substraten.

Brit.

/ˈsʌbstreɪt/, U.S.

/ˈsəbˌstreɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin substratum.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin substratum substratum n. Compare earlier substratum n. and the foreign-language nouns cited at that entry.In specific use in sense 3 ultimately after Italian substrato: see note at substratum n.

1. A thing which underlies or forms the basis of another; a substratum, a foundation. Frequently figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > metaphysics > [noun] > matter or substance

substancea1398

first substance1551

subject1590

hypostasis1605

byss1649

body1651

substratum1651

support1660

general substance1697

supporter1697

substrate1730

object-subject1867

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > foundations > parts of

foundation stone1651

touching1663

footstone1728

substrate1730

found1818

air drain1833

damp-course1876

damp-proof course1876

foundation-trench1942

foundation deposit1955

1730 T. Melvil Script. Doctr. Divine Grace ii. 42 He who determines the Act, must likewise will the Sin, because the substrate here cannot be separated from it.

1774 E. Long Hist. Jamaica II. iii. vii. 3 The walls continued standing till a season of heavy rain came on; when they fairly dissolved into a substrate of lime.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 34 That common substrate which is diffused around us in every direction, and constitutes the whole of the visible world.

a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1838) III. 379 The substrate or causa invisibilis may be the noumenon or actuality, das Ding in sich, of Christ's humanity, as well as the Ding in sich of which the sensation, bread, is the appearance.

1861 R. C. Trench Comm. Epist. 7 Churches Asia 174 That the substrate of this language, and, so to say, the suggestion of this thought, is to be sought at Isaiah 22, there can be no reasonable doubt.

1897 A. Kroeger tr. J. G. Fichte Sci. Ethics 115 Let us assume an external cause directed upon the substrate of the impulse.

1910 Contemp. Rev. July 28 There is reason to believe that the fur substrate [of the garment] was then withdrawn.

1990 A. Stevens On Jung v. 83 The idea of the moral order and of God belong to the ineradicable substrate of the human soul.

2. Biology. The surface or material on which any particular organism occurs or grows. Cf. substratum n. 4c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > environment or habitat > [noun] > portion of

subregion1830

province1847

realm1854

substrate1876

quadrat1904

transect1905

biotope1909

basal cover1923

microhabitat1931

basal area1938

tetrad1963

1876 Med. Times & Gaz. 18 May 521/2 What is the substrate on which the mildew was subsisting at the time when the migration into the living substrate took place?

1882 E. Tuckerman Synopsis N. Amer. Lichens I. p. vii As regards external form, lichens differ according as they ascend vertically from the substrate, or are spread out horizontally upon it.

1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. xxv. 479 The dead cells do not provide a suitable substrate for the fungus, and it dies.

1949 W. C. Allee et al. Princ. Animal Ecol. x. 158 The surface of water is an important substrate for life, though not nearly so important as the surface of land.

1976 Nature 15 July p. xiii (advt.) An order of Crustacea common on sandy or muddy substrates all round the European coasts.

2010 Observer 21 Mar. (Guide to Pets) 61/2 The giant african land snail requires a humid environment with a damp substrate, deep enough for it to bury itself in.

3. Linguistics. A linguistic foundation; a language which (historically) forms the basis of another; (now esp.) a language already spoken in a particular region which affects another superimposed by a dominant (typically a conquering) group and contributes to the formation of a Creole. Cf. substratum n. 5.See also adstrate n., superstrate n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > [noun] > linguistic change > specific features or processes involved in > language containing relics of earlier language

substrate1879

substratum1908

substrate language1926

substratum language1962

1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. p. xix A Prakrit grammar grew up beside the Sanskrit grammar, according to the rules of which Prakrit could be made indefinitely on a substrate of Sanskrit.

1907 W. Ridgeway Who were Romans? 34 Modern Irish and Welsh..are no more to be considered non-Aryan than Sanskrit, which even Professor Burrows will hardly regard as having a substrate like ancient Egyptian.

1963 Eng. Philol. Stud. 8 37 The basis [of Pitcairnese] is English, while the substrate is of immense complexity; it would be difficult, probably impossible, to enumerate its languages completely.

1971 B. Mafeni in J. Spencer Eng. Lang. W. Afr. 97 The substrates, in the case of Nigerian Pidgin, are potentially many and varied.

2010 A. N. Lenz in P. Auer & J. E. Schmidt Lang. & Space iii. xvii. 305 In this phase, High German high varieties with varying Low German substrates spread out across the Low German area.

4. Chemistry. The substance which a particular agent or reagent acts on; esp. (Biochemistry) the molecule which a particular enzyme acts on, bringing about a specific transformation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > substances involved in > reactant

substrate1904

reactant1916

1904 A. E. Taylor in Univ. Calif. Publ. Pathol. 1 14 In an acid hydrolysis a fraction of the actual substrate is hydrolyzed in each moment.

1924 K. G. Falk Chem. Enzyme Actions (ed. 2) v. 116 Fischer's lock-and-key simile for the mutual getting together of substrate and enzyme, each fitting in with the other.

1936 Nature 10 Oct. 651/2 This result affords some support for the suggestion that the ‘substrates’ upon which carcinogens act are protein in nature.

1984 J. F. Lamb et al. Essent. Physiol. (ed. 2) xi. 326 Hormones are carriers of information to cells rather than substrates for cell enzymes to work on.

2009 W. G. Hopkins & N. P. A. Hüner Introd. Plant Physiol. (ed. 4) viii. 148/1 Irreversible inhibitors act by chemically modifying the active site so that the substrate can no longer bind.

5. Materials Science. Any bulk phase or material to which a film, coating, etc., is applied.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > a layer > [noun] > an underlying layer

substrature1726

substratum1730

understratum1731

litter1848

underlay1883

underlayer1896

substrate1918

the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > underlying layer

substrature1726

substratum1730

bottoming1823

substrate1918

underlayment1956

1918 T. H. Pope tr. V. Villavecchia Appl. Analyt. Chem. II. xv. 367 Covering Power.—This is the power of a pigment, when applied with a suitable medium to a substrate of different colour, to conceal (cover) the latter.

1948 Industr. & Engin. Chem. Mar. 400/1 Primary emphasis in fire retardance has been directed to coatings or impregnants which will protect a combustible substrate.

1967 Times Rev. Industry May 76/1 The use of polythene in coating paper and other substrates for packaging a variety of goods.

2009 B. D. Cullity & C. D. Graham Introd. Magn. Materials (ed. 2) xv. 506 A flexible or rigid substrate coated with a magnetic layer is moved past a write head, which is effectively a miniature electromagnet.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (chiefly in technical senses). Cf. substrate adj.

ΚΠ

1904 A. E. Taylor in Univ. Calif. Publ. Pathol. 1 33 With a constant ferment concentration, variations in the substrate concentration were followed by absolute quantitative variations in the products.

1936 W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. v. 112 The latter [enzyme] acts as an acceptor of the activated hydrogen in the substrate molecule which is..thereby oxidized.

1950 Behaviour Suppl. No. 1. 2 The representatives of this type lay their eggs on some substrate: stones, plant leaves, glass walls etc. (substrate spawners).

1967 Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 16 92/1 Many enzymes exist in tissues as..isoenzymes, which have similar substrate specificity but differ in their electrophoretic mobilities.

1992 Professional Engin. Nov. 50/4 The cleaners are designed to prepare the substrate surface prior to electroless nickel deposition.

1995 Your Cat Oct. 24/1 Treatment involves slowly transferring the cat's substrate preference from the carpet to cat litter.

2003 FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 218 257 The enzymes showed excellent substrate conversion for penicillin G, phenethicillin, ampicillin and carbenicillin.

C2.

substrate language n. Linguistics = sense 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > [noun] > linguistic change > specific features or processes involved in > language containing relics of earlier language

substrate1879

substratum1908

substrate language1926

substratum language1962

1926 Slavonic Rev. 5 217 The latent persistence and final victorious emergence of the pre-ethnic habits of a substrate language.

1957 Archivum Linguisticum 9 130 The present work does..take into account..the influence, which has been considerable, of the substrate languages.

1989 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 34 352 Creole languages have been described as consisting of the lexicon of their superstrate languages and the syntax of their substrate languages.

2003 Mod. Lang. Rev. 98 473 This chapter takes a sprint through the relevant varieties of Latin and the substrate, adstrate, and superstrate languages in question.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

substrateadj.

Brit.

/ˈsʌbstreɪt/, U.S.

/ˈsəbˌstreɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin substrātus, substernere.

Etymology: < classical Latin substrātus, past participle of substernere (see substrate v.). Compare earlier substrated adj. Compare also earlier substratum n.

That forms the substratum or base of something; that lies below or at the bottom of something; underlying. Cf. substratal adj., substrative adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [adjective]

fundamental1588

primal1619

groundinga1641

radical1648

radicative1657

ultimate1659

substrated1663

substrate1678

foundational1683

principial1699

basic1846

basal1866

substratal1881

nuclear1912

gut1964

blue skies1985

the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective] > situated or placed under

underlaida1100

subjected?a1425

suppositivec1475

subject?1541

subjacent1598

subterjacent1598

underlying1611

subjunct1639

supposite1640

suppedaneous1646

subordinate1648

subdititious1657

substrated1663

succumbent1664

subtended1670

substrate1678

subadjacent1722

supposed1766

subtending1777

substrative1823

underset1845

infraposed1854

substant1883

underneath1894

underlappingc1900

1678 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. iii. 2 Sin, as to its material constitution, has for its substrate mater or subject some natural good.

1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician xiv. 476 The Womb..has no proper Substrate Matter to breed a Callus.

1715 E. Barlow Meteorol. Ess. i. iv. 119 Such is the Adhesion of the Incumbent Air, to the substrate Water.

1792 W. Nichelson Treat. Pract. Navigation & Seamanship Introd. p. xliv The superjected Wind and the substrate sea must naturally stir up each other's motion.

1844 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 55 668 The Thought..remains; the substrate, absolute, essential, generic notion.

1907 Psychol. Bull. 4 71 Feelings of the imagination attaching directly through habit with substrate ideas.

1964 Ecology 45 718/2 A qualitative examination of the substrate rocks from the second ridge.

2001 Cottage Post 17 May 19/1 The intonaco is applied to a plywood board that has been covered with a wire mesh and a substrate layer of plaster.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

substratev.

Brit.

/ˌsʌbˈstreɪt/, U.S.

/ˌsəbˈstreɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin substrāt-, substernere.

Etymology: < classical Latin substrāt-, past participial stem of substernere to spread out or extend under, to strew, in post-classical Latin also to subject, devote (from c1100 in British sources), to treat as (logical) subject (from 13th cent. in British sources) < sub- sub- prefix + sternere to throw or lay down (see stratum n.). Compare later substrate n., substrate adj.

1. transitive. To lie or be situated under as a support or foundation; to provide with a substratum; (in extended use) to be the basis, cause, or underlying principle of. Chiefly in passive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > low position > put in low position [verb (transitive)] > have position under > constitute the base of

support1548

substrate1578

solea1643

floor1698

found1728

base1858

under-floor1884

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 9^v It substrateth the brayne, no otherwise then a ground or foundation thereto.

1654 R. Vilvain tr. Enchiridium Epigr. i. ix. 4 Nature, Fate, Fortune, Chance in things created, Cleerly appear by Law divine substrated.

1802 J. McParlan Stat. Surv. County Leitrim 9 The tops and sides of most of those hills in the southern parts are surfaced with a thin stratum of hungry ferruginous loam, and this loam substrated with a hard gravel of the same complexion with the hill.

1860 Chesson & Woodhall's Misc. Dec. 104/1 A true type must substrate every species, however opposite in modification of the type.

1922 Abridged Sci. Publ. from Res. Lab. Eastman Kodak Company 5 100 The support is substrated with hardened gelatin before being coated with emulsion.

2002 S. W. Itzkoff in G. A. Cory & R. Gardner Evolutionary Neuroethol. Paul Maclean xiv. 259 To show that human behavior is substrated by neurological structures inherited from our ancient reptilian and mammalian ancestors.

†2. transitive. To place or lay (something) as a foundation or substratum of something else; to regard as a cause or basis. Chiefly in passive (frequently with to). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > low position > put in low position [verb (transitive)] > place under

underlayc1000

underputc1220

underseta1340

supposec1450

subject1578

substrate1578

suppone1611

subterpose1881

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 35 Talus..prostrated vnder Tibia, and Fibula, and subiect to their Appendances, although it seeme onely substrated to Tibia.

a1646 W. Twisse Riches of Gods Love (1653) i. ii. 25 All efficiency both divine and humane is found only about the act substrate unto sinne.

1701 T. Beverley Grand Apoc. Question 17 From these two things Substrated, or lay'd in the Foundation, I proceed to raise the Convincing Proofs.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.1730

adj.1678

v.1578

单词	substrate
释义	substraten. Brit. /ˈsʌbstreɪt/, U.S. /ˈsəbˌstreɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin substratum. Etymology: < post-classical Latin substratum substratum n. Compare earlier substratum n. and the foreign-language nouns cited at that entry.In specific use in sense 3 ultimately after Italian substrato: see note at substratum n. 1. A thing which underlies or forms the basis of another; a substratum, a foundation. Frequently figurative. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > metaphysics > [noun] > matter or substance substancea1398 first substance1551 subject1590 hypostasis1605 byss1649 body1651 substratum1651 support1660 general substance1697 supporter1697 substrate1730 object-subject1867 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > foundations > parts of foundation stone1651 touching1663 footstone1728 substrate1730 found1818 air drain1833 damp-course1876 damp-proof course1876 foundation-trench1942 foundation deposit1955 1730 T. Melvil Script. Doctr. Divine Grace ii. 42 He who determines the Act, must likewise will the Sin, because the substrate here cannot be separated from it. 1774 E. Long Hist. Jamaica II. iii. vii. 3 The walls continued standing till a season of heavy rain came on; when they fairly dissolved into a substrate of lime. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 34 That common substrate which is diffused around us in every direction, and constitutes the whole of the visible world. a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1838) III. 379 The substrate or causa invisibilis may be the noumenon or actuality, das Ding in sich, of Christ's humanity, as well as the Ding in sich of which the sensation, bread, is the appearance. 1861 R. C. Trench Comm. Epist. 7 Churches Asia 174 That the substrate of this language, and, so to say, the suggestion of this thought, is to be sought at Isaiah 22, there can be no reasonable doubt. 1897 A. Kroeger tr. J. G. Fichte Sci. Ethics 115 Let us assume an external cause directed upon the substrate of the impulse. 1910 Contemp. Rev. July 28 There is reason to believe that the fur substrate [of the garment] was then withdrawn. 1990 A. Stevens On Jung v. 83 The idea of the moral order and of God belong to the ineradicable substrate of the human soul. 2. Biology. The surface or material on which any particular organism occurs or grows. Cf. substratum n. 4c. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > balance of nature > environment or habitat > [noun] > portion of subregion1830 province1847 realm1854 substrate1876 quadrat1904 transect1905 biotope1909 basal cover1923 microhabitat1931 basal area1938 tetrad1963 1876 Med. Times & Gaz. 18 May 521/2 What is the substrate on which the mildew was subsisting at the time when the migration into the living substrate took place? 1882 E. Tuckerman Synopsis N. Amer. Lichens I. p. vii As regards external form, lichens differ according as they ascend vertically from the substrate, or are spread out horizontally upon it. 1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. xxv. 479 The dead cells do not provide a suitable substrate for the fungus, and it dies. 1949 W. C. Allee et al. Princ. Animal Ecol. x. 158 The surface of water is an important substrate for life, though not nearly so important as the surface of land. 1976 Nature 15 July p. xiii (advt.) An order of Crustacea common on sandy or muddy substrates all round the European coasts. 2010 Observer 21 Mar. (Guide to Pets) 61/2 The giant african land snail requires a humid environment with a damp substrate, deep enough for it to bury itself in. 3. Linguistics. A linguistic foundation; a language which (historically) forms the basis of another; (now esp.) a language already spoken in a particular region which affects another superimposed by a dominant (typically a conquering) group and contributes to the formation of a Creole. Cf. substratum n. 5.See also adstrate n., superstrate n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > [noun] > linguistic change > specific features or processes involved in > language containing relics of earlier language substrate1879 substratum1908 substrate language1926 substratum language1962 1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. p. xix A Prakrit grammar grew up beside the Sanskrit grammar, according to the rules of which Prakrit could be made indefinitely on a substrate of Sanskrit. 1907 W. Ridgeway Who were Romans? 34 Modern Irish and Welsh..are no more to be considered non-Aryan than Sanskrit, which even Professor Burrows will hardly regard as having a substrate like ancient Egyptian. 1963 Eng. Philol. Stud. 8 37 The basis [of Pitcairnese] is English, while the substrate is of immense complexity; it would be difficult, probably impossible, to enumerate its languages completely. 1971 B. Mafeni in J. Spencer Eng. Lang. W. Afr. 97 The substrates, in the case of Nigerian Pidgin, are potentially many and varied. 2010 A. N. Lenz in P. Auer & J. E. Schmidt Lang. & Space iii. xvii. 305 In this phase, High German high varieties with varying Low German substrates spread out across the Low German area. 4. Chemistry. The substance which a particular agent or reagent acts on; esp. (Biochemistry) the molecule which a particular enzyme acts on, bringing about a specific transformation. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > substances involved in > reactant substrate1904 reactant1916 1904 A. E. Taylor in Univ. Calif. Publ. Pathol. 1 14 In an acid hydrolysis a fraction of the actual substrate is hydrolyzed in each moment. 1924 K. G. Falk Chem. Enzyme Actions (ed. 2) v. 116 Fischer's lock-and-key simile for the mutual getting together of substrate and enzyme, each fitting in with the other. 1936 Nature 10 Oct. 651/2 This result affords some support for the suggestion that the ‘substrates’ upon which carcinogens act are protein in nature. 1984 J. F. Lamb et al. Essent. Physiol. (ed. 2) xi. 326 Hormones are carriers of information to cells rather than substrates for cell enzymes to work on. 2009 W. G. Hopkins & N. P. A. Hüner Introd. Plant Physiol. (ed. 4) viii. 148/1 Irreversible inhibitors act by chemically modifying the active site so that the substrate can no longer bind. 5. Materials Science. Any bulk phase or material to which a film, coating, etc., is applied. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > a layer > [noun] > an underlying layer substrature1726 substratum1730 understratum1731 litter1848 underlay1883 underlayer1896 substrate1918 the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > underlying layer substrature1726 substratum1730 bottoming1823 substrate1918 underlayment1956 1918 T. H. Pope tr. V. Villavecchia Appl. Analyt. Chem. II. xv. 367 Covering Power.—This is the power of a pigment, when applied with a suitable medium to a substrate of different colour, to conceal (cover) the latter. 1948 Industr. & Engin. Chem. Mar. 400/1 Primary emphasis in fire retardance has been directed to coatings or impregnants which will protect a combustible substrate. 1967 Times Rev. Industry May 76/1 The use of polythene in coating paper and other substrates for packaging a variety of goods. 2009 B. D. Cullity & C. D. Graham Introd. Magn. Materials (ed. 2) xv. 506 A flexible or rigid substrate coated with a magnetic layer is moved past a write head, which is effectively a miniature electromagnet. Compounds C1. General attributive (chiefly in technical senses). Cf. substrate adj. ΚΠ 1904 A. E. Taylor in Univ. Calif. Publ. Pathol. 1 33 With a constant ferment concentration, variations in the substrate concentration were followed by absolute quantitative variations in the products. 1936 W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. v. 112 The latter [enzyme] acts as an acceptor of the activated hydrogen in the substrate molecule which is..thereby oxidized. 1950 Behaviour Suppl. No. 1. 2 The representatives of this type lay their eggs on some substrate: stones, plant leaves, glass walls etc. (substrate spawners). 1967 Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 16 92/1 Many enzymes exist in tissues as..isoenzymes, which have similar substrate specificity but differ in their electrophoretic mobilities. 1992 Professional Engin. Nov. 50/4 The cleaners are designed to prepare the substrate surface prior to electroless nickel deposition. 1995 Your Cat Oct. 24/1 Treatment involves slowly transferring the cat's substrate preference from the carpet to cat litter. 2003 FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 218 257 The enzymes showed excellent substrate conversion for penicillin G, phenethicillin, ampicillin and carbenicillin. C2. substrate language n. Linguistics = sense 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > [noun] > linguistic change > specific features or processes involved in > language containing relics of earlier language substrate1879 substratum1908 substrate language1926 substratum language1962 1926 Slavonic Rev. 5 217 The latent persistence and final victorious emergence of the pre-ethnic habits of a substrate language. 1957 Archivum Linguisticum 9 130 The present work does..take into account..the influence, which has been considerable, of the substrate languages. 1989 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 34 352 Creole languages have been described as consisting of the lexicon of their superstrate languages and the syntax of their substrate languages. 2003 Mod. Lang. Rev. 98 473 This chapter takes a sprint through the relevant varieties of Latin and the substrate, adstrate, and superstrate languages in question. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). substrateadj. Brit. /ˈsʌbstreɪt/, U.S. /ˈsəbˌstreɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin substrātus, substernere. Etymology: < classical Latin substrātus, past participle of substernere (see substrate v.). Compare earlier substrated adj. Compare also earlier substratum n. That forms the substratum or base of something; that lies below or at the bottom of something; underlying. Cf. substratal adj., substrative adj. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [adjective] fundamental1588 primal1619 groundinga1641 radical1648 radicative1657 ultimate1659 substrated1663 substrate1678 foundational1683 principial1699 basic1846 basal1866 substratal1881 nuclear1912 gut1964 blue skies1985 the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective] > situated or placed under underlaida1100 subjected?a1425 suppositivec1475 subject?1541 subjacent1598 subterjacent1598 underlying1611 subjunct1639 supposite1640 suppedaneous1646 subordinate1648 subdititious1657 substrated1663 succumbent1664 subtended1670 substrate1678 subadjacent1722 supposed1766 subtending1777 substrative1823 underset1845 infraposed1854 substant1883 underneath1894 underlappingc1900 1678 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. iii. 2 Sin, as to its material constitution, has for its substrate mater or subject some natural good. 1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician xiv. 476 The Womb..has no proper Substrate Matter to breed a Callus. 1715 E. Barlow Meteorol. Ess. i. iv. 119 Such is the Adhesion of the Incumbent Air, to the substrate Water. 1792 W. Nichelson Treat. Pract. Navigation & Seamanship Introd. p. xliv The superjected Wind and the substrate sea must naturally stir up each other's motion. 1844 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 55 668 The Thought..remains; the substrate, absolute, essential, generic notion. 1907 Psychol. Bull. 4 71 Feelings of the imagination attaching directly through habit with substrate ideas. 1964 Ecology 45 718/2 A qualitative examination of the substrate rocks from the second ridge. 2001 Cottage Post 17 May 19/1 The intonaco is applied to a plywood board that has been covered with a wire mesh and a substrate layer of plaster. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). substratev. Brit. /ˌsʌbˈstreɪt/, U.S. /ˌsəbˈstreɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin substrāt-, substernere. Etymology: < classical Latin substrāt-, past participial stem of substernere to spread out or extend under, to strew, in post-classical Latin also to subject, devote (from c1100 in British sources), to treat as (logical) subject (from 13th cent. in British sources) < sub- sub- prefix + sternere to throw or lay down (see stratum n.). Compare later substrate n., substrate adj. 1. transitive. To lie or be situated under as a support or foundation; to provide with a substratum; (in extended use) to be the basis, cause, or underlying principle of. Chiefly in passive. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > low position > put in low position [verb (transitive)] > have position under > constitute the base of support1548 substrate1578 solea1643 floor1698 found1728 base1858 under-floor1884 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 9^v It substrateth the brayne, no otherwise then a ground or foundation thereto. 1654 R. Vilvain tr. Enchiridium Epigr. i. ix. 4 Nature, Fate, Fortune, Chance in things created, Cleerly appear by Law divine substrated. 1802 J. McParlan Stat. Surv. County Leitrim 9 The tops and sides of most of those hills in the southern parts are surfaced with a thin stratum of hungry ferruginous loam, and this loam substrated with a hard gravel of the same complexion with the hill. 1860 Chesson & Woodhall's Misc. Dec. 104/1 A true type must substrate every species, however opposite in modification of the type. 1922 Abridged Sci. Publ. from Res. Lab. Eastman Kodak Company 5 100 The support is substrated with hardened gelatin before being coated with emulsion. 2002 S. W. Itzkoff in G. A. Cory & R. Gardner Evolutionary Neuroethol. Paul Maclean xiv. 259 To show that human behavior is substrated by neurological structures inherited from our ancient reptilian and mammalian ancestors. †2. transitive. To place or lay (something) as a foundation or substratum of something else; to regard as a cause or basis. Chiefly in passive (frequently with to). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > low position > put in low position [verb (transitive)] > place under underlayc1000 underputc1220 underseta1340 supposec1450 subject1578 substrate1578 suppone1611 subterpose1881 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 35 Talus..prostrated vnder Tibia, and Fibula, and subiect to their Appendances, although it seeme onely substrated to Tibia. a1646 W. Twisse Riches of Gods Love (1653) i. ii. 25 All efficiency both divine and humane is found only about the act substrate unto sinne. 1701 T. Beverley Grand Apoc. Question 17 From these two things Substrated, or lay'd in the Foundation, I proceed to raise the Convincing Proofs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1730adj.1678v.1578
随便看	compositive compositively compositor compositor's cramp compositorial compositors compositous compositress compositum compositums composituously compositure compossessioner compossessor compossibility compossible compost compost bin compost-heap compostable composted composter composters compostheap composting