summeringn.¹

Brit.

/ˈsʌm(ə)rɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈsəmərɪŋ/

Forms: late Middle English– summering, 1500s symmering (Scottish), 1500s–1600s sommering, 1800s summerin.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: summer n.¹, -ing suffix¹; summer v.¹, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: Partly < summer n.¹ + -ing suffix¹, and partly < summer v.¹ + -ing suffix¹. Compare wintering n.With sense 2b perhaps compare Old Icelandic sumrungr and also slightly earlier summerling n.

a. Esp. of cattle that are being pastured, or migratory animals: the action or habit of spending the summer in a particular place; an instance of this. Also with on or upon, and in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [noun] > pasturing > types of pasturing

summering1477

foggage1669

free range1877

stockage1884

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > action or occupation of pasturing > types of pasturing

foggage1471

summering1477

intercommoning1573

commonage1610

intercommonage1628

fore-eatagea1642

summering ground1664

retropannage1679

summering plain1688

pannage1772

free range1877

free ranging1882

stockage1884

shackage1885

mob stocking1953

1477–8 in E. Hobhouse Churchwardens' Accts. (1890) 193 For wyntering and summering of the chyrche cowe, iijs.

1580 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 156 Fyve s. for the symmering of tua ky to him in symmer last wes.

1592 in Sussex Archæol. Coll. (1892) 38 149 He hath heard that the ‘Bedle’ or rent gatherer hath customably had for the yearly gathering of the rent of Marlpost five loads of wood out of Marlpost Wood, the summering of two beasts in courte lands, and 8d. for spur money, or else his dinner.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 605 The Romans had a speciall regard to chuse some places for the summering of their sheepe, and some place for their wintering.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey i. 45 Aladin..assigned him this village to winter in, and the mountaines adioyning for the sommering of his cattell.

1677 F. Bampfield All in One 97 There is a Summering of the flying Fowl, and of all Beast of this Earth upon a people: so also a wintering upon them.

1771 A. Young Six Months Tour N. Eng. (ed. 2) II. x. 214 An acre is sufficient by mixing stock to equal the summering of a cow.

1795 J. Naismith Observ. Breeds Sheep iii. 20 The practice of long summering..is much given up.

1818 T. Hulme Jrnl. 28 June in W. Cobbett Year's Resid. U.S.A. (1819) iii. 334 After a long summering upon wild flesh.

1888 C. M. Doughty Trav. Arabia Deserta I. 24 When nearly all the villagers lie encamped..for the summering of their cattle.

1915 Condor 17 237/1 The Wilson Snipe and Woodcock must rest their cases chiefly in the hands of the gunner..; for there is yet plenty of land suited to summering and to wintering of these birds.

1942 Geogr. Jrnl. 99 277 Vast stretches of the countryside were wild and unproductive, given over at best to the summering of cattle.

1977 Agric. Hist. Rev. 25 25/1 Summering on hill pasture is usually explained as a means of conserving low pasture and, more important, protecting the unfenced crops from damage.

2016 Craven Herald (Nexis) 19 Apr. The 511 head of cattle penned for sale at Skipton Auction Mart's fortnightly Wednesday fixture were sharper to trade than the previous sale, with..those for summering taking a nice rise on the fortnight.

b. The action or practice of spending the summer, typically somewhere away from one's city, place of work, etc.; an instance of this. Also figurative and in figurative contexts. Now chiefly U.S.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [noun] > for the summer

summering1648

the world > time > period > year > season > [noun] > summer > spending the summer

summering place1565

summering1648

the world > time > period > year > season > [adjective] > of or relating to summer > spending the summer

summering1648

summering1675

summering1787

1648 Earl of Westmorland Otia Sacra i. 15 His Zodiack should bring Us to the Tropick of our Summering In those warm thoughts.

1856 S. Warner Hills of Shatemuc x The young ladies' summering in the country had begun with good promise.

1892 R. Kipling in Times (Weekly ed.) 25 Nov. 13/2 You in England have no idea of what Summering means in the States.

1917 Amer. Art News 15 Sept. 5/3 What is known as the re-entry (la rentrée—the return) from summerings away from the capital [sc. Paris] does not really commence until about Oct. 1.

1999 O. Löfgren On Holiday (2002) 152 Summering makes people more naked..as they discard old defenses and winter conventions.

2009 Jerusalem Rep. (Nexis) 29 Sept. (Books section) 42 His poems are full of allusions to..his summerings in New York's snooty Hamptons.

c. The maintenance and care of a horse, esp. one used in hunting, during summer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [noun] > summering of hunters

summering1831

1831 ‘Nimrod’ Remarks Condition Hunters Index 502 Summering in the stable and at grass, comparative expenses of.

1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports ii. iii. ii. §2. 404/2 In the middle of September the training for the hunting season begins, and at that time the summering may be considered at an end.

1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 194/1 It will probably be nearly a month after the last hunting day before the summering treatment is adopted.

1904 Baily's Mag. Feb. 103/2 A judicious summering, and perhaps blistering, will do wonders in the way of reducing big joints and other signs of work.

1917 F. T. Barton Ponies xxx. 388 It is necessary to give the animal a few months summering, and if necessary apply a good strong blister.

2016 Mumbai Mirror (Nexis) 6 Apr. Three other horses too failed the drug test when compulsorily sampled on their arrival to Pune after a spell of summering at a nearby stabling facility.

2. British regional.

†a. Chiefly in plural. Summer pasture or feed. Obsolete.In early use overlapping to some extent with sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > winter or summer fodder

stover1557

winter fodder1567

winterage1589

summering1605

wintering meat1606

winter feeda1722

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture > summer pasture

shiel1532

shieling1568

summering1605

shiel-town1606

setterc1772

summer lease1794

1605 R. Dallington Suruey Great Dukes State Tuscany 13 Besides the pleasure it yeelds of hunting, it yeeldeth also summering and Haye for his Horses.

1769 St. James's Chron. 18 May The Chace affords Summering for great Numbers of Cattle.

1820 Morning Chron. 10 Aug. 1/4 Its summerings and winterings for both ewes and wedders are connected; the winterings..extend to Lochness.

1894 Morning Post 3 Feb. 2/1 If the meadow land which belonged to the farm was cut off, leaving only the summering.

1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words (at cited word) Summerings, Sommerings, pastures on the moors; so-called from their being occupied only in the summer months.

†b. In plural. Cattle of one year old. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > calf > [noun] > between one and two years old

stirk8..

stirket1313

stirkin1559

stirkie18..

summering1828

1828 Evans & Ruffy's Farmers' Jrnl. 9 June 184/4 There were..a considerable number of Summerings in the market for sale.

1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Summerings, cattle of one year old.

c. In plural. Summer apples or pears. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apples or pears

summering1847

1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Summerings,..very early apples and pears.

1856 Children's Mag. 19 241 There were codlins, and russets, and summerins, and rennets, and..the whole family of pippins.

1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Summerings, a kind of apple which is ripe early.

1900 Irish Monthly Sept. 510 Conscientious boys whose only sin of the past has been apple-filching, try not to fix their eyes upon the deepening crimson of ‘summerings’, or the smooth, pale-yellow complexion of ‘Keswicks’.

1957 H. Hall Parish's Dict. Sussex Dial. (new ed.) Summerings, the earliest apples and pears.

3. A summer excursion, festivity, or occasion for revelry. Frequently in plural. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > outing or excursion > [noun] > type of

summering1606

campaign1748

shoemaker's holiday1768

water-party1771

marooning1773

maroon1779

junket1814

pleasure cruise1837

straw ride1856

camp1865

pleasure cruising1880

hanami1891

mystery tour1926

mystery trip1931

awayday1972

gimmick1998

society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > specific festivities > [noun] > festivities associated with midsummer

summer gamea1400

watch1445

summer ale1586

summering1606

midsummer alea1639

1606 King James VI & I in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1885) 1st Ser. VII. 489 Thair forbearing ony suche lyke sommering heirefter.

1630 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentleman 166 Both Southward in their Wakes, and Northward in their Summerings, the very same Recreations are to this day continued.

1631 R. Brathwait Whimzies xvii. 132 His Soveraignty is showne highest at May-games, Wakes, Summerings, and Rush-bearings.

1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. Summering, a rush-bearing.

1858 Ladies' Repository July 13/2 For years it [sc. Prospect Hill] has been the resort of May parties, and June parties, and Summerings of all descriptions.

1985 PN Rev. Sept. Observe the rites of May, betake yourselves To wakes, summerings and rush-bearings, Wash with hawthorn-dew on a bright morning For beauty's preservation.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

a. In sense 1a, as summering ground, summering plain, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > action or occupation of pasturing > types of pasturing

foggage1471

summering1477

intercommoning1573

commonage1610

intercommonage1628

fore-eatagea1642

summering ground1664

retropannage1679

summering plain1688

pannage1772

free range1877

free ranging1882

stockage1884

shackage1885

mob stocking1953

1664 in Northumb. Gloss. at Summering All my summering grounds in the parish of Symonburne.

1688 W. Scot True Hist. Families i. 33 All our South-parts was Wood and Forrest, Except here and there a Summering Plain.

1795 J. Naismith Observ. Breeds Sheep iii. 20 The spare pasture allowed to new weaned lambs on the summering grounds.

1797 Ann. Agric. 30 261 Were not the summering-land also winter fed occasionally.

1874 Trans. Highland & Agric. Soc. Scotl. 6 117 A chain of wire fencing..which would..cut off the wintering from the summering lands.

1920 Rep. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 52 74 A Hartland farmer..writes to me: ‘The moor is all right to summer big bullocks and colts’... So we have ‘Summering-ground’, i.e. pasture kept for summer feeding.

1998 GeoJournal 46 330/1 An area used as a summering ground by local villagers.

2002 Rangelands 24 15/2 Optimum herd productivity can be maintained, while cutting wintering costs and optimizing summering costs.

b. In sense 1b, as summering-house. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > period > year > season > [adjective] > of or relating to summer > spending the summer

summering1648

summering1675

summering1787

1675 J. Covel Diary in J. T. Bent Early Voy. Levant (1893) 238 The G. Sr. nourishes severall [English mastiffs], and hath here hard by our house a sommering-house for them.

1873 Ladies' Repos. Aug. 150/2 Manhattan Island, last of places for a summering experience, except by necessity.

1883 Van Wert (Ohio) Weekly Bull. 19 Oct. An example of this was offered last season in a summering-house on the Allegheny Mountains.

1908 Nat. Builder Jan. 22/2 Just such a building as would answer for a seaside or a lakeside summering house.

1989 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 30 Sept. i. 9/5 McClellanville existed apart from the rest of South Carolina as a fishing port and a summering village full of airy, handsome homes with wide porches.

C2.

summering place n. a place in which animals or people spend the summer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > period > year > season > [noun] > summer > spending the summer

summering place1565

summering1648

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > pasture > types of pasturing

summer1601

to be (also go or run) at shack1706

range1816

shacka1825

ranch1851

summering place1968

1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Confectus When they had done restinge in their summering places.

1595 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 254 I will that my wiffe be fre to all my sommering places.

1849 W. G. Simms Father Abbot xiv. 202 Here is an establishment beside the sea—it is the only great ocean summering place from Cape May to the Mississippi.

1883 Harper's Mag. Aug. 331/2 Altoona..is a summering place.

1901 Princeton (Illinois) Bureau County Tribune 12 Apr. 8/1 It was no fashionable summering place like Saratoga, Cape May, or even Clifton Springs.

1968 Herald-Press (St. Joseph, Mich.) 5 Nov. 1/1 (caption) About 20 horsemen drive herd from summering place on Edward Ordiway farm.

2008 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 12 Sept. 12 The Cowshed Spa at St Moritz Hotel in North Cornwall's popular summering place of Rock.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† summeringn.²

Forms: 1700s somering, 1700s–1800s summering, 1700s–1900s sommering.

Origin: Probably formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: summer n.², -ing suffix¹; summer v.², -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: Probably partly < summer n.² + -ing suffix¹, and partly < summer v.² + -ing suffix¹. The term perhaps originally indicated the skewback or sloping surface of an abutment supporting the thrust of an arch (compare French sommier (see sommier n.), attested from 1680 in this sense), the shape of which determines the arch's curve. N.E.D. (1917) notes ‘There is no evidence for a sense (given in some recent Dicts.) “the first mass of masonry laid upon a pier, column, etc. when it begins an arched construction”.’

Architecture. Obsolete.

In various applications indicating the direction, angle, etc., of the elements forming an arch, or the manner of construction of an arch; spec. (a) the beds of the stones or bricks of an arch considered with reference to their direction; (b) the radial direction of the joints of an arch; (c) the degree of curvature of an arch.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > parts of

coin1350

pendant1359

voussoir1359

springer1435

spandrel1477

spring?1553

pitch1615

kneeler1617

gimmalsa1652

face1664

of the third point1672

turn1677

sweep1685

hance1700

skew-back1700

summering1700

springing1703

tympan1704

hip1726

reins1726

rib1726

third point1728

quoin1730

archivolt1731

opening1739

soffit1739

shoulder1744

extrados1772

intrados1772

haunch1793

arch-stone1828

twist1840

coign1843

architrave1849

escoinçon1867

pulvino1907

pin1928

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > manner of construction

summering1700

spring1726

surbasement1833

encorbellment1886

1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 39 According to the breadth of the Piers between the Windows, so ought the Skew-back or Sommering of the Arch to be.

1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 9 The Centre for the Skew-back or Sommering to point to... By Sommering, is to be understood the level Joints betwixt the Courses of Bricks in the Arch.

1751 W. Halfpenny Designs Chinese Bridges ii. 8 The middle Pieces are taper, according to the somering of the Arch.

1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 329 In arching, the beds are, by some, called summerings.

1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 593 Sommering, the continuation of the joints of arches towards a centre.

1857 W. D. Haskoll Railway Constr. I. 173 The bricks for all the small culverts, and other small arches, must be moulded to suit the summering of the arches.

1872 Ann. Progress Rep. Public Wks. Central Provinces iv. 10 The great flatness of the arch at the crown giving only half an inch of summering on each side of the keystone.

1905 F. W. Booker Elem. Pract. Building Constr. iv. 51 The splay to which a brick is cut is called its sommering.

Compounds

General attributive.

ΚΠ

1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 35 Divide the upper Hanse from the centre O, making a right Angle from each sommering Line to the Ellipsis.., this will be the Sommering Mould for the Hanse;..then make another Sommering Mould to fit between two of these Lines.

1725 W. Halfpenny Art of Sound Building 55 Cut the Arch on the End of the Brick, as also the Summering Joint.

1863 Builder 10 Jan. 223/3 Preserving the bond and resistant thrust of the abutment, which latter force would have been cut at every stepping or set-off of sommering rims.

1906 J. G. Horner Henley's Encycl. Pract. Engin. I. 169/1 The sommering lines are radiating lines which correspond with the direction of the bed joints of the voussoirs.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	summering
释义	summeringn.¹ Brit. /ˈsʌm(ə)rɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈsəmərɪŋ/ Forms: late Middle English– summering, 1500s symmering (Scottish), 1500s–1600s sommering, 1800s summerin. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: summer n.¹, -ing suffix¹; summer v.¹, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: Partly < summer n.¹ + -ing suffix¹, and partly < summer v.¹ + -ing suffix¹. Compare wintering n.With sense 2b perhaps compare Old Icelandic sumrungr and also slightly earlier summerling n. 1. a. Esp. of cattle that are being pastured, or migratory animals: the action or habit of spending the summer in a particular place; an instance of this. Also with on or upon, and in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [noun] > pasturing > types of pasturing summering1477 foggage1669 free range1877 stockage1884 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > action or occupation of pasturing > types of pasturing foggage1471 summering1477 intercommoning1573 commonage1610 intercommonage1628 fore-eatagea1642 summering ground1664 retropannage1679 summering plain1688 pannage1772 free range1877 free ranging1882 stockage1884 shackage1885 mob stocking1953 1477–8 in E. Hobhouse Churchwardens' Accts. (1890) 193 For wyntering and summering of the chyrche cowe, iijs. 1580 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 156 Fyve s. for the symmering of tua ky to him in symmer last wes. 1592 in Sussex Archæol. Coll. (1892) 38 149 He hath heard that the ‘Bedle’ or rent gatherer hath customably had for the yearly gathering of the rent of Marlpost five loads of wood out of Marlpost Wood, the summering of two beasts in courte lands, and 8d. for spur money, or else his dinner. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 605 The Romans had a speciall regard to chuse some places for the summering of their sheepe, and some place for their wintering. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey i. 45 Aladin..assigned him this village to winter in, and the mountaines adioyning for the sommering of his cattell. 1677 F. Bampfield All in One 97 There is a Summering of the flying Fowl, and of all Beast of this Earth upon a people: so also a wintering upon them. 1771 A. Young Six Months Tour N. Eng. (ed. 2) II. x. 214 An acre is sufficient by mixing stock to equal the summering of a cow. 1795 J. Naismith Observ. Breeds Sheep iii. 20 The practice of long summering..is much given up. 1818 T. Hulme Jrnl. 28 June in W. Cobbett Year's Resid. U.S.A. (1819) iii. 334 After a long summering upon wild flesh. 1888 C. M. Doughty Trav. Arabia Deserta I. 24 When nearly all the villagers lie encamped..for the summering of their cattle. 1915 Condor 17 237/1 The Wilson Snipe and Woodcock must rest their cases chiefly in the hands of the gunner..; for there is yet plenty of land suited to summering and to wintering of these birds. 1942 Geogr. Jrnl. 99 277 Vast stretches of the countryside were wild and unproductive, given over at best to the summering of cattle. 1977 Agric. Hist. Rev. 25 25/1 Summering on hill pasture is usually explained as a means of conserving low pasture and, more important, protecting the unfenced crops from damage. 2016 Craven Herald (Nexis) 19 Apr. The 511 head of cattle penned for sale at Skipton Auction Mart's fortnightly Wednesday fixture were sharper to trade than the previous sale, with..those for summering taking a nice rise on the fortnight. b. The action or practice of spending the summer, typically somewhere away from one's city, place of work, etc.; an instance of this. Also figurative and in figurative contexts. Now chiefly U.S. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [noun] > for the summer summering1648 the world > time > period > year > season > [noun] > summer > spending the summer summering place1565 summering1648 the world > time > period > year > season > [adjective] > of or relating to summer > spending the summer summering1648 summering1675 summering1787 1648 Earl of Westmorland Otia Sacra i. 15 His Zodiack should bring Us to the Tropick of our Summering In those warm thoughts. 1856 S. Warner Hills of Shatemuc x The young ladies' summering in the country had begun with good promise. 1892 R. Kipling in Times (Weekly ed.) 25 Nov. 13/2 You in England have no idea of what Summering means in the States. 1917 Amer. Art News 15 Sept. 5/3 What is known as the re-entry (la rentrée—the return) from summerings away from the capital [sc. Paris] does not really commence until about Oct. 1. 1999 O. Löfgren On Holiday (2002) 152 Summering makes people more naked..as they discard old defenses and winter conventions. 2009 Jerusalem Rep. (Nexis) 29 Sept. (Books section) 42 His poems are full of allusions to..his summerings in New York's snooty Hamptons. c. The maintenance and care of a horse, esp. one used in hunting, during summer. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [noun] > summering of hunters summering1831 1831 ‘Nimrod’ Remarks Condition Hunters Index 502 Summering in the stable and at grass, comparative expenses of. 1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports ii. iii. ii. §2. 404/2 In the middle of September the training for the hunting season begins, and at that time the summering may be considered at an end. 1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 194/1 It will probably be nearly a month after the last hunting day before the summering treatment is adopted. 1904 Baily's Mag. Feb. 103/2 A judicious summering, and perhaps blistering, will do wonders in the way of reducing big joints and other signs of work. 1917 F. T. Barton Ponies xxx. 388 It is necessary to give the animal a few months summering, and if necessary apply a good strong blister. 2016 Mumbai Mirror (Nexis) 6 Apr. Three other horses too failed the drug test when compulsorily sampled on their arrival to Pune after a spell of summering at a nearby stabling facility. 2. British regional. †a. Chiefly in plural. Summer pasture or feed. Obsolete.In early use overlapping to some extent with sense 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > winter or summer fodder stover1557 winter fodder1567 winterage1589 summering1605 wintering meat1606 winter feeda1722 the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture > summer pasture shiel1532 shieling1568 summering1605 shiel-town1606 setterc1772 summer lease1794 1605 R. Dallington Suruey Great Dukes State Tuscany 13 Besides the pleasure it yeelds of hunting, it yeeldeth also summering and Haye for his Horses. 1769 St. James's Chron. 18 May The Chace affords Summering for great Numbers of Cattle. 1820 Morning Chron. 10 Aug. 1/4 Its summerings and winterings for both ewes and wedders are connected; the winterings..extend to Lochness. 1894 Morning Post 3 Feb. 2/1 If the meadow land which belonged to the farm was cut off, leaving only the summering. 1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words (at cited word) Summerings, Sommerings, pastures on the moors; so-called from their being occupied only in the summer months. †b. In plural. Cattle of one year old. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > calf > [noun] > between one and two years old stirk8.. stirket1313 stirkin1559 stirkie18.. summering1828 1828 Evans & Ruffy's Farmers' Jrnl. 9 June 184/4 There were..a considerable number of Summerings in the market for sale. 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Summerings, cattle of one year old. c. In plural. Summer apples or pears. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apples or pears summering1847 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Summerings,..very early apples and pears. 1856 Children's Mag. 19 241 There were codlins, and russets, and summerins, and rennets, and..the whole family of pippins. 1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Summerings, a kind of apple which is ripe early. 1900 Irish Monthly Sept. 510 Conscientious boys whose only sin of the past has been apple-filching, try not to fix their eyes upon the deepening crimson of ‘summerings’, or the smooth, pale-yellow complexion of ‘Keswicks’. 1957 H. Hall Parish's Dict. Sussex Dial. (new ed.) Summerings, the earliest apples and pears. 3. A summer excursion, festivity, or occasion for revelry. Frequently in plural. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > outing or excursion > [noun] > type of summering1606 campaign1748 shoemaker's holiday1768 water-party1771 marooning1773 maroon1779 junket1814 pleasure cruise1837 straw ride1856 camp1865 pleasure cruising1880 hanami1891 mystery tour1926 mystery trip1931 awayday1972 gimmick1998 society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > specific festivities > [noun] > festivities associated with midsummer summer gamea1400 watch1445 summer ale1586 summering1606 midsummer alea1639 1606 King James VI & I in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1885) 1st Ser. VII. 489 Thair forbearing ony suche lyke sommering heirefter. 1630 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentleman 166 Both Southward in their Wakes, and Northward in their Summerings, the very same Recreations are to this day continued. 1631 R. Brathwait Whimzies xvii. 132 His Soveraignty is showne highest at May-games, Wakes, Summerings, and Rush-bearings. 1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. Summering, a rush-bearing. 1858 Ladies' Repository July 13/2 For years it [sc. Prospect Hill] has been the resort of May parties, and June parties, and Summerings of all descriptions. 1985 PN Rev. Sept. Observe the rites of May, betake yourselves To wakes, summerings and rush-bearings, Wash with hawthorn-dew on a bright morning For beauty's preservation. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. In sense 1a, as summering ground, summering plain, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > action or occupation of pasturing > types of pasturing foggage1471 summering1477 intercommoning1573 commonage1610 intercommonage1628 fore-eatagea1642 summering ground1664 retropannage1679 summering plain1688 pannage1772 free range1877 free ranging1882 stockage1884 shackage1885 mob stocking1953 1664 in Northumb. Gloss. at Summering All my summering grounds in the parish of Symonburne. 1688 W. Scot True Hist. Families i. 33 All our South-parts was Wood and Forrest, Except here and there a Summering Plain. 1795 J. Naismith Observ. Breeds Sheep iii. 20 The spare pasture allowed to new weaned lambs on the summering grounds. 1797 Ann. Agric. 30 261 Were not the summering-land also winter fed occasionally. 1874 Trans. Highland & Agric. Soc. Scotl. 6 117 A chain of wire fencing..which would..cut off the wintering from the summering lands. 1920 Rep. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 52 74 A Hartland farmer..writes to me: ‘The moor is all right to summer big bullocks and colts’... So we have ‘Summering-ground’, i.e. pasture kept for summer feeding. 1998 GeoJournal 46 330/1 An area used as a summering ground by local villagers. 2002 Rangelands 24 15/2 Optimum herd productivity can be maintained, while cutting wintering costs and optimizing summering costs. b. In sense 1b, as summering-house. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > year > season > [adjective] > of or relating to summer > spending the summer summering1648 summering1675 summering1787 1675 J. Covel Diary in J. T. Bent Early Voy. Levant (1893) 238 The G. Sr. nourishes severall [English mastiffs], and hath here hard by our house a sommering-house for them. 1873 Ladies' Repos. Aug. 150/2 Manhattan Island, last of places for a summering experience, except by necessity. 1883 Van Wert (Ohio) Weekly Bull. 19 Oct. An example of this was offered last season in a summering-house on the Allegheny Mountains. 1908 Nat. Builder Jan. 22/2 Just such a building as would answer for a seaside or a lakeside summering house. 1989 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 30 Sept. i. 9/5 McClellanville existed apart from the rest of South Carolina as a fishing port and a summering village full of airy, handsome homes with wide porches. C2. summering place n. a place in which animals or people spend the summer. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > year > season > [noun] > summer > spending the summer summering place1565 summering1648 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > pasture > types of pasturing summer1601 to be (also go or run) at shack1706 range1816 shacka1825 ranch1851 summering place1968 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Confectus When they had done restinge in their summering places. 1595 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 254 I will that my wiffe be fre to all my sommering places. 1849 W. G. Simms Father Abbot xiv. 202 Here is an establishment beside the sea—it is the only great ocean summering place from Cape May to the Mississippi. 1883 Harper's Mag. Aug. 331/2 Altoona..is a summering place. 1901 Princeton (Illinois) Bureau County Tribune 12 Apr. 8/1 It was no fashionable summering place like Saratoga, Cape May, or even Clifton Springs. 1968 Herald-Press (St. Joseph, Mich.) 5 Nov. 1/1 (caption) About 20 horsemen drive herd from summering place on Edward Ordiway farm. 2008 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 12 Sept. 12 The Cowshed Spa at St Moritz Hotel in North Cornwall's popular summering place of Rock. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † summeringn.² Forms: 1700s somering, 1700s–1800s summering, 1700s–1900s sommering. Origin: Probably formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: summer n.², -ing suffix¹; summer v.², -ing suffix¹. Etymology: Probably partly < summer n.² + -ing suffix¹, and partly < summer v.² + -ing suffix¹. The term perhaps originally indicated the skewback or sloping surface of an abutment supporting the thrust of an arch (compare French sommier (see sommier n.), attested from 1680 in this sense), the shape of which determines the arch's curve. N.E.D. (1917) notes ‘There is no evidence for a sense (given in some recent Dicts.) “the first mass of masonry laid upon a pier, column, etc. when it begins an arched construction”.’ Architecture. Obsolete. In various applications indicating the direction, angle, etc., of the elements forming an arch, or the manner of construction of an arch; spec. (a) the beds of the stones or bricks of an arch considered with reference to their direction; (b) the radial direction of the joints of an arch; (c) the degree of curvature of an arch. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > parts of coin1350 pendant1359 voussoir1359 springer1435 spandrel1477 spring?1553 pitch1615 kneeler1617 gimmalsa1652 face1664 of the third point1672 turn1677 sweep1685 hance1700 skew-back1700 summering1700 springing1703 tympan1704 hip1726 reins1726 rib1726 third point1728 quoin1730 archivolt1731 opening1739 soffit1739 shoulder1744 extrados1772 intrados1772 haunch1793 arch-stone1828 twist1840 coign1843 architrave1849 escoinçon1867 pulvino1907 pin1928 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > manner of construction summering1700 spring1726 surbasement1833 encorbellment1886 1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 39 According to the breadth of the Piers between the Windows, so ought the Skew-back or Sommering of the Arch to be. 1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 9 The Centre for the Skew-back or Sommering to point to... By Sommering, is to be understood the level Joints betwixt the Courses of Bricks in the Arch. 1751 W. Halfpenny Designs Chinese Bridges ii. 8 The middle Pieces are taper, according to the somering of the Arch. 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 329 In arching, the beds are, by some, called summerings. 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 593 Sommering, the continuation of the joints of arches towards a centre. 1857 W. D. Haskoll Railway Constr. I. 173 The bricks for all the small culverts, and other small arches, must be moulded to suit the summering of the arches. 1872 Ann. Progress Rep. Public Wks. Central Provinces iv. 10 The great flatness of the arch at the crown giving only half an inch of summering on each side of the keystone. 1905 F. W. Booker Elem. Pract. Building Constr. iv. 51 The splay to which a brick is cut is called its sommering. Compounds General attributive. ΚΠ 1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 35 Divide the upper Hanse from the centre O, making a right Angle from each sommering Line to the Ellipsis.., this will be the Sommering Mould for the Hanse;..then make another Sommering Mould to fit between two of these Lines. 1725 W. Halfpenny Art of Sound Building 55 Cut the Arch on the End of the Brick, as also the Summering Joint. 1863 Builder 10 Jan. 223/3 Preserving the bond and resistant thrust of the abutment, which latter force would have been cut at every stepping or set-off of sommering rims. 1906 J. G. Horner Henley's Encycl. Pract. Engin. I. 169/1 The sommering lines are radiating lines which correspond with the direction of the bed joints of the voussoirs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). summeringadj. Brit. /ˈsʌm(ə)rɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈsəmərɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: summer v.¹, -ing suffix². Etymology: < summer v.¹ + -ing suffix². 1. Esp. of an animal: that passes or spends the summer in a particular place. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > year > season > [adjective] > of or relating to summer > spending the summer summering1648 summering1675 summering1787 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Joist, summering cattle; from agiste. ?1794 Country Gentleman's Compan. 1795 p. x (table) Bought... Wintering or Summering Cattle. 1867 Amer. Naturalist 8 264 Short-lived, summering chrysalides. 1920 Auk 37 244 The summering birds were found in the open bays. 1940 M. B. Trautman Birds Buckeye Lake, Ohio 170 The Eastern Least Bittern was the most numerous transient and summering species between 1860 and 1900. 2006 Field July 103/3 Summering nightjars were once common but the population declined sharply in the middle of the 20th century. †2. Chiefly poetic. That becomes warmer or more summer-like; (also) that takes on a more summer-like appearance. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > [adjective] > affording warmth > genial beekingc1230 fovent1614 summering1856 1856 G. Massey Craigcrook Castle 60 In at the windows Nature looks, and sings, and smiles them forth, To walk with her, and talk with her, and see the summering Earth. 1867 Catholic World June 318 I cannot think their sunshine was as golden..Their clouds as soft upon the summering sky. 1887 A. C. Swinburne Locrine i. i. 10 Seas that feel the summering skies. 1918 D. H. Lawrence New Poems 46 Soft as a summering tree Unfolds from the sky. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1477n.²1700adj.1787
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summeringn.1

Compounds

† summeringn.2

Compounds

summeringadj.

summeringn.¹

† summeringn.²