sumbuln.

Brit.

/ˈsʌmbʌl/,

/ˈsʊmbʊl/, U.S.

/ˈsəmˌbʊl/

Forms: 1700s somboul, 1700s– sumbul, 1800s sambul, 1800s sumbal, 1800s sunbul.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Urdu sumbul, Persian sumbul.

Etymology: < (i) Urdu sumbul, and its etymon (ii) Persian sumbul, both denoting plants with a spiky appearance (especially when dried), including the spikenard < Arabic sunbul (also pronounced sumbul ) spikenard, extended use of sunbul ear (ear n.²), cognate with Hebrew šibboleṯ shibboleth n.Compare French sumbul spikenard (1856 or earlier). Compare the following earlier instance of the Persian word in an English context (in suṃbul al-tīb medicinal spikenard; < Arabic):1715 J. Stevens tr. Hist. Persia 91 Hence also comes the Spikenard, in the Arabik, and Persian call'd Sembul Tib, the sweet scented Stem. Compare also the following earlier example of an isolated borrowing in a description of Persia (transmitted via French), where the word is used to denote a hyacinth (now the usual sense in Persian):1720 E. Lloyd tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia II. vi. 74 Amongst the Flowers that grow, during the Winter-Season, are the white and blew Somboul [Fr. somboul], which is the same Flower with what we call the Hyacinth.

Now somewhat rare.

Any of several plants with aromatic roots, spec. †(a) spikenard, Nardostachys jatamansi (obsolete); (b) musk root, Ferula moschata (formerly F. sumbul). Frequently with distinguishing word. Also: the root of such a plant, spec. that of Ferula moschata; a preparation made from this, used in perfumery and (formerly) medicinally, chiefly as a sedative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > spikenard

nardOE

nardusOE

spike?1529

spikenard1548

sumbul1791

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > medicinal roots > sumbul-root

sumbul1791

musk root1844

sumbul root1844

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > root > specific roots

zedoaryOE

madderOE

setwall?c1225

liquoricec1275

rhubarba1400

ireosc1400

liquorice-racec1400

sage root14..

maple root1523

liquorice-root1530

rhabarbarum1533

orris1545

turmeric1545

cypressc1550

pyrethrum1562

china1582

China root1588

orris root1598

red squill1629

ginseng1654

ague root1676

poke root1687

cassumunar1693

nettle root1707

valerian root1747

belly-ache-root1775

Indian root1775

Turkey rhubarb1789

sumbul1791

serpentaria1803

Honduras sarsaparilla1818

serpentary1837

sang1843

savanilla1856

manaca1866

gelsemium1875

sanguinaria1875

Indian turmeric1890

1791 W. Jones in Asiatick Researches 2 409 The sweet Sumbul is only another denomination of nard.

1835 J. F. Royle Illustr. Bot. Himalayan Mts. (1840) I. 242 Polianthes tuberosa is described as being one of the kinds of Persian Sumbul.

1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. ii. iii. 562 Sumbul is the root of a supposed Umbelliferous plant, which is imported into this country from Bombay and Russia.

1876 Trans. Clin. Soc. 9 97 Valerian and sumbul did him some good.

1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 641/1 Under the name of East Indian sumbal, the root of Dorema ammoniacum, Don., has occasionally been offered in English commerce.

1925 Lancet 14 Mar. 582/1 Many pharmaceutical chemists are now notifying their medical clients that tincture of sumbul is again obtainable.

1980 R. Stark Bk. Aphrodisiacs ii. 160 The root of Sumbul..has been utilized in cases of amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and other female disorders.

Compounds

General use as a modifier, as in sumbul balsam, sumbul oil, sumbul root, etc. [Partly after compounds in German, such as (respectively) Sumbulbalsam (1844 or earlier), Sumbulöl (1854 or earlier), and Sumbulwurzel (1843 or earlier), all in early use with reference to the work of H. Reinsch (compare sumbulolic adj. and sumbulamic adj.) and his collaborator A. Buchner (whose work is translated in quot. 1844). With sumbul root compare also scientific Latin radix sumbul, and variants (1840 as radix sunbul, or earlier), also used by Reinsch and Buchner.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > sedatives, antispasmodics, etc. > [noun] > antispasmodic or anticonvulsant > animal or plant-derived

musk1394

serapinec1400

seraphium1582

fetida1588

sagapenum1597

hing1599

risagon1679

cassumunar1693

sagapen1712

cajuput oil1832

musk root1844

sumbul root1844

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > restoratives, tonics, or stimulants > [noun] > tonic > plant-derived

hypocistisa1425

red sanders1553

sarsaparilla1577

langue de boeuf1615

sarsa1625

zerumbet1640

Winter's cinnamon1673

cascarilla1686

Winteran bark1694

simarouba1733

hypocist1751

Oswego tea1752

yellowroot1755

calumba1789

pipsissewa1793

prince's pine1807

strychnine1819

strychnia1823

false Winter's bark1830

strychnina1838

musk root1844

sumbul root1844

chirayta1847

Cusparia1852

phytin1905

boldo1908

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > medicinal roots > sumbul-root

sumbul1791

musk root1844

sumbul root1844

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > other plant-derived oils

oil de baya1398

oil roseta1400

alkitranc1400

laurinec1400

oil of spicac1400

seed oil1400

rape oil1420

nut-oil?c1425

masticine?1440

oil de rose?1440

oil of myrtine?a1450

gingellya1544

rose oil1552

alchitrean1562

oil of spike1577

oil of ben1594

myrtle oil1601

sesamus1601

sampsuchine1616

oil of walnuts1622

rape1641

oil of rhodium1649

rapeseed oil1652

neroli1676

oil of mace1681

spirit of scurvy-grass1682

beech-oil1716

poppy oil1737

castor oil1746

oil of sassafras1753

orange-peel oil1757

wood-oil1759

bergamot1766

sunflower oil1768

Russia oil1773

oil castor1779

tung-yu1788

poppy-seed oil1799

cocoa butter1801

sassafras oil1801

phulwara1805

oil of wine1807

grass oil1827

oil of marjoram1829

cajuput oil1832

essence of mustarda1834

picamar1835

spurge oil1836

oenanthic ether1837

tea oil1837

capnomor1838

cinnamon-oil1838

oil of mustard1838

orange-flower oil1838

resinein1841

mustard oil1844

myrrhol1845

styrol1845

oenanthol1847

shea butter1847

wintergreen1847

gaultheria oil1848

ginger-grass oil.1849

nutmeg oil1849

pine oil1849

peppermint oil1850

cocoa fat1851

orange oil1853

neem oil1856

poonga oil1857

xanthoxylene1857

crab-oil1858

illupi oil1858

Shanghai oil1861

stand oil1862

mustard-seed oil1863

carap oilc1865

cocum butter or oilc1865

Kurung oil1866

muduga oil1866

pichurim oil1866

serpolet1866

sumbul oil1868

sesame oil1870

niger oil1872

summer yellow1872

olibene1873

patchouli oil1875

pilocarpene1876

styrolene1881

tung oil1881

becuiba tallow1884

soy oil1884

tea-seed oil1884

eucalyptus1885

sage oil1888

hop-oil1889

cotton-seed oil1891

lemon oil1896

palmarosa oil1897

illipe butter1904

hydnocarpus oil1905

tung1911

niger seed oil1917

sun oil1937

vanaspati1949

fennel oil-

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > other plant resins

aloesOE

elemi1543

agila1555

copal1577

lycium1597

aloe wood1599

lignum vitae1611

caraña1616

sticklac1659

guaiacum1663

copaiba1712

copahu1736

hackiac1790

guaiac1811

agar1813

ulmin1817

acouchi1818

helleborin1840

piney resin1851

gurjun1858

icican1865

sumbul balsam1868

amyrin1876

jojoba oil1975

jojoba1989

1844 tr. A. Buchner in Chem. Gaz. 1 Feb. 69 The paper in which a slice of the Sumbul root was folded.

1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 644 Sumbul-oil, a mixture of volatile oils obtained by the distillation of sumbul-balsam.

1875 Curtis's Bot. Mag. 101 6196 The Sumbul plant here described..is remarkable for the fetid, musky, and milky juice of its root.

1960 S. Arctander Perfume & Flavor Materials 603 Sumbul root oil is a very viscous, dark amber to brownish liquid with a warm-woody, orris-like and very faintly musky (‘animal’) type of odor.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sumbul
释义	sumbuln. Brit. /ˈsʌmbʌl/, /ˈsʊmbʊl/, U.S. /ˈsəmˌbʊl/ Forms: 1700s somboul, 1700s– sumbul, 1800s sambul, 1800s sumbal, 1800s sunbul. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Urdu sumbul, Persian sumbul. Etymology: < (i) Urdu sumbul, and its etymon (ii) Persian sumbul, both denoting plants with a spiky appearance (especially when dried), including the spikenard < Arabic sunbul (also pronounced sumbul ) spikenard, extended use of sunbul ear (ear n.²), cognate with Hebrew šibboleṯ shibboleth n.Compare French sumbul spikenard (1856 or earlier). Compare the following earlier instance of the Persian word in an English context (in suṃbul al-tīb medicinal spikenard; < Arabic):1715 J. Stevens tr. Hist. Persia 91 Hence also comes the Spikenard, in the Arabik, and Persian call'd Sembul Tib, the sweet scented Stem. Compare also the following earlier example of an isolated borrowing in a description of Persia (transmitted via French), where the word is used to denote a hyacinth (now the usual sense in Persian):1720 E. Lloyd tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia II. vi. 74 Amongst the Flowers that grow, during the Winter-Season, are the white and blew Somboul [Fr. somboul], which is the same Flower with what we call the Hyacinth. Now somewhat rare. Any of several plants with aromatic roots, spec. †(a) spikenard, Nardostachys jatamansi (obsolete); (b) musk root, Ferula moschata (formerly F. sumbul). Frequently with distinguishing word. Also: the root of such a plant, spec. that of Ferula moschata; a preparation made from this, used in perfumery and (formerly) medicinally, chiefly as a sedative. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > spikenard nardOE nardusOE spike?1529 spikenard1548 sumbul1791 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > medicinal roots > sumbul-root sumbul1791 musk root1844 sumbul root1844 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > root > specific roots zedoaryOE madderOE setwall?c1225 liquoricec1275 rhubarba1400 ireosc1400 liquorice-racec1400 sage root14.. maple root1523 liquorice-root1530 rhabarbarum1533 orris1545 turmeric1545 cypressc1550 pyrethrum1562 china1582 China root1588 orris root1598 red squill1629 ginseng1654 ague root1676 poke root1687 cassumunar1693 nettle root1707 valerian root1747 belly-ache-root1775 Indian root1775 Turkey rhubarb1789 sumbul1791 serpentaria1803 Honduras sarsaparilla1818 serpentary1837 sang1843 savanilla1856 manaca1866 gelsemium1875 sanguinaria1875 Indian turmeric1890 1791 W. Jones in Asiatick Researches 2 409 The sweet Sumbul is only another denomination of nard. 1835 J. F. Royle Illustr. Bot. Himalayan Mts. (1840) I. 242 Polianthes tuberosa is described as being one of the kinds of Persian Sumbul. 1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. ii. iii. 562 Sumbul is the root of a supposed Umbelliferous plant, which is imported into this country from Bombay and Russia. 1876 Trans. Clin. Soc. 9 97 Valerian and sumbul did him some good. 1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 641/1 Under the name of East Indian sumbal, the root of Dorema ammoniacum, Don., has occasionally been offered in English commerce. 1925 Lancet 14 Mar. 582/1 Many pharmaceutical chemists are now notifying their medical clients that tincture of sumbul is again obtainable. 1980 R. Stark Bk. Aphrodisiacs ii. 160 The root of Sumbul..has been utilized in cases of amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and other female disorders. Compounds General use as a modifier, as in sumbul balsam, sumbul oil, sumbul root, etc. [Partly after compounds in German, such as (respectively) Sumbulbalsam (1844 or earlier), Sumbulöl (1854 or earlier), and Sumbulwurzel (1843 or earlier), all in early use with reference to the work of H. Reinsch (compare sumbulolic adj. and sumbulamic adj.) and his collaborator A. Buchner (whose work is translated in quot. 1844). With sumbul root compare also scientific Latin radix sumbul, and variants (1840 as radix sunbul, or earlier), also used by Reinsch and Buchner.] ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > sedatives, antispasmodics, etc. > [noun] > antispasmodic or anticonvulsant > animal or plant-derived musk1394 serapinec1400 seraphium1582 fetida1588 sagapenum1597 hing1599 risagon1679 cassumunar1693 sagapen1712 cajuput oil1832 musk root1844 sumbul root1844 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > restoratives, tonics, or stimulants > [noun] > tonic > plant-derived hypocistisa1425 red sanders1553 sarsaparilla1577 langue de boeuf1615 sarsa1625 zerumbet1640 Winter's cinnamon1673 cascarilla1686 Winteran bark1694 simarouba1733 hypocist1751 Oswego tea1752 yellowroot1755 calumba1789 pipsissewa1793 prince's pine1807 strychnine1819 strychnia1823 false Winter's bark1830 strychnina1838 musk root1844 sumbul root1844 chirayta1847 Cusparia1852 phytin1905 boldo1908 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > medicinal roots > sumbul-root sumbul1791 musk root1844 sumbul root1844 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > other plant-derived oils oil de baya1398 oil roseta1400 alkitranc1400 laurinec1400 oil of spicac1400 seed oil1400 rape oil1420 nut-oil?c1425 masticine?1440 oil de rose?1440 oil of myrtine?a1450 gingellya1544 rose oil1552 alchitrean1562 oil of spike1577 oil of ben1594 myrtle oil1601 sesamus1601 sampsuchine1616 oil of walnuts1622 rape1641 oil of rhodium1649 rapeseed oil1652 neroli1676 oil of mace1681 spirit of scurvy-grass1682 beech-oil1716 poppy oil1737 castor oil1746 oil of sassafras1753 orange-peel oil1757 wood-oil1759 bergamot1766 sunflower oil1768 Russia oil1773 oil castor1779 tung-yu1788 poppy-seed oil1799 cocoa butter1801 sassafras oil1801 phulwara1805 oil of wine1807 grass oil1827 oil of marjoram1829 cajuput oil1832 essence of mustarda1834 picamar1835 spurge oil1836 oenanthic ether1837 tea oil1837 capnomor1838 cinnamon-oil1838 oil of mustard1838 orange-flower oil1838 resinein1841 mustard oil1844 myrrhol1845 styrol1845 oenanthol1847 shea butter1847 wintergreen1847 gaultheria oil1848 ginger-grass oil.1849 nutmeg oil1849 pine oil1849 peppermint oil1850 cocoa fat1851 orange oil1853 neem oil1856 poonga oil1857 xanthoxylene1857 crab-oil1858 illupi oil1858 Shanghai oil1861 stand oil1862 mustard-seed oil1863 carap oilc1865 cocum butter or oilc1865 Kurung oil1866 muduga oil1866 pichurim oil1866 serpolet1866 sumbul oil1868 sesame oil1870 niger oil1872 summer yellow1872 olibene1873 patchouli oil1875 pilocarpene1876 styrolene1881 tung oil1881 becuiba tallow1884 soy oil1884 tea-seed oil1884 eucalyptus1885 sage oil1888 hop-oil1889 cotton-seed oil1891 lemon oil1896 palmarosa oil1897 illipe butter1904 hydnocarpus oil1905 tung1911 niger seed oil1917 sun oil1937 vanaspati1949 fennel oil- society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > other plant resins aloesOE elemi1543 agila1555 copal1577 lycium1597 aloe wood1599 lignum vitae1611 caraña1616 sticklac1659 guaiacum1663 copaiba1712 copahu1736 hackiac1790 guaiac1811 agar1813 ulmin1817 acouchi1818 helleborin1840 piney resin1851 gurjun1858 icican1865 sumbul balsam1868 amyrin1876 jojoba oil1975 jojoba1989 1844 tr. A. Buchner in Chem. Gaz. 1 Feb. 69 The paper in which a slice of the Sumbul root was folded. 1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 644 Sumbul-oil, a mixture of volatile oils obtained by the distillation of sumbul-balsam. 1875 Curtis's Bot. Mag. 101 6196 The Sumbul plant here described..is remarkable for the fetid, musky, and milky juice of its root. 1960 S. Arctander Perfume & Flavor Materials 603 Sumbul root oil is a very viscous, dark amber to brownish liquid with a warm-woody, orris-like and very faintly musky (‘animal’) type of odor. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1791
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