单词 | suffering |
释义 | sufferingn.ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [noun] > long-suffering sufferancea1300 sufferinga1340 longanimityc1400 long-sufferancec1405 long-suffering1496 patiencec1500 endurance1600 enduring1603 endurementa1716 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxvi. 20 Suffire þat þou suffirs for god and of god, for wa is þaim þat losis suffrynge. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) James v. 11 Ȝe herden the suffring [gloss, or pacience] of Job. 2. a. The bearing or undergoing of pain, distress, or tribulation. In early use const. of the thing suffered. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun] > action of suffering sufferingc1340 tholinga1400 sufferance1426 pain taking1528 sustaining1594 underbearing1597 perpessiona1603 undergoing1612 enduring1659 squirming1804 society > faith > worship > martyrdom > [noun] > one who undergoes > suffering undergone by throwingeOE passionc1200 sufferingc1340 society > faith > worship > martyrdom > confession > [noun] > one who confesses > suffering undergone by sufferingc1340 c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. 5 I ȝode by sufferynge of werynes and I fand Ihesu wery in þe way. c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 304 Wilful sofforyng of deþ. 14.. Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1903) 277 In suffryng Of trokys [? crokys] & naylis clynkyng. 1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Heb. ii. 9 Jesus which is crouned with glory and honour for the sofferinge of death. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. liii. 111 Both working of wonders and suffering of paines. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. ii. 67 I'th state of hanging, or of some death more long in Spectatorship, and crueller in suffering . View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 375 I..to the evil turne My obvious breast, arming to overcom By suffering . View more context for this quotation a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) VI. 296 The Christian Religion..is..a Religion teaching Suffering, enjoyning Suffering, and rewarding Suffering. a1845 S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 142 Suffering is not a merit, but only useful suffering. 1873 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (1876) viii. 192 The generous suffering of one person for another. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [noun] hensithOE qualmOE bale-sithea1000 endingc1000 fallOE forthsitheOE soulingOE life's endOE deathOE hethensithc1200 last end?c1225 forthfarec1275 dying1297 finec1300 partingc1300 endc1305 deceasec1330 departc1330 starving1340 passingc1350 latter enda1382 obita1382 perishingc1384 carrion1387 departing1388 finishmentc1400 trespassement14.. passing forthc1410 sesse1417 cess1419 fininga1425 resolutiona1425 departisona1450 passagea1450 departmentc1450 consummation?a1475 dormition1483 debt to (also of) naturea1513 dissolutionc1522 expirationa1530 funeral?a1534 change1543 departure1558 last change1574 transmigration1576 dissolving1577 shaking of the sheets?1577 departance1579 deceasure1580 mortality1582 deceasing1591 waftage1592 launching1599 quietus1603 doom1609 expire1612 expiring1612 period1613 defunctiona1616 Lethea1616 fail1623 dismissiona1631 set1635 passa1645 disanimation1646 suffering1651 abition1656 Passovera1662 latter (last) end1670 finis1682 exitus1706 perch1722 demission1735 demise1753 translation1760 transit1764 dropping1768 expiry1790 departal1823 finish1826 homegoing1866 the last (also final, great) round-up1879 snuffing1922 fade-out1924 thirty1929 appointment in Samarra1934 dirt nap1981 big chill1987 1651 G. Fox Jrnl. (1911) I. 14 Two men sufferd for small thinges: & I was moved..to Incourage ym concerneinge there suffringe. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 246 The Suffering of St. Laurence painted a fresca on the Wall. c. The incurring of loss. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > loss > [noun] > the incurring of suffering1805 1805 C. Collingwood Let. 24 Oct. in Daily Chron. (1905) 10 July 3/4 This Great day has not been without a considerable suffering on our part in loss of Officers and Men. 3. a. A painful condition; pain suffered. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [noun] sorec825 acheeOE wrakeOE trayOE woe?a1200 pinec1200 sorrowc1225 teenc1225 grievousness1303 dolec1320 balea1325 painc1330 warkingc1340 dolour?c1370 sufferance1422 offencea1425 angerc1440 sufferingc1450 penalty?1462 penality1496 grief1509 stress1533 sufferance1597 somatalgia1607 suffering1609 tort1632 miserya1825 c1450 (c1390) G. Chaucer Complaint of Venus 45 Thus be we euyr in drede and suffrynge. a1771 T. Gray tr. Dante in Wks. (1884) I. 159 Far less shall be Our Suffering, Sir. 1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV xxii. 14 All suffering doth destroy, or is destroy'd, Even by the sufferer. 1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux II. iv. i. 135 I rose from the bed of suffering and of madness,..altered, but tranquil. 1890 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 26 53/2 It is just those energetic, matter-of-fact people, who..are the most likely to interfere and to aggravate suffering. b. In particularized use, chiefly plural. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [noun] sorec825 acheeOE wrakeOE trayOE woe?a1200 pinec1200 sorrowc1225 teenc1225 grievousness1303 dolec1320 balea1325 painc1330 warkingc1340 dolour?c1370 sufferance1422 offencea1425 angerc1440 sufferingc1450 penalty?1462 penality1496 grief1509 stress1533 sufferance1597 somatalgia1607 suffering1609 tort1632 miserya1825 1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) iv. lxxv. 106 Future ill On present suffrings, bruted to aryse. 1611 Bible (King James) Rom. viii. 18 The sufferings of this present time. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 26 Of worse deeds worse sufferings must ensue. View more context for this quotation 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. ii. 32 We cannot find by Experience, that all our Sufferings are owing to our own Follies. 1764 R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 197 The sufferings indeed of the poor are less known, than their misdeeds. 1780 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. (1789) xiv. §1 This is a suffering common to all. 1862 M. Napier Mem. Life Visct. Dundee II. 84 All were expected, under the Orange Revolution, to contribute a suffering, however small, to this grand Commination of the governments of the Restoration. 1877 ‘Mrs. Forrester’ Mignon I. 221 She is callous to his sufferings. c. In the Society of Friends, the hardships of those who were distrained upon for tithes, etc. Meeting for Sufferings: an organization for investigating and relieving these: see also quot. 1906. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > hardship > a) hardship(s) > specifically in Society of Friends suffering1661 1661 F. Howgill in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1911) 2nd Ser. 129 Wee haue made it our work to collect vp all the sufferings from all partes & to make what vse wee cann of them. 1683 S. Meade in Jrnl. Friends' Hist. Soc. (1914) Oct. 165 An exact Acct of all your sufferings..sent up hither to the meettinge of sufferrings, in order to bee putt to the rest of ffriends sufferrings, yt are presented to ye Kinge. a1691 G. Fox Coll. Christian Epist. 109 All Friends every where, that are in any Sufferings, let your Sufferings be gathered up together in every County. 1708 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 22) i. iii. i. 200 Their Meetings..are..Monthly, Quarterly, Yearly, Second-Days Meetings, and Meeting of Sufferings. 1837 W. Allen Jrnl. in Life (1847) III. 265 Fifty Friends of the Meeting for Sufferings met. 1906 Christ. Discipl. Soc. Friends II. xi. 59 The Meeting for Sufferings (so called from the nature of its original object) is a standing representative committee of the Yearly Meeting, and is entrusted with a general care of whatever may arise during the intervals of the Yearly Meeting affecting the Society. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] leaveeOE yleaveOE willOE grant?c1225 thaving?c1225 grantisea1300 licence1362 grace1389 pardona1425 libertyc1425 patiencec1425 permission1425 sufferingc1460 congee1477 legencea1500 withganga1500 favour1574 beleve1575 permittance1580 withgate1599 passage1622 sufferage1622 attolerance1676 sanction1738 permiss- society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > permission by non-intervention or toleration sufferancea1300 allowancea1402 tholance1446 tholing1457 sufferingc1460 low1535 connivinga1648 Nelson eye1893 the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > gentleness or mildness > [noun] > tolerance or forbearance tholea1325 tholance1446 tholing1457 sufferingc1460 tolerancya1556 toleration1582 forbearance1599 tolerance1765 tolerantism1824 tolerism1851 tolerationism1898 c1460 Oseney Reg. 135 Frere William Sutton By þe suffryng of god Abbot of Oseneye. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxciii. 677 Ye haue had a fayre sufferyng. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 315 About the sufferring of ane day of law anens the clairk of Sanctandros. 1637 Decree Starre-Chamber conc. Printing xiii. sig. E He..shall first giue notice..of such demise, or suffering to worke or print there. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > operation upon something > [noun] > subjecting to an action or process > undergoing or reception of action passion?a1425 suffering1577 perception1626 undergoing1645 perpession1647 passivity1659 affection1759 1577 Vicary's Profitable Treat. Anat. sig. M.iv Lyke as the Renet of the Cheese hath by him selfe the way or vertue of working, so hath the mylke by way of suffering. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xiv. 241 What els is corrupting, but suffering? And what els is suffering, but receyuing? This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online March 2022). sufferingadj.ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [adjective] > long-suffering longmoodeOE sufferable1303 sufferantc1330 sufferinga1340 long1483 long-willeda1500 long-enduring1527 long-suffering1535 long-minded1618 longanimous1620 Indian1737 enduring1816–7 endurant1866 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter vii. 12 God rightwis iuge, stalworth and soffrand. c1400 tr. Secr. Secr., Gov. Lordsh. 108 Þat þou ert..lastyng, wys, and sufferand. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vii. xx. 244 He is curteis and mylde and the moost sufferynge man that euer I mette with al. 1605 B. Jonson Sejanus iv. i. 405 Whome hee (vpon our low, and suffering neckes) Hath rays'd, from excrement, to side the Gods. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. i. 129 Such suffering Soules That welcome wrongs. View more context for this quotation 1679 W. Penn in Wks. I. Penington (1784) I. p. x By nature he was suffering to a degree of letting his mercy to others almost wound his own soul. 1694 J. Kettlewell Compan. for Persecuted in Wks. (1718) II. 295 O Almighty..God!..in these Suffering Times, give me a Suffering Spirit. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > operation upon something > [adjective] > involving subjection to action or influence > undergoing an action passivea1398 suffering1398 patient?a1425 passible?1533 pathic1857 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) vi. xii In þe male beþ vertues formale and schaping..and in þe female materialle suffring and passiue. 1792 W. Cowper Let. 26 Jan. (1984) IV. 7 The infallible Judge of human conduct may possibly behold with more complacency a suffering than an active courage. 3. a. Of persons, their character, condition, etc.: That suffers, or is characterized by the suffering of, pain, affliction, or distress. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > [adjective] angeredc1275 miseasedc1390 woea1398 forpainedc1400 labouringc1425 passive?a1439 painedc1450 loaden1542 sored1557 stressed1559 pinched1566 grieved1586 suffering1609 heavy-laden1611 undergoinga1616 vulned1628 loaded1661 afflicted1690 sick as a parrot1705 crosseda1732 wrung1862 traumatized1935 fraught1966 1609 W. Shakespeare Louers Complaint in Sonnets sig. K4 Gentle maid Haue of my suffering youth some feeling pitty. 1646 H. Hammond View Exceptions to Visct. Falkland's Disc. Infallibilitie 102 It is well knowne that..where both religions are professed..none be on the suffering hand but we, none persecutes but they. 1660 R. Allestree Gentlemans Calling Pref. sig. a4v The Martyrologie even of these suffering times. 1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 81 You have your day, or you are much bely'd, But I am always on the suff'ring side. 1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels I. 11 We can feed and cloath hungry and naked Christ in his suffering Members. a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) VI. 296 The Christian Religion..is a suffering Religion. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 123 Deserters from principle,..they never see any good in suffering virtue. View more context for this quotation 1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. xviii. 357 Such nature and feeling in it as must..make it a very suffering exhibition to herself. View more context for this quotation 1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 51 Many..live among their suffering fellow-men As if none felt. 1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham II. xiii. 126 Mr. Chitterling Crabtree..subscribed to the aid of the suffering friends of freedom. 1885 Athenæum 18 July 79/3 Her verse is characterized by..keen sympathy with suffering man and woman. b. In Puritan use, with reference to hardships endured for the sake of religion, esp. in suffering saint. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [adjective] > enduring trial or affliction suffering1661 society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [noun] > person > who endures trial or affliction suffering saint1661 1661 J. Perrot (title) To the Suffering Seed of Royalty, Wheresoever Tribulated upon the Face of the whole Earth. 1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 96 That Sinners may supply the place Of suff'ring Saints, is a plain Case. 1668 J. Dryden Secret-love Epil. A whipt Fanatick who does not recant Is by his Brethren call'd a suffring Saint. 1682 J. Graham Let. 1 Mar. (modernized text) in M. Napier Mem. Life Visct. Dundee (1862) II. 267 I would desire leave to draw out of the two regiments a hundred of the best musketeers had served abroad; and I should take horses here, amongst the suffering sinners.] 1896 ‘Iota’ Quaker Grandmother 317 Harry was as yet scarcely in fit condition for any suffering-saint phase to be foisted upon him. c. [After French souffrant.] Ill, indisposed. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > [adjective] > in state of ill health or diseased untrumc825 sickc888 unwholec888 slackc897 unstronga900 sicklea1000 sam-halea1023 worseOE attaint1303 languishinga1325 heallessc1374 sicklyc1374 sicklewa1387 bada1393 mishalea1400 languoring?c1425 distempered1440 unwell?c1450 detent?a1475 poora1475 languorousc1475 maladif1481 illa1500 maladiousc1500 wanthriven1508 attainted1509 unsound1513 acrazed1521 cracked1527 unsoundya1529 visited1537 infirmed1552 crazed1555 healthless1568 ill-liking1572 afflicted1574 crazy1576 unhealthful1580 sickish1581 valetudinary1581 not well1587 fainty1590 ill-disposed1596 unhealthsome1598 tainted1600 ill-affected1604 peaking1611 unhealthy1611 infirmited1616 disaffected1626 physical1633 illish1637 pimping1640 invalid1642 misaffected1645 valetudinarious1648 unhale1653 badly1654 unwholesome1655 valetudinous1655 morbulent1656 off the hooksa1658 mawkish1668 morbid1668 unthriven1680 unsane1690 ailing1716 not wellish1737 underlya1742 poorly1750 indifferent1753 comical1755 maladized1790 sober1808 sickened1815 broken-down1816 peaky1821 poorlyish1827 souffrante1827 run-down1831 sicklied1835 addle1844 shaky1844 mean1845 dauncy1846 stricken1846 peakyish1853 po'ly1860 pindling1861 rough1882 rocky1883 suffering1885 wabbit1895 icky-boo1920 like death warmed up1924 icky1938 ropy1945 crappy1956 hanging1971 sick as a parrot1982 shite1987 1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Valerie's Fate iii My poor friend is very suffering and anxious to press on to Mentone. d. suffering cat(s)! an exclamation expressing surprise or annoyance. Also the suffering Moses (cf. Moses n. 1c), etc. ΚΠ 1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad v. 52 The suffering Moses!—there ain't money enough in the ship to pay that bill! 1897 R. Kipling Captains Courageous vi. 134 ‘Sufferin' Christianity!’ sez Counahan (he always said that whin..he was not feelin' good). 1907 S. E. White Arizona Nights (U.K. ed.) xv. 217 Suffering cats, think how that fellow sized us up for a lot of pattern-made fools. 1931 S. Lewis Sel. Short Stories (1935) 162 Suffering cats! You might have been one of your uncles still puttering around with dirty pitchforks back on the farm! 1948 G. H. Johnston Death takes Small Bites v. 122 She doesn't think I've got any guts.’ ‘Well, sufferin' cat! What does she want? Alexander the Great?’ 1977 J. Porter Who the Heck is Sylvia? vi. 54 Oh, suffering cats, with that bunch of lecherous thugs it could have been anybody! ΘΚΠ the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adjective] > by loss of material or wasted > worn > becoming worn suffering1602 wearing1908 1602 B. Jonson Poetaster i. i. sig. A4v The suffring Plough-share or the Flint may weare. View more context for this quotation Compounds suffering-minded adj. ΚΠ 1598 G. Chapman tr. Homer Seauen Bks. Iliades v. 276 Most suffering-minded Tydeus sonne. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1340adj.a1340 |
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