by way of subordination to the great end of it, which is the promoting mens eternal happiness.

1736 E. Smith Cure of Deism II. xvi. 78 What can better reduce all the selfish Affections..into due Order and Subordination to the general Good in this World.

1790 R. Beilby & T. Bewick Gen. Hist. Quadrupeds 21 A striking example of this subordination to the interests of mankind.

1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 177/1 The harmonious co-ordination of all things and their subordination to a general end.

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. i. §2 9 A certain subordination of individual actions to social requirements.

1927 Amer. Mercury May p. xxxix M. Siegfried shows that Americans are becoming standardized as the result of human subordination to mechanical production.

1996 M. Weinroth Reclaiming W. Morris iv. 132 The activist posture which he assumes entails the subordination of all his private enterprises to a single end, beyond his own personal needs.

c. Grammar. The dependence of one clause or unit upon another; the construction of sentences using subordinate clauses.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic relations > [noun] > subordination

subordination1830

hypotaxis1883

nesting1957

embedding1961

1830 C. F. Becker Gram. German Lang. i. viii. 171 Two sentences are connected..by way of subordination, when one of them can be considered as standing in place of a substantive, adjective, or adverb.

1857 J. W. Gibbs Philol. Stud. 115 When two propositions..are so united into a single thought or sentiment, that one proposition..forms the complement of the other proposition, the former proposition is said to be subordinate to the latter, and this kind of union is called subordination.

1892 L. Kellner Hist. Outl. Eng. Syntax 54 The first step towards the development of grammatical subordination was the use of a pronoun or a demonstrative adverb connecting the two sentences.

1952 PMLA 67 1109 The turtle in the Parliament of Fowls says, ‘A wight may speke, hym were as fayr be stylle’.., no doubt indicating the subordination of the second clause by tone.

1987 B. G. Hewitt (title) The typology of subordination in Georgian and Abkhaz.

2010 G. Deutscher Through Lang. Glass v. 120 Although all known languages use some subordination, languages vary greatly in the range of subordinate clauses.

3. The quality or condition of being submissive or obedient; behaviour, attitude, or conduct expressing submission or obedience to a higher power or authority. Also: an instance of this. Cf. insubordination n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > [noun]

dangera1375

subjectiona1398

subalternation1483

vassalry1594

subordination1595

vassalage1595

subordination1599

subordinacy1612

subserviency1646

subjectedness1647

subservience1648

vassalation1648

subduedness1653

subordinancy1680

subservientness1727

heteronomy1798

subordinateness1876

society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > [noun] > required by authority or discipline

subordination1599

1599 R. Parsons Temperate Ward-word ii. 24 In that he saith wee obey the meanest preest as the highest, if he come with authoritie of the highest, he sheweth therby that we haue among vs true obedience and subordination.

1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα iv. xviii. 533 A modest and moderate superiority with meek subordination, faithfull counsell with equanimous commands, meeting together, these make up the holy Oeconomy or Polity of Church-Government.

1661 A. Burgess Expository Comment 1st Chap. 2 Cor. lxxvii. 348 We may not pray with condition, yet we ought with subordination.

1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. v. 87 The Subordinations, to which they [sc. children] are accustomed in domestick Life.

1760 Cautions & Advices to Officers of Army 8 Subordination must be preserved in the Army.

1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella II. ii. viii. 459 They were without subordination, patience, industry, or any of the regular habits demanded for success in such an enterprise.

1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art i. 9 There has been..wilfulness, when there should have been subordination.

1921 E. L. Munson & A. H. Miller Managem. of Men xviii. 644 Too much of it [sc. manual labor] will usually result in ill-will, grumbling and lack of subordination.

1998 G. E. Dowd in A. R. L. Cayton & F. J. Teute Contact Points 138 When the Indians refused to show proper subordination, British officers saw only insolence and disloyalty.

Phrases

P1. in (also †with) subordination to: subordinately in relation to someone or something else.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [adverb] > of subsidiary importance

accidentallya1398

accidentlya1460

accessorilyc1475

accidentarily1591

subordinately1608

accessarily1611

of the by1611

in (also with) subordination to1614

offstage1861

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. iv. §11. 282 The knowledge of our sinne and miserie, which is taught vs by the law..serueth in subordination to the Gospell.

1646 E. Leigh Treat. Divinity ii. vii. 64 The..common beautifying of the whole workemanship, in subordination to that high end of his glory.

1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther ii. 53 Nor can a council national decide But with subordination to her Guide.

1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 252 Escheat..operates in subordination to this more antient and superior law of forfeiture.

1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral xvii. 400 Porticos, large enough for effect, yet in humble subordination to the vast fabric which they enclose.

1885 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 14 266 The local board..can only exercise their rights in subordination to the market rights.

1921 F. W. Hackwood Story of Shire x. 102 The presiding officer of a Rape was called Rape-reeve, and..acted in subordination to the Shire-reeve.

1949 K. Clark Landscape into Art iv. 62 He was able to use all this material in subordination to a poetic conception of landscape almost as ideal..as Poussin's.

2004 Jrnl. Post Keynesian Econ. 27 91 The PBC [= People's Bank of China] seemed to work in subordination to other central agencies, such as the State Planning Commission.

P2. under subordination: under the authority or control of another. Also with of, to. Also in under the subordination of.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > in or into subjection [phrase] > under control

to (one's) handOE

underhanda1000

under subordination1749

in hand1761

1749 tr. F. V. Toussaint Manners ii. ii. 101 Those monsters, when under subordination, may be useful to their country.

1769 O. Goldsmith Rom. Hist. I. 373 The forces on the side of Marius were the most numerous, but those of Sylla better united and more under subordination.

1802 M. Moore Lascelles III. 190 Those whose actions are under the subordination of propriety.

1898 S. V. Clevenger & F. H. Bowlby Med. Jurispr. Insanity I. i. 9 A sound mind is one wholly free from delusion with all..the propensities, affections, and passions being under subordination of the judgment and will, the former being the controlling power.

1927 Harvard Theol. Rev. 20 385 Rome finally formulated the program of a comprehensive religious unity by inclusion and under subordination to the State.

2009 J. L. Walton Watch This! 14 The leading female televangelists..continue to minister under subordination to a male pastoral figure.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	subordination
释义	subordinationn.¹ Brit. /səˌbɔːdᵻˈneɪʃn/, U.S. /səˌbɔrdnˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English subordinacioun, 1500s– subordination. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin subordination-, subordinatio. Etymology: < post-classical Latin subordination-, subordinatio delegation (6th cent.), condition of being subordinate (although this is apparently first attested slightly later than in English: a1605) < subordinat- , past participial stem of subordinare subordinate v.² + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare French subordination (1610; 1872 in grammatical use).With sense 1e compare later suborder n. 3. In sense 2c after subordinate clause n. at subordinate adj., n., and adv. Compounds. 1. a. The arrangement (of people or things) into a series of successively dependent ranks, degrees, or categories. Also: †an instance of this, a graded series or system of classification (obsolete). ΚΠ c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 393 How ellis myȝte..haue be ordeyned..of the laife suche statis in the chirch to be in subordinacioun of vndrers and ouerers, as ben persoones of paraschens, and bischopis aboue hem, and archibischopis aboue hem, and patriarkis ouer hem, and thanne the pope hiȝest. 1585 R. Parsons Christian Directorie i. ii. 42 The subordination of creatures in this world..is such, and so wonderfull; as we see no creature by nature serueth itself, but an other, and all together doe conspire in seruing the common. 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Subordination, an appointing or placing of one thing vnder another. 1646 H. Lawrence Of Communion & Warre with Angels 23 In this subordination, Angells come next to have an influence upon rationall creatures. 1684 S. E. Answer Remarks upon Dr. H. More 33 As if true Christianity took away all subordination of Ranks and Degrees in the world. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 9. ⁋8 The endless subordination of animal life. a1804 W. Gilpin Serm. Country Congregation (1809) I. xiv. 39 God hath bestowed..different talents on different men:..this subordination..pervades all the works of God. 1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. III. xvi. vi. 347 By arranging them [sc. animals] according to a subordination unknown to Aristotle himself. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic iv. 89 The Relations..arising from the higher or lower position of a Concept in the series or hierarchy to which it belongs, are all denominated Relations of Subordination. 1935 Philosophy 10 20 In the whole psychic constitution..there is, besides arrangement and order, superordination and subordination. 1981 R. Alter Art Biblical Narr. ii. 26 Myth involves a set of equivalencies arranged in some system of subordination. 2001 M. Ereshefsky Poverty of Linn. Hierarchy viii. 275 The methods employed by the post-Linnaean system to indicate the subordination of taxa carry no such misleading metaphysical connotations. †b. In plural. Ranks, degrees, or categories within a graded series or system of classification. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > [noun] > distinction of class > level or grade > relative degreec1230 subordinations1615 1615 N. Byfield Expos. Epist. Coloss. 114 The state of Creatures: their alterations, subordinations, debillities, and expirations. 1652 Bp. J. Hall Invisible World iii. i, in Great Mysterie of Godliness 262 There can be no beeing at all, without a distinction of degrees, and subordinations of beeings. a1672 Bp. J. Wilkins Of Princ. Nat. Relig. (1675) ii. iv. 333 Those several degrees and subordinations required to the order of the Universe. 1709 J. Swift Project Advancem. Relig. 23 Persons who in their several Subordinations would be obliged to follow the Examples of their Superiors. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 438. ⁋4 All the different Species and Subordinations of the Angry. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 166. ⁋5 An insolent leveller,..eager..to confound the subordinations of society. 1830 Q. Rev. May 225 Their increasing numbers shall..oblige them to arrange themselves into classes, in order to maintain, by means of subordinations in rank, that civil discipline, without which..anarchy must ensue. †c. The arrangement of mechanical parts so that one part is dependent upon another; an instance of this. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > [noun] > dependence of one part on another subordination1648 1648 N. Ward Mercurius Anti-mechanicus 10 The Spokes, Cogges and Clappers be brought into a due subordination and regular dependance upon each other and well timed. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 126. ⁋7 One bar was secured by another with such intricacy of subordination—that he was himself not always able to disengage them in the proper method. †d. A subordinate means or agency. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > subordinate agency subordinationa1676 a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 332 The like determination of the same Will [of God] was sufficient to form Man out of the Dust of the ground, without taking in a subordination or instrumentality of Angels. e. Architecture. The arrangement of arches into suborders (suborder n. 3) or sub-arches. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > structure consisting of arches > manner of construction subordination1842 subarcuation1845 1842 Gentleman's Mag. July 771 A segmental arch incloses two pointed arches, and each pointed arch two others. Here we have subordination. a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) II. 75 The sub-ordination of arches, by means of which, instead of going square through the thickness of a wall, they recede in orders or arched rims, each narrower than that above it. 1910 Encycl. Brit. II. 402/1 The subordination of arches (arches built in rings, or orders, recessed one within the other). 2. a. The state or fact of being subordinate to or dependent upon someone or something else. Later also: the action of making or regarding as subordinate. Also with to, †unto. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > [noun] dangera1375 subjectiona1398 subalternation1483 vassalry1594 subordination1595 vassalage1595 subordination1599 subordinacy1612 subserviency1646 subjectedness1647 subservience1648 vassalation1648 subduedness1653 subordinancy1680 subservientness1727 heteronomy1798 subordinateness1876 the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [noun] > subordination subordination1595 subordinacy1612 subalternity1620 subordinateness1634 subordinance1642 postposure1656 postponency1668 postponence1755 postponement1830 1595 W. Allen et al. Conf. Next Succession Crowne of Ingland ii. v. 119 The Scots-men themselues, (specially those of the nobility) do openly professe, that they desire not this coniunction and subordination vnto Ingland. a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie (1648) viii. sig. Aa2^v That Civill Authority is from God, but not immediately through Christ, nor with any subordination to God. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 315 From the Subordination of a Government, cannot be inferred the Subjection of the Governor. 1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 69. ⁋1 If we take too great an Idea of the Eminence of our Superiors, or Subordination of our Inferiors. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. liii. 507 Their independent spirit disdained the yoke of subordination. 1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) II. xxii. 284 It might have been expected that a man of high principle would have kept in subordination his feelings as a rival. 1899 Arena June 744 The mothers of our section are prone to live entirely in the lives of their children,..glorifying in their subordination of self. 1913 C. G. Hartley Truth about Woman viii. 264 The woman's insecure position..has forced her into a state of dependence and subordination to men. 1940 Educ. Forum May 433/2 It is a brief decline from economic dependence to political subordination and to loss of liberty. 2004 V. Jenkins in J. U. Gordon Afr. Presence in Black Amer. 219 The Rhodesian politicians had to find a reason to rationalize their subordination of the local Shona people. b. The condition, state, or fact of being subordinate or subservient to a particular end, objective, or need. Later also: the action of making subordinate in this way. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > necessity > [noun] > subjugation of the will to something else bondagea1450 captivitya1538 slavery1577 subjugation1609 vassalage1612 subordination1663 1663 R. Boyle Some Considerations Usefulnesse Exper. Nat. Philos. i. ii. 43 His Goodnesse; Of which all his Creatures do in their due measure partake, partly by their having a Being vouchsafed them, and partly by their being preserved in it as long as their subordination to higher purposes, and to more powerful creatures do permit. 1673 E. Stillingfleet Serm. i. iv. 67 All this it doth by way of subordination to the great end of it, which is the promoting mens eternal happiness. 1736 E. Smith Cure of Deism II. xvi. 78 What can better reduce all the selfish Affections..into due Order and Subordination to the general Good in this World. 1790 R. Beilby & T. Bewick Gen. Hist. Quadrupeds 21 A striking example of this subordination to the interests of mankind. 1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 177/1 The harmonious co-ordination of all things and their subordination to a general end. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. i. §2 9 A certain subordination of individual actions to social requirements. 1927 Amer. Mercury May p. xxxix M. Siegfried shows that Americans are becoming standardized as the result of human subordination to mechanical production. 1996 M. Weinroth Reclaiming W. Morris iv. 132 The activist posture which he assumes entails the subordination of all his private enterprises to a single end, beyond his own personal needs. c. Grammar. The dependence of one clause or unit upon another; the construction of sentences using subordinate clauses. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic relations > [noun] > subordination subordination1830 hypotaxis1883 nesting1957 embedding1961 1830 C. F. Becker Gram. German Lang. i. viii. 171 Two sentences are connected..by way of subordination, when one of them can be considered as standing in place of a substantive, adjective, or adverb. 1857 J. W. Gibbs Philol. Stud. 115 When two propositions..are so united into a single thought or sentiment, that one proposition..forms the complement of the other proposition, the former proposition is said to be subordinate to the latter, and this kind of union is called subordination. 1892 L. Kellner Hist. Outl. Eng. Syntax 54 The first step towards the development of grammatical subordination was the use of a pronoun or a demonstrative adverb connecting the two sentences. 1952 PMLA 67 1109 The turtle in the Parliament of Fowls says, ‘A wight may speke, hym were as fayr be stylle’.., no doubt indicating the subordination of the second clause by tone. 1987 B. G. Hewitt (title) The typology of subordination in Georgian and Abkhaz. 2010 G. Deutscher Through Lang. Glass v. 120 Although all known languages use some subordination, languages vary greatly in the range of subordinate clauses. 3. The quality or condition of being submissive or obedient; behaviour, attitude, or conduct expressing submission or obedience to a higher power or authority. Also: an instance of this. Cf. insubordination n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > [noun] dangera1375 subjectiona1398 subalternation1483 vassalry1594 subordination1595 vassalage1595 subordination1599 subordinacy1612 subserviency1646 subjectedness1647 subservience1648 vassalation1648 subduedness1653 subordinancy1680 subservientness1727 heteronomy1798 subordinateness1876 society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > [noun] > required by authority or discipline subordination1599 1599 R. Parsons Temperate Ward-word ii. 24 In that he saith wee obey the meanest preest as the highest, if he come with authoritie of the highest, he sheweth therby that we haue among vs true obedience and subordination. 1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα iv. xviii. 533 A modest and moderate superiority with meek subordination, faithfull counsell with equanimous commands, meeting together, these make up the holy Oeconomy or Polity of Church-Government. 1661 A. Burgess Expository Comment 1st Chap. 2 Cor. lxxvii. 348 We may not pray with condition, yet we ought with subordination. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. v. 87 The Subordinations, to which they [sc. children] are accustomed in domestick Life. 1760 Cautions & Advices to Officers of Army 8 Subordination must be preserved in the Army. 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella II. ii. viii. 459 They were without subordination, patience, industry, or any of the regular habits demanded for success in such an enterprise. 1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art i. 9 There has been..wilfulness, when there should have been subordination. 1921 E. L. Munson & A. H. Miller Managem. of Men xviii. 644 Too much of it [sc. manual labor] will usually result in ill-will, grumbling and lack of subordination. 1998 G. E. Dowd in A. R. L. Cayton & F. J. Teute Contact Points 138 When the Indians refused to show proper subordination, British officers saw only insolence and disloyalty. Phrases P1. in (also †with) subordination to: subordinately in relation to someone or something else. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [adverb] > of subsidiary importance accidentallya1398 accidentlya1460 accessorilyc1475 accidentarily1591 subordinately1608 accessarily1611 of the by1611 in (also with) subordination to1614 offstage1861 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. iv. §11. 282 The knowledge of our sinne and miserie, which is taught vs by the law..serueth in subordination to the Gospell. 1646 E. Leigh Treat. Divinity ii. vii. 64 The..common beautifying of the whole workemanship, in subordination to that high end of his glory. 1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther ii. 53 Nor can a council national decide But with subordination to her Guide. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 252 Escheat..operates in subordination to this more antient and superior law of forfeiture. 1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral xvii. 400 Porticos, large enough for effect, yet in humble subordination to the vast fabric which they enclose. 1885 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 14 266 The local board..can only exercise their rights in subordination to the market rights. 1921 F. W. Hackwood Story of Shire x. 102 The presiding officer of a Rape was called Rape-reeve, and..acted in subordination to the Shire-reeve. 1949 K. Clark Landscape into Art iv. 62 He was able to use all this material in subordination to a poetic conception of landscape almost as ideal..as Poussin's. 2004 Jrnl. Post Keynesian Econ. 27 91 The PBC [= People's Bank of China] seemed to work in subordination to other central agencies, such as the State Planning Commission. P2. under subordination: under the authority or control of another. Also with of, to. Also in under the subordination of. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > in or into subjection [phrase] > under control to (one's) handOE underhanda1000 under subordination1749 in hand1761 1749 tr. F. V. Toussaint Manners ii. ii. 101 Those monsters, when under subordination, may be useful to their country. 1769 O. Goldsmith Rom. Hist. I. 373 The forces on the side of Marius were the most numerous, but those of Sylla better united and more under subordination. 1802 M. Moore Lascelles III. 190 Those whose actions are under the subordination of propriety. 1898 S. V. Clevenger & F. H. Bowlby Med. Jurispr. Insanity I. i. 9 A sound mind is one wholly free from delusion with all..the propensities, affections, and passions being under subordination of the judgment and will, the former being the controlling power. 1927 Harvard Theol. Rev. 20 385 Rome finally formulated the program of a comprehensive religious unity by inclusion and under subordination to the State. 2009 J. L. Walton Watch This! 14 The leading female televangelists..continue to minister under subordination to a male pastoral figure. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). subordinationn.² Brit. /səˌbɔːdᵻˈneɪʃn/, U.S. /səˌbɔrdnˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: subornation n. Etymology: Alteration of subornation n., as a result of association with subordinate v.² and subordination n.¹ Compare earlier subordinate v.¹ Compare similar confusion in French of subordination (1677 or earlier in this sense, usually in subordination de témoin ) with subornation subornation n. Chiefly Law. = subornation n. (in various senses). Frequently in subordination of perjury n. the crime of inducing a person to commit perjury.subornation is the more usual term. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > leading astray > [noun] > by bribery subornation1548 subordination1603 society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > [noun] > leading astray > inducing to evil action subornation1548 subordination1603 1603 W. Clark Replie Libell Father Parsons f. 40 We complaine of treasonable practises, and attempts against our Prince,..& of false subordinations, and informations to his Holines. 1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. ix. xiii. 609/1 They charged him in the rest with..embezelling of Records, dishonourable shifts, wicked Axiomes of state, cruelty, couetousnesse, subordinations, lasciuiousnesse. 1640 Bp. J. Hall Episcopacie ii. xi. 138 Charge him with corruption, and subordination. 1775 Brit. Chronol. 3 57/1 The bill to render prosecutions for perjury and subordination of perjury more easy and effectual. 1835 R. Robison Let. to House of Commons 4 The libel of which I have been convicted..imputed to General Darling, murder, subordination of perjury and the most profligate corruption. 1902 S. Calif. Practitioner Apr. 125/1 This compels those who have found life together intolerable, to resort..to perjury, the subordination of witnesses. 1990 Jrnl. Criminal Law & Criminol. 81 467 Because Teal's mistake made it legally impossible to commit the crime of subordination of perjury, she could not be convicted of attempted subordination. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c1449n.²1603
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subordinationn.1

Phrases

subordinationn.2

subordinationn.¹

subordinationn.²