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单词 suffering
释义

sufferingn.

Brit. /ˈsʌf(ə)rɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈsəf(ə)rɪŋ/
Etymology: < suffer v. + -ing suffix1.
1. Patient endurance; long-suffering. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [noun] > long-suffering
sufferancea1300
sufferinga1340
longanimityc1400
long-sufferancec1405
long-suffering1496
patiencec1500
endurance1600
enduring1603
endurementa1716
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxvi. 20 Suffire þat þou suffirs for god and of god, for wa is þaim þat losis suffrynge.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) James v. 11 Ȝe herden the suffring [gloss, or pacience] of Job.
2.
a. The bearing or undergoing of pain, distress, or tribulation. In early use const. of the thing suffered.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun] > action of suffering
sufferingc1340
tholinga1400
sufferance1426
pain taking1528
sustaining1594
underbearing1597
perpessiona1603
undergoing1612
enduring1659
squirming1804
society > faith > worship > martyrdom > [noun] > one who undergoes > suffering undergone by
throwingeOE
passionc1200
sufferingc1340
society > faith > worship > martyrdom > confession > [noun] > one who confesses > suffering undergone by
sufferingc1340
c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. 5 I ȝode by sufferynge of werynes and I fand Ihesu wery in þe way.
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 304 Wilful sofforyng of deþ.
14.. Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1903) 277 In suffryng Of trokys [? crokys] & naylis clynkyng.
1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Heb. ii. 9 Jesus which is crouned with glory and honour for the sofferinge of death.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. liii. 111 Both working of wonders and suffering of paines.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. ii. 67 I'th state of hanging, or of some death more long in Spectatorship, and crueller in suffering . View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 375 I..to the evil turne My obvious breast, arming to overcom By suffering . View more context for this quotation
a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) VI. 296 The Christian Religion..is..a Religion teaching Suffering, enjoyning Suffering, and rewarding Suffering.
a1845 S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 142 Suffering is not a merit, but only useful suffering.
1873 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (1876) viii. 192 The generous suffering of one person for another.
attributive.1662 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 3rd Pt. 35 Even he comes forth to meet thee,..willing to impart some of his Suffering-skill unto thee.
b. The action of suffering death; execution; martyrdom. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > [noun]
hensithOE
qualmOE
bale-sithea1000
endingc1000
fallOE
forthsitheOE
soulingOE
life's endOE
deathOE
hethensithc1200
last end?c1225
forthfarec1275
dying1297
finec1300
partingc1300
endc1305
deceasec1330
departc1330
starving1340
passingc1350
latter enda1382
obita1382
perishingc1384
carrion1387
departing1388
finishmentc1400
trespassement14..
passing forthc1410
sesse1417
cess1419
fininga1425
resolutiona1425
departisona1450
passagea1450
departmentc1450
consummation?a1475
dormition1483
debt to (also of) naturea1513
dissolutionc1522
expirationa1530
funeral?a1534
change1543
departure1558
last change1574
transmigration1576
dissolving1577
shaking of the sheets?1577
departance1579
deceasure1580
mortality1582
deceasing1591
waftage1592
launching1599
quietus1603
doom1609
expire1612
expiring1612
period1613
defunctiona1616
Lethea1616
fail1623
dismissiona1631
set1635
passa1645
disanimation1646
suffering1651
abition1656
Passovera1662
latter (last) end1670
finis1682
exitus1706
perch1722
demission1735
demise1753
translation1760
transit1764
dropping1768
expiry1790
departal1823
finish1826
homegoing1866
the last (also final, great) round-up1879
snuffing1922
fade-out1924
thirty1929
appointment in Samarra1934
dirt nap1981
big chill1987
1651 G. Fox Jrnl. (1911) I. 14 Two men sufferd for small thinges: & I was moved..to Incourage ym concerneinge there suffringe.
c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 246 The Suffering of St. Laurence painted a fresca on the Wall.
c. The incurring of loss. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > loss > [noun] > the incurring of
suffering1805
1805 C. Collingwood Let. 24 Oct. in Daily Chron. (1905) 10 July 3/4 This Great day has not been without a considerable suffering on our part in loss of Officers and Men.
3.
a. A painful condition; pain suffered.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [noun]
sorec825
acheeOE
wrakeOE
trayOE
woe?a1200
pinec1200
sorrowc1225
teenc1225
grievousness1303
dolec1320
balea1325
painc1330
warkingc1340
dolour?c1370
sufferance1422
offencea1425
angerc1440
sufferingc1450
penalty?1462
penality1496
grief1509
stress1533
sufferance1597
somatalgia1607
suffering1609
tort1632
miserya1825
c1450 (c1390) G. Chaucer Complaint of Venus 45 Thus be we euyr in drede and suffrynge.
a1771 T. Gray tr. Dante in Wks. (1884) I. 159 Far less shall be Our Suffering, Sir.
1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV xxii. 14 All suffering doth destroy, or is destroy'd, Even by the sufferer.
1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux II. iv. i. 135 I rose from the bed of suffering and of madness,..altered, but tranquil.
1890 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 26 53/2 It is just those energetic, matter-of-fact people, who..are the most likely to interfere and to aggravate suffering.
b. In particularized use, chiefly plural.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [noun]
sorec825
acheeOE
wrakeOE
trayOE
woe?a1200
pinec1200
sorrowc1225
teenc1225
grievousness1303
dolec1320
balea1325
painc1330
warkingc1340
dolour?c1370
sufferance1422
offencea1425
angerc1440
sufferingc1450
penalty?1462
penality1496
grief1509
stress1533
sufferance1597
somatalgia1607
suffering1609
tort1632
miserya1825
1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) iv. lxxv. 106 Future ill On present suffrings, bruted to aryse.
1611 Bible (King James) Rom. viii. 18 The sufferings of this present time. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 26 Of worse deeds worse sufferings must ensue. View more context for this quotation
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. ii. 32 We cannot find by Experience, that all our Sufferings are owing to our own Follies.
1764 R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 197 The sufferings indeed of the poor are less known, than their misdeeds.
1780 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. (1789) xiv. §1 This is a suffering common to all.
1862 M. Napier Mem. Life Visct. Dundee II. 84 All were expected, under the Orange Revolution, to contribute a suffering, however small, to this grand Commination of the governments of the Restoration.
1877 ‘Mrs. Forrester’ Mignon I. 221 She is callous to his sufferings.
c. In the Society of Friends, the hardships of those who were distrained upon for tithes, etc. Meeting for Sufferings: an organization for investigating and relieving these: see also quot. 1906.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > hardship > a) hardship(s) > specifically in Society of Friends
suffering1661
1661 F. Howgill in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1911) 2nd Ser. 129 Wee haue made it our work to collect vp all the sufferings from all partes & to make what vse wee cann of them.
1683 S. Meade in Jrnl. Friends' Hist. Soc. (1914) Oct. 165 An exact Acct of all your sufferings..sent up hither to the meettinge of sufferrings, in order to bee putt to the rest of ffriends sufferrings, yt are presented to ye Kinge.
a1691 G. Fox Coll. Christian Epist. 109 All Friends every where, that are in any Sufferings, let your Sufferings be gathered up together in every County.
1708 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 22) i. iii. i. 200 Their Meetings..are..Monthly, Quarterly, Yearly, Second-Days Meetings, and Meeting of Sufferings.
1837 W. Allen Jrnl. in Life (1847) III. 265 Fifty Friends of the Meeting for Sufferings met.
1906 Christ. Discipl. Soc. Friends II. xi. 59 The Meeting for Sufferings (so called from the nature of its original object) is a standing representative committee of the Yearly Meeting, and is entrusted with a general care of whatever may arise during the intervals of the Yearly Meeting affecting the Society.
4. (a) Permission. (b) Tolerance. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun]
leaveeOE
yleaveOE
willOE
grant?c1225
thaving?c1225
grantisea1300
licence1362
grace1389
pardona1425
libertyc1425
patiencec1425
permission1425
sufferingc1460
congee1477
legencea1500
withganga1500
favour1574
beleve1575
permittance1580
withgate1599
passage1622
sufferage1622
attolerance1676
sanction1738
permiss-
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > permission by non-intervention or toleration
sufferancea1300
allowancea1402
tholance1446
tholing1457
sufferingc1460
low1535
connivinga1648
Nelson eye1893
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > gentleness or mildness > [noun] > tolerance or forbearance
tholea1325
tholance1446
tholing1457
sufferingc1460
tolerancya1556
toleration1582
forbearance1599
tolerance1765
tolerantism1824
tolerism1851
tolerationism1898
c1460 Oseney Reg. 135 Frere William Sutton By þe suffryng of god Abbot of Oseneye.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxciii. 677 Ye haue had a fayre sufferyng.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 315 About the sufferring of ane day of law anens the clairk of Sanctandros.
1637 Decree Starre-Chamber conc. Printing xiii. sig. E He..shall first giue notice..of such demise, or suffering to worke or print there.
5. Passive reception of action. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > operation upon something > [noun] > subjecting to an action or process > undergoing or reception of action
passion?a1425
suffering1577
perception1626
undergoing1645
perpession1647
passivity1659
affection1759
1577 Vicary's Profitable Treat. Anat. sig. M.iv Lyke as the Renet of the Cheese hath by him selfe the way or vertue of working, so hath the mylke by way of suffering.
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xiv. 241 What els is corrupting, but suffering? And what els is suffering, but receyuing?
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

sufferingadj.

Brit. /ˈsʌf(ə)rɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈsəf(ə)rɪŋ/
Etymology: < suffer v. + -ing suffix2.
1. That endures patiently, long-suffering n.; inured to suffering; submissive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [adjective] > long-suffering
longmoodeOE
sufferable1303
sufferantc1330
sufferinga1340
long1483
long-willeda1500
long-enduring1527
long-suffering1535
long-minded1618
longanimous1620
Indian1737
enduring1816–7
endurant1866
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter vii. 12 God rightwis iuge, stalworth and soffrand.
c1400 tr. Secr. Secr., Gov. Lordsh. 108 Þat þou ert..lastyng, wys, and sufferand.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vii. xx. 244 He is curteis and mylde and the moost sufferynge man that euer I mette with al.
1605 B. Jonson Sejanus iv. i. 405 Whome hee (vpon our low, and suffering neckes) Hath rays'd, from excrement, to side the Gods. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. i. 129 Such suffering Soules That welcome wrongs. View more context for this quotation
1679 W. Penn in Wks. I. Penington (1784) I. p. x By nature he was suffering to a degree of letting his mercy to others almost wound his own soul.
1694 J. Kettlewell Compan. for Persecuted in Wks. (1718) II. 295 O Almighty..God!..in these Suffering Times, give me a Suffering Spirit.
2. Passive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > operation upon something > [adjective] > involving subjection to action or influence > undergoing an action
passivea1398
suffering1398
patient?a1425
passible?1533
pathic1857
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) vi. xii In þe male beþ vertues formale and schaping..and in þe female materialle suffring and passiue.
1792 W. Cowper Let. 26 Jan. (1984) IV. 7 The infallible Judge of human conduct may possibly behold with more complacency a suffering than an active courage.
3.
a. Of persons, their character, condition, etc.: That suffers, or is characterized by the suffering of, pain, affliction, or distress.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > [adjective]
angeredc1275
miseasedc1390
woea1398
forpainedc1400
labouringc1425
passive?a1439
painedc1450
loaden1542
sored1557
stressed1559
pinched1566
grieved1586
suffering1609
heavy-laden1611
undergoinga1616
vulned1628
loaded1661
afflicted1690
sick as a parrot1705
crosseda1732
wrung1862
traumatized1935
fraught1966
1609 W. Shakespeare Louers Complaint in Sonnets sig. K4 Gentle maid Haue of my suffering youth some feeling pitty.
1646 H. Hammond View Exceptions to Visct. Falkland's Disc. Infallibilitie 102 It is well knowne that..where both religions are professed..none be on the suffering hand but we, none persecutes but they.
1660 R. Allestree Gentlemans Calling Pref. sig. a4v The Martyrologie even of these suffering times.
1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 81 You have your day, or you are much bely'd, But I am always on the suff'ring side.
1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels I. 11 We can feed and cloath hungry and naked Christ in his suffering Members.
a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) VI. 296 The Christian Religion..is a suffering Religion.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 123 Deserters from principle,..they never see any good in suffering virtue. View more context for this quotation
1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. xviii. 357 Such nature and feeling in it as must..make it a very suffering exhibition to herself. View more context for this quotation
1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 51 Many..live among their suffering fellow-men As if none felt.
1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham II. xiii. 126 Mr. Chitterling Crabtree..subscribed to the aid of the suffering friends of freedom.
1885 Athenæum 18 July 79/3 Her verse is characterized by..keen sympathy with suffering man and woman.
b. In Puritan use, with reference to hardships endured for the sake of religion, esp. in suffering saint.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [adjective] > enduring trial or affliction
suffering1661
society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [noun] > person > who endures trial or affliction
suffering saint1661
1661 J. Perrot (title) To the Suffering Seed of Royalty, Wheresoever Tribulated upon the Face of the whole Earth.
1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 96 That Sinners may supply the place Of suff'ring Saints, is a plain Case.
1668 J. Dryden Secret-love Epil. A whipt Fanatick who does not recant Is by his Brethren call'd a suffring Saint.
1682 J. Graham Let. 1 Mar. (modernized text) in M. Napier Mem. Life Visct. Dundee (1862) II. 267 I would desire leave to draw out of the two regiments a hundred of the best musketeers had served abroad; and I should take horses here, amongst the suffering sinners.]
1896 ‘Iota’ Quaker Grandmother 317 Harry was as yet scarcely in fit condition for any suffering-saint phase to be foisted upon him.
c. [After French souffrant.] Ill, indisposed. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > [adjective] > in state of ill health or diseased
untrumc825
sickc888
unwholec888
slackc897
unstronga900
sicklea1000
sam-halea1023
worseOE
attaint1303
languishinga1325
heallessc1374
sicklyc1374
sicklewa1387
bada1393
mishalea1400
languoring?c1425
distempered1440
unwell?c1450
detent?a1475
poora1475
languorousc1475
maladif1481
illa1500
maladiousc1500
wanthriven1508
attainted1509
unsound1513
acrazed1521
cracked1527
unsoundya1529
visited1537
infirmed1552
crazed1555
healthless1568
ill-liking1572
afflicted1574
crazy1576
unhealthful1580
sickish1581
valetudinary1581
not well1587
fainty1590
ill-disposed1596
unhealthsome1598
tainted1600
ill-affected1604
peaking1611
unhealthy1611
infirmited1616
disaffected1626
physical1633
illish1637
pimping1640
invalid1642
misaffected1645
valetudinarious1648
unhale1653
badly1654
unwholesome1655
valetudinous1655
morbulent1656
off the hooksa1658
mawkish1668
morbid1668
unthriven1680
unsane1690
ailing1716
not wellish1737
underlya1742
poorly1750
indifferent1753
comical1755
maladized1790
sober1808
sickened1815
broken-down1816
peaky1821
poorlyish1827
souffrante1827
run-down1831
sicklied1835
addle1844
shaky1844
mean1845
dauncy1846
stricken1846
peakyish1853
po'ly1860
pindling1861
rough1882
rocky1883
suffering1885
wabbit1895
icky-boo1920
like death warmed up1924
icky1938
ropy1945
crappy1956
hanging1971
sick as a parrot1982
shite1987
1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Valerie's Fate iii My poor friend is very suffering and anxious to press on to Mentone.
d. suffering cat(s)! an exclamation expressing surprise or annoyance. Also the suffering Moses (cf. Moses n. 1c), etc.
ΚΠ
1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad v. 52 The suffering Moses!—there ain't money enough in the ship to pay that bill!
1897 R. Kipling Captains Courageous vi. 134 ‘Sufferin' Christianity!’ sez Counahan (he always said that whin..he was not feelin' good).
1907 S. E. White Arizona Nights (U.K. ed.) xv. 217 Suffering cats, think how that fellow sized us up for a lot of pattern-made fools.
1931 S. Lewis Sel. Short Stories (1935) 162 Suffering cats! You might have been one of your uncles still puttering around with dirty pitchforks back on the farm!
1948 G. H. Johnston Death takes Small Bites v. 122 She doesn't think I've got any guts.’ ‘Well, sufferin' cat! What does she want? Alexander the Great?’
1977 J. Porter Who the Heck is Sylvia? vi. 54 Oh, suffering cats, with that bunch of lecherous thugs it could have been anybody!
4. transferred. Becoming impaired by use. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adjective] > by loss of material or wasted > worn > becoming worn
suffering1602
wearing1908
1602 B. Jonson Poetaster i. i. sig. A4v The suffring Plough-share or the Flint may weare. View more context for this quotation

Compounds

suffering-minded adj.
ΚΠ
1598 G. Chapman tr. Homer Seauen Bks. Iliades v. 276 Most suffering-minded Tydeus sonne.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.a1340adj.a1340
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