substructuren.

Brit.

/ˈsʌbˌstrʌktʃə/, U.S.

/ˈsəbˌstrək(t)ʃər/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: sub- prefix, structure n.

Etymology: < sub- prefix + structure n. Compare earlier substruction n.

1. The basis or foundation of something abstract, immaterial, or intellectual; the underlying structure of a system of ideas, culture, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > base on which a thing rests

staddlea900

groundc950

base?c1335

standinga1382

foundation1398

basingc1400

bottom1440

subjecta1500

groundworka1557

basis?a1560

pedestal1563

understand1580

footwork1611

centrea1616

underwork1624

skaddle1635

substructure1641

foot piece1657

pediment1660

seat1661

sedes1662

under-warp1668

plantationa1680

terrace1735

substructure1789

footing1791

seating1805

1641 W. Montagu Coppy of Let. 13 Those substructures of Popery opposed, some by one man, some by an other.

a1733 S. Harris Comm. 53rd Chap. Isa. (1735) Pref. 16 A Substructure of their Chronology, Geography, and History.

1790 E. Ledwich Antiq. Ireland 2 Writers..made the substructure of their reputation, a thorough acquaintance with classic authors.

1851 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 1850 19: Pt. i 7 The kingdom of Menes..rests upon a venerable substructure of several centuries of the Nile valley.

1875 E. White Life in Christ (1878) i. viii. 73 No decisive anticipation of immortality for mankind as a substructure for religious faith can be deduced.

1920 M. Beer Hist. Brit. Socialism (1929) II. iv. xv. 314 They could not have stood yet a clear-cut socialist programme, based on the theory of class warfare or any other doctrinal substructure.

1979 A. Storr Art of Psychotherapy iii. 21 Enquiry revealed a paranoid substructure to his phobic state.

2008 Church Times 7 Mar. 33/4 The Narnia books by C. S. Lewis received, on the whole, a critical kicking, its Christian substructure undercutting its value as a work of fiction.

a. Architecture. The lower or supporting part of a building or other construction; (sometimes) spec. the foundations.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > foundation(s)

staddlea900

ground-stathelnessa1300

foundation1398

groundsel1433

ground-pinning1448

underpinning1538

groundworka1557

footing1611

substruction1624

under-filling1624

substructure1726

found1818

pinninga1825

well1832

soling1838

masonite1840

ground-statheling-

1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. iii. ix. 48/2 These..Stones must be..well link'd with the under Courses, so as to make a kind of pavement at top to..protect the Substructure [It. quasi che..si coprano le cose murate di sotto; L. ut quasi superaddito pavimento subinstructa operiantur].

1840 H. W. Longfellow Skeleton in Armour Introd. The substructure of a windmill.

1861 A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedral of 19th Cent. 89 The moderate scantlings..obviate the risk of the roof crushing down the substructure.

1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 284/1 The substructure of a bridge consists of foundations, abutments, and piers.

1884 Manch. Examiner 19 Dec. 5/3 The sub-structure of the pier.

1930 Engineering 18 Apr. 503/3 All substructure and false work were removed.

1954 R. Wailes Eng. Windmill i. 8 The tall brick roundhouse at Saxtead Green..protects the substructure of the mill.

2007 Archit. Rev. Feb. 76/2 Because the walkway itself is narrower than the substructure,..users cannot peer directly downward.

b. gen. The supporting structure or base of something, esp. a natural feature.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > base on which a thing rests

staddlea900

groundc950

base?c1335

standinga1382

foundation1398

basingc1400

bottom1440

subjecta1500

groundworka1557

basis?a1560

pedestal1563

understand1580

footwork1611

centrea1616

underwork1624

skaddle1635

substructure1641

foot piece1657

pediment1660

seat1661

sedes1662

under-warp1668

plantationa1680

terrace1735

substructure1789

footing1791

seating1805

1789 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Glocestershire II. 8 The substructure, or natural materials of which these hills are composed, can only be guest at.

1826 Monthly Rev. Apr. 408 Still the coral insect, the diminutive builder of all these mighty piles, is at work: the ocean is intersected with myriads of those lines of foundation; and when the rocky substructure shall have excluded the sea, then will come the dominion of man.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxvii. 271 This glacier..sloped gradually upward..and then, following the irregularities of its rocky sub-structure, suddenly became a steep crevassed hill.

1935 Geogr. Rev. 25 180 The rocky substructure, the soil mantle, or the vegetation cover of the earth's surface.

2002 E. P. Miller Vegetative Soul v. 141 Both the animal and the plant, then, carry death within them, the plant in its woody substructure, the animal in its skeleton.

3. A structure, or set of structures, forming part of a larger whole; a component. Also as a mass noun: structures of this kind.

ΚΠ

1896 L. F. Ward in Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 2 243 There is always danger of overlooking the true character of structures. They are almost always composite and consist of what may be called substructures.

1913 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S. 49 583 The branch of this ramus which innervates internal substructures bends towards the interior of the body.

1944 Sociometry 7 311 Group substructures such as cliques.

1963 Nature 18 May 651/2 If the flashes are real, either the optical source itself is of the order of light-days in size, or..it must contain substructures of this scale.

1972 Physics Bull. June 349/1 Although it is comforting and often convenient to consider the proton and neutron as elementary particles with no internal substructure, they are in fact particles in a state of continual change.

1981 D. J. Bellamy & T. J. Bellamy Bellamy's Backyard Safari 16 Monera are all prokaryotes, one characteristic of which is that their cells lack internal substructures called organelles.

2009 B. D. Cullity & C. D. Graham Introd. Magn. Materials (ed. 2) iv. 134 The 2p subshell is actually composed of three sub-subshells..each capable of holding two electrons; the 3d subshell has a similar kind of substructure.

Derivatives

ˈsubstructured adj. having a substructure or foundation (of a specified kind); usually figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective] > relating to or forming a base > having a (specific) base

footedOE

standing1412

well-couchedc1475

bottomed1582

baseda1616

foundeda1616

well-bottomeda1628

well-founded1671

clawed1768

claw-feet1823

substructured1952

1952 H. H. Gerth & D. A. Martindale tr. M. Weber Anc. Judaism iii. x. 254 Babylonia and Egypt knew no unified, religiously substructured [Ger. fundamentierte] ethic.

1958 H. H. Gerth & D. A. Martindale tr. M. Weber Relig. India iv. 147 A metaphysically and cosmologically substructured [Ger. unterbaute] technology of the means to achieve salvation from this world.

1970 Evergreen Rev. June 40/2 In making Events, there was no substructured dramatic relationship between characters.

2001 Oikos 94 94/2 Differences in demographic rates have already been used to investigate the population dynamics of a substructured, but continuous, population.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	substructure
释义	substructuren. Brit. /ˈsʌbˌstrʌktʃə/, U.S. /ˈsəbˌstrək(t)ʃər/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: sub- prefix, structure n. Etymology: < sub- prefix + structure n. Compare earlier substruction n. 1. The basis or foundation of something abstract, immaterial, or intellectual; the underlying structure of a system of ideas, culture, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > base on which a thing rests staddlea900 groundc950 base?c1335 standinga1382 foundation1398 basingc1400 bottom1440 subjecta1500 groundworka1557 basis?a1560 pedestal1563 understand1580 footwork1611 centrea1616 underwork1624 skaddle1635 substructure1641 foot piece1657 pediment1660 seat1661 sedes1662 under-warp1668 plantationa1680 terrace1735 substructure1789 footing1791 seating1805 1641 W. Montagu Coppy of Let. 13 Those substructures of Popery opposed, some by one man, some by an other. a1733 S. Harris Comm. 53rd Chap. Isa. (1735) Pref. 16 A Substructure of their Chronology, Geography, and History. 1790 E. Ledwich Antiq. Ireland 2 Writers..made the substructure of their reputation, a thorough acquaintance with classic authors. 1851 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 1850 19: Pt. i 7 The kingdom of Menes..rests upon a venerable substructure of several centuries of the Nile valley. 1875 E. White Life in Christ (1878) i. viii. 73 No decisive anticipation of immortality for mankind as a substructure for religious faith can be deduced. 1920 M. Beer Hist. Brit. Socialism (1929) II. iv. xv. 314 They could not have stood yet a clear-cut socialist programme, based on the theory of class warfare or any other doctrinal substructure. 1979 A. Storr Art of Psychotherapy iii. 21 Enquiry revealed a paranoid substructure to his phobic state. 2008 Church Times 7 Mar. 33/4 The Narnia books by C. S. Lewis received, on the whole, a critical kicking, its Christian substructure undercutting its value as a work of fiction. 2. a. Architecture. The lower or supporting part of a building or other construction; (sometimes) spec. the foundations. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > foundation(s) staddlea900 ground-stathelnessa1300 foundation1398 groundsel1433 ground-pinning1448 underpinning1538 groundworka1557 footing1611 substruction1624 under-filling1624 substructure1726 found1818 pinninga1825 well1832 soling1838 masonite1840 ground-statheling- 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. iii. ix. 48/2 These..Stones must be..well link'd with the under Courses, so as to make a kind of pavement at top to..protect the Substructure [It. quasi che..si coprano le cose murate di sotto; L. ut quasi superaddito pavimento subinstructa operiantur]. 1840 H. W. Longfellow Skeleton in Armour Introd. The substructure of a windmill. 1861 A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedral of 19th Cent. 89 The moderate scantlings..obviate the risk of the roof crushing down the substructure. 1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 284/1 The substructure of a bridge consists of foundations, abutments, and piers. 1884 Manch. Examiner 19 Dec. 5/3 The sub-structure of the pier. 1930 Engineering 18 Apr. 503/3 All substructure and false work were removed. 1954 R. Wailes Eng. Windmill i. 8 The tall brick roundhouse at Saxtead Green..protects the substructure of the mill. 2007 Archit. Rev. Feb. 76/2 Because the walkway itself is narrower than the substructure,..users cannot peer directly downward. b. gen. The supporting structure or base of something, esp. a natural feature. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > base on which a thing rests staddlea900 groundc950 base?c1335 standinga1382 foundation1398 basingc1400 bottom1440 subjecta1500 groundworka1557 basis?a1560 pedestal1563 understand1580 footwork1611 centrea1616 underwork1624 skaddle1635 substructure1641 foot piece1657 pediment1660 seat1661 sedes1662 under-warp1668 plantationa1680 terrace1735 substructure1789 footing1791 seating1805 1789 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Glocestershire II. 8 The substructure, or natural materials of which these hills are composed, can only be guest at. 1826 Monthly Rev. Apr. 408 Still the coral insect, the diminutive builder of all these mighty piles, is at work: the ocean is intersected with myriads of those lines of foundation; and when the rocky substructure shall have excluded the sea, then will come the dominion of man. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxvii. 271 This glacier..sloped gradually upward..and then, following the irregularities of its rocky sub-structure, suddenly became a steep crevassed hill. 1935 Geogr. Rev. 25 180 The rocky substructure, the soil mantle, or the vegetation cover of the earth's surface. 2002 E. P. Miller Vegetative Soul v. 141 Both the animal and the plant, then, carry death within them, the plant in its woody substructure, the animal in its skeleton. 3. A structure, or set of structures, forming part of a larger whole; a component. Also as a mass noun: structures of this kind. ΚΠ 1896 L. F. Ward in Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 2 243 There is always danger of overlooking the true character of structures. They are almost always composite and consist of what may be called substructures. 1913 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S. 49 583 The branch of this ramus which innervates internal substructures bends towards the interior of the body. 1944 Sociometry 7 311 Group substructures such as cliques. 1963 Nature 18 May 651/2 If the flashes are real, either the optical source itself is of the order of light-days in size, or..it must contain substructures of this scale. 1972 Physics Bull. June 349/1 Although it is comforting and often convenient to consider the proton and neutron as elementary particles with no internal substructure, they are in fact particles in a state of continual change. 1981 D. J. Bellamy & T. J. Bellamy Bellamy's Backyard Safari 16 Monera are all prokaryotes, one characteristic of which is that their cells lack internal substructures called organelles. 2009 B. D. Cullity & C. D. Graham Introd. Magn. Materials (ed. 2) iv. 134 The 2p subshell is actually composed of three sub-subshells..each capable of holding two electrons; the 3d subshell has a similar kind of substructure. Derivatives ˈsubstructured adj. having a substructure or foundation (of a specified kind); usually figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective] > relating to or forming a base > having a (specific) base footedOE standing1412 well-couchedc1475 bottomed1582 baseda1616 foundeda1616 well-bottomeda1628 well-founded1671 clawed1768 claw-feet1823 substructured1952 1952 H. H. Gerth & D. A. Martindale tr. M. Weber Anc. Judaism iii. x. 254 Babylonia and Egypt knew no unified, religiously substructured [Ger. fundamentierte] ethic. 1958 H. H. Gerth & D. A. Martindale tr. M. Weber Relig. India iv. 147 A metaphysically and cosmologically substructured [Ger. unterbaute] technology of the means to achieve salvation from this world. 1970 Evergreen Rev. June 40/2 In making Events, there was no substructured dramatic relationship between characters. 2001 Oikos 94 94/2 Differences in demographic rates have already been used to investigate the population dynamics of a substructured, but continuous, population. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1641
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