sumacn.

Brit.

/ˈs(j)uːmak/,

/ˈʃuːmak/, U.S.

/ˈsuˌmæk/,

/ˈʃuˌmæk/

Forms: Middle English asimac, Middle English sumat (transmission error), Middle English symak, Middle English 1600s sumak, Middle English– sumac, 1500s sumache, 1500s sumacko, 1500s–1600s shewmake, 1500s–1600s shomacke, 1500s–1600s shoomacke, 1500s–1600s sumacke, 1500s–1600s zumake, 1500s– shoemake (regional and nonstandard in later use), 1500s– sumach, 1500s– sumack, 1600s schomache, 1600s shommacken, 1600s shoomake, 1600s showmack, 1600s shumacke, 1600s sumaco, 1600s sumaque, 1600s–1700s shoomack, 1600s–1800s shumach, 1600s–1800s shumack, 1600s (1800s– regional and nonstandard) shumac, 1600s (1800s– regional and nonstandard) sumake, 1600s– shoemack (regional and nonstandard in later use), 1600s– shumach (regional and nonstandard in later use), 1700s–1800s shomach, 1800s shoemac, 1800s shoemach, 1800s shomake, 1800s– shumake; U.S. regional 1800s shumate, 1800s– shoemate, 1900s– shoemaker, 1900s– shoemates, 1900s– shumaker; also Scottish pre-1700 shoomak, pre-1700 shumak.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French sumac; Latin sumac, sumach.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman sumak, Anglo-Norman and Middle French sumac, Middle French simac, sumack, Middle French, French †sumach (mid 13th cent. in Old French as somac; French sumac), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin sumac, sumach (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources) < Arabic summāq, denoting both the plant and the red substance derived from it < Aramaic summāqā red, with reference to the colour of the fruit of the shrub.Compare Old Occitan simac , sumac , Catalan sumac (early 16th cent.; 14th cent. as çumac , sumach ), Spanish zumaque (early 13th cent.; 10th cent. in Latin context as zumake , zumag ; also †çumaque , †sumaque ), Italian sommaco (14th cent., earliest as somaco ), Portuguese sumagre (15th cent.; 13th cent. as çumagre ); also Middle Low German smacke , Middle High German sumach (German Sumach ). Specific forms. It is unclear whether the form asimac in quot. ?a1350 at sense 1a represents a scribal error or perhaps a borrowing < Arabic al-summāq < al the + summāq . In the forms sumaque, zumake after Spanish zumaque, †cumaque. With forms with final -o compare Italian sommaco . Forms with initial sch- or sh- reflect palatalization of /s/ (compare e.g. sure adj.). The U.S. regional forms in -er may reflect folk-etymological alteration after shoemaker n.

a. Originally: the fruit (a hairy purplish drupe) of the shrubby tree Rhus coriaria (see sense 2a), used as a flavouring in cooking and (formerly) as an astringent in medicine; a spice made by drying and grinding these fruits. In later use also: the leaves and shoots of R. coriaria, or leaves, shoots, or bark of several other species of the genus Rhus, used in tanning and dyeing, and (formerly) as an astringent in medicine.The use of sumac as a spice is particularly common in Middle Eastern cookery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > astringent or restringent preparations > [noun] > plant-derived

sumac?a1350

hypocistisa1425

balausty?1541

red sanders1553

balaustine1671

simarouba1733

hypocist1751

kino1788

witch hazel1844

tannigen1898

the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > blackening agent > [noun] > dye

sumac?a1350

sumac black1580

wood-soot1667

Manchester black1862

azurine1878

chestnut-extract1881

nigrosine1881

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > leather-making materials > [noun] > tannin > tanning solutions

sumac?a1350

bark-waterc1440

oozea1450

owser1704

sour1756

souring1777

tan-pickle1820

gambier1853

kassu1862

tan-liquor1882

tan-ooze1901

?a1350 MS Sloane 5 f. 12 Sumac fructus est cuiusdam arboris..G[allice] & A[nglice] asimac.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 218 Make him a gargarisme wiþ a decoccioun of ro. [= rosin], sumac, balaustiarum.

1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. xvi. f. lxi. To thys intention a decoction of barley, in whyche a lytle of sumach hath been boyled auaileth much, if ye adde there vnto a lytle of Diamoron.

1588 T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia sig. B4 Shoemake..vsed in England for blacke.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Sumach de cuisine, the berrie, or fruit of that shrub, vsed heretofore in stead of salt, especially in sawces; whence, as it seemes, we call it, meat Sumacke, and sawce Sumacke.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Sumac, a Drug used to die in Green; as also in the Preparation of Black Morocco, and other Leather.

1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 181 The Sicilian Shumack is imported in bags.

1864 Chamb. Encycl. VI. 68/1 The tanning of goat-skins..is done by sewing up the skins, and filling the bag with a decoction of shumac in a warm state.

1921 Weekly News Let. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 14 Sept. 6/3 First-grade sumac must contain no berries and less than 25 per cent of stalks.

1963 G. S. Maxwell Navajo Rugs (1973) iii. 32 He tells of native dyes..black from sumac.

2008 BBC Good Food Sept. 145/4 Sumac is a Middle Eastern spice with an intense fruity flavour—you need only a little.

b. The dried leaves of any of several North American plants of the genus Rhus, used with, or in place of, tobacco for smoking. Cf. kinnikinnick n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > [noun] > substitutes for tobacco

tobacco-docks1599

poke1634

saccacommis1703

kinnikinnick1792

sumac1813

rabbit tobacco1880

pipeweed1896

1813 A. S. de Peyster Miscellanies 23 Sumack, red wood, and such stuff, Too mild, unmixed, to smoke or snuff.

1823 H. Ravelin Lucubrations 351 The fragrance of the Shumach from their [sc. the Sieue Indians'] pipes.

1865 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Daily Sentinel 4 Jan. It appears that some unprincipled scoundrels mix with their tobacco large quantities of sumac.

1953 Eau Claire (Wisconsin) Leader 12 Feb. 13/5 Prehistoric Indians of New Mexico smoked wild tobacco, sumac and other herbs.

2010 Graham (Texas) Leader (Nexis) 17 Dec. The two men smoked a pipe full of chopped tobacco and sumac and talked about the situation.

a. Originally: the shrubby tree Rhus coriaria, native to southern Europe, which has pinnate leaves, greenish-white flowers, and hairy purplish fruits. In later use also: any of various other shrubs and small trees of the genus Rhus or closely related genera of the family Anacardiaceae; esp. R. typhina of North America, which is widely cultivated as a garden plant, which has densely hairy twigs and is widely cultivated as an ornamental garden plant. Frequently with distinguishing word.poison sumac, red sumac, stag horn sumac, Venetian sumac, etc.: see the first element. See also mountain sumac n. (a) at mountain n. and adj. Compounds 2d.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > sumacs > [noun]

buck's-horna1450

rhus?1541

sumac1548

Venice sumac1597

poisonwood1671

poison tree1676

swamp sumac1722

urushi1727

stag-horn1753

Venetian sumac1755

poison ash1757

ipoh1779

poison sumac1785

ailanthus tree1789

Japan varnish1789

vinegar-plant1797

mountain sumac1813

poison dogwood1814

upas1814

karee1815

fustet1821

taaibos1821

poison elder1822

varnish sumac1822

Japan lacquer1835

tree of heaven1845

anacard1847

smoke plant1856

tanners' sumac1858

swamp dogwood1859

smoke-tree1860

wax-tree1866

wig-sumac1867

wig-tree1867

burnwood1874

vinegar-tree1874

mountain manchineel1884

valley of death tree1888

sugar-bush1900

smoke bush1902

1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. F.vj^v Plinie maketh three kyndes of Rhois, of the whiche kyndes I knowe one certaynly, whiche is called of the Poticaries Sumache.

1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 115 The Sumach which is vsed for a sauce vnto meates, which som call rede: is the fruyte of the lether Sumach.

1634 W. Wood New Englands Prospect i. v. 16 The Diars Shumach, with more trees there be.

1682 S. Wilson Acct. Province Carolina 18 Sumack growes in great abundance naturally, so undoubtedly would Woad, Madder and Sa-Flower, if planted.

1716 Philos. Trans. 1714–16 (Royal Soc.) 29 364 All these Trifoliate Sumachs grow spontaneously about the fertile Cape of Good Hope.

1767 W. Hanbury Hist. Rise Charitable Found. Church-Langton 183 The New England sumach, being large trees were killed, though they sprung up from the ground afterwards by suckers.

1806 T. Moore Epistles, Odes 286 Yon sumach, whose red berry dips In the gush of the fountain.

1900 H. L. Keeler Our Native Trees 90 The Velvet Sumach is well named, for its twigs and branches are really velvety to the eye and to the touch.

1980 Hunting Ann. 1981 42/2 Here, the berries of black haw, sumac, bittersweet and greenbrier are important even in winter.

2015 Food Chem. 166 179/1 Sumac, Rhus coriaria..a wild edible plant growing in the Mediterranean region, has long been used as a seasoning spice.., and as a souring agent in food recipes.

b. With distinguishing word. Any of several plants of other families, typically having pinnate leaves thought to resemble those of sumacs.Some of these plants were formerly placed in the genus Rhus; see for example quots. 1578, 1597.See also mountain sumac n. (b) at mountain n. and adj. Compounds 2d.

ΚΠ

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. xii. 672 Rhus syluestris Plinij. Plinies wilde Sumac.

1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1291 Rhus Myrtifolius. Wilde, or Myrtill Sumach.

1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum at Rhus The Myrtle-leaved Sumach..is a plant making a pretty Figure in a Garden.

1897 Eclectic Med. Jrnl. 57 687 This [sc. Ailanthus glandulosa] is the famous ‘tree of heaven’, or Chinese sumac.

1910 C. B. Graves Catal. Flowering Plants & Ferns Connecticut 223 Sorbus americana..Mountain Sumac... Swamps and about ponds or sometimes on dry ledges or in rocky woods.

2005 H. H. Genoways et al. Bats of Jamaica (Special Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ.) 5/1 Common trees of the canopy layer include the..West Indian sumach (Brunellia comocladiifolia)..and alligator wood (Guarea swartzii).

Compounds

C1. General use as a modifier, as in sumac berry, sumac leaf, sumac tree, etc.

ΚΠ

1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 58^v The vnripe berries of thys tre are good to be dryed and brused, and put into mete in the stede of sumach berries.

1652 tr. N. Fonteyn Womans Doctour iv. xi. 249 Take..Myrtle seeds, Shumach seeds, of each a dram.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. v. 80/1 The Sumack Tree of Virginia, nicked with nine, or ten leaves on a side like an ash.

1799 J. Smith Acct. Remarkable Occurr. 11 A pouch, which..contained tobacco, killegenico, or dry sumach leaves which they mix with their tobacco.

1833 J. E. Smith Study Bot. (ed. 7) 316 Sumachineæ. Sumach Tribe.

1877 W. Black Green Pastures & Piccadilly xlii, in Examiner 20 Oct. 1326/1 The lake-red of those sumach bushes.

1900 N. Blanchan Nature's Garden 212 Men find that by cutting bits of any sumac root and planting them in good garden soil, strong specimens are secured within a year.

1942 Science 13 Nov. 448/2 A sumac tree 5 inches in diameter at the base and reaching over 20 feet in height..was cut down.

2017 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz.-Mail (Nexis) 15 Oct. 6 a I saw a movement, pointed my binoculars at it, and saw some eastern bluebirds feasting on sumac berries.

C2. As a modifier, with reference to the use of sumac in tanning or dyeing, as in sumac tanning, sumac tub, etc. Cf. sumac v.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > [noun] > converting to leather

tawing1408

barkingc1440

tewc1440

tanneryc1460

tanning1481

tannage1662

bark-tanning1707

leach1779

sumaching1792

chrome-tanning1882

stocking1883

sumac tanning1932

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > leather-making materials > [adjective] > tanning

tanning1827

sumac1932

1735 J. Barrow Dict. Polygraphicum I. at Black The way of dying stuffs, the sumach dye, so as it shall be very lasting.

1813 E. Bancroft Exper. Res. Philos. Permanent Colours (new ed.) II. iii. ii. 198 When the goods are taken out of the sumach liquor, they must be rinced in water.

1845 G. Dodd Brit. Manuf. 5th Ser. 192 The sumach-tubs present a singular appearance when three or four dozen inflated goat-skins are floating about in the contained liquor.

1932 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 20 Feb. 353/1 For ‘light leathers’ used in the arts..sumach tanning is considered superior to any other for durability.

2007 R. Kanigel Faux Real (2010) x. 225 ‘Morocco’ originally meant sumac-tanned goatskin with a characteristic red cast.

C3.

† sumac black n. Obsolete a black dye prepared from the ground leaves and twigs of sumac.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > blackening agent > [noun] > dye

sumac?a1350

sumac black1580

wood-soot1667

Manchester black1862

azurine1878

chestnut-extract1881

nigrosine1881

1580–1 Act 23 Elizabeth I c. 9 in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. 671 That yt shall and maye bee lawfull to dye all manner of galled Blacke Shomacke Blacke alias playne Blacke, wherein no Mather shalbe used as heretofore lawfullye hathe byn done.

1869 E. C. Haserick Secrets Art of Dyeing iii. 97 Sumach Black. 25 pounds of fabric is well boiled in fresh water; then handled through a warm liquid of 20 pounds of sumach.

1893 Sci. Amer. Cycl. Receipts 147/1 Sumac Black. 110 lbs.—Prepare with sumac, 22 lb., overnight, at a boil.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sumac
释义	sumacn. Brit. /ˈs(j)uːmak/, /ˈʃuːmak/, U.S. /ˈsuˌmæk/, /ˈʃuˌmæk/ Forms: Middle English asimac, Middle English sumat (transmission error), Middle English symak, Middle English 1600s sumak, Middle English– sumac, 1500s sumache, 1500s sumacko, 1500s–1600s shewmake, 1500s–1600s shomacke, 1500s–1600s shoomacke, 1500s–1600s sumacke, 1500s–1600s zumake, 1500s– shoemake (regional and nonstandard in later use), 1500s– sumach, 1500s– sumack, 1600s schomache, 1600s shommacken, 1600s shoomake, 1600s showmack, 1600s shumacke, 1600s sumaco, 1600s sumaque, 1600s–1700s shoomack, 1600s–1800s shumach, 1600s–1800s shumack, 1600s (1800s– regional and nonstandard) shumac, 1600s (1800s– regional and nonstandard) sumake, 1600s– shoemack (regional and nonstandard in later use), 1600s– shumach (regional and nonstandard in later use), 1700s–1800s shomach, 1800s shoemac, 1800s shoemach, 1800s shomake, 1800s– shumake; U.S. regional 1800s shumate, 1800s– shoemate, 1900s– shoemaker, 1900s– shoemates, 1900s– shumaker; also Scottish pre-1700 shoomak, pre-1700 shumak. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French sumac; Latin sumac, sumach. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman sumak, Anglo-Norman and Middle French sumac, Middle French simac, sumack, Middle French, French †sumach (mid 13th cent. in Old French as somac; French sumac), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin sumac, sumach (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources) < Arabic summāq, denoting both the plant and the red substance derived from it < Aramaic summāqā red, with reference to the colour of the fruit of the shrub.Compare Old Occitan simac , sumac , Catalan sumac (early 16th cent.; 14th cent. as çumac , sumach ), Spanish zumaque (early 13th cent.; 10th cent. in Latin context as zumake , zumag ; also †çumaque , †sumaque ), Italian sommaco (14th cent., earliest as somaco ), Portuguese sumagre (15th cent.; 13th cent. as çumagre ); also Middle Low German smacke , Middle High German sumach (German Sumach ). Specific forms. It is unclear whether the form asimac in quot. ?a1350 at sense 1a represents a scribal error or perhaps a borrowing < Arabic al-summāq < al the + summāq . In the forms sumaque, zumake after Spanish zumaque, †cumaque. With forms with final -o compare Italian sommaco . Forms with initial sch- or sh- reflect palatalization of /s/ (compare e.g. sure adj.). The U.S. regional forms in -er may reflect folk-etymological alteration after shoemaker n. 1. a. Originally: the fruit (a hairy purplish drupe) of the shrubby tree Rhus coriaria (see sense 2a), used as a flavouring in cooking and (formerly) as an astringent in medicine; a spice made by drying and grinding these fruits. In later use also: the leaves and shoots of R. coriaria, or leaves, shoots, or bark of several other species of the genus Rhus, used in tanning and dyeing, and (formerly) as an astringent in medicine.The use of sumac as a spice is particularly common in Middle Eastern cookery. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > astringent or restringent preparations > [noun] > plant-derived sumac?a1350 hypocistisa1425 balausty?1541 red sanders1553 balaustine1671 simarouba1733 hypocist1751 kino1788 witch hazel1844 tannigen1898 the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > blackening agent > [noun] > dye sumac?a1350 sumac black1580 wood-soot1667 Manchester black1862 azurine1878 chestnut-extract1881 nigrosine1881 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > leather-making materials > [noun] > tannin > tanning solutions sumac?a1350 bark-waterc1440 oozea1450 owser1704 sour1756 souring1777 tan-pickle1820 gambier1853 kassu1862 tan-liquor1882 tan-ooze1901 ?a1350 MS Sloane 5 f. 12 Sumac fructus est cuiusdam arboris..G[allice] & A[nglice] asimac. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 218 Make him a gargarisme wiþ a decoccioun of ro. [= rosin], sumac, balaustiarum. 1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. xvi. f. lxi. To thys intention a decoction of barley, in whyche a lytle of sumach hath been boyled auaileth much, if ye adde there vnto a lytle of Diamoron. 1588 T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia sig. B4 Shoemake..vsed in England for blacke. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Sumach de cuisine, the berrie, or fruit of that shrub, vsed heretofore in stead of salt, especially in sawces; whence, as it seemes, we call it, meat Sumacke, and sawce Sumacke. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Sumac, a Drug used to die in Green; as also in the Preparation of Black Morocco, and other Leather. 1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 181 The Sicilian Shumack is imported in bags. 1864 Chamb. Encycl. VI. 68/1 The tanning of goat-skins..is done by sewing up the skins, and filling the bag with a decoction of shumac in a warm state. 1921 Weekly News Let. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 14 Sept. 6/3 First-grade sumac must contain no berries and less than 25 per cent of stalks. 1963 G. S. Maxwell Navajo Rugs (1973) iii. 32 He tells of native dyes..black from sumac. 2008 BBC Good Food Sept. 145/4 Sumac is a Middle Eastern spice with an intense fruity flavour—you need only a little. b. The dried leaves of any of several North American plants of the genus Rhus, used with, or in place of, tobacco for smoking. Cf. kinnikinnick n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > [noun] > substitutes for tobacco tobacco-docks1599 poke1634 saccacommis1703 kinnikinnick1792 sumac1813 rabbit tobacco1880 pipeweed1896 1813 A. S. de Peyster Miscellanies 23 Sumack, red wood, and such stuff, Too mild, unmixed, to smoke or snuff. 1823 H. Ravelin Lucubrations 351 The fragrance of the Shumach from their [sc. the Sieue Indians'] pipes. 1865 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Daily Sentinel 4 Jan. It appears that some unprincipled scoundrels mix with their tobacco large quantities of sumac. 1953 Eau Claire (Wisconsin) Leader 12 Feb. 13/5 Prehistoric Indians of New Mexico smoked wild tobacco, sumac and other herbs. 2010 Graham (Texas) Leader (Nexis) 17 Dec. The two men smoked a pipe full of chopped tobacco and sumac and talked about the situation. 2. a. Originally: the shrubby tree Rhus coriaria, native to southern Europe, which has pinnate leaves, greenish-white flowers, and hairy purplish fruits. In later use also: any of various other shrubs and small trees of the genus Rhus or closely related genera of the family Anacardiaceae; esp. R. typhina of North America, which is widely cultivated as a garden plant, which has densely hairy twigs and is widely cultivated as an ornamental garden plant. Frequently with distinguishing word.poison sumac, red sumac, stag horn sumac, Venetian sumac, etc.: see the first element. See also mountain sumac n. (a) at mountain n. and adj. Compounds 2d. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > sumacs > [noun] buck's-horna1450 rhus?1541 sumac1548 Venice sumac1597 poisonwood1671 poison tree1676 swamp sumac1722 urushi1727 stag-horn1753 Venetian sumac1755 poison ash1757 ipoh1779 poison sumac1785 ailanthus tree1789 Japan varnish1789 vinegar-plant1797 mountain sumac1813 poison dogwood1814 upas1814 karee1815 fustet1821 taaibos1821 poison elder1822 varnish sumac1822 Japan lacquer1835 tree of heaven1845 anacard1847 smoke plant1856 tanners' sumac1858 swamp dogwood1859 smoke-tree1860 wax-tree1866 wig-sumac1867 wig-tree1867 burnwood1874 vinegar-tree1874 mountain manchineel1884 valley of death tree1888 sugar-bush1900 smoke bush1902 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. F.vj^v Plinie maketh three kyndes of Rhois, of the whiche kyndes I knowe one certaynly, whiche is called of the Poticaries Sumache. 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 115 The Sumach which is vsed for a sauce vnto meates, which som call rede: is the fruyte of the lether Sumach. 1634 W. Wood New Englands Prospect i. v. 16 The Diars Shumach, with more trees there be. 1682 S. Wilson Acct. Province Carolina 18 Sumack growes in great abundance naturally, so undoubtedly would Woad, Madder and Sa-Flower, if planted. 1716 Philos. Trans. 1714–16 (Royal Soc.) 29 364 All these Trifoliate Sumachs grow spontaneously about the fertile Cape of Good Hope. 1767 W. Hanbury Hist. Rise Charitable Found. Church-Langton 183 The New England sumach, being large trees were killed, though they sprung up from the ground afterwards by suckers. 1806 T. Moore Epistles, Odes 286 Yon sumach, whose red berry dips In the gush of the fountain. 1900 H. L. Keeler Our Native Trees 90 The Velvet Sumach is well named, for its twigs and branches are really velvety to the eye and to the touch. 1980 Hunting Ann. 1981 42/2 Here, the berries of black haw, sumac, bittersweet and greenbrier are important even in winter. 2015 Food Chem. 166 179/1 Sumac, Rhus coriaria..a wild edible plant growing in the Mediterranean region, has long been used as a seasoning spice.., and as a souring agent in food recipes. b. With distinguishing word. Any of several plants of other families, typically having pinnate leaves thought to resemble those of sumacs.Some of these plants were formerly placed in the genus Rhus; see for example quots. 1578, 1597.See also mountain sumac n. (b) at mountain n. and adj. Compounds 2d. ΚΠ 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. xii. 672 Rhus syluestris Plinij. Plinies wilde Sumac. 1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1291 Rhus Myrtifolius. Wilde, or Myrtill Sumach. 1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum at Rhus The Myrtle-leaved Sumach..is a plant making a pretty Figure in a Garden. 1897 Eclectic Med. Jrnl. 57 687 This [sc. Ailanthus glandulosa] is the famous ‘tree of heaven’, or Chinese sumac. 1910 C. B. Graves Catal. Flowering Plants & Ferns Connecticut 223 Sorbus americana..Mountain Sumac... Swamps and about ponds or sometimes on dry ledges or in rocky woods. 2005 H. H. Genoways et al. Bats of Jamaica (Special Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ.) 5/1 Common trees of the canopy layer include the..West Indian sumach (Brunellia comocladiifolia)..and alligator wood (Guarea swartzii). Compounds C1. General use as a modifier, as in sumac berry, sumac leaf, sumac tree, etc. ΚΠ 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 58^v The vnripe berries of thys tre are good to be dryed and brused, and put into mete in the stede of sumach berries. 1652 tr. N. Fonteyn Womans Doctour iv. xi. 249 Take..Myrtle seeds, Shumach seeds, of each a dram. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. v. 80/1 The Sumack Tree of Virginia, nicked with nine, or ten leaves on a side like an ash. 1799 J. Smith Acct. Remarkable Occurr. 11 A pouch, which..contained tobacco, killegenico, or dry sumach leaves which they mix with their tobacco. 1833 J. E. Smith Study Bot. (ed. 7) 316 Sumachineæ. Sumach Tribe. 1877 W. Black Green Pastures & Piccadilly xlii, in Examiner 20 Oct. 1326/1 The lake-red of those sumach bushes. 1900 N. Blanchan Nature's Garden 212 Men find that by cutting bits of any sumac root and planting them in good garden soil, strong specimens are secured within a year. 1942 Science 13 Nov. 448/2 A sumac tree 5 inches in diameter at the base and reaching over 20 feet in height..was cut down. 2017 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz.-Mail (Nexis) 15 Oct. 6 a I saw a movement, pointed my binoculars at it, and saw some eastern bluebirds feasting on sumac berries. C2. As a modifier, with reference to the use of sumac in tanning or dyeing, as in sumac tanning, sumac tub, etc. Cf. sumac v. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > [noun] > converting to leather tawing1408 barkingc1440 tewc1440 tanneryc1460 tanning1481 tannage1662 bark-tanning1707 leach1779 sumaching1792 chrome-tanning1882 stocking1883 sumac tanning1932 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > leather-making materials > [adjective] > tanning tanning1827 sumac1932 1735 J. Barrow Dict. Polygraphicum I. at Black The way of dying stuffs, the sumach dye, so as it shall be very lasting. 1813 E. Bancroft Exper. Res. Philos. Permanent Colours (new ed.) II. iii. ii. 198 When the goods are taken out of the sumach liquor, they must be rinced in water. 1845 G. Dodd Brit. Manuf. 5th Ser. 192 The sumach-tubs present a singular appearance when three or four dozen inflated goat-skins are floating about in the contained liquor. 1932 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 20 Feb. 353/1 For ‘light leathers’ used in the arts..sumach tanning is considered superior to any other for durability. 2007 R. Kanigel Faux Real (2010) x. 225 ‘Morocco’ originally meant sumac-tanned goatskin with a characteristic red cast. C3. † sumac black n. Obsolete a black dye prepared from the ground leaves and twigs of sumac. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > blackening agent > [noun] > dye sumac?a1350 sumac black1580 wood-soot1667 Manchester black1862 azurine1878 chestnut-extract1881 nigrosine1881 1580–1 Act 23 Elizabeth I c. 9 in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. 671 That yt shall and maye bee lawfull to dye all manner of galled Blacke Shomacke Blacke alias playne Blacke, wherein no Mather shalbe used as heretofore lawfullye hathe byn done. 1869 E. C. Haserick Secrets Art of Dyeing iii. 97 Sumach Black. 25 pounds of fabric is well boiled in fresh water; then handled through a warm liquid of 20 pounds of sumach. 1893 Sci. Amer. Cycl. Receipts 147/1 Sumac Black. 110 lbs.—Prepare with sumac, 22 lb., overnight, at a boil. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). sumacv. Brit. /ˈs(j)uːmak/, /ˈʃuːmak/, U.S. /ˈsuˌmæk/, /ˈʃuˌmæk/ Forms: see sumac n. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: sumac n. Etymology: < sumac n. Tanning and Dyeing. Now rare. transitive. To soak (hides or cloth) in a solution containing sumac, as part of a tanning or dyeing process. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > colouring > dyeing > dye [verb (transitive)] > processes or techniques to dye in grainc1386 woad1463 madder1464 set1529 to dye in (the) wool, in grain1579 alum1598 rake1778 sumac1792 piece-dye1810 gall1822 dung1824 wince1839 winch1845 overdye1857 top1874 to wet out1882 vat1883 cross-dye1885 paddle1909 premetallize1948 spin-dye1948 society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > work with skins [verb (transitive)] > steep hides lime1561 sumac1792 master1841 pure1842 bate1875 society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > work with skins [verb (transitive)] > convert to leather taw?c1225 tewc1330 barkc1430 tanc1440 sumac1792 1792 C. O'Brien Callico Printers' Assistant II. Of dunging The goods..are then, according to the quality of them, to be sumached, and then snitchelled off, and washed. 1807 A. Aikin & C. R. Aikin Dict. Chem. & Mineral. II. 35/2 The skins intended to be blacked are merely sumached without any previous dyeing. 1870 Eng. Mech. 11 Feb. 534/2 The skins should be well shaved, scoured, and sumaced. 1921 H. G. Bennett Animal Proteins ii. iv. 117 For hat leathers the skins are first soaked, sumached and struck out. 1942 P. I. Smith Princ. & Processes Light Leather Manuf. 250 When the grains are just tanned..they must then be sumached in a paddle or drum. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?a1350v.1792
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sumacn.

Compounds

sumacv.