† summagen.

Forms: late Middle English–1500s sommage, late Middle English 1600s 1800s summage, 1600s sumage.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French summage; Latin summagium.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman summage, Anglo-Norman and Middle French sommage (compare Old French sommaige , soumage , Old French, Middle French somaige ; French (now historical) sommage ) baggage train (late 12th cent. in Old French), load, act of loading (both 13th cent. or earlier), baggage (14th cent. or earlier), and its probable etymon (ii) post-classical Latin summagium (also sumagium) payment for carriage or transport, especially by packhorse (frequently from 1086 in British sources), beast of burden, packhorse, team of such animals, baggage train (frequently from early 12th cent. in British sources), load, burden (frequently from early 13th cent. in British sources), variant (compare discussion at -age suffix) of an unattested post-classical Latin form *sagmaticum (compare post-classical Latin saumaticum team of beasts of burden (9th cent.), saumaticus payment for carriage or transport, especially by packhorse (9th cent.), sagmegium carriage on horseback (11th cent.)) < sagma (see sum n.²) + -aticum -age suffix.

Obsolete (historical in later use).

1. A feudal service by which a tenant is obliged to provide carriage of goods by packhorse for a lord; a payment made in lieu of this service.The sense ‘a toll payable for carriage on horseback’ given in the following quotation, and sometimes transmitted in later dictionaries, including N.E.D. (1917), is based on a misunderstanding by Cowell of his sources:

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Rrr2^v/1 Sumage (Sumagium) seemeth to be tolle for cariage on horseback.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > duty on transport of goods > [noun] > on horseback

summagea1475

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 665 Vtterly quyte fro shires and hundredis,..and workes of Castels and howses,..of summage and cariage.

1663 F. Philipps Antiq. Præ-emption & Pourveyance for King viii. 421 Royal Progenitors have abundantly furnished diverse Abbies & Religious houses with priviledges to be free of Carriage by Carts, Summage upon horses de Thesauro ducendo.

1829 J. Webb Ess. Abbey Gloucester 1 They were quit of carriage, summage and conduct, king's tallage, and all royal works and unjust exactions.

1867 W. H. Hart Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucestriae (1867) III. Introd. p. xxii Their land was to be free from toll, carriage, summage [etc.].

2. Baggage; a load carried by a pack animal, esp. a horse.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [noun] > conveyance by pack-animals > load carried by animal

seamc950

horse-chargec1350

soum1397

saddlecharge?a1500

horseloadc1500

summagec1500

fare1599

c1500 Melusine (1895) 143 He made to abyde in the valey all the sommage.

a1664 T. Widdrington Analecta Eboracensia (1897) 251 To receive..of every summage of horse carrying fish, a pennyworth of fish.

1863 Law Mag. & Law Rev. 15 299 It had been arranged that the tenants should give..for every summage or horse load, one penny.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	summage
释义	† summagen. Forms: late Middle English–1500s sommage, late Middle English 1600s 1800s summage, 1600s sumage. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French summage; Latin summagium. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman summage, Anglo-Norman and Middle French sommage (compare Old French sommaige , soumage , Old French, Middle French somaige ; French (now historical) sommage ) baggage train (late 12th cent. in Old French), load, act of loading (both 13th cent. or earlier), baggage (14th cent. or earlier), and its probable etymon (ii) post-classical Latin summagium (also sumagium) payment for carriage or transport, especially by packhorse (frequently from 1086 in British sources), beast of burden, packhorse, team of such animals, baggage train (frequently from early 12th cent. in British sources), load, burden (frequently from early 13th cent. in British sources), variant (compare discussion at -age suffix) of an unattested post-classical Latin form sagmaticum (compare post-classical Latin saumaticum* team of beasts of burden (9th cent.), saumaticus payment for carriage or transport, especially by packhorse (9th cent.), sagmegium carriage on horseback (11th cent.)) < sagma (see sum n.²) + -aticum -age suffix. Obsolete (historical in later use). 1. A feudal service by which a tenant is obliged to provide carriage of goods by packhorse for a lord; a payment made in lieu of this service.The sense ‘a toll payable for carriage on horseback’ given in the following quotation, and sometimes transmitted in later dictionaries, including N.E.D. (1917), is based on a misunderstanding by Cowell of his sources: 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Rrr2^v/1 Sumage (Sumagium) seemeth to be tolle for cariage on horseback. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > duty on transport of goods > [noun] > on horseback summagea1475 a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 665 Vtterly quyte fro shires and hundredis,..and workes of Castels and howses,..of summage and cariage. 1663 F. Philipps Antiq. Præ-emption & Pourveyance for King viii. 421 Royal Progenitors have abundantly furnished diverse Abbies & Religious houses with priviledges to be free of Carriage by Carts, Summage upon horses de Thesauro ducendo. 1829 J. Webb Ess. Abbey Gloucester 1 They were quit of carriage, summage and conduct, king's tallage, and all royal works and unjust exactions. 1867 W. H. Hart Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucestriae (1867) III. Introd. p. xxii Their land was to be free from toll, carriage, summage [etc.]. 2. Baggage; a load carried by a pack animal, esp. a horse. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [noun] > conveyance by pack-animals > load carried by animal seamc950 horse-chargec1350 soum1397 saddlecharge?a1500 horseloadc1500 summagec1500 fare1599 c1500 Melusine (1895) 143 He made to abyde in the valey all the sommage. a1664 T. Widdrington Analecta Eboracensia (1897) 251 To receive..of every summage of horse carrying fish, a pennyworth of fish. 1863 Law Mag. & Law Rev. 15 299 It had been arranged that the tenants should give..for every summage or horse load, one penny. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1475
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