subtractiveadj.n.

Brit.

/səbˈtraktɪv/, U.S.

/səbˈtræktɪv/

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a borrowing from Latin. Probably partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin subtractivus ; subtract v., -ive suffix.

Etymology: Probably partly < post-classical Latin subtractivus (1647 or earlier designating a prosthaphaeresis of the moon (compare quot. 1690 at sense A. 1); 1363 in Chauliac with reference to bloodletting) < classical Latin subtract- , past participial stem of subtrahere subtract v. + -īvus -ive suffix; and partly directly < subtract v. + -ive suffix. Compare French soustractif (1683), Portuguese subtractivo (1720 or earlier). Compare substractive adj.In the specific use in crystallography (see sense A. 2a) after the corresponding specific use of French soustractif (in molécules soustractives , plural noun: R.-J. Haüy Traité élém. de physique (1801) I. 97, in the passage translated in quot. 1807 at sense A. 2a).

A. adj.

1. Of the nature of, involving, or characterized by subtraction, deduction, or diminution; having the effect of subtracting something; (of a mathematical quantity) that is to be subtracted.In quot. ?a1425 probably an elliptical use, with the noun phlebotomy understood. The Latin text is similarly ambiguous.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > [adjective]

subtractive?a1425

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [adjective] > of subtraction

substractivea1626

subductive1686

substractionarya1690

subtractive1690

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 154^v Auicen..seid þat in bigynnyng of replecionale sikenez vtterly be lefte fleobotomye, i. euacuatyue & derivatif..which oweþ noȝt to be done... Bot forsoþ he denyeþ nouȝt þat ne þer myȝt & oweþ to be done antipastica..& subtractif [L. antispatica et subtractiua] bi þe opposite partie & long or far.

1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus f. 808 We have therefore now three Prosthaphæreses of the Moon... Which since they are all of the same sort, to wit, each of them subtractive [etc.].

1699 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 21 352 Subtractive Ratio is that whose Terms are dispos'd to Subtraction, that is, to Division.

1757 T. Simpson Misc. Tracts 18 The general equation (which is subtractive in the first and third quadrants of the ecliptic) will be in proportion to the said greatest equation.

1812 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. xviii. 200 This latter quantity..serves..as a correction or equation to the mean anomaly... It is additive or subtractive, according as the mean is less or greater than the true anomaly.

1813 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 36 307 However—Yet—Notwithstanding—Nevertheless. These may be called subtractive conjunctions: they all concede something, and deduct something else.

1824 R. Jackson View Formation Armies 505 Besides measured diet,..there are other means..diminishing the volume of the fluids... These are subtractive, viz. blood letting and purging.

1890 H. B. Fine Number-syst. Algebra 102 In reducing equations..subtractive terms in either member are rendered additive by transposition to the other member.

1910 Automobile 17 Feb. 372/2 It is an actual resistance, which must be overcome by the power which is at hand, and therefore a subtractive quantity considering the power alone.

1961 New Scientist 23 Nov. 516/2 Each new number is formed..by additive or subtractive combination of fixed multiples of its three immediate predecessors.

2002 N. Phillips Lighting Techniques High Key Portrait Photogr. x. 63/3 This is essentially a form of subtractive lighting—when we use this method we are essentially reducing the specular reflectance value of the original light source.

2. In various specific contexts.

a. Crystallography. Designating a group of atoms within a crystal which form a parallelepiped composed of tetrahedrons or triangular prisms. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > structures and forms > [adjective] > miscellaneous other

primitive1807

subtractive1807

based1810

emarginated1816

planoconvex1816

primary1823

hemisystematic1878

face-centred1913

body-centred1918

mosaic1934

1807 O. Gregory tr. R. J. Haüy Elem. Treat. Nat. Philos. I. ii. v. 100 We have given the name of subtractive particles to those parallelopipeds composed of tetraëdrons, or of triangular prisms, the ranges of which measure the quantity of the decrement experienced by the laminae of superposition.

1823 H. J. Brooke Familiar Introd. Crystallogr. 66 A more simple theory of decrement..may be substituted for that which has been established upon the assumption of the irregular tetrahedron as the integrant molecule, and the obtuse rhomboid as the subtractive molecule.

1967 Isis 58 569/1 Haüy's concept of the subtractive molecule was ‘designed to have a geometric meaning only’.

b. Designating a process of colour reproduction in which different parts of the spectrum are filtered out of white light; relating to such a process. Contrasted with additive adj. 3.In subtractive reproduction the traditional primary colours are red, yellow, and blue (in colour printing they are named as magenta, yellow, and cyan), the colours produced being those which are not absorbed by a surface or substance (as a palette or page): e.g. yellow + blue gives green.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > photographic processes > [adjective] > developing procedures

additive1902

factorial1902

subtractive1902

tanning1930

1902 Photogram May 140 In the indirect process there is the subtractive and the additive method.

1918 Amer. Photogr. 12 182 In work on the subtractive process of color photography some interesting results have been achieved in the photomicrography of stained sections.

1957 V. J. Kehoe Technique Film & Television Make-up 219 The dye images form the composite color pictures by subtractive synthesis.

1978 SLR Camera Dec. 61/1 This subtractive method is the most commonly used in modern colour printing.

2010 B. Henick HTML & CSS ix. 145 In the United States the additive color model is taught in grade school, and the subtractive color model is taught in high school physics.

c. Linguistics. Designating a morph or morpheme that consists of or is realized by the removal of a form; involving or characterized by alteration of this kind. Cf. replacive adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [adjective] > other specific types of morpheme

productive1889

non-nuclear1897

unproductive1916

replacive1948

subtractive1948

postmedial1958

1948 E. A. Nida in Language 24 440 Morphemes may be classified..as (1) additive, (2) replacive, (3) additive and replacive, and (4) subtractive.

1953 C. E. Bazell Ling. Form 54 Furthermore this terminology renders superfluous the family of subtractive morphs, zero-morphs, and portmanteau-morphs.

1985 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 51 337 There are no subtractive morphs in the language to explain *es from *es(-k).

2002 G. Booij in J. Berns & J. van Marle Present-day Dialectol. 50 Hessian..exhibits subtractive morphology: the plural is formed by dropping the final /d/.

B. n.

†1. Apparently: that which takes away from or is dependent on something else. Obsolete. rare.As part of an extended metaphor; cf. substantive n.

ΚΠ

1641 J. Johnson Acad. Love 29 By the Adjective is understood the man, and by the Substantive, or more properly speaking, the Subtractive, the woman, who demands of her Adjective this or that summe of money.

2. Something that is (to be) subtracted or deducted, or that has a subtractive effect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > [noun] > that which is deducted

deduction1546

discount1622

defease1630

bate1800

subtractive1817

minus1876

offtake1892

1817 H. T. Colebrooke tr. Brahmagupta in Algebra 367 Let the assumed number be 2. By this, the subtractive, namely 60, being divided, makes 30.

1889 Education Jan. 336 Addition is indicated by juxtaposition; subtractives are collected at the end of an expression and preceded by the sign ?.

1969 Argus (Fremont, Calif.) 24 Nov. 4/7 What our prepared foods needs [sic] are fewer additives and more subtractives.

1979 Daily Tel. 21 Nov. 18 Apart from the purchase of a stamp..the ½p is no more than an additive to or subtractive from some other price.

1992 Washington Post (Nexis) 13 Nov. (Style section) c5 There are two sets of primary colors: the additives and the subtractives.

3. Linguistics. A subtractive morpheme or feature.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [noun] > other specific types of morpheme

verbalizer1888

premedial1925

postradical1937

postmedial1946

replacive1948

subtractive1948

non-nuclear1961

prefixoid1963

singulative1966

1948 E. A. Nida in Language 24 427 Minus features (or subtractives, as I prefer to call them) are not covert.

1997 R. A. Lodge Exploring French Lang. 130 Among the subtractives there are adjectives of the following type: moyenne /mwajɛn/–moyen /mwajɛ̃/, première /pRəmjɛR/–premier /pRəmje/.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	subtractive
释义	subtractiveadj.n. Brit. /səbˈtraktɪv/, U.S. /səbˈtræktɪv/ Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a borrowing from Latin. Probably partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin subtractivus ; subtract v., -ive suffix. Etymology: Probably partly < post-classical Latin subtractivus (1647 or earlier designating a prosthaphaeresis of the moon (compare quot. 1690 at sense A. 1); 1363 in Chauliac with reference to bloodletting) < classical Latin subtract- , past participial stem of subtrahere subtract v. + -īvus -ive suffix; and partly directly < subtract v. + -ive suffix. Compare French soustractif (1683), Portuguese subtractivo (1720 or earlier). Compare substractive adj.In the specific use in crystallography (see sense A. 2a) after the corresponding specific use of French soustractif (in molécules soustractives , plural noun: R.-J. Haüy Traité élém. de physique (1801) I. 97, in the passage translated in quot. 1807 at sense A. 2a). A. adj. 1. Of the nature of, involving, or characterized by subtraction, deduction, or diminution; having the effect of subtracting something; (of a mathematical quantity) that is to be subtracted.In quot. ?a1425 probably an elliptical use, with the noun phlebotomy understood. The Latin text is similarly ambiguous. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > [adjective] subtractive?a1425 the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [adjective] > of subtraction substractivea1626 subductive1686 substractionarya1690 subtractive1690 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 154^v Auicen..seid þat in bigynnyng of replecionale sikenez vtterly be lefte fleobotomye, i. euacuatyue & derivatif..which oweþ noȝt to be done... Bot forsoþ he denyeþ nouȝt þat ne þer myȝt & oweþ to be done antipastica..& subtractif [L. antispatica et subtractiua] bi þe opposite partie & long or far. 1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus f. 808 We have therefore now three Prosthaphæreses of the Moon... Which since they are all of the same sort, to wit, each of them subtractive [etc.]. 1699 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 21 352 Subtractive Ratio is that whose Terms are dispos'd to Subtraction, that is, to Division. 1757 T. Simpson Misc. Tracts 18 The general equation (which is subtractive in the first and third quadrants of the ecliptic) will be in proportion to the said greatest equation. 1812 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. xviii. 200 This latter quantity..serves..as a correction or equation to the mean anomaly... It is additive or subtractive, according as the mean is less or greater than the true anomaly. 1813 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 36 307 However—Yet—Notwithstanding—Nevertheless. These may be called subtractive conjunctions: they all concede something, and deduct something else. 1824 R. Jackson View Formation Armies 505 Besides measured diet,..there are other means..diminishing the volume of the fluids... These are subtractive, viz. blood letting and purging. 1890 H. B. Fine Number-syst. Algebra 102 In reducing equations..subtractive terms in either member are rendered additive by transposition to the other member. 1910 Automobile 17 Feb. 372/2 It is an actual resistance, which must be overcome by the power which is at hand, and therefore a subtractive quantity considering the power alone. 1961 New Scientist 23 Nov. 516/2 Each new number is formed..by additive or subtractive combination of fixed multiples of its three immediate predecessors. 2002 N. Phillips Lighting Techniques High Key Portrait Photogr. x. 63/3 This is essentially a form of subtractive lighting—when we use this method we are essentially reducing the specular reflectance value of the original light source. 2. In various specific contexts. a. Crystallography. Designating a group of atoms within a crystal which form a parallelepiped composed of tetrahedrons or triangular prisms. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > structures and forms > [adjective] > miscellaneous other primitive1807 subtractive1807 based1810 emarginated1816 planoconvex1816 primary1823 hemisystematic1878 face-centred1913 body-centred1918 mosaic1934 1807 O. Gregory tr. R. J. Haüy Elem. Treat. Nat. Philos. I. ii. v. 100 We have given the name of subtractive particles to those parallelopipeds composed of tetraëdrons, or of triangular prisms, the ranges of which measure the quantity of the decrement experienced by the laminae of superposition. 1823 H. J. Brooke Familiar Introd. Crystallogr. 66 A more simple theory of decrement..may be substituted for that which has been established upon the assumption of the irregular tetrahedron as the integrant molecule, and the obtuse rhomboid as the subtractive molecule. 1967 Isis 58 569/1 Haüy's concept of the subtractive molecule was ‘designed to have a geometric meaning only’. b. Designating a process of colour reproduction in which different parts of the spectrum are filtered out of white light; relating to such a process. Contrasted with additive adj. 3.In subtractive reproduction the traditional primary colours are red, yellow, and blue (in colour printing they are named as magenta, yellow, and cyan), the colours produced being those which are not absorbed by a surface or substance (as a palette or page): e.g. yellow + blue gives green. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > photographic processes > [adjective] > developing procedures additive1902 factorial1902 subtractive1902 tanning1930 1902 Photogram May 140 In the indirect process there is the subtractive and the additive method. 1918 Amer. Photogr. 12 182 In work on the subtractive process of color photography some interesting results have been achieved in the photomicrography of stained sections. 1957 V. J. Kehoe Technique Film & Television Make-up 219 The dye images form the composite color pictures by subtractive synthesis. 1978 SLR Camera Dec. 61/1 This subtractive method is the most commonly used in modern colour printing. 2010 B. Henick HTML & CSS ix. 145 In the United States the additive color model is taught in grade school, and the subtractive color model is taught in high school physics. c. Linguistics. Designating a morph or morpheme that consists of or is realized by the removal of a form; involving or characterized by alteration of this kind. Cf. replacive adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [adjective] > other specific types of morpheme productive1889 non-nuclear1897 unproductive1916 replacive1948 subtractive1948 postmedial1958 1948 E. A. Nida in Language 24 440 Morphemes may be classified..as (1) additive, (2) replacive, (3) additive and replacive, and (4) subtractive. 1953 C. E. Bazell Ling. Form 54 Furthermore this terminology renders superfluous the family of subtractive morphs, zero-morphs, and portmanteau-morphs. 1985 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 51 337 There are no subtractive morphs in the language to explain es from es(-k). 2002 G. Booij in J. Berns & J. van Marle Present-day Dialectol. 50 Hessian..exhibits subtractive morphology: the plural is formed by dropping the final /d/. B. n. †1. Apparently: that which takes away from or is dependent on something else. Obsolete. rare.As part of an extended metaphor; cf. substantive n. ΚΠ 1641 J. Johnson Acad. Love 29 By the Adjective is understood the man, and by the Substantive, or more properly speaking, the Subtractive, the woman, who demands of her Adjective this or that summe of money. 2. Something that is (to be) subtracted or deducted, or that has a subtractive effect. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > [noun] > that which is deducted deduction1546 discount1622 defease1630 bate1800 subtractive1817 minus1876 offtake1892 1817 H. T. Colebrooke tr. Brahmagupta in Algebra 367 Let the assumed number be 2. By this, the subtractive, namely 60, being divided, makes 30. 1889 Education Jan. 336 Addition is indicated by juxtaposition; subtractives are collected at the end of an expression and preceded by the sign ?. 1969 Argus (Fremont, Calif.) 24 Nov. 4/7 What our prepared foods needs [sic] are fewer additives and more subtractives. 1979 Daily Tel. 21 Nov. 18 Apart from the purchase of a stamp..the ½p is no more than an additive to or subtractive from some other price. 1992 Washington Post (Nexis) 13 Nov. (Style section) c5 There are two sets of primary colors: the additives and the subtractives. 3. Linguistics. A subtractive morpheme or feature. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [noun] > other specific types of morpheme verbalizer1888 premedial1925 postradical1937 postmedial1946 replacive1948 subtractive1948 non-nuclear1961 prefixoid1963 singulative1966 1948 E. A. Nida in Language 24 427 Minus features (or subtractives, as I prefer to call them) are not covert. 1997 R. A. Lodge Exploring French Lang. 130 Among the subtractives there are adjectives of the following type: moyenne /mwajɛn/–moyen /mwajɛ̃/, première /pRəmjɛR/–premier /pRəmje/. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.?a1425
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