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单词 subtilty
释义

subtiltyn.

Brit. /ˈsʌtlti/, /ˈsʌbt(ᵻ)lti/, U.S. /ˈsədldi/, /ˈsədlti/, /ˈsəbtlti/
Forms: late Middle English subteltee, late Middle English subtilete, late Middle English subtyletee, late Middle English–1500s subtelte, late Middle English–1500s subteltie, late Middle English–1500s subtilte, late Middle English–1500s subtiltee, late Middle English–1500s subtylte, late Middle English–1500s subtyltee, late Middle English–1600s subtiltie, 1500s subteltye, 1500s subtyltie, 1500s–1600s subtiltye, 1500s– subtilty, 1600s subtilltie, 1700s subtilety, 1800s subtelty (historical); also Scottish pre-1700 subtelte, pre-1700 subteltee, pre-1700 subteltie, pre-1700 subtelty, pre-1700 subteltye, pre-1700 subtilltie, pre-1700 subtilte, pre-1700 subtiltee, pre-1700 subtiltie. N.E.D. (1915) also records forms late Middle English subtilty, late Middle English subtiltye.
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: subtlety n.; subtility n.
Etymology: Partly an alteration of subtlety n. after subtile adj., and partly a variant of subtility n. with reduction of the final syllable. Compare slightly earlier subtileness n., subtleness n.In modern use, a semantic distinction is sometimes made between this word and subtility n. (see discussion at that entry). On the division of material between this entry and subtlety n. compare discussion at subtle adj. N.E.D. (1915) also gives the pronunciation (sɒ·btilti) /ˈsʌbtɪltɪ/, apparently a spelling pronunciation; this is also occasionally recorded in British pronouncing dictionaries, e.g. in Walker (1794 and later editions), and (as an alternative U.S. pronunciation) by P. Roach and J. Hartman Eng. Pronounc. Dict. (1991).
Now rare (chiefly superseded by subtlety n.).
1.
a. Cunning, craftiness; = subtlety n. 3b. Now somewhat archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > deep or subtle
deepnessa1000
subtletyc1300
subtlehead1340
subtilitya1393
subtlenessa1398
subtiltyc1405
subtilesse?1473
subtileness1474
finesse1522
sleightness1526
profoundness1605
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Squire's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 132 She shal his trayson see His newe loue, and al his subtiltee.
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) v. l. 1254 What subtilte, What newe lust..haue ye to me?
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 142 Sa yat the capitane do jt nocht for subtiltee of decepcioun.
c1530 A. Barclay Egloges iii. sig. Niv Blynded, with frawde and subtylte.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 525 The Englishemen entered by subtiltie into the gate, and so gat the Dongeon.
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. Bv That olde adage, Much curtesie, much subtiltie.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 16 Having experienced his false subtiltie, and knowing that he sought delaies onely till he could have aide from Spaine.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 144 Let him [sc. Satan] tempt and now assay His utmost subtilty . View more context for this quotation
1747 S. Richardson Clarissa I. viii. 50 Thus by subtilty and cunning aiming to distinguish away my duty.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 144. §1 Subtilty furnishes Arms to Impudence, and Invention leads on Credulity.
1834 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. I. xix. 294 Beware then of the subtilty of your Enemy.
1906 Expository Times June 399/1 The subtilty of the serpent in its conversation with Eve represents the struggle within man's mind.
b. A cunning or crafty scheme; a trick; a clever stratagem; = subtlety n. 3a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > a wile or cunning device
wrenchc888
craftOE
turnc1225
ginc1275
play?a1300
enginec1300
wrenkc1325
forsetc1330
sleightc1340
knackc1369
cautel138.
subtletya1393
wilea1400
tramc1400
wrinkle1402
artc1405
policy?1406
subtilityc1410
subtiltyc1440
jeopardy1487
jouk1513
pawka1522
frask1524
false point?1528
conveyance1534
compass1540
fineness1546
far-fetch?a1562
stratagem1561
finesse1562
entrapping1564
convoyance1578
lift1592
imagine1594
agitation1600
subtleship1614
artifice1620
navation1628
wimple1638
rig1640
lapwing stratagem1676
feint1679
undercraft1691
fly-flap1726
management1736
fakement1811
old tricka1822
fake1829
trickeration1940
swiftie1945
shrewdie1961
c1440 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Cambr. Ii.3.26) (1872) l. 576 I bare hym on honde he hadde enchaunted me My dame taught me that subtilte.
c1450 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Bodl. Add.) xi. l. 290 Grekes have an other subtiltee [?1440 Fitzw. subtilitee].
?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 114 He began to..auyse hym of a grete subtylte for to come to hys entente.
a1561 G. Cavendish Metrical Visions (1980) 2026 At the last, this subtiltie I fond.
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xvi. 40 Of the Nature and Subtilties of Hartes.
1655 E. Terry Voy. E.-India 103 Nature hath taught them this subtilty..to build their Nests in the twigs, and the utmost boughs of those Trees.
1682 Duke of Buckingham Chances i. vi. 7 Have I Known..all the ways of Wenches, Their Snares and Subtilties?
1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 38 A Subtilty of one of those Quack-operators, with which he gull'd the poor People.
1738 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) II. 380 A treasure of subtilties [1734 subtleties], and stratagems of infinite value.
1854 Macphail's Edinb. Eccl. Jrnl. & Lit. Rev. 17 97 A novel, freely and severely satirizing..the tricks and subtilties practised by the itinerant vendors of Bulls.
2. Skill; ingenuity; = subtlety n. 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > skill or adroitness
subtletyc1300
sleightc1385
subtiltyc1405
subtilityc1415
facility1532
handsomeness1550
address?1577
neatnessa1627
adroitness1683
hability1840
deftness1853
niftiness1878
slickness1895
eptitude1967
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 499 Ther nys no comparisoun Bitwix the wisdom and discrecioun Of youre fader and of his [sc. another cock's] subtiltee.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. viii. 148 Hit is gretter subtilte to kepe well his owne goodes.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos xix. sig. Bijv The Ingenyous subtylte of maistres of masonrye.
1525 tr. H. von Brunschwig Noble Experyence Vertuous Handy Warke Surg. xx. sig. eiiiv/1 By subtylte with your instrument takyng the pecys a waye.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Solertia,..craftinesse, or subtiltie in practisinge good or ill.
1660 tr. H. Blum Bk. Five Collumnes Archit. (new ed.) C j b Wit and subtilty in the Art of working in stone.
1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. iv. xiii. 231 With what prodigious Subtilty do some foreign Birds..plat and weave the fibrous Parts of Vegetables together.
3. Acuteness of thought or intellect, perspicacity; = subtlety n. 5.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [noun]
shedc950
skilla1200
skillwisenessa1200
doomc1374
subtilitya1398
subtiltyc1405
subtletya1425
dijudication1549
choice1583
decernment1586
quiddity1602
discerning1608
discernance1612
sensea1616
sense of things1648
tact1797
appreciation1810
kokum1848
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 582 They seyde subtiltee And hy wit made hym speke as he spak.
a1525 Bk. Sevyne Sagis 630, in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 20 Þe child..for to ken set all his thocht The prattikis as his master wrocht Quhill þat his eme persavit in deid In subtelte he suld exceid.
1532 Romaunt Rose in Wks. G. Chaucer f. clxviiv/1 Who so that hath hadde the subtelte The double sentence for to se.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. iij Commonly called thangelical doctor, for the subtiltie of his witte [L. ob acumen ingenii].
1611 Bible (King James) Prov. i. 4 To giue subtiltie to the simple, to the yong man knowledge and discretion. View more context for this quotation
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. xi. 49 A better stratagem, than any that can proceed from subtilty of Wit.
1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. §1. 298 The Subtilty and Extent of his intellectual Faculties.
1756 C. Lennox tr. P. M. de L'Écluse des Loges Mem. Maximilian de Bethune I. vii. 342 Sancy might be very properly called a man of wit, using this term in the sense that is generally given it, to denote vivacity, subtilty, and quickness of apprehension.
1851 Farmer's Mag. June 530/2 How many are born with a dull and backward spirit, of parents who are far from these faults—who were even remarkable for the subtilty of their imagination.
1884 Atlantic Monthly Mar. 419/1 Mr. lrving's intelligence seems to be of remarkable power, breadth, subtilty, and keenness.
1916 Sci. Monthly Jan. 82 With the strength and subtilty of his intellect he endeavors to create for human flesh different laws than apply to all other animal kind.
4.
a. A refinement of thought or argument; a fine point; = subtlety n. 6a. Usually in plural.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [noun] > subtle point > collectively
subtilty1474
subtilityc1485
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [noun] > subtle point
subtletya1425
subtilityc1485
jimp?a1500
nicety1589
nicery1605
fineness1622
pointille1626
measuring cast1631
criticisma1640
exility1642
subtilty1681
quoddity1682
nuance1781
distinguo1895
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. v. 120 He is reputed most sage and wise that argueth and bryngeth in moste subtyltes.
1555 R. Sherry Treat. Figures Gram. & Rhetorike f. xli The painefull rules of Grammer, the subtilties of Logitians.
1651 W. G. tr. J. Cowell Inst. Lawes Eng. 125 All those Roman subtilties are dissolved into the ancient Law of Nations.
1668 M. Hale Pref. Rolle's Abridgm. Pref. Conversant in subtilties of Logick, Philosophy and the Schoolmen.
1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. ii. xxvi. 89 A new Subtilty was invented, to frustrat the Falcidian Law.
1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. Introd. 3 Such as are unacquainted with the Subtilties of Reasoning and Argumentation.
1758 S. Johnson Idler 24 June 89 The numerous Lovers of subtilties and paradoxes.
1830 J. Mackintosh Diss. Progress Ethical Philos. 37 Some part of the method and precision of the Schools was lost with their endless subtilties and their barbarous language.
1867 Felton's Greece, Anc. & Mod. II. 194 In the courts..the subtilties of argument..had..long been..reduced to system.
1912 Proc. 7th Internat. Zoöl. Congr. 93 If you chose to declare that my contention that inheritance is not a fact is a metaphysical subtilty, I cannot help it.
1997 B. Cortright Psychotherapy & Spirit iii. v. 146 To insist excessively upon the theoretical subtilties of this relation, is perhaps to miss what is essential.
b. Refinement in argument or speculation; (excessive) use of fine distinctions; = subtlety n. 6b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > misleading argument, sophistry > excessive subtlety, hair-splitting > [noun]
subtilitya1425
subtilty1569
niceness1580
ob1588
curiosity1605
ergotism1656
refinery1746
over-subtlety1833
ergoism1864
subtileness1867
pilpul1894
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [noun] > delicacy of > often excessive
subtilty1569
niceness1580
curiosity1605
over-refinement1711
alembication1824
over-subtlety1833
over-refining1834
supersubtlety1834
1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau Certaine Secrete Wonders Nature xviii. f. 50 Socrates is compared to the Torpedo..by the violence and subtiltie of his argumentes.
1603 S. Daniel To Sir T. Egerton in Panegyrike sig. C2 As if it [sc. the truth] liu'd immur'd within the walls, Of hideous termes fram'd out of barbarousnesse..and could neuer be Deliu'red but by wrangling subtiltie.
1650 Earl of Monmouth tr. J. F. Senault Man become Guilty 2 Shee corrupteth the purity of our beliefe by the subtilty of her reasoning.
1704 S. Couper Three Ess. conc. Church Govt. i. 3 A certain Philosopher, who by the subtilty of his arguments against Christianity, sought to imbarass the Bishops.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 86 I have nothing to say to the clumsy subtilty of their political metaphysics. View more context for this quotation
1832 J. Murdock tr. J. L. von Mosheim Inst. Eccl. Hist. III. iv. §ii. 418 After establishing with great care and subtilty, this basis, they founded upon it a great mass of precepts.
1859 J. Eadie Paul the Preacher iv. 60 Such subtilty is not penetration, and such casuistic ingenuity soon imposes on its possessor.
1900 Catholic World Sept. 856 The Franciscans have a school of theology of their own, the characteristic mark of which is its extreme subtilty.
1994 P. Schollmeier Other Selves 1 Failing to see its integrity, they are blind to both its theoretical subtilty and its practical versatility.
5.
a. Thinness, tenuity; penetrativeness; an instance of this. Also figurative. Cf. subtlety n. 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > lack of density > [noun]
thinnessc1000
subtilenessa1398
subtletya1398
rareness?a1425
rarity?a1425
subtility?a1425
thinheadc1440
subtilty1494
shireness1495
tenuity1603
exility1626
soluteness1653
1494 W. Hilton Scala Perfeccionis (de Worde) ii. xlvi. sig. tiiiv By the self lyght maye the soule see ghostly the fairhede of angels..the subtylte [?a1475 Harl. 6579 sotilte] of hem in substaunce.
a1525 Contempl. Synnaris l. 1438 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 237 Our glorifyet body sall haue agilite And subtilte but sufferans of passioun.
1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 167 He..doeth transfourme the bodye of Christe into the subtiltie and thinnesse of a spirite.
1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 39 Nought tyes the Soule, her subtiltie is such.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum 60 The Subtilties of Articulate Sounds..may passe thorow Small Crannies, not confused.
a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. i. 8 Some things though they are..near unto us, yet are of that subtilty that they escape our Senses.
1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 13. §14 The Threads of Reasoning..are frequently drawn to such Subtilty, that common Eyes cannot perceive..them.
1781 Med. Museum (ed. 2) I. 316 The natural subtilty of the air of Castile..depends upon the elevation of the situation.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 179 He supposes the subtilty of this fluid to be so great, that it penetrates the pores of all bodies.
1864 H. Watts Dict. Chem. II. 773 It was considered that air, like fire, was an element of extreme subtilty, with a natural tendency to rise from the earth.
1902 A. Devine Man. Ascetical Theol. iii. vi. 558 The special sense of subtilty or penetrability—that is, being able to pass through material objects.
b. Keenness, pungency. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [noun] > pungency
peppera1425
tangc1440
mordacity1583
heat1586
saltness1612
piquantness1648
quickness1652
subtilty1661
penetratingness1662
pungency1663
piquancy1664
poignancy1677
mordicancy1693
pertness1756
causticity1772
poignance1782
pungence1810
warmth1816
piquance1867
zinginess1938
1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 101 The fat of a Leopard is grosse and sharp, it's subtiltie appeares in those that have a pulse in their temples, and the vertigo, the smell thereof being taken whilest it is rosting.
6. Cookery. = subtlety n. 4b. historical after 16th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > ornamental or ornamented dish > [noun]
potwise?c1400
viand rialc1400
subtletya1425
subtilty1508
surtout1706
surprise1712
aigrette1870
1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. A.ivv Fruyter vaunte, with a subtylte.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ccxviv The first course..was xxviii. dishes besides subtilties and shippes made of waxe meruailous gorgious to beholde.
?1570 Intronizatio Wilhelmi Warham A Subtiltie, a Kyng syttyng in a Chayre with many Lordes about hym.
?1570 Intronizatio Wilhelmi Warham Fertes with other subtilties.
1799 R. Henry Hist. Great Brit. (ed. 3) XII. vi. vii. 378 The second course contained upwards of an hundred devices or subtilties; castles, churches, animals, [etc.].
1861 London Rev. & Weekly Jrnl. 27 July 118/2 Each course at table should be accompanied with a subtilty, or ornamental device in pastry, representing groups of various descriptions, as here a black boar and a castle.
1882 C. M. Yonge Unknown to Hist. I. xviii. 254 All the ladies and servingwomen were called on to concoct pasties of many stories high, subtilties of wonderful curiosity, [etc.].
1987 C. Hibbert English i. 10 Cookery books of the fifteenth century emphasize the need for the main courses to be accompanied by ‘subtilties’, ornamental concoctions in pastry or sugar.
7. Delicacy, fineness; minuteness (of a particle).In quot. 1528: lightness (cf. subtle adj. 8b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [adjective] > digestible > easily digested or light
lighteOE
subtlea1398
convertiblec1400
subtilty1528
slipper1539
well-digesteda1594
benign1638
the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > pleasing appearance > [noun] > delicateness or daintiness
softheadc1350
delicateness?1529
daintethness1548
gingerliness1583
daintinessa1586
delicacya1586
subtilty1660
the blue of the plum1707
bloom1777
daintification1780
daintihood1780
fairyhood1832
1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. Nivv Galen beholdynge the easye alteration & subtilte of pertriches fleshe, preferreth them.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §98 Whatsoeuer is Inuisible, either in respect of the Finenesse of the Body it selfe;..Or of the Subtilty of the Motion.
1660 tr. H. Blum Bk. Five Collumnes Archit. (new ed.) B j b The one after mans shape,..the other with womans subtilty.
1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 122 How would he have admired the immense subtilty..of their Parts?
1747 J. T. Desaguliers tr. W. J. 's Gravesande Math. Elements Nat. Philos. (ed. 6) I. i. 8 There are some small Animals scarce visible with the best Microscopes; and yet these have all the Parts necessary for Life, Blood, and other Liquors: Who does not see how great the Subtilty of those Particles must be?
1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. III. xxix. 209 An active medium..which..can so far deceive us by the subtilety of it's vibrations.
1848 J. J. G. Wilkinson tr. E. Swedenborg Animal Kingdom I. ii. 55/2 The finer membranes give place to others finer still, until, at last, the subtilty is so extreme, that neither the eye, nor the best microscope, is adequate to recognize it.
1891 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) The subtilty of a spider's web.
1892 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 264 In his effects he stands unapproachable, his dreamy delicacy and subtilty, his skies and water and aerial perspective.
1909 Smith Coll. Monthly Feb. 275 The subtilty and finesse of movement realized by matter have completely obliterated its grossness.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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