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单词 board
释义

boardn.

Brit. /bɔːd/, U.S. /bɔrd/
Forms: Old English–1600s bord, (Middle English–1500s borde), Middle English–1600s boord, (Middle English–1500s boorde, bourde, 1500s–1600s bourd, 1500s boarde), 1500s– board; northernMiddle English–1700s burd, Middle English–1600s burde, Middle English Scottish buird, 1500s– Scottish brod: cf. bred n.
Etymology: A word or agglomeration of words of complicated history, representing two originally distinct nouns, already blended in Old English, and subsequently reinforced in Middle English by French uses of one of them, and possibly by Scandinavian uses of one or both. (1) Old English had bord 1 neuter ‘board, plank, shield, ? table’, a Common Germanic strong neuter noun, = Old Frisian and Old Saxon bord (Middle Dutch bort, -de , Dutch boord ‘board’, bord ‘shelf, plate, trencher’), Middle High German and modern German bort ‘board’, Gothic baurd in fotubaurd ‘foot-stool’, Old Norse borð ‘board, plank, table, maintenance at table’ (Swedish and Danish bord table) < Germanic *bord-o(m , representing an Aryan *bhṛdhom , Sanskrit *bṛdham : see bred n. (2) Old English had bord 2 ‘border, rim, side, ship's side’, especially in phrases innan , utan bordes , also a Common Germanic noun, originally strong masculine but often also (by confusion with bord 1) neuter: compare Old Saxon bord (masculine) (? neuter), Middle Dutch bort , boort -de , Dutch boord (masculine), ‘border, edge, ship's side’, Old High German, Middle High German bort (masculine), modern German bord (masculine) (and neuter) ‘margin, border, ship-board’, Old Norse borð neuter ‘margin, shore, ship-board’ (Swedish, Danish bord ‘ship-board’) < Germanic *bord-oz side, border, rim. (3) Relationship between these two words is uncertain: Franck suggests that bord 2 is a participial form from verbal root ber- to raise, representing an Aryan *bhṛtós ‘raised, made projecting’. But the two were associated and confused at an early date: in most of the Germanic languages, some of the senses of the masculine word, in Old Norse and perhaps in Old English all of them, have gone over to the neuter. It is certain that the sense ‘side or board of a ship’ belongs to bord 2; so probably did that of ‘shield’, the original sense being ‘rim, limb, or border of the shield’; the sense ‘table’ is doubtful. (4) The West Germanic bord 2 masculine ‘border, edge, coast, side, ship's side’ was adopted in Romanic, giving medieval Latin bordus , Italian bordo , Spanish bordo , Portuguese bordo , French bord . In the Middle English period, and subsequently, the French use of the word has in return greatly influenced the English, so that certain modern uses and phrases of board are really from French. It is also possible that the development in Middle English was in some points (see branch II.) due to Scandinavian uses.
I. A board of wood or other substance. [Old English bord1 < Germanic bordo(m.]
1.
a. A piece of timber sawn thin, and having considerable extent of surface; usually a rectangular piece of much greater length than breadth; a thin plank. Rarely used without the article, as in made of board, i.e. of thin wood.Technically, board is distinguished from plank by its thinness: it ought to be more than 4 inches in width, and not more than 2½ in thickness, but is generally much thinner.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > board or plank
boardc1000
plank1294
shingle-boardc1300
shotboard1310
planch1344
plancher1408
theal1517
broad1535
brod1643
mahogany plank1739
shingle1825
c1000 Ælfric Genesis vi. 14 Wirc ðe nu ænne arc of aheawenum bordum.
c1300 K. Alis. 6415 Al so hit weore an oken bord.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xii. 239 He shop þe ship of shides and of bordes.
c1440 York Myst. viii. 97 To hewe þis burde I wyll begynne.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 126 Fyre all cleir Soyn throu the thik burd can appeir.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Zeph. ii. 14 Bordes of Cedre.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. iii. 21 Ships are but boordes . View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) Acts xxvii. 44 Some on boords, and some on broken pieces of the ship. View more context for this quotation
1661 S. Partridge Descr. Double Scale Proportion 36 A plain Superficies, as a Board or Plank.
1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 17 May (1965) I. 355 Cover'd..with boards to keep out the rain.
1798 R. Southey Ballad of Cross Roads 25 They carried her upon a board In the clothes in which she died.
1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 495 The cheeks never muve, nae mair than gin they were broads.
1881 Mechanic 50. §146 Floor boards are, or ought to be, an inch in thickness. Boards are generally distinguished as ‘half-inch board’, ‘three-quarter board’, etc.
b. A flat slab of wood fitted for various purposes, indicated either contextually, or by some word prefixed, as ironing-board, knife-board, etc., the backing, burnishing, cutting, gilding boards, used by bookbinders, etc., the bare boards (of a floor). Also spec. = surfboard n., esp. in attributive uses. So back-board n., etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > condition of being broad in relation to thickness > [noun] > object > of wood
planka1450
trencher?c1510
board1552
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > surfing > [noun] > surfboard
board1784
plank1784
surfboard1798
stick1961
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > baker's equipment > bread or pastry board
pennybred?c1300
moulding board1327
pastry board1442
pasteboard1452
bakbrade1457
bred1538
bakeboard1545
panel1612
pie board1691
breadboard1761
board1845
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > board or plank > for building > for flooring
planch-board1358
plank board1444
floorboarding1750
floorboard1843
board1864
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Bourde or shelf whervpon pottes are sette.
1784 J. King Cook's Voy. Pacific III. v. vii. 146 Twenty or thirty of the natives [of the Sandwich Islands], taking each a long narrow board, rounded at the ends, set out together from the shore.
1784 J. King Cook's Voy. Pacific III. v. vii. 146 As soon as they have gained..the smooth water beyond the surf, they lay themselves at length on their board, and..place themselves on the summit of the largest surge, by which they are driven along with amazing rapidity toward the shore.
a1837 G. Kennedy Anna Ross (1838) 144 Lying on a board to keep her figure straight.
1845 E. Acton Mod. Cookery xvi. 404 Dust a little flour over the board and paste-roller.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Grandmother xx, in Enoch Arden, etc. 124 Pattering over the boards, she comes and goes at her will.
1866 ‘Holme Lee’ Silver Age 128 Laces fresh from the ironing-board.
1898 J. A. Owen Story Hawaii iii. 81 Surf-riding on boards is still much practised.
1962 Austral. Women's Weekly Suppl. 24 Oct. 3/1 Special sections of most beaches are now reserved for board-riders.
1963 Observer 13 Oct. 15/6 I hate to think of the next kid that gets stoked on board riding..and wins a world championship and nobody even knows him.
1966 Weekly News (N.Z.) 19 Jan. 10/4 Lyall Bay..has a regular and well-shaped wave suitable for both swimmer and board rider.
c. spec. in plural. The stage of a theatre; hence in various phrases. Cf. stage n. and tread v. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > stage > [noun]
scaffoldc1405
stage1551
theatre1589
board1768
greenage1836
greengage1931
main stage1950
1768 A. Murphy Let. 14 Mar. in D. Garrick Private Corr. (1831) I. 291 Mrs. Yates would have died on the boards sooner than have served me in that manner.
1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1776 II. 36 [Garrick:] The most vulgar ruffian that ever went upon boards.
1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 120 To gain a footing upon the theatrical boards.
1838 C. Dickens Mem. Grimaldi I. i. 9 He was brought out by his father on the boards of Old Drury.
1883 Fortn. Rev. 470 One of the most honest actors that ever trod the boards.
1948 W. S. Maugham Catalina xxxii. 220 Nor must you think that you demean yourself by treading the boards.
2.
a. A tablet or extended surface of wood, whether formed of a single wide board, or of several united at the edges.Used e.g. for educational purposes (black board), for stretching paper on in drawing, for moulding, for modelling, for kneading or making pastry on (bake-board, paste-board), for arithmetical calculations (see abacus n.), for reflecting or reinforcing sound (sounding-board), for standing on (foot-board), for springing or diving from (spring-board, diving-board), for temporarily closing an aperture, chimney-place, window, etc., etc. Also extended to tablets of other material, e.g. papier-maché, similarly used.
b. esp. (= noticeboard n.) A tablet upon which public notices and intimations are written, or to which they are affixed. to keep one's name on the boards: to remain a member of a college (at Cambridge).
ΘΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing > noticeboard
boarda1400
noticeboard1819
screen1827
bulletin-board1831
billboard1851
noticeboard1851
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 16684 Abouen his hed..a bord was made fast Þeronne was þe titel writen.
c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 186 A burde hung us biforn..nowther of yren, ne of tre.
1566 J. Knox Hist. Reformation in Wks. (1846) I. 227 Compelled to kyss a paynted brod (which thei called ‘Nostre Dame’).
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §145 The strings of a Lute..do give a far greater Sound, by reason of the Knot and Board, and Concave underneath.
1692 J. Washington tr. J. Milton Def. People Eng. vii. 168 Go on, why do you take away the Board [L. abacum]? Do you not understand Progression in Arithmetick?
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess ii. 27 Which [statutes] hastily subscribed, We enter'd on the boards.
1870 F. R. Wilson Archit. Surv. Churches Lindisfarne 100 On a board amidst the firs..is a second notification.
1885 Free Ch. Coll. Cal. 21 The matriculation takes place in the Senate Hall at times indicated on the Board at the gate.
c. spec. The tablet or frame on which some games are played, as chessboard, draught-board, bagatelle-board, backgammon-board; the frame used for scoring at cribbage. Also, the target in the game of darts. Often figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > [noun] > board
playing boarda1398
tablea1398
playing table1468
board1474
game board1826
pegboard1846
gaming board1932
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > darts > [noun] > target
dartboard1853
board1936
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) i. iii. 14 The maner of the table of the chesse borde.
1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 63 They will play away King, Queen..Pawnes, and all, before they will turne up the board.
1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xv. 497 There is scarce any thing but pawns left upon the board.
1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village I. 229 I cannot help suspecting that, board for board, we cribbage-players are as well amused as they [chess-players].
1880 B. Disraeli Endymion I. viii. 68 The Tories..were swept off the board.
1936 R. Croft-Cooke Darts ii. 10 However boards may vary in size, in the arrangement of double spaces, the numbers are always placed in the same order.
1940 N. Marsh Death at Bar ii. 28 Cubitt hurled his last dart at the board.
1940 N. Marsh Death at Bar ii. 31 If you'll stretch your hand out flat on the board I'll outline it with darts.
1969 Punch 25 Nov. 808/2 I am the man who gets a double 20 with his opening dart, then never again even reaches the board.
d. Australian and New Zealand. (See quots. 1890, 1941.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > sheep-shearing > [noun] > station of shearer
board1878
stand1888
1857 R. B. Paul Lett. from Canterbury vi. 90 A tarpaulin or a few boards to shear on.]
1878 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Ups & Downs vii. 74 Next year I hope we shall have fifty thousand to shear, and..I don't see why there shouldn't be a hundred thousand on the board before you sell out.
1890 Chambers's Jrnl. 17 May 310/2 Down each side [of the Australian woolshed] is a clear space some ten feet in width, technically known as ‘the board’. Here the shearers work.
1925 R. Rees Lake of Enchantment viii. 113 The shed hands with brooms [swept] the ‘board’ clear.
1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 11 Board, the floor of a shearing shed; the whole number of shearers employed in a single shearing shed.
1956 G. Bowen Wool Away! (ed. 2) vii. 96 If a ‘sheepo’ wants to stay popular with the board of shearers he will be fair at all times.
e. across the board: see across the board adv. and adj.
3.
a. A kind of thick stiff paper; a substance formed by pasting or squeezing layers of paper together; usually in combinations, as pasteboard, cardboard, mill-board, Bristol board, perforated board.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > materials made from paper or pulp > [noun] > pasteboard
paste1549
paperboard1552
pasteboard1562
pasted paper1570
board1660
Bristol-board1809
1660 Act 12 Chas. II iv. Sched. Boards vocat. Pastboards for bookes.
b. In plural, playing-cards. slang.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [noun]
card1463
playing card1480
carte1497
bookc1575
charta1680
broad1789
flat1819
pasteboard1840
paper1842
painted mischief1879
boards1923
1923 S. T. Felstead Underworld of London i. 11 The..steward [at the Cardsharpers' Club] is a well-known criminal famous for his skill with the ‘boards’.
1927 E. Wallace Mixer i. 7 The greatest and most amazingly clever card-sharp that ever handled the ‘boards’.
4. Bookbinding. Rectangular pieces of strong pasteboard used for the covers of books. A book in boards has these only covered with paper; if they are covered with cloth it is in cloth boards; if with leather, parchment, or the like, the book is bound. Formerly (still occasionally) the boards were of thin wood, as ‘an ancient tome in oaken boards’.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > parts of book > [noun] > cover > boards
pasteboard1511
board1533
cloth-board1832
end-boardc1860
1533 T. More Apol. iv, in Wks. 850/2 I wil be bounden to eate it, though the booke be bounden in boardes.
1533–4 Act 25 Hen. VIII xv. §1 Printed bookes..bounde in bourdes, some in lether, and some in parchement.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) (colophon) f. xxxvii*v [To] sell this present booke..bounde in paste or in boordes.
1790 W. Scott in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Sir W. Scott (1839) I. 233 The bookseller..had not one in boards.
1832 Athenæum No. 241. 375 Published in a neat pocket volume, cloth boards.
1852 Househ. Words 6 290 A little drab volume in boards.
1883 Fortn. Rev. Apr. 495 In the case of really good books, ‘boards’ should always be regarded as temporary inadequate coverings.
II. A table. [A doubtful sense of Old English bord; but common already in 12th cent. Compare Old Norse borð , used also as in sense 7, Swedish, Danish bord.]
†5.
a. gen. A table. Obsolete (except in specific senses.)
ΘΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun]
boarda1000
beodc1000
throckOE
tablec1330
stool1519
taffel1552
magazine table1966
a1000 Ags. Ps. lxviii[ix]. 23 Geweorþe bord oððe mese [L. mensa] heora beforan him.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14733 Iesus..þair bordes ouerkest, þair penis spilt.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 57 Þe auteris of Crist are maad þe bordis of chaungis.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 280 Scho gert graith wp a burd..Wyth carpettis cled.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1657 There were bordis full bright..of Sedur tre fyn.
1771 P. Parsons Newmarket II. 24 That board of green cloth, the billiard-table.
b. [With the following compare also sense 2c] above board: open, openly, in the sight of all the company; see above board adv. and adj. Similarly †under board: secretly, deceptively (obsolete).
ΘΠ
society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > openness or unconcealedness > [adverb]
barelyc950
beforeOE
openlyOE
nakedly?c1225
in a person's bearda1250
opelyc1275
apertly1297
commonlya1325
opena1325
overtlyc1325
pertlya1375
plainc1380
in (also on) opena1382
in apertc1384
plainlyc1390
in open (also general) audiencea1393
aperta1400
in commonaltya1400
outa1400
without laina1400
in commonc1400
publishlyc1400
pertc1410
in publicc1429
on higha1450
in pert1453
to a person's facea1470
into heightc1480
forthward?1504
but hidel?1507
publicly1534
uncolouredly1561
roundly1563
famously1570
vulgarly1602
above board1603
round1604
displayedly1611
on (also upon) the square?1611
undisguisedly1611
broadly1624
discoveredly1659
unveiledly1661
under a person's nose1670
manifestly1711
before faces1762
publically1797
overboard1834
unashamedly1905
upfront1972
1603 C. Heydon Def. Iudiciall Astrol. ii. 67 After the fashion of iugglers, to occupie the minde of the spectatour, while in the meane time he plaies vnder board.
1623 R. Carpenter Conscionable Christian 118 All his dealings are square and above the boord.
1680 W. de Britaine Humane Prudence xx. 65 Keep Formality above Board, but Prudence and Wisdom under Deck.
1841 L. Hunt Seer (1864) ii. 61 All..was open and above-board.
c. to sweep the board (at cards): to take all the cards, to pocket all the stakes. Also often transferred and figurative, to carry off all the stakes or prizes; hence, to carry off all the honours.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play at cards [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics > win points or tricks
rub1600
to sweep the board1680
vole1733
slam1833
make1879
sweat1907
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > succeed or be a success [verb (intransitive)] > win > all
to sweep the board1882
to scoop the kitty (or pool)1916
1680 Cotton in Singer Researches Hist. Playing Cards (1816) 346 He who hath five cards of a suit..sweeps the board.
1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) iii. 22 Spadillio first..Led off two captive Trumps, and swept the Board.
1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel II. x. 238 'Tis the sitting gamester sweeps the board.
1882 H. Smart in Li-quor Christmas Ann. ii. 7/1 We have swept the board so far [in racing].
1884 Livestock Jrnl. 25 July 83/3 Mr. Parry Thomas swept the board in Any Variety Sheep-dogs with his Sir Guy and Welsh Boy.
1905 E. W. Hornung Thief in Night 256 The bloated Guillemard usually sweeps the board with his fancy flyers [sc. horses].
6. spec.
a. A table used for meals; now, always, a table spread for a repast. Chiefly poetical, except in certain phrases, esp. in association with bed to denote domestic relations; see bed n. 1c. See also God's board n. at god n. and int. Compounds 2c. †to begin the board: to take precedence at table.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > amounts of food > [noun] > table of food
boardc1200
tea-table1688
set-out1809
cold table1955
society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > altar > [noun] > communion table
altarOE
God's boarda1200
boardc1200
communion table1549
table1550
communion board1553
altela1555
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > feasting > feast [verb (intransitive)] > preside at feast
to begin the dais1297
to begin the boardc1405
to begin the board, daisc1405
preside1709
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > honour > be honoured [verb (intransitive)] > take precedence > at table
to begin the boardc1405
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun] > dining table
meat-boardc1275
tablec1330
meat-table1381
dining table1553
board1606
dinner table1785
mahogany1837
trough1930
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 93 Mi bord is maked. Cumeð to borde.
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 167 Hwen gredi hundes stondeð biuore þe bord.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 52 Ful ofte tyme he hadde the bord bigonne.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (1879) 259 Afor mete, whenne the bordes er sette and made redye.
c1450 Sir Beues (1887) 1957 Palmer, thou semest best to me..Begyn the borde, I the pray.
1484 in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 162 Here I take the, Margaret, to my hanfest wif, to hold and to have, at bed and at burd.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Di With humble and reuerent loue, go to the borde of god.
1553 Primer in Liturgies Edw. VI (1844) 375 Pray we to God the Almighty Lord..To send his blessing on this board.
1561 J. Hollybush tr. H. Brunschwig Most Excellent Homish Apothecarye f. 27 And when thou wilt ryse from the borde or supper.
1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 38 Inviting a friend to his bourd.
1636 D. Featley Clavis Mystica 340 To present ourselves at the Lord's board.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles ii. xvii. 60 Gleaming o'er the social board.
1861 A. Trollope Orley Farm (1862) I. viii. 62 He looked at the banquet which was spread upon his board.
1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) III. xi. 12 The wife whom he had once driven away from his hearth and board.
b. ? A wooden tray. (Cf. sense 2.)
ΘΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > box > [noun] > tray
tray10..
board?c1475
trug1599
losseta1650
backet1756
?c1475 Sqr. lowe Degre 464 There he them warned..To take up the bordes everychone..Full lowe he set hym on his kne, And voyded his borde full gentely.
7. transferred.
a. Food served at the table; daily meals provided in a lodging or boarding-house according to stipulation; the supply of daily provisions; entertainment. Often joined with bed or lodging.[Cf. Old Norse vera á borði með to be at board with.]
ΘΠ
the world > food and drink > food > supply of food or provisions > [noun] > board
boardc1386
mangeryc1400
diet1455
table-board1860
c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 464 Sche wolde suffre him no thing for to pay For bord ne clothing.
1465 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 303 He payth for hys borde wykely xx d.
1466 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 211 For v. mennes bord..ijs. xd.
1574 Brieff Disc. Troubles Franckford p. cxlv In a great deale off dett..for their necessary bourde.
1636–46 J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) Pref. 26 Till I suld see how his burd suld be payit.
1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 47 Let them find their own board.
b. The condition of boarding at another's house.
ΘΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [noun] > at a charge
boarding1530
board1632
summer boarding1823
1632 P. Massinger & N. Field Fatall Dowry iv. sig. Hv Young Ladies appeare, as if they came from boord last weeke out of the country.
a1658 J. Cleveland Clievelandi Vindiciæ (1677) 29 Or break up House, like an expensive Lord, That gives his Purse a Sob, and lives at Board.
8.
a. A table at which a council is held; hence, a meeting of such a council round the table.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > [noun] > table at which
board1576
council-table1621
1576 F. Thynne Let. 13 Mar. in Animaduersions (1875) p. liii Called before the highe boorde of thee counsell.
a1674 Earl of Clarendon Hist. Rebellion (1702) i. 48 Well acquainted with the affairs of the Kingdom, and better versed in those abroad, than any other who sat then at that Board.
1702 London Gaz. No. 3840/1 One of the Clerks of Her Majesty's Board of Green-Cloth.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth i, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 5 Taking a place at the council board.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 443 The new King..took his place at the head of the board.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 75 His gloomy looks showed how little he was pleased with what had passed at the board.
b. Hence: The company of persons who meet at a council-table; the recognized word for a body of persons officially constituted for the transaction or superintendence of some particular business, indicated by the full title, as Board of Control (spec. a board of six members established by Pitt in 1784 for the supervision of the East India Company in the government of British India; abolished in 1858), Board of Trade, Board of Commissioners, Board of Directors, Board of Guardians, Local (Government) Board, Sanitary Board.See also school board n.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > board
tablea1572
board1623
council1682
supervisory board1839
management board1948
board-room1959
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. i. 79 The Honourable Boord of Councell. View more context for this quotation
1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia sig. B3 In the ordinary course of the board.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 478. ⁋14 I would propose that there be a board of directors.
1780 E. Burke Speech Oeconomical Reformation 73 We want no instruction from boards of trade, or from any other board.
1796 (title) Report of the Board of Health, at the first annual Meeting, May 27.
1804 Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 1 1168 By command of the Master General and Board of Ordnance.
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. ii. 22 ‘Bow to the board,’ said Bumble. Oliver..seeing no board but the table, fortunately bowed to that.
1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. viii. 497 Correspondence between the Board of Controul and the Crown.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 195 The treasurer had been succeeded by a board, of which a Papist was the head.
1853 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 127 1170 The President of the Board of Control.
1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. iii. ix. 732 It is carried into execution by local Boards.
c. U.S. (a) The stock exchange; also attributive; big board (colloquial), spec. the New York Stock Exchange or a quotation board for securities listed there; (b) (See quot. 1909.)
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > stock exchange > specific
Britain's Burse1570
Exchange Alley1706
house1814
board1837
bourse1845
Throgmorton Street1891
Amex1953
LME1957
LIFFE1982
Nikkei exchange1987
Alternative Investment Market1994
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > committee
committee1566
leet1665
board1909
1837 Hennepin (Illinois) Jrnl. 26 Oct. 1/4 The sales of specie to-day, at the Board, were $1,700 in American gold.
1905 Daily Chron. 28 Apr. 4/4 None of the ‘board members’—as the Stock Exchange men are called—ever appears on the kerb... While fortunes are made and lost on the kerb, it does not seem so serious a business as ‘on the board’.
1909 Daily Chron. 3 May 4/6 A ‘board’ appears to be a ‘committee’ in the United States, while their word committee is applied to what we should call a board.
1929 Times 30 Oct. 14/1 Just before the close of the market on the ‘big board’.
1969 Daily Tel. 6 Feb. 3/6 The New York Stock Exchange, known as the ‘big board’, does about twice the amount of business, but is less speculative than the American Stock Exchange.
9. Any piece of furniture resembling a table; with various defining words, as dressing board a dresser, sideboard a side table; also, the platform on which tailors sit while sewing, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun] > piece of furniture resembling
board1400
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > [noun] > place > board
shop board1580
panel1612
sewing-brod1790
board1807
1400 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 260 Unum platyngborde..vj. brade bordes beste in domo.
1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) 68 Every messe that commeth from the dressing bourd.
1807 G. Crabbe Parish Reg. ii, in Poems 76 By trade a Tailor..again he'd mount the Board.
III. A shield. [Old English bord2: if originally ‘border’ or ‘rim’.]
†10. A shield. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun]
shieldc825
boardOE
randOE
targe1297
rowelc1330
aegisc1425
scutcheon1600
disc1791
OE Cynewulf Elene 114 Þær wæs borda gebrec ond beorna geþrec.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4630 His gold-ileired bord [c1300 Otho his sceald briþte].
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 457 Content he wes..On fit to fecht withoutin ony hors, Doublet alane, withoutin ony bourd.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5827 He hit hym so hetturly..on the shild, þat he breke þurgh the burd.
IV. A border, side, coast. [Old English bord2; lost in Middle English and replaced by French bord.]
11. The border or side of anything; a hem; an edge; a coast. Obsolete except in board seaboard, sea-coast.
ΘΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > [noun]
brerdc1000
hemc1200
barmc1340
cantc1375
margina1382
boardc1400
borderc1400
brinkc1420
edgea1450
verge1459
brim1525
rind1530
margent1538
abuttal1545
marge1551
skirt1566
lip1592
skirt1598
limb1704
phylactery1715
rim1745
rand1829
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Sw.) Pref. 2 Hu hi..sibbe innan bordes gehioldon..and hu mon utan bordes..lare hider on lond sohte.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 159 Spures vnder, Of bryȝt golde, vpon silk bordes.
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 149 In other place a borde of hem [plants] let make.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xi. ii. 36 Twa robbys..Of rych purpour and styf burd of gold.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 369 Out of Denmark be se burd mony myle.
c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 34 The approaches..should be..carryed to the board of the counterscarp.
1874 J. P. Mahaffy Social Life Greece viii. 243 To venture down from the hill forts to the sea board.
V. A ship's side. [Old English bord2: reinforced by Old French bord, and perhaps by Old Norse borð, Danish bord.]
12. Nautical.
a. The side of a ship. (See aboard adv. and prep.) Now only in phrases, as within board, without board; over (the) board, over the ship's side, out of the ship, into the sea; weather-board (see quot.). (See also the following, and cf. larboard n. and adj., starboard n., adj., and adv., etc.)
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [phrase] > on board ship > not
without boardOE
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [phrase] > on outside of ship
without boardOE
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > side(s) of vessel > [noun]
boardOE
sideOE
shipboardc1200
broadside1591
beama1665
society > travel > travel by water > [phrase] > on board ship
within board?a1400
a shipboard1488
on board1688
of shipboard1840
society > travel > travel by water > [phrase] > on board ship > over the side of a ship
over (the) boardc1430
by the board1630
OE Genesis 1354 Þa beutan beoð earce bordum.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 761 Ne cume ȝe neauer wi[ð]-vten scipes bord.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 1699 Broghte us..to Bretayne..with-in [s]chippe-burdez.
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 211 Berez me [Jonah] to þe borde & baþeþes me þer-oute.
c1420 Chron. Vilod. 867 Fast by þe shippus bord.
c1430 Syr Gener. 364 Shuld cast hem ouer the ship bord.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1816) II. 328 They came within board.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) 478 Huon..stode lenynge ouer the shyppe bord beholding the see.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iii. x. 21 And within burd hess brocht That faithful Greik.
1630 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime (new ed.) v. 38 They..brought vs from the Prow to the board of the Gally to helpe them in rowing.
1652 T. Froysell Gale of Opportunity 31 The Marriners they cast him over Ship-board.
1829 F. Marryat Naval Officer I. x. 293 I..kept..my anger within board.
1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 160 Without-board, without the ship. Within-board, within the ship.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Weather-board, that side of the ship which is to windward.
b. by the board: (down) by the ship's side, overboard, as to slip by the board: ‘to slip down a ship's side’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.). to come, go, etc. by the board: to fall overboard, to go for good and all, to be ‘carried away’. to try by the board: to try boarding. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [phrase] > on board ship > over the side of a ship
over (the) boardc1430
by the board1630
the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > be non-existent [verb (intransitive)] > end or cease to exist
tirec725
endOE
forfareOE
goc1175
fleec1200
to wend awayc1225
diea1240
to-melta1240
to pass awaya1325
flit1340
perishc1350
vanisha1375
decorre1377
cease1382
dispend1393
failc1400
overshakec1425
surcease1439
adrawc1450
fall1523
decease1538
define1562
fleet1576
expire1595
evanish1597
extinguish1599
extirp1606
disappear1623
evaporatea1631
trans-shift1648
annihilate1656
exolve1657
cancela1667
to pass off1699
to burn out, forth1832
spark1845
to die out1853
to come, go, etc. by the board1859
sputter1964
1630 J. Taylor Wks. iii. 40/1 In this fight their Reare-Admirals Maine Mast was shot by the boord.
1666 London Gaz. No. 60/3 Our Main-stay, and our Main Top-Mast..came all by the board.
1666 S. Pepys Diary 11 Feb. (1972) VII. 40 The storms..have driven back three or four of them, with their masts by the board.
1705 London Gaz. No. 4098/3 All her Masts came by the board.
1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy III. iv. 73 Captain Wilson, therefore, resolved to try her by the board.
1841 H. W. Longfellow Wreck of Hesperus in Boston Bk. (ed. 3) 76 Her rattling shrouds, all sheath'd in ice, With the masts, went by the board.
1859 J. D. Burn Autobiogr. Beggar Boy (ed. 4) 14 Every instinct and feeling of humanity goes by the board.
1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. vi. 103 A class of grammatical distinctions which have gone by the board.
c. on board: on one side, close alongside (of a ship or shore); also as prep., short for on board of. (See also 14) to lay (a ship) on board: to place one's own ship alongside of (it) for the purpose of fighting. to run on board (of), to fall on board (of): literal to run against, fall foul of (a ship); figurative to make an attack, fall, upon (a person or thing). on even board with: exactly alongside with; figurative on even terms with, ‘square’ with.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > come or be alongside another ship
to fall on board (of)1508
to fall aboard——1569
yardarm and yardarm1829
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > side(s) of vessel > [phrase] > (close) on one side
on board1508
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > equality [phrase] > equal or even with
on even board with1631
on (also upon) the square1692
in with1741
up with ——1741
upsides with1746
(to be) upshots (with)1877
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make attack [verb (intransitive)]
onreseeOE
onslayc1275
entera1425
to be upon (also on) a person's jack1588
endeavour?1589
to fall aboard1591
to let fly1611
strikea1616
to lift (up) the hand(s, (occasionally one's arm)1655
to fall on board (of)1658
tilt1708
to walk into ——1794
to run in1815
to peg it1834
to sail in1856
to wade in1863
to light in1868
to roll into ——1888
to make for ——1893
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > perform operation or manoeuvre [verb (transitive)] > come alongside to fight
to board withc1460
boarda1513
to lay (a ship) aboard1569
to clap (a vessel) aboard, on board1583
to lay (a ship) on board1677
to lay close1799
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (transitive)] > collide with
to run foul1596
to run aboard ——?1606
to run aboard1708
to fall on board (of)1797
foul1828
1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 185 Hard on burd vnto the blomyt medis..Arrivit sche.
1631 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentlewoman 144 Hath hee kept himselfe on euen boord with all the world.
1658 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 2nd Pt. 4 His hungry soul for want of better food, falls on board upon the Devils chear.
1677 London Gaz. No. 1202/3 The Glorieux..laid the Arms of Leyden on Board, which took Fire, and was burnt.
1707 London Gaz. No. 4380/3 We saw..a cluster of 5 or 6 Ships on board each other.
1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 42 Keeping the Coast close on Board.
1797 Ld. Nelson in A. Duncan Life (1806) 41 The San Nicholas luffing up, the San Josef fell on board her.
1805 Log in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. 207 (note) The Royal Sovereign fell on board of our starboard beam.
1829 F. Marryat Naval Officer I. iii. 95 A large..frigate ran on board of us.
1860 Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 172 It is better to keep the land on board as far as Solitary Isle.
d. board on board, (corruptly) board and board, board by board: side by side, close alongside of each other. [= French bord à bord 14th cent. in Littré, also Old Norse borð við borð.]
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > side(s) of vessel > [phrase] > side by side (of vessels)
board on boarda1450
board and board1614
stem for stem1670
broadside to (or and) broadside1696
board by board1697
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxxix. l. 370 It [sc. a ship] Aproched so Ny, tyl bord On bord they weren.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. i. §6. 350 When they were (as we call it) boord and boord, that is, when they brought the Gallies sides together.
1634 W. Wood New Englands Prospect i. i. 3 Roome for 3. Ships to come in board and board.
1697 London Gaz. No. 3278/3 A Fight of several hours Board by Board.
1761 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 64/2 The Ships were board and board three different times, which occasioned great slaughter on both sides.
e. board and board: (sailing) by a succession of close tacks.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > use of wind in sailing [phrase] > by succession of tacks
board and board1926
1926 R. Clements Stately Southerner 156 She met with a severe hammering off the Horn, but clawed her way to windward, and, after a week of board and board, managed to slip round.
†13. (poetically in Old English) A ship. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun]
shipc725
beamOE
boardOE
bargea1300
steera1300
vessela1300
treea1382
loomc1400
man1473
ark1477
bottom1490
keela1547
riverboat1565
craft1578
pine1592
class1596
flood-bickerer1599
pitchboard1599
stern-bearer1599
wooden horse1599
wooden isle1603
water treader?1615
water house1616
watercraft1618
machine1637
prore1642
lightman1666
embarkation1690
bark1756
prowa1771
Mudian1813
bastiment1823
hooker1823
nymph1876
M.F.V.1948
OE Cynewulf Elene 238 Bord oft onfeng ofer earhgeblond yða swengas; sæ swinsade.
a1000 Gnomica (Gr.) 188 He..drugað his ar on borde.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 470 Bryngez þat bryȝt vpon borde.
14.
a. on board (beside the technical sense in sense 12c) has now, in common use, the meaning: On or in a ship, boat, etc.; into or on to a ship. That this expression is elliptical, is witnessed by the fuller form on ship-board (cf. Middle English ‘within schippe burdez’ in sense 12), and the construction ‘on board of the ship’, or ‘on board the ship’ (where it is perhaps often supposed that ‘board’ means the deck). Hence board-ship used attributively or as an adjective.On board appears to be a later expansion (cf. afoot adv., on foot at foot n. and int. Phrases 3a) of aboard adv. and prep., a-bord, and this to have been taken directly from French à bord, as in aller ou monter à bord, être à bord, short for au bord du vaisseau, in which bord ‘ship's side’ comes contextually to be equal to ‘ship’ itself. Similar phrases are used in other modern Germanic languages, as Dutch aan boord, German an bord, Swedish, Danish om skibsbord. Although on borde occurs poetically in Old English, and vpon borde in Middle English, in sense of ‘in, upon ship’, these appear to have no historical connection with the later a-board, which begins about 1500, and on board, which appears late in the 17th cent.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [phrase] > on board ship
within board?a1400
a shipboard1488
on board1688
of shipboard1840
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > [adjective] > ingested or ingesting
ingested1646
on boardc1800
ingestive1835
society > travel > travel by water > [adjective] > occurring on board
board-ship1852
shipboard acquaintance1857
1688 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 450 Sir John Narborough..died on ship board.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 6 A Capuchin who was on Board with us.
1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. 528 The common sailor will not return on board.
c1800 P. Hoare Song On board of the Arethusa.
1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful I. i. 4 He went on shore for my mother, and came on board again.
1852 Life in Bombay 216 The board-ship habit of taking brandy and water at night.
1894 M. Dyan All in Man's Keeping II. iii. 62 The liberal allowance of ‘board-ship’ flirtation.
1924 Blackwood's Mag. June 743/2 In the curiously intimate routine of a board-ship life..we became very friendly.
b. on board is used as preposition for on board of.
Π
1693 London Gaz. No. 2847/3 They..put on board her 10 French Men.
1711 London Gaz. No. 4887/3 From on Board Sir Edw. Whittaker, off the Lizard.
1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 267 Nor would we let any of our Men..go on board them, or suffer any of their Men to come on board us.
1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xlvii. 189 They were placed on board a fleet.
1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues I. 72 This man Stesilaus has been seen by him on board ship.
c. transferred (originally U.S.). In or into a railway train, tram-car, omnibus, etc. Also, in or into an aircraft.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > [noun] > number of passengers using specific transport > in or onto
board1869
1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad xii. 108 Once on board, the train will not start till your ticket has been examined.
1881 Daily News 7 Sept. 5/4 (U.S. Corresp.) The train started at 6.30, having on board Mrs. Garfield and her daughter.
1883 Harper's Mag. May 847/1 She..found herself..on board the other train.
1915 Sphere 6 Feb. 151 The forward end of the front gondola of a Zeppelin is screened to protect the pilot... Searchlights..are carried on board to be used when necessary.
1969 Times 28 Nov. 1/4 A four-jet B.O.A.C. VC 10 airliner with 69 people on board.
d. Of drink: having been consumed (by a person). slang.
ΚΠ
1800 R. Lowth Billesdon Coplow 2 Well sous'd by their dip, on they brush'd o'er the bottom, With liquor on board enough to besot 'em.
1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack xxiii. 164 The captain..had his grog on board, and was as brave as brass.
1940 N. Marsh Death at Bar iv. 72 With a brandy like this on board, I'd face the devil himself.
e. to take on board (figurative), to drink or consume; to swallow; also, to accept (an idea, etc.), to grasp.
ΘΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > [verb (transitive)] > swallow
swallowc1000
overswallowa1400
engluta1492
slup1598
deglute1599
to take down1603
glut-glut1650
quilta1658
to get down1662
regurgitate1670
reswallow1792
to take on board1813
glutch1825
down1852
deglutate1867
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > understand [phrase]
to know what's whatc1422
to know where to find a person1565
to see the light1812
to be awake to1813
to know a move or two1819
to get on to ——1880
to get the strength of1890
to be (or get) wise to1896
to get the picture1900
the penny dropped1939
to pick up1944
to get the message1959
to take on board1979
1813 Olio 27 Jan. 5/1 Grabb..had taken on board more grog than ballast.
1908 K. Grahame Wind in Willows x. 234 When Toad had taken as much stew on board as he thought he could possibly hold, he got up and said good-bye to the gipsy.
1979 Management Today Nov. 17/1 (heading) TV interviews can lose fears if Peter Fairley's techniques are taken on board.
1983 Listener 16 June 32/4 Someone who has previously given hardly any thought to nuclear weapons suddenly takes on board the full realisation of what they mean in terms of destruction.
1985 M. Gee Light Years xxxix. 257 She did love me once. You might find that hard to take on board.
1986 Theology July 304 ARCIC's failure to take on board what the critical study of religion has to tell us about how religious communities..really work.
15. Nautical. Sideward direction (in reference to the ship's course); the course of a ship when tacking. to make boards: to tack. to make short boards: to tack frequently. Also in some figurative phrases, as †to sail on another board: to take another course of conduct. Cf. tack n.1[Of French origin: cf. French virer de bord to turn the ship's side in another direction; courir des bords to tack. Cf. starboard n., adj., and adv. and larboard n. and adj. used as directions in reference to a ship's course.]
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > tack or make tacks
to make boards1533
tack1557
traverse1568
ply1589
board1627
tackle1632
busk1635
trip1687
to beat abouta1774
to come about1777
to make short boards1777
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > [noun] > beating against the wind > tacking > a tack or beat > track of
board1533
traverse?1574
1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) i. 73 Seing her husband wes dede, scho began to sail on ane uthir burde.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 17 Thai salit..Ay be ane burd fyve dais and fyve nycht.
1596 F. Vere Comm. 30 Making still toward them upon one board.
1685 C. Cotton tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. III. 456 To this and that side I make tacks and bords.
1777 W. Anderson Jrnl. 30 May in J. Cook Jrnls. (1967) III. ii. 882 Before day light we made short boards.
1837 F. Marryat Snarleyyow III. vii. 104 Standing in..to make a long board upon next tack.
1875 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (ed. 12) ii. viii. i. §5 The vessel will do it in two boards if there be room in the channel.
1884 Harper's Mag. Jan. 229/1 The tendency was to give her a stern board [i.e. to sail her stern first].
VI. In Coal Mining.
16. The name given in some colliery districts to each cutting or excavation in the direction of the working in the method called ‘board-and-pillar’, or ‘post-and-stall’ work; ‘a passage driven across the fibres or grain of the coal’. Newcastle Mining Terms.[Found in beginning of 18th cent.: the coal was then dragged from the ‘face’ in sledges over wooden boards or deals laid down as ‘ways’. It is suggested that board thus came to mean ‘way’, ‘passage.’ Cf. boardway's course n. at Compounds 2.]
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > an excavation or cutting
hatch1671
board1708
hatching1753
hulk1847
1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 16 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) A Yard and Quarter broad or wide for a Headways..and out of this it is, we turn off the Boards or other Workings, for every particular Hewer.
1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 247 A series of broad parallel passages or bords about eight yards apart, communicating with each other by narrower passages or ‘headways’.
1854 North of England Inst. Mining Engineers II. 252 It is the practice here..to arrange board and pillar workings so that the goaf may lay on the dip of the face of the work.
1860 W. Fordyce Hist. Coal 32 The hewers working at the face of the bords or the pillar workings.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 326 Working with pillars and rooms or boards, styled post and stall. (There are ‘narrow-boards’, ‘travelling-boards’, ‘stow-boards’, the ‘mother's gate or common going board’, etc.—R. Oliver Heslop, Corbridge.)
1877 Encycl. Brit. VI. 64/1 In the former [sc. pillar work], which is also known as..‘bord and pillar’ in the north of England,..the field is divided into strips.
1960 Times Rev. Industry Oct. 34/3 Bord-and-pillar working.
VII. In technical sense.
17. Prince Edward Island. A sheet of standing ice (see quot. 1892).
Π
1892 Chambers's Jrnl. 5 Mar. 159/1 The boat is carried out across the ‘board’ or standing ice some time previous to the arrival of the geese.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a. (In sense 1.)
(a)
board-lining n.
ΘΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > wallcovering > [noun] > wooden panelling
ceilingc1380
wainscot1548
wainscoting1580
wainscotage1677
boiserie1832
board-lining1879
1879 R. Jefferies Wild Life 159 The same board-lining of the window.
board-work n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > [noun] > wooden structures or wooden parts of > board- or plank-work
board-work1825
1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan I. 8 The snow..driving thro' every nook and crevice of the board-work.
(b)
board-built adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > building of specific construction > [adjective]
wandedc1593
brick-built1596
rock-built1596
mud-walled1607
sedgy1624
sodden1639
nogged1688
frame1760
logged1784
stucco1786
weatherboarded1794
piled1795
thick-walled1820
clapboarded1835
board-built1837
pebble-dashed1839
puncheoned1843
timber-framed1843
betimbered1847
pile-built1851
massy1855
bamboo-walled1858
portable1860
half-timber1874
stone-faced1874
Red River frame1879
ashlared1881
granolithic1881
brick-end1883
converted1888
steel frame1898
board-and-bat1902
traviated1902
steel-framed1906
prefabricated1921
prefab1937
multiwall1940
pre-engineered1955
curtain-walled1959
pre-fabbed1959
timber-frame1967
system-built1968
flat-pack1982
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [adjective] > made of boards or planks
planchered1440
boarded1444
boarden1454
planked?c1525
planky?1611
planched1614
board-built1837
board-and-bat1902
1837 N. Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1871) I. 46 Board-built and turf-buttressed hovels.
b. (In sense 6.)
board-end n.
ΘΠ
the world > food and drink > food > setting table > [noun] > place at table
table room1607
bottom1629
board-head1637
board-enda1652
foot1700
plate1917
a1652 R. Brome Damoiselle iv. i, in Five New Playes (1653) A Boordsend-King, a pay-all in a Tavern.
1820 W. Scott Abbot II. viii. 256 Take thy place at the board-end, and refresh thyself after thy journey.
board-head n.
ΘΠ
the world > food and drink > food > setting table > [noun] > place at table
table room1607
bottom1629
board-head1637
board-enda1652
foot1700
plate1917
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. civ. 264 I wonder what He meaneth to put such a slave at the board-head.
a1758 A. Ramsay Poems (1844) 82 Sat up at the boord-head.
board-knife n.
ΘΠ
the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > cutlery > knife
fish-knife1403
board-knifec1440
table knifea1475
butter knife1729
dessert-knife1793
balance-knife1833
cuttoe1851
steak knife1895
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 44 Boordeknyfe, mensacula.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 200/1 Borde knyfe, covteav de escuier.
c. (In sense 8.)
board-house n.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > board > house or room of
board-house1772
board-room1836
1772 Wilson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 63 62 The Board-house, which is a large building for the use of the board-officers.
board-minister n.
ΘΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > of a board
board-officer1772
board-minister1801
1801 W. Huntington Bank of Faith 30 They were board-ministers, or ministers belonging to the board.
board-officer n.
ΘΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > of a board
board-officer1772
board-minister1801
1772 Wilson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 63 62 The Board-house, which is a large building for the use of the board-officers.
board-room n. (also transferred, the members of a board).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > board > house or room of
board-house1772
board-room1836
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > board
tablea1572
board1623
council1682
supervisory board1839
management board1948
board-room1959
1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. I. 3 A miserable looking woman is called into the board-room.
1935 G. Greene Eng. made Me ii. 47 The monogram had been designed by Sweden's leading artist..E.K. in the board-room; E.K. in the restaurants.
1959 Times 5 Oct. 2/6 The work involves..convincing the boardroom, management and operatives.
C2. Special combinations. Also board-cloth n., board-school n., board wages n.
board-and-bat n. (also board-and-batten) applied attributively, esp. to a building constructed from wide boards, normally in conjunction with narrow battens.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > building of specific construction > [adjective]
wandedc1593
brick-built1596
rock-built1596
mud-walled1607
sedgy1624
sodden1639
nogged1688
frame1760
logged1784
stucco1786
weatherboarded1794
piled1795
thick-walled1820
clapboarded1835
board-built1837
pebble-dashed1839
puncheoned1843
timber-framed1843
betimbered1847
pile-built1851
massy1855
bamboo-walled1858
portable1860
half-timber1874
stone-faced1874
Red River frame1879
ashlared1881
granolithic1881
brick-end1883
converted1888
steel frame1898
board-and-bat1902
traviated1902
steel-framed1906
prefabricated1921
prefab1937
multiwall1940
pre-engineered1955
curtain-walled1959
pre-fabbed1959
timber-frame1967
system-built1968
flat-pack1982
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [adjective] > made of boards or planks
planchered1440
boarded1444
boarden1454
planked?c1525
planky?1611
planched1614
board-built1837
board-and-bat1902
1902 G. Ellis Mod. Pract. Joinery xxiii. 350 Board and batten, a method of forming the walls of wooden houses with a thick and thin board placed alternately.
1918 H. A. Vachell Some Happenings x. 157 A collection of the worst-looking board-and-batten shacks between Shasta and San Diego.
1939 J. Steinbeck Grapes of Wrath xv. 182 Board-and-bat shacks.
board-bill n. originally U.S. the charge made for board (sense 7).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > for food, board, or service
pension1696
board-bill1833
table money1841
American plan1848
corkage1884
service charge1889
fixed price1907
service1909
cover charge1921
demi-pension1951
rack rate1976
cakeage1985
1833 E. T. Coke Subaltern's Furlough ii He has gone away without paying..his board bill.
1890 Harper's Mag. May 908/1 All these brothers were earning their own board bills.
1952 A. Koestler Arrow in Blue xv. 129 My board-bill in the Pension Glaser was often overdue for several weeks.
board coal n. a kind of coal resembling wood in its markings.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun]
coal1253
sea-coal1253
pit-coal1483
cannel1541
earth coala1552
horse coal1552
Newcastle coal1552
stone-coal1585
cannel coal1587
parrot1594
burn-coal1597
lithanthrax1612
stony coal1617
Welsh coala1618
land-coala1661
foot coal1665
peacock coal1686
rough coal1686
white coal1686
heathen-coalc1697
coal-stone1708
round1708
stone-coal1708
bench-coal1712
slipper coal1712
black coal1713
culm1742
rock coal1750
board coal1761
Bovey coal1761
house coal1784
mineral coal1785
splint1789
splint coal1789
jet coal1794
anthracite1797
wood-coal1799
blind-coal1802
black diamond1803
silk-coal1803
glance-coal1805
lignite1808
Welsh stone-coal1808
soft1811
spout coals1821
spouter1821
Wallsend1821
brown coal1833
paper coal1833
steam-coal1850
peat-coal1851
cherry-coal1853
household1854
sinter coal1854
oil coal1856
raker1857
Kilkenny coal1861
Pottery coal1867
silkstone1867
block coal1871
admiralty1877
rattlejack1877
bunker1883
fusain1883
smitham1883
bunker coal1885
triping1886
trolley coal1890
kibble1891
sea-borne1892
jet1893
steam1897
sack coal1898
Welsh1898
navigation coal1900
Coalite1906
clarain1919
durain1919
vitrain1919
single1921
kolm1930
hards1956
1761 J. Milles in Philos. Trans. 1760 (Royal Soc.) 51 537 That which they call the wood coal, or board coal, from the resemblance which the pieces have to the grain of deal boards.
1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. 596 Straight flat pieces, three or four feet in length, which are called board-coal.
board-fellow n. a companion at table, a messmate.
ΘΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating in specific conditions > [noun] > eating in company > eating companion
mettec1330
meat-fellowa1382
board-fellow1382
meat ferec1384
messmana1450
commensala1464
companion?1505
messmate1664
trencher-companion1816
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Judges xiv. 11 Thei ȝouen to him bordfelawis thretti.
1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxxi. 278 Be you once more Bed-fellows and Board-fellows.
board-fence n. U.S. a close fence made with boards.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > hedge or fence > a fence > fence made of boards
board-fence1718
board-fencing1871
1718 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston XIII. 48 They..shall..maintain a substanciall board fence..from the Barn to three rods distant southerly from the dwelling house.
1725 Manch. (Mass.) Rec. 165 On ye esterly side by ye highway as the stone wall & board fence now stand.
1802 Charleston Land Rec. 252 From Col. David Wood's board fence over to Dea: John Larkin's wall is forty feet.
1820 Boston Selectm. 29 Mar. On condition they build a substantial board fence, lay a plank walk and leave the street thirty feet wide.
1860 O. W. Holmes Professor at Breakfast-table xi. 331 When the boys used to make pictures of me with chalk on the board-fences.
1917 C. Mathewson Second Base Sloan xi. 143 It had a board fence around it.
board-fencing n.
ΘΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > hedge or fence > a fence > fence made of boards
board-fence1718
board-fencing1871
1871 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1869–70 8 232 By means of hedging and movable board fencing, keep up a great deal of pasturage.
board foot n. the volume of wood in a piece of timber 1 ft. square and 1 in. thick.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > [noun] > cubic foot as measure of coal gas > volume of timber one foot by one inch
superfoot1810
board foot1896
1896 15th Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1895–6 83 About 24 cubic feet per acre is added..annually—this means about 150 board feet.
† board-form n. Obsolete a trapezium.
ΘΠ
the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [noun] > quadrilateral > trapezium
board-form1551
trapezium1570
trapezoid1795
1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. Def. Called of the Grekes trapezia..may be called in englishe borde formes.
board game n. a game played on a board (sense 2c).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > [noun]
board game1934
1934 Discovery Oct. 287/2 Among Vikings as well as Celts board-games of this type are widely known.
† board-land n. Obsolete (see bord-land n.).
board-man n. a man who carries advertisement boards, a ‘sandwich man’.
ΘΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > advertising > types or methods of advertising > [noun] > advertisement on sandwich boards > one who
sandwich boy1835
sandwich1864
sandwich-man1864
board-man1884
sandwich-board man1890
1884 Cassell's Family Mag. Dec. 32 The announcements were borne by a gang of unhappy board-men.
board-measure n. superficial measure applied to boards.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > square measure > applied to boards
board-measure1656
1656 H. Phillippes Purchasers Pattern (1676) 142 Draw the like line for Board measure.
board-money n. = board wages n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > allowance > for specific purpose > for food or maintenance
meatcorn1264
corrody1430
sustentation1461
dieta1483
diet-money1519
board wages1539
viaticum1594
subsistence money1693
table allowance1762
board-money1809
subsistence allowance1824
beer money1827
in-maintenance1836
subsistence allowance1848
conred1876
sustenance money1905
rider1975
1809 R. Langford Introd. Trade 62 Board Money, and Small Charges.
Board of Trade unit n. the commercial unit of electrical energy, equivalent to one kilowatt-hour of current; abbrev. B.T.U.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > [noun] > one thousand watts > commercial unit
unit1886
Kelvin1892
kilowatt-hour1892
Board of Trade unit1913
1913 Metal Industry Handbk. 41/1 The Board of Trade Unit is the commercial standard for purposes of public supply, and is measured by the product at the rate of doing work into the hours divided by 1,000: hence 1 B.T.U. = 1,000 Watt hours.
board-rule n. a scale for finding the superficial area of a board without calculation.
† boardstock n. Obsolete a piece of timber to be sawn into boards.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > [noun] > wood suitable for sawing
boardstock1619
saw-timber1932
1619 Sir R. Boyle in Lismore Papers (1886) I. 217 240 tymber trees..wherof most is squared and reserved for boordstocks.
1623 E. Wynne in R. Whitbourne Disc. New-found-land 105 Wee got home as many boordstocks, as afforded vs aboue two hundred boords.
boardway's course n. ‘the direction perpendicular to the cleavage of the coal’ ( Coal-trade Terms, Northld. & Durh., 1851).
board-work n. (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making headgear > [noun] > wig-making
board-work1887
1887 E. Creer (title) Board work, or the Art of Wig making.
1887 E. Creer Board-work Introd. Board-work, in the fullest extent of its signification, means all that which is done by clever hairdressers and wig-makers in the workshop and at the work table.
1927 Daily Express 5 July 5/4 Students are taught the general principles of dressing hair and the technique of board-work, or preparation of hair for making transformations, wigs, and curls.
board-worker n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making headgear > [noun] > wig-making > one who
periwig-maker1598
noddle-thatcher1716
tête-maker1789
nob thatcher1793
board-worker1927
1927 Dict. Occup. Terms §428 Board worker; hairdresser's model maker, perruquier, postiche worker, posticheur, wig-maker; general terms for all workers engaged in..making wigs [etc.].

Draft additions 1993

a. Cricket. = scoreboard n. 2a; esp. in (so many runs) on the board, i.e. scored.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > recording score > [noun] > scoreboard
scoring board1822
scoreboard1831
telegraph board1841
marking board1850
board1883
leader board1970
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [phrase] > of runs: scored
on the board1932
1883 Daily Tel. 15 May 2/7 This hit caused three figures to appear on the board.
1932 Times 29 July 13/4 They had 84 on the board for eight wickets.
1951 People 3 June 8/7 George Lambert..had Booth and Edrich out with only 40 on the board.
1977 J. Laker One-Day Cricket 70 Ian Chappell..had put West Indies in to bat and with only 12 runs on the board, Australia struck the first blow.
1985 New Yorker 5 Aug. 34/1 The Phillies..put sixteen on the board in their first two turns at bat.
b. Any (usually rectangular) flat piece of rigid material, or an assembly of several such pieces, to which are attached controls, switches, etc. Usually preceded by a word denoting these fixtures or their purpose, as control board n. at control n. Compounds 6, switchboard n., etc. Cf. panel n.1 13.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > control(s) > [noun] > control panel or unit
brain-box1876
control box1878
control panel1902
panel board1905
board1940
console1944
touch panel1957
keypad1966
pad1976
zapper1984
1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 99/2 Board (Elec. Eng.). See control-board, distribution-board.
1966 Simulation Jan. 56/1 The main control board on the right is in many respects a duplicate of our conventional boards with a combination bench and vertical panel design.
1972 Gloss. Electrotechnical, Power Terms (B.S.I.) ii. vi. 9 Board, an assembly of panels, the principal function of which is indicated by the same prefix as is used for panels, e.g. switchboard, controlboard, etc.
1985 J. Trapido Internat. Dict. Theatre Lang. 88 Board. 1. A general term for the central control device for the stage lighting circuitry. It normally implies direct control, as opposed to ‘console’, which denotes remote control apparatus, often computer assisted. The term is a shortened form of control board or, still older, switchboard.
c. Electronics. A printed circuit board together with its attached electronic components, esp. considered as an addition to existing circuitry in a computer, etc. Cf. daughterboard n., motherboard n.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > electronic component, circuitry
card1956
circuit board1957
daughter card1964
daughterboard1965
motherboard1965
backplane1972
mainboard1977
PCB1977
board1979
mobo1993
1979 Personal Computer World Nov. 56/1 They will also be demonstrating colour add-on boards for this machine.
1985 Which Computer? Apr. 66/1 Some of these applications require an internal board.
1988 PC Mag. Oct. 114/3 The board comes with a slim manual and a setup disc.

Draft additions December 2019

on board.
a. In agreement or compliance with an idea or proposal; willing to participate in a project or enterprise.
ΘΠ
the mind > language > statement > agreement, concurrence, or unanimity > [adverb] > in agreement with
in with1598
in the same sentiments with, in sentiment with1741
on board1959
1959 D. F. Schmidt in E. Marting Developing Product Strategy ix. 239 The most important thing is to have everyone on board with a clear understanding of the job to be done.
1971 R. A. Dow Learning through Encounter xii. 162 Is everyone ‘on board’ with the decision that is being made?
2013 K. Alexander He said, She Said 49 Look, T-Diddy has a master plan. You on board or what?
b. In or into an organization or group; on to a team as a member. Frequently in to bring on board.
Π
1977 Acad. of Managem. Rev. 2 392/2 The only alternative really available to many people for whom the contract with the company has been violated..is to stay on board.
1986 Irish Times 5 Aug. 15/3 [He] wondered whether there were any plans afoot to bring a new chief executive on board.
2015 N.Y. Times 15 Nov. (Arts section) 26/2 Mr. Wu was initially brought on board as an executive producer.

Draft additions September 2016

boardbag n. Surfing a protective bag in which one or more surfboards can be carried.
ΚΠ
1970 Annapolis (Maryland) Capital 31 Oct. 10/6 (advt.) Surfboard... Ideal starting-out board. Includes board bag, car rack—$125.
2006 Carve Surfing Mag. Sept. (Surfgirl Mag. Suppl.) 36/1 Even though airlines seem to target boardbags for destruction, you can increase your board's chances of survival by packing..wetsuits and towels inside.

Draft additions January 2018

board book n. a type of book with pages made of sturdy paperboard, designed for use by babies and young children.
Π
1892 Bookman Apr. 20/2 Some of the productions in the shape of ‘board-books’ for juveniles are marvels of book manufacture.
1972 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 5 Nov. 21 (advt.) Giant board books... Made from practically indestructible heavy board leaves.
2012 N. Hawley Good Father (2013) 266 We..would read them to sleep. There was one book I think of now as I watch them sleep, a board book called I Love You, Stinky Face.

Draft additions March 2007

board shorts n. originally Australian long, loose-fitting shorts of a style originally worn by surfers.
ΚΠ
1975 National Times (Sydney) 13 Jan. 40/1 If you are a 14-year-old schoolgirl..what really sends your heart into turmoil is the sight of a..sun-bronzed surf wearing board shorts and bare feet.
2000 P. Moore Full Montezuma (2001) xxi. 363 He was tanned with bleached dreads, and wore only boardshorts and a shark's tooth necklace.

Draft additions December 2016

board rider n. Sport a surfer; (later also, variously) a skateboarder, snowboarder, etc.
ΚΠ
1950 Sydney Morning Herald 11 Dec. 7/7 The suggestion from Hawaii is that six or seven surf and still-water swimmers and board-riders make the trip.
1952 Manitowoc (Wisconsin) Herald-Times 14 Aug. t5/1 The board rider was dumped into the water and didn't know which way to swim.
1988 Skiing Feb. 60 (caption) Board riders tearing up the hill during the Swatch World Snowboard Championships.
2006 Internet Yellow Pages (new ed.) 296/1 An online board sports magazine..for board riders of all kinds, including snowboarders, skateboarders, surfers, skiers, and wakeboarders.

Draft additions December 2016

board shaper n. Surfing a person who designs and manufactures surfboards; = shaper n. Additions; cf. surfboard shaper n. at surfboard n. Compounds.
ΚΠ
1966 C. McGregor Profile Austral. xi. 288 He..regards himself as the best board-shaper in Australia.
1989 G. Noll & A. Gabbard Da Bull 98 Every board shaper started using foam blanks and the balsa board faded into oblivion.
2015 Forever Sports Aug. 25/2 The new Megalodon..is worthy of the name because, according to local board shaper Chiron Stewart, ‘it is just the largest thing out there.’

Draft additions September 2016

board sock n. Surfing a protective fabric covering for a surfboard.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > surfing > [noun] > surfboard > equipment for
glass1962
wax1962
board sock1990
1990 Burlington (N. Carolina) Times News 30 Mar. a11/2 (advt.) Buy Surfboard—receive..2 free surfboard accessories (leash, wax, board sock, etc.).
2005 A. McCloud Girl's Guide to Surfing 45 As anyone who has ever put on or taken off a board sock will attest, it's a royal pain—think of pantyhose and a wet leg.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

boardv.

Brit. /bɔːd/, U.S. /bɔrd/
Forms: Middle English–1500s borde, Middle English–1600s bord, 1500s–1600s boord, bourd, 1500s boarde, Scottish burd, 1500s– board.
Etymology: < board n.: compare French border ; in senses 4 to 9 influenced by French aborder . Compare abord n.
I. Related to board = side of a ship, coast.
1. transitive.
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a. To come close up to or alongside (a ship), usually for the purpose of attacking; to lay on board, or fall on board of.
b. In later use, To go on board of or enter (a ship), usually in a hostile manner.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > perform operation or manoeuvre [verb (transitive)] > board
force1591
board1797
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. civ So cruelly assaylyd yt they were borded or they myght be rescowyd.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 460/1 I borde a shyppe..Jaborde vne nauire.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) v. i, 58 This is he that did the Tiger boord . View more context for this quotation
1672 London Gaz. No. 700/4 The Cambridge boarded one of the biggest of them, having beaten all her Men from the Decks, but..did not venture to let any of her Men enter her.
1706 London Gaz. No. 4204/3 A..Privateer came up with her..boarded her, and lash'd her fast, in which manner they fought two hours.
1797 Ld. Nelson in A. Duncan Life (1806) 43 In boarding the San Nicholas..we lost about seven killed.
1882 W. G. Hamley Traseaden Hall II. 251 The English vessel had..grappled the enemy and finally boarded her, the boarding party being led by the captain.
figurative.1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 57 Ladies pretend a great skyrmish at the first, yet are boorded willingly at the last.
†c. intr. to board with (in sense 1a.) Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > perform operation or manoeuvre [verb (transitive)] > come alongside to fight
to board withc1460
boarda1513
to lay (a ship) aboard1569
to clap (a vessel) aboard, on board1583
to lay (a ship) on board1677
to lay close1799
c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1714) 45 All the Kyngs Navye schall not suffice to bord with Caryks, and other grete Schippis.
1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xxx. 66 We had taken the Vice-admirall, the first time shee bourded with vs.
d. absol. (in sense 1b.)
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > go on board a ship
board1753
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > operations or manoeuvres > perform operation or manoeuvre [verb (intransitive)] > board
board1753
1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea I. xvi. 104 Their general practice is to board immediately.
1803 in Ld. Nelson Disp. & Lett. (1845) V. 186 (note) Lieutenant Jones, in boarding, was mortally wounded.
1846 T. Arnold Hist. Rome II. xl. 575 To enable their men..to decide the battle by boarding.
2. transitive.
a. To go on board of, embark on.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (transitive)] > go on board of
board1586
1586 W. Warner Æneidos in Albions Eng. sig. Oiiii Hee boording hys Shyppes..left Carthage.
1883 H. M. Kennedy tr. B. ten Brink Early Eng. Lit. 232 The fisherman prepares a ship, which he boards with his wife and children.
b. transferred. To enter (a vehicle, railway train, aircraft, etc.). Also absol. originally U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > riding in a vehicle > ride a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > enter a vehicle
take1654
board1848
jump1875
hop1909
1848 J. Burns Notes of Tour in U.S. & Canada vi. 108 We..then boarded, to use a Yankeeism, the stage for Cleveland.
1879 Good Words Jan. 50 The tramps had boarded a train 50 miles away.
1935 Discovery Feb. 58/2 London bus-conductors..are having a busy time dissuading would-be passengers from trying to board their buses.
1959 I. Fleming Goldfinger xii. 164 Going to ask both to board the plane before the car.
1968 A. Hailey Airport ii. iv. 184 A would-be stowaway merely boarded an aeroplane..and sat quietly, waiting for departure.
1968 A. Hailey Airport iii. viii. 399 The gate agent who had been in charge at gate forty-seven when Flight Two left..did not remember Guerrero boarding.
†3. transitive. To put or take on board ship. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > transportation by water > transport by water [verb (transitive)] > put or take on board
put to shippinga1300
ship13..
board1542
emboat1542
embark1550
to get aboard1577
to take in1585
imbarge1604
inship1615
to take on1877
1542 N. Vyllagon Lamentable & Piteous Treat. in Harleian Misc. (1808) I. 243 A great nombre of the Spanyardes beyng caryed and borded.
a1614 P. Nichols Sir F. Drake Reuiued (1626) 91 Boarding and stowing our prouisions.
4. figurative. To approach, ‘make up to’, accost, address, ‘assail’; to make advances to. Cf. accost n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > move towards or approach (a thing, place, or person) [verb (transitive)] > approach and speak to
to venture on (also uponc1528
boarda1547
accost1567
affront1598
to make way1609
aboard1611
a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Civ At length thus bordes she Aeneas of her selfe.
1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 56v Philautus.., began to boord hir on this manner.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ii. sig. N8v Whom thus at gaze, the Palmer gan to bord With goodly reason.
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xix. lxxvii. 352 With some courtly tearmes the wench he bords.
1641 R. Carpenter Experience, Hist., & Divinitie i. xiii. 56 When the body is..borded by a sicknesse.
a1726 J. Vanbrugh False Friend i. i. 97 What..do you expect from boarding a woman..already heart and soul engag'd to another?
5. intransitive. Of a ship: To tack; to sail athwart the wind on alternate sides, so that the general course is against the wind. Also to board to and again, to board it, to board it up.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > tack or make tacks
to make boards1533
tack1557
traverse1568
ply1589
board1627
tackle1632
busk1635
trip1687
to beat abouta1774
to come about1777
to make short boards1777
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ix. 39 This we call boording or beating it vp vpon a tacke in the winds eye.
a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1957) III. 185 It is well..if we can beat out a storm at sea, with boarding to and again.
1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece iii. 286 They resolved..to bord it till Morning.
1692 Smith's Sea-mans Gram. (new ed.) i. xvi. 76 To make a board, or board it up, is to turn to Windward.
†6. transitive. To border on, approach; intransitive to lie close by, border upon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > render similar to [verb (transitive)] > approach, approximate, or border upon
to stand by ——?1527
to prick near1565
board1596
touch?1614
approximate1671
approacha1699
neighbour1859
to teeter on the brink1937
the world > space > distance > nearness > be near to [verb (transitive)] > be in contact with > border on
toucha1387
coastc1400
border1535
to bound on?1577
mere1577
board1596
bank1598
skirt1602
tract1612
bounder1636
buttal1642
border1647
hadland1649
line1846
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. xi. sig. L4v The stubborne Newre, whose waters gray By faire Kilkenny and Rosseponte boord . View more context for this quotation
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 242 Wotton Basset bordeth hard vpon this.
1636 R. James Iter Lancastrense (1845) 4 In a wan fainte paleness boarding death.
II. Related to board = thin wood, etc.
7.
a. transitive. To cover or furnish with boards. to board over: to cover with boarding. to board up: to close with boarding.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > build or construct with wood [verb (transitive)] > board or plank
plank1432
plancher1439
planchc1516
board1530
boarden1552
tabulate1656
to brattice up1862
matchboard1889
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > with or as with specific other things
clodc1420
pavea1425
foamc1540
overstain1559
thatch1589
sinew1592
to ice over1602
curd1654
overfleece1717
fleece1730
stucco1774
oversmoke1855
bepaper1861
beboulder1862
overflower1876
sack1880
overglass1883
to board over1885
pad1885
lather1917
cobweb1928
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close an aperture or orifice > in other specific ways
wax1377
gypsec1420
lute1495
wall1503
to brick up1606
butter1808
to brick off1836
to board up1885
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 460/1 Let your parlour be boorded.
1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ix. 159 The Floors being Boarded.
1885 W. D. Howells Rise Silas Lapham I. iii. 77 Many of the house-holders had boarded up their front doors.
1885 W. D. Howells Rise Silas Lapham I. iv. 89 The floors were roughly boarded over.
†b. To put in a coffin; to bury. Scottish. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > preparation or treatment of corpse > prepare corpse [verb (transitive)] > put in coffin
chest1473
cere1525
board1535
coffin1564
incoffin?1575
encoffin1598
hearse1606
kistc1650
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 687 Syne in Tynmouth..Tha burdit him thair richt solempnitly.
c. Bookbinding. To bind (a book) in boards.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > bind [verb (transitive)] > other processes
to knock up1660
glair1755
board1813
lace1818
crop1824
beback1858
plough1873
cord1876
to throw out1880
guillotine1896
pull1901
reback1901
super1914
1813 W. Scott Let. 12 Jan. (1932) III. 225 The demand for these continuing faster than they can be boarded.
1857 H. T. Buckle in A. H. Huth Life & Writings H. T. Buckle (1880) I. 132 I should prefer having the whole impression boarded at once.
d. To treat (leather) with a graining-board.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > work with skins [verb (transitive)] > other processes
curry14..
shave1467
dress1511
slaughter1603
raise1607
scutch1688
chamois1728
braya1835
break1842
fellmonger1843
fire-cure1848
crimp1849
board1860
pebble1862
soft-board1878
sam1883
stock1883
nourish1884
buff1885
pinwheel1885
sammy1885
wheel1885
unlime1888
1860 R. Hunt Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 5) 691 The stiffer parts being boarded both on the grain and flesh sides.
1882 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 387/1 When dry enough for the purpose, the skin is boarded,..the effect of which is to bring up the grain,..and also to make it supple.
1968 J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 237 Box leather: This is the result of ‘boarding’ the leather (i.e. breaking up the natural grain surface by close parallel creases) and is a process used on high-grade smooth leathers.
III. Related to board = table, regular meals.
8.
a. transitive. To provide (a lodger, etc.) with daily meals; now generally to supply with both food and lodging at a fixed rate. See also boarding n. Compounds 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > providing with dwelling > [verb (transitive)] > provide with temporary accommodation
innOE
harbourc1150
gestena1300
guestc1330
hostelc1330
receivec1384
sojourn1390
harbry14..
shroudc1450
bestow1577
accommodate1592
board1600
quarter1603
stow1607
to put up1635
billet1637
lodge1741
room1840
to fix (a person) up1889
summer-board1889
shack1927
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)] > supply with meals
table1457
common1598
board1600
diet1635
mess1811
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V ii. i. 32 We cannot bed nor boord half a score honest gentlewomen.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Westmorl. 139 In his own house he boarded and kept full four and twenty scholars.
1724 London Gaz. No. 6265/4 At Mrs. Grandmaison's School..young Gentlewomen are Boarded.
b. To put up and feed (an animal). Originally U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)]
baitc1400
servea1475
foddera1500
refetea1500
maintain1576
provend1581
provender1584
put1620
meal1630
stall-feed1763
feed1818
board1875
1875 Cincinnati Daily Times 1 July 2/8 Metropolitan Livery, Boarding and Sale Stables..Special attention given monthly and day boarding horses.
1880 W. D. Howells Undiscovered Country 261 The mare..was consequently boarded out of town a good deal.
1905 N.Y. Evening Post 24 Feb. 1 The owner of a large stable..said that..he had recently had some seventy horses to board.
1969 Times 14 Nov. 20/6 (advt.) Two adorable scottie pups... Will board 4s. per day till Christmas.
9.
a. intransitive. To have stated meals as a lodger at another person's house; to be supplied with food and lodging at a fixed rate; to live with a family as one of its members for a stipulated charge.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)] > at the house of another, an inn, etc. > board
board1556
to be (also live) in pension?1605
pension1642
to board round or around1828
PG1923
1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lxiii. 48 To paie for boord, where euer this flock boords.
1667 S. Pepys Diary 12 May (1974) VIII. 211 My boy's time, when I boarded at Kingsland.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 296. ⁋6 Gentlemen and Ladies, who board in the same House.
1849 W. Irving Oliver Goldsmith (rev. ed.) xxxiv. 288 He had engaged to board with the family.
b. to board round or around: to board in succession in different houses. U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)] > at the house of another, an inn, etc. > board
board1556
to be (also live) in pension?1605
pension1642
to board round or around1828
PG1923
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > supply with food [verb (intransitive)] > entertain with food > be entertained with food
ferea1375
fare1393
to board round or around1828
1828 Ladies' Mag. (Boston) 1 215 I boarded round, as they termed it, that is, I boarded with every family in proportion to the number of scholars they sent.
1831 Ladies' Mag. 4 557 [There was] a custom..that the instructor should ‘board around’ as it is called. That is board a short period in each family who sent children to the school—the length of time regulated by the number of scholars sent.
1833 Niles' Reg. 44 347/1 Our schoolmasters are..‘boarded round’, so as to save the drawing the pay of the schoolmaster's board from the school fund.
1839 C. M. Kirkland New Home xlv. 301 Mr. Cyrus Whicher,..a dignitary who had ‘boarded round’ till there was very little of him left.
1869 S. Bowles Our New West viii. 170 We generally ‘boarded around’.
1871 C. M. Yonge Pioneers & Founders vi. 165 The system was that of ‘boarding round’—i.e. the young mistress had to live a week alternately at each house, and went from thence to her school.
1872 E. Eggleston Hoosier School-master 15 It was as well for Ralph that he began to ‘board round’ by stopping at Mrs. Means's.
10. causal. To place at board. So to board out.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > providing with dwelling > [verb (transitive)] > provide with temporary accommodation > place in temporary accommodation
quarter1588
billet1605
to put in (also to) pension?1605
cantonize1626
board1655
1655 tr. C. Sorel Comical Hist. Francion iii. 69 He..boorded me with the Master of the College at Lysieux.
1876 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. 2nd Ser. 203 The boys were boarded among the dames of the village.
1887 N.E.D. at Board Mod. Many workhouse children are now boarded out with cottagers.
11. To call before a selection board, medical board, or the like. Usually in passive.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > summon > before a board
board1917
1917 W. Owen Let. 25 Sept. (1967) 496 I am to be boarded today, and am waiting to be called in at any moment.
1917 G. S. Gordon Let. 1 Dec. (1943) 82 He has never been boarded.
1964 New Society 16 Apr. 13/1 Of the 715 candidates boarded, 104 were selected.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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