substractv.

Brit.

/səbˈstrakt/, U.S.

/səbˈstræk(t)/

Forms: 1500s– substract; also Scottish pre-1700 substrect.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin substract-, substrahere.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin substract-, past participial stem of substrahere (4th cent.; from 13th cent. in British sources), alteration of subtrahere subtract v. after abstrahere abstract v. Compare slightly earlier subtract v. and substraction n. Compare also earlier subtray v. and the foreign-language forms cited at that entry. In some modern uses perhaps a typographical error for subtract v.

Now nonstandard and rare.

†a. transitive. To withdraw or withhold (something beneficial, useful, or valuable, or something to which another person is entitled); = subtract v. 1. Frequently with from. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > retain or keep [verb (transitive)] > keep what is due to or desired by another

ofholdOE

withholdc1200

abstaina1387

keep?1463

to hold up?1499

refrain?1504

outhold1512

detainc1535

to keep back1535

subtracta1538

substract1542

to hold out1907

the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > withdraw

withdraw?c1225

surtrayc1440

surtretec1440

abstract1449

subtracta1538

substract1542

extracta1572

draw1600

1542 Act 33 Hen. VIII c. 12 Not letted to substract and withdraw the lawfull and accustomed tythes of corne, hay, pasturages, [etc.].

1590 W. Clever Flower of Phisicke 37 If the disease in forceable assault runneth forward without stay, then all dyets are substracted, vntill the nature of the disease appeare more open and perfect.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 80 Other put their Neckes into engins, and tame them by substracting their meate.

1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 29 Where they shall know of the things belonging to the Crowne,..to be concealed, intruded upon, or substracted.

1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety viii. 165 This..substracts that spirit and vigour, which should carry us through the weary stages of duty.

1683 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. I (ed. 2) iv. 351 Whatsoever Time and Attendance we bestow upon one thing, we must necessarily substract from another.

1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes i. 16 God charged the Jews with the Sin of Substracting these Tithes.

1778 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry II. xviii. 453 Exhibitions and pensions were, in the mean time, substracted from the students in the universities.

b. transitive. To withdraw or remove (a person) from a place or activity. Usually reflexive: to remove oneself; to retire; to escape. Chiefly with from.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (reflexive)]

fersec1000

teec1275

voida1387

withdraw1390

takea1393

avoida1400

devoida1400

shifta1400

avyec1440

trussa1450

deferc1480

remove1530

convey1535

subtractc1540

subduce1542

retire?1548

substract1549

room1566

to take off1620

to make oneself scarce1809

1549 [see substracting n.].

c1560 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. 8 I will Desyre na thing erar..than to substract me fra þe sicht of sik miseriis.

1613 P. Forbes Exquisite Comm. Reuelation St. Iohn xiii. 114 The Dragon,..finding that his open rage had not the desteined successe,..substracteth himselfe in a sort, and substituteth this viceroy of his kingdome.

a1683 A. Sidney Disc. Govt. (1698) ii. §xxiv. 199 Appius Claudius and Oppius having by voluntary death substracted themselves from publick punishment, their Collegues were only banished.

1744 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 519/1 We ought to hire those [mercenaries] who have no pretensions to substract themselves from the authority of Lilliputian commanders.

1770 L. Nihell Rational Self-love ix. 87 Who can justly find fault with..him, who endeavours to substract himself from Pain, when his submitting to it can bring him no sort of Pleasure, or Advantage?

1869 W. Carleton Poor Scholar 51 You'll be apt to substract yourself from this neighbourhood.

1895 N. Carolina Rep. 116 116 It [sc. a telegraph company] can not substract itself from obedience to the rates prescribed by the authority of the State.

1969 I. Scott Roman Question & Powers ii. 70 In order to substract himself from the influence of the pope's soft and temporizing personality, Antonelli moved his staff..to the vicinity of Naples.

2. transitive and intransitive. Mathematics. = subtract v. 3.Later examples may be typographical errors for subtract.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > perform arithmetic or algebraic operations [verb (transitive)] > subtract

to do awayOE

drawc1392

to take out of ——a1398

to take offa1400

withdrawc1400

subtray?c1425

ydraw?c1425

surtretec1440

to take away?1537

rebate1543

subtract1543

subduct?1556

substra?1558

pull?a1560

subduce?a1560

substract1559

to pull back?1574

difference1658

take1798

minus1963

1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 93 I cannot substract the greatest declination of the sonne, answering the first degre of Capricorn, in the table of declination.

1597 F. Meres Gods Arithm. f. 2 The other two begin from the left, and doe substract and diuide, and these bee the Deuils.

1647 W. Lilly Christian Astrol. iv. 41 Added together, they make 43^h 03^m, from which in regard they are more then 24 hours, I substract 24.

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Nature This Motion..if the Body were in Motion before, is either to be added to it, as if the Motions conspire, or substracted from it, as where contrary.

1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 624 3″, 25, which, substracted from 110° 30′ 13″, 25, leaves 110° 30′ 10″.

1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. 108 If from the square of the side opposite the right angle, the square of the given side be substracted, the remainder will be the square of the third side.

1914 Astron. Jrnl. 28 107/1 Two-thirds of the third column is substracted from the first column.

2001 P. Moore 2002 Yearbk. Astron. 10 If Summer Time is in use, the clocks will have been advanced by one hour, and this hour must be substracted from the clock time to give Standard Time.

3. gen.

a. transitive. To take away, remove.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > deduct [verb (transitive)]

abatec1400

rebate1425

batec1440

minishc1483

diminish?1504

detract1509

detray1509

deduct1524

defalkc1540

defalcate1541

subtray1549

derogate1561

discount1561

deduce?1566

substract1592

to strike off1597

reduct1600

subtract1610

subduct1716

to knock off1811

dock1891

shave1961

minus1963

1592 Profitable & Necessarie Disc. Bad Garbelling of Spices v. 14 The ancient order..was..but in one sorte the drie pepper by it selfe without substracting the greatest [sc. highest quality] from the same.

1613 E. Hoby Counter-snarle 25 My course hath euer beene..to substract many ounces, from that ordinary opinion, which men of his profession doe..intertaine.

1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. I. iv. 23 Those must likewise bee substracted from the English, who were left to guard Jury.

1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety Pref. sig. A 5 What vanity..have we substracted, upon the sense of Gods anger?

1744 J. Harris Three Treat. ii. i. 57 There must be substracted from these [sc. media of visible objects] the Medium of Motion.

1755 G. Lavington Moravians Compared 157 What are not found in their proper Places, these he substracted with equal Audaciousness.

1821 J. Bentham Elements Art of Packing 262 When all lawyers and all non-lawyers are substracted, how many have you left?

1841 J. C. Calhoun Speech in Wks. (1856) III. 640 The voice of those to whom what is substracted from them [in taxes] goes, must be made more potent and influential.

1910 W. Blair Kildermoch 121 Wi' a' its superfluities substractit frae it.

1921 G. D. Herron Defeat in Victory i. 12 I would not substract an iota from the glory immortally due unto France's great Christian soldier.

1995 S. Hill Jack's Dilemma 94 Let him talk nah! Ah go work arithmetic in he mouth, dat is ah go substract he teeth.

b. intransitive. To remove something; spec. (with from) to diminish, reduce; to detract from.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > deduct [verb (intransitive)]

subtray?c1425

abatec1467

detracta1592

substract1637

debate1658

subtract1682

1637 R. Monro Exped. Scots Regim. ii. 142 He suffered no grasse to grow where his Army did tread,..diminishing and substracting from the reputation of other Generalls, till he obtained the name and fame of the most valiant..Generall that served the Emperour.

1656 P. Heylyn Extraneus Vapulans 300 Our Authors false Arithmetique in Substracting from his own errours, and multiplying the suposed mistakes of the Observator.

1722 R. Blackmore Redemption vi. 313 They now substract, and now additions make, Now hurtful words for favourable change.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 467 By evaporating, by cooling, or by substracting from the fluid.

1804 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1835) III. 15 A..resistance to every thing like an abuse in the service which can tend to substract from the efficiency of the corps in the field.

a1832 J. Bentham Chrestomathia in Wks. (1843) VIII. 188/1 So far from adding to, it will substract from, the quantity of labour necessary.

1928 H. G. Baynes & C. F. Baynes tr. C. G. Jung Contrib. Analyt. Psychol. 235 The author submits his material to a definite treatment that is both directed and purposeful; he adds to it and substracts from it.

1988 R. Tallis In Def. of Realism (1998) iii. viii. 160 Worse still, it could be argued that the work of literary critics adds to, rather than merely failing to substract from, the sum total of oppression in the world.

†4. transitive. To belittle, disparage. Cf. substractor n. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > disparagement or depreciation > disparage or depreciate [verb (transitive)]

littleeOE

low1340

dispraisec1386

minish1402

deroge1427

detractc1449

descryc1450

detrayc1475

dismerit1484

decline1509

vilipend1509

disprize?1518

disable1528

derogatea1530

elevate1541

disparagea1556

detrect1563

debase1565

demerit1576

vilify1586

disgrace1589

detracta1592

besparage1592

enervate1593

obtrect1595

extenuate1601

disvalue1605

disparagon1610

undervalue1611

avile1615

debaucha1616

to cry down1616

debate1622

decry1641

atomize1645

underrate1646

naucify1653

dedignify1654

stuprate1655

de-ample1657

dismagn1657

slur1660

voguec1661

depreciate1666

to run down1671

baffle1674

lacken1674

sneer1706

diminish1712

substract1728

down1780

belittle1789

carbonify1792

to speak scorn of1861

to give one a back-cap1903

minoritize1947

mauvais langue1952

rubbish1953

down-talk1959

marginalize1970

marginate1970

trash1975

neg1987

1728 R. North Mem. Musick (1846) 114 Every one..spightfull to each other, and out of emulation substracting their skill in performing.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	substract
释义	substractv. Brit. /səbˈstrakt/, U.S. /səbˈstræk(t)/ Forms: 1500s– substract; also Scottish pre-1700 substrect. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin substract-, substrahere. Etymology: < post-classical Latin substract-, past participial stem of substrahere (4th cent.; from 13th cent. in British sources), alteration of subtrahere subtract v. after abstrahere abstract v. Compare slightly earlier subtract v. and substraction n. Compare also earlier subtray v. and the foreign-language forms cited at that entry. In some modern uses perhaps a typographical error for subtract v. Now nonstandard and rare. 1. †a. transitive. To withdraw or withhold (something beneficial, useful, or valuable, or something to which another person is entitled); = subtract v. 1. Frequently with from. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > retain or keep [verb (transitive)] > keep what is due to or desired by another ofholdOE withholdc1200 abstaina1387 keep?1463 to hold up?1499 refrain?1504 outhold1512 detainc1535 to keep back1535 subtracta1538 substract1542 to hold out1907 the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > withdraw withdraw?c1225 surtrayc1440 surtretec1440 abstract1449 subtracta1538 substract1542 extracta1572 draw1600 1542 Act 33 Hen. VIII c. 12 Not letted to substract and withdraw the lawfull and accustomed tythes of corne, hay, pasturages, [etc.]. 1590 W. Clever Flower of Phisicke 37 If the disease in forceable assault runneth forward without stay, then all dyets are substracted, vntill the nature of the disease appeare more open and perfect. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 80 Other put their Neckes into engins, and tame them by substracting their meate. 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 29 Where they shall know of the things belonging to the Crowne,..to be concealed, intruded upon, or substracted. 1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety viii. 165 This..substracts that spirit and vigour, which should carry us through the weary stages of duty. 1683 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. I (ed. 2) iv. 351 Whatsoever Time and Attendance we bestow upon one thing, we must necessarily substract from another. 1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes i. 16 God charged the Jews with the Sin of Substracting these Tithes. 1778 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry II. xviii. 453 Exhibitions and pensions were, in the mean time, substracted from the students in the universities. b. transitive. To withdraw or remove (a person) from a place or activity. Usually reflexive: to remove oneself; to retire; to escape. Chiefly with from. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (reflexive)] fersec1000 teec1275 voida1387 withdraw1390 takea1393 avoida1400 devoida1400 shifta1400 avyec1440 trussa1450 deferc1480 remove1530 convey1535 subtractc1540 subduce1542 retire?1548 substract1549 room1566 to take off1620 to make oneself scarce1809 1549 [see substracting n.]. c1560 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. 8 I will Desyre na thing erar..than to substract me fra þe sicht of sik miseriis. 1613 P. Forbes Exquisite Comm. Reuelation St. Iohn xiii. 114 The Dragon,..finding that his open rage had not the desteined successe,..substracteth himselfe in a sort, and substituteth this viceroy of his kingdome. a1683 A. Sidney Disc. Govt. (1698) ii. §xxiv. 199 Appius Claudius and Oppius having by voluntary death substracted themselves from publick punishment, their Collegues were only banished. 1744 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 519/1 We ought to hire those [mercenaries] who have no pretensions to substract themselves from the authority of Lilliputian commanders. 1770 L. Nihell Rational Self-love ix. 87 Who can justly find fault with..him, who endeavours to substract himself from Pain, when his submitting to it can bring him no sort of Pleasure, or Advantage? 1869 W. Carleton Poor Scholar 51 You'll be apt to substract yourself from this neighbourhood. 1895 N. Carolina Rep. 116 116 It [sc. a telegraph company] can not substract itself from obedience to the rates prescribed by the authority of the State. 1969 I. Scott Roman Question & Powers ii. 70 In order to substract himself from the influence of the pope's soft and temporizing personality, Antonelli moved his staff..to the vicinity of Naples. 2. transitive and intransitive. Mathematics. = subtract v. 3.Later examples may be typographical errors for subtract. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > perform arithmetic or algebraic operations [verb (transitive)] > subtract to do awayOE drawc1392 to take out of ——a1398 to take offa1400 withdrawc1400 subtray?c1425 ydraw?c1425 surtretec1440 to take away?1537 rebate1543 subtract1543 subduct?1556 substra?1558 pull?a1560 subduce?a1560 substract1559 to pull back?1574 difference1658 take1798 minus1963 1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 93 I cannot substract the greatest declination of the sonne, answering the first degre of Capricorn, in the table of declination. 1597 F. Meres Gods Arithm. f. 2 The other two begin from the left, and doe substract and diuide, and these bee the Deuils. 1647 W. Lilly Christian Astrol. iv. 41 Added together, they make 43^h 03^m, from which in regard they are more then 24 hours, I substract 24. 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Nature This Motion..if the Body were in Motion before, is either to be added to it, as if the Motions conspire, or substracted from it, as where contrary. 1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 624 3″, 25, which, substracted from 110° 30′ 13″, 25, leaves 110° 30′ 10″. 1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. 108 If from the square of the side opposite the right angle, the square of the given side be substracted, the remainder will be the square of the third side. 1914 Astron. Jrnl. 28 107/1 Two-thirds of the third column is substracted from the first column. 2001 P. Moore 2002 Yearbk. Astron. 10 If Summer Time is in use, the clocks will have been advanced by one hour, and this hour must be substracted from the clock time to give Standard Time. 3. gen. a. transitive. To take away, remove. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > deduct [verb (transitive)] abatec1400 rebate1425 batec1440 minishc1483 diminish?1504 detract1509 detray1509 deduct1524 defalkc1540 defalcate1541 subtray1549 derogate1561 discount1561 deduce?1566 substract1592 to strike off1597 reduct1600 subtract1610 subduct1716 to knock off1811 dock1891 shave1961 minus1963 1592 Profitable & Necessarie Disc. Bad Garbelling of Spices v. 14 The ancient order..was..but in one sorte the drie pepper by it selfe without substracting the greatest [sc. highest quality] from the same. 1613 E. Hoby Counter-snarle 25 My course hath euer beene..to substract many ounces, from that ordinary opinion, which men of his profession doe..intertaine. 1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. I. iv. 23 Those must likewise bee substracted from the English, who were left to guard Jury. 1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety Pref. sig. A 5 What vanity..have we substracted, upon the sense of Gods anger? 1744 J. Harris Three Treat. ii. i. 57 There must be substracted from these [sc. media of visible objects] the Medium of Motion. 1755 G. Lavington Moravians Compared 157 What are not found in their proper Places, these he substracted with equal Audaciousness. 1821 J. Bentham Elements Art of Packing 262 When all lawyers and all non-lawyers are substracted, how many have you left? 1841 J. C. Calhoun Speech in Wks. (1856) III. 640 The voice of those to whom what is substracted from them [in taxes] goes, must be made more potent and influential. 1910 W. Blair Kildermoch 121 Wi' a' its superfluities substractit frae it. 1921 G. D. Herron Defeat in Victory i. 12 I would not substract an iota from the glory immortally due unto France's great Christian soldier. 1995 S. Hill Jack's Dilemma 94 Let him talk nah! Ah go work arithmetic in he mouth, dat is ah go substract he teeth. b. intransitive. To remove something; spec. (with from) to diminish, reduce; to detract from. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > deduct [verb (intransitive)] subtray?c1425 abatec1467 detracta1592 substract1637 debate1658 subtract1682 1637 R. Monro Exped. Scots Regim. ii. 142 He suffered no grasse to grow where his Army did tread,..diminishing and substracting from the reputation of other Generalls, till he obtained the name and fame of the most valiant..Generall that served the Emperour. 1656 P. Heylyn Extraneus Vapulans 300 Our Authors false Arithmetique in Substracting from his own errours, and multiplying the suposed mistakes of the Observator. 1722 R. Blackmore Redemption vi. 313 They now substract, and now additions make, Now hurtful words for favourable change. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 467 By evaporating, by cooling, or by substracting from the fluid. 1804 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1835) III. 15 A..resistance to every thing like an abuse in the service which can tend to substract from the efficiency of the corps in the field. a1832 J. Bentham Chrestomathia in Wks. (1843) VIII. 188/1 So far from adding to, it will substract from, the quantity of labour necessary. 1928 H. G. Baynes & C. F. Baynes tr. C. G. Jung Contrib. Analyt. Psychol. 235 The author submits his material to a definite treatment that is both directed and purposeful; he adds to it and substracts from it. 1988 R. Tallis In Def. of Realism (1998) iii. viii. 160 Worse still, it could be argued that the work of literary critics adds to, rather than merely failing to substract from, the sum total of oppression in the world. †4. transitive. To belittle, disparage. Cf. substractor n. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > disparagement or depreciation > disparage or depreciate [verb (transitive)] littleeOE low1340 dispraisec1386 minish1402 deroge1427 detractc1449 descryc1450 detrayc1475 dismerit1484 decline1509 vilipend1509 disprize?1518 disable1528 derogatea1530 elevate1541 disparagea1556 detrect1563 debase1565 demerit1576 vilify1586 disgrace1589 detracta1592 besparage1592 enervate1593 obtrect1595 extenuate1601 disvalue1605 disparagon1610 undervalue1611 avile1615 debaucha1616 to cry down1616 debate1622 decry1641 atomize1645 underrate1646 naucify1653 dedignify1654 stuprate1655 de-ample1657 dismagn1657 slur1660 voguec1661 depreciate1666 to run down1671 baffle1674 lacken1674 sneer1706 diminish1712 substract1728 down1780 belittle1789 carbonify1792 to speak scorn of1861 to give one a back-cap1903 minoritize1947 mauvais langue1952 rubbish1953 down-talk1959 marginalize1970 marginate1970 trash1975 neg1987 1728 R. North Mem. Musick (1846) 114 Every one..spightfull to each other, and out of emulation substracting their skill in performing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1542
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