summitn.

Brit.

/ˈsʌmɪt/, U.S.

/ˈsəmət/

Forms: late Middle English somet, late Middle English somette, late Middle English sommet, late Middle English sommete, late Middle English sommette, 1500s summite, 1500s–1600s summitte, 1500s 1700s summet, 1600s somnet, 1600s– summit, 1700s summitt.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French sommet.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman sumet, Middle French sommet, masculine (also somete , sommette , feminine; French sommet ) topmost part of something (early 12th cent. in Old French), highest point of a mountain (late 12th cent.) < som , sum summit, highest point (early 12th cent.; < classical Latin summus : see sum n.¹) + -et -et suffix¹. Compare summity n.Specific forms. The modern spelling summit is due to assimilation to summity n. Specific senses. In sense 1b after the corresponding post-classical Latin specific use of classical Latin apex apex n.¹ (compare sense 5a at that entry); compare French sommet (1714 or earlier in this sense).

a. The topmost part of something; the apex.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > high position > [noun] > highest point or top

headOE

copa1000

heightOE

topc1000

highestlOE

crest1382

coperounc1400

summita1425

summity?a1425

toppet1439

altitude?a1475

upperest1484

principala1533

pitcha1552

supremity1584

culm1587

period1595

spire1600

upward1608

cope1609

fastigium1641

vertex1641

culmen1646

supreme1652

tip-top1702

peak1785

helm1893

altaltissimo1975

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > top of head > [noun]

nolleOE

mouldOE

shodec1000

topa1225

patea1325

polla1325

hattrelc1330

skullc1380

foretop1382

pommelc1385

summita1425

sconce1567

vertex1634

cantle1822

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun] > boss

bossc1405

summita1425

umbo1721

omphalos1857

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [noun] > Testacea (shelled molluscs) > shelled mollusc > shell > part of

auricle1665

heel1673

lip1681

mouth1681

whirl1681

rib1711

antihelix1721

canal1734

columella1755

vesture1755

body whirl1776

fent1776

pillar1776

pillar-lip1776

septum1786

aperture1794

body whorl1807

costa1812

seam1816

spine1822

umbo1822

varix1822

peristome1828

summit1828

nucleus1833

concameration1835

lunula1835

nympha1836

nymph1839

lunule1842

peritreme1848

body chamber1851

axis1866

umbone1867

liration1904

a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Heb. xi. 21 (MED) Þurgh feiþ, Iacob deyande he blessyde þe sengule childre of Ioseph, and he worschipide þe somet [L. fastigium] of his ȝerde.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 206^v Vpon the somette or toppe of the tour, he maad an ymage of copre.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. xxxi. f. xii^v He buylded an Hauen w^t a gate ther ouer w^tin Troynouant, In the summet or pynacle wheron was set a vessell of Brasse.

1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 728/1 There chaunced another Earthquake..which shooke and ouerthrewe some buildings, specially the toppes and summettes of steeples, turrets and chimneys were shaken therewith.

a1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 325 The Vines climbing to the summit of the trees reach in festoons & fruitages from one tree to another.

1706 M. Prior Ode to Queen 15 Let Europe sav'd the Column high erect... Sublime, the Queen shall on the Summet stand.

1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 536 Golden flow'rs, Blown on the summit of th' apparent fruit.

1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. II. 63 Shell thin,..with the summit pointed.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 172 A wild wave..Green-glimmering toward the summit.

1943 M. L. Fernald & A. C. Kinsey Edible Wild Plants Eastern N. Amer. iii. 176 The leafy summits of young stems of Sachaline..cooked as a potherb..are as good as or superior to French Sorrel.

2013 @kayOHbrien 20 Oct. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Watched the Eiffel Towel light up and sparkle tonight. And got a beautiful view of the city from the summit of the tower.

†b. Botany. The anther of a stamen (cf. earlier apex n.¹ 5a). Occasionally also: the stigma of a pistil (stigma n. 6). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > stamen or pistil > stamen(s) > anther

tittle1578

pendant1664

tamis1665

apex1673

chive1691

anthera1706

summit1720

tip1776

anther1783

connective1830

trophopollen1832

anther valve1839

connectivum-

1720 J. Martyn tr. Ode to Camerarius in P. Blair Bot. Ess. 327 The Stamina with Meal abound, And when the gentle Zephyrs blow, They from their double Summits [L. apices] throw The Golden Dust around.

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I Summits or Apices are those Bodies which contain the Prolifick Powder.

1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) I. 5 The Germen, the Summit, and the Anthers, are all that are essentially necessary.

1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. iii. 60 The essential part of the stamens are the summits or anthers.

2. spec.

a. The highest point or ridge of a mountain, hill, or similar geographical feature.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill or mountain > [noun] > summit

knollc888

knapc1000

copc1374

crest?a1400

head?a1425

summit1481

summitya1500

mountain topa1522

hilltop1530

stump1664

scalp1810

bald1838

van1871

dod1878

berg-top1953

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, passage, or means of access to a place > [noun] > through hills or difficult ground > highest point of

summit1481

1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) clxx. 251 Syon is toward the weste, on the sommete or toppe theron stondeth the chirche which is named Syon.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. iii. 18 It is a massie wheele Fixt on the somnet of the highest mount.

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary ann. 1620 (1955) II. 4 One of the most eminent hills in England for the prodigious prospect to be seen from its summit.

a1771 T. Gray Statius in Mem. (1775) 9 Ætna's smoking summit.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 155 Some of the summits of the Alps have never yet been visited by man.

1801 A. Mackenzie Voy. from Montreal 164 At two in the afternoon the rocky mountains appeared in sight, with their summits covered with snow.

1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities i. ii. 4 The last burst carried the mail to the summit of the hill.

1937 S. Pagliuca Weather in Mt. Washington Observatory News Bull. Nov. 3/3 The climate on the summit is low Arctic.

1977 N. Shepherd Living Mountain viii. 59 Very near the summits, on the most stony braes nest the snow buntings.

2017 Telegraph (India) (Nexis) 3 Oct. The expedition..reached the summit on September 21 after an arduous trek of more than a week.

b. The highest elevation in the course of a road, railway, or canal.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > a railway > highest point

summit1737

1737 tr. K. L. von Pöllnitz Amusemens de Spa II. 57 Mr. Lake led them to the Summit of the Road to Aix.

1796 R. Fulton Treat. Improvem. Canal Navigation xviii. 103 A single rail-way may be constructed; on the summit of which the apparatus D is formed.

1835 C. Vignole & J. Locke Two Rep. to Liverpool & Manch. Railway Company on Projected North Line of Railway 17 The locomotive engines on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway start at an elevation of 123 feet above the Dock Quays, and have to overcome a vertical rise of 81 feet to the summit.

1911 Motor Age 2 Nov. 20/1 The entire length of the road to its summit has been laid with macadam.

1970 Times 22 Aug. 12/6 The..engine thrust into action, lifting a ton of water every six seconds to feed the summit of the Kennet and Avon Canal.

2015 Birmingham Evening Mail (National ed.) (Nexis) 22 Aug. 19 Returning over the Settle & Carlisle Line, we climb Ais Gill, England's highest railway summit.

3. figurative.

a. The highest attainable point of achievement, success, development, etc.; the acme. Cf. pinnacle n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [noun] > peak of perfection

perfection1340

pointc1400

pinnaclec1450

firmament1526

tipe1548

vertical point1559

acmea1568

status1577

summity1588

sublimation1591

turret1593

topgallant1597

non ultra?1606

vertical1611

non plus ultra1647

ne ultraa1657

verticle1658

summit1661

ne plus ultra1664

ne plus1665

nonplus1670

tip-top1702

pink1720

sublime1748

eminencea1854

it1896

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > state of or advanced condition > highest point

prickOE

heighta1050

full1340

higha1398

pointc1400

roofa1500

top-castle1548

ruff1549

acmea1568

tip1567

noontide1578

high tide1579

superlative1583

summity1588

spring tide1593

meridian1594

period1595

apogee1600

punctilio1601

high-water mark1602

noon1609

zenith1610

auge1611

apex1624

culmination1633

cumble1640

culmen1646

climax1647

topc1650

cumulus1659

summit1661

perigeum1670

highest1688

consummation1698

stretch1741

high point1787

perihelion1804

summary1831

comble1832

heading up1857

climacteric1870

flashpoint1878

tip-end1885

peak1902

noontime1903

Omega point1981

1661 S. Pordage Mundorum Explicatio i. 11 Tho Summit of their knowledge is to know The nature of terrestrial things below.

a1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 29 Mar. (1837) I. 172 Supposing I was at the very summit of this sort of happiness.

1786 J. Kennedy Curiosities of Wilton House (new ed.) Introd. p. xxvii Literature had then attained its summit.

1848 E. B. Pusey Serm. during Season from Advent to Whitsuntide v.71 If love be the summit of all virtue, humility is the foundation.

1867 H. Macmillan Bible Teachings (1870) vi. 108 The year has reached its golden summit.

1959 Economist 5 Sept. 728/1 During the annus mirabilis in which the great poems were produced, Coleridge was a happy man, at the summit of his powers.

2015 Daily Rec. & Sunday Mail (Nexis) 23 May (Second ed.) (Sport section) 72 [They] see the club as a stepping stone to bigger and better things rather than the summit of their achievements.

b. The highest level of government or political leadership. Now rare except as passing into sense 3c.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > [noun] > highest level of relations

summit1923

society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > diplomatic negotiation > summit conference

summit1923

summit talks1950

summit1955

summit conference1955

summit meeting1955

1923 W. S. Churchill World Crisis II. i. 6 At the summit true politics and strategy are one.

1950 W. S. Churchill in Times 15 Feb. 4/2 It is not easy to see how things could be worsened by a parley at the summit, if such a thing were possible.

1955 Economist 14 May 544/1 It may be a good thing to hold a meeting at the ‘summit’ in order to clear the air and remind everyone what foreign ministers are for.

c. A meeting or series of meetings between the heads of state or government of two or more countries, convened for the purpose of discussing matters of international importance. Also in extended use: an important or high-level meeting. Cf. summit conference n. at Compounds 2b, summit meeting n. at Compounds 2b.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > diplomatic negotiation > summit conference

summit1923

summit talks1950

summit1955

summit conference1955

summit meeting1955

1955 Times 24 June 10/7 The French Foreign Minister..to-day gave the United Nations a constructive exposition of the broad lines of western policy as it advances to the Geneva summit.

1989 Guardian 27 Nov. 16/7 A call for a peace summit between managers and referees to examine the causes of growing on-field indiscipline received enthusiastic support yesterday.

2017 Leicester Mercury (Nexis) 29 Mar. 5 27 leaders from the EU will hold a summit to discuss what they want out of Brexit negotiations.

†a. Crystallography. Either of the two vertices of a rhombohedron at which the angles of each face are identical. Also: the apex of a tetrahedron or pyramidal polyhedron. Obsolete and somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > angle > [noun] > solid angle

solid angle1704

summit angle1805

summit1809

summit-quoin1895

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > element of > corner or vertex

vertex1570

cant1611

apex1659

solid angle1704

summit1809

1809 tr. R. J. Haüy in Philos. Mag. 34 102 The rhomboid is obtuse or acute, accordingly as the angle contiguous to the summit is itself obtuse or acute.

1823 H. J. Brooke Familiar Introd. Crystallogr. 6 The regular tetrahedron,..contained within four equilateral triangular planes. The solid angle at a, is sometimes called its summit.

1842 G. F. Richardson Geol. for Beginners v. 129 If we cut off the summits of the rhomboid, and polish the new faces, we shall find, that a pencil of light transmitted through these new faces is not divided into two.

b. Mathematics. Any of the vertices of a polygon or polyhedron.

ΚΠ

1814 P. Barlow New Math. & Philos. Dict. at Diagonal The sum of the squares of the lines which join, two by two, the middle points both of sides and diagonals, is the quarter of the sum of the squares of those sides and diagonals; multiplied by the number of summits of the polygon or polyëdron, diminished by two units.

1885 Ann. Math. 1 139 Euler's theorem. The number of faces and summits in any polyhedron taken together exceeds by two the number of its edges.

1992 Jrnl. Theoret. Biol. 154 361 At least one of the summits of the polygon is outside the convex hull of S.

Compounds

C1.

a. General use as a modifier, in senses 1 and 2, as summit line, summit ridge, etc.

ΚΠ

1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 411 Higher than er'st had stood the Summit-Hill.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. App. 838 These intersections form a curved summit line.

1880 I. L. Bird Unbeaten Tracks Japan II. 152 The flank and summit craters of Monna Loa.

1882 B. Harte Flip v, in Flip & Found at Blazing Star 70 The summit pines and redwoods rocked in the blast.

1974 A. Alvarez Hers (1977) xxix. 211 He..paused at the top to look down again, then pulled over onto the flat summit platform.

2007 Trail Feb. 108/2 Higher up a..curving rocky ridge leads directly to the small summit cairn and the highest point in the range.

summit angle n. the angle formed by the apex of a geometric shape.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > angle > [noun] > solid angle

solid angle1704

summit angle1805

summit1809

summit-quoin1895

1805 R. Jameson Treat. External Characters Minerals 44 The same scale can be used as that employed for the determination of the summit angle of the pyramid.

1952 U.S. Patent 2,600,562 3 The cone which envelopes the cluster c will have a very large summit angle.

2014 Ultrasonics 54 97/2 This angle is related to a summit angle of the triangle (cone).

summit level n. (a) the highest elevation of a canal or railway; (b) a level stretch of a canal or railway having descending levels on either side; (c) (as a modifier) designating a canal which connects separate river valleys or water-drainage regions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > high position > [noun] > height above the ground or sea level > highest

summit level1771

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > [noun] > a level place in a railway

summit level1771

1771 J. Trail Rep. conc. Practicability & Expence Grand Canal 16 Finding it..necessary to have a low center Level, consequently two summit Levels, or Canals of Partition, as in the Profile.

1789 Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 1788 2 Science 151 Total elevation of summit level, 270 [feet].

1817 Raleigh Reg. & N. Carolina Gaz. 9 May The water must be drawn out of the connecting cut or summit level canal.

1840 F. Whishaw Railways Great Brit. & Ireland 175 The line ascends to the summit-level for a length of 4 miles 52 chains.

1901 Engin. News 18 Apr. 274/2 A guard lock..prevents the piling of the lake water into the eleven-mile summit level [of the canal] by westerly winds.

1978 Times 28 June 14/4 The new Rhine-Maine-Danube canal has a summit level twice as high as any in Britain.

2013 Belfast Tel. (Nexis) 17 Aug. 25 The Newry Canal is the oldest 'summit level' canal in the British Isles and was a major feat of 18th century engineering and ingenuity.

† summit-quoin n. Crystallography Obsolete rare the solid angle at the summit (sense 4) of a polyhedron.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > angle > [noun] > solid angle

solid angle1704

summit angle1805

summit1809

summit-quoin1895

1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. ii. §246. 296 The summit-quoins are symmetrical ditrigonally on the axis.

C2.

a. General use as a modifier in senses 3b and 3c, as in summit talks, summit venue, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > diplomatic negotiation > summit conference

summit1923

summit talks1950

summit1955

summit conference1955

summit meeting1955

1950 Times 20 Feb. 8/2 Mr. Morrison referred to some further observations by Mr. Churchill on Saturday night on his proposal for ‘high level or summit talks between us and the leaders of the Soviet Union’.

1991 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. 17 July a1/3 The summit leaders thrashed out what form Western assistance to Moscow should take.

2000 Guardian (Dar es Salaam) 4 Apr. 9/8 We have common texts on both the summit declaration and the plan of action.

2017 E. Böhm in E. Conze et al. Nucl. Threats, Nucl. Fear, & Cold War of 1980s xv. 346 The thirty thousand police officers who were deployed as ‘living walls’ around the summit venue could not prevent anarchist and Communist groups from disrupting the event.

summit conference n. a meeting or series of meetings between the heads of state or government of two or more countries; = sense 3c; cf. summit meeting n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > diplomatic negotiation > summit conference

summit1923

summit talks1950

summit1955

summit conference1955

summit meeting1955

1955 Washington Post & Times Herald 11 May 6/2 This was the nearest the note came to mentioning the problem of getting up an agenda for the ‘summit’ conference.

2010 Guardian 24 Sept. 31/5 Cities who find themselves hosting summit conferences and sports extravaganzas.

summit meeting n. a meeting or series of meetings between the heads of state or government of two or more countries; = sense 3c; cf. summit conference n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > diplomatic negotiation > summit conference

summit1923

summit talks1950

summit1955

summit conference1955

summit meeting1955

1955 N.Y. Times 28 Apr. 12/4 I say at this moment I see no reason for that summit meeting.

2007 Independent 30 Oct. 30/2 The former French President..gives his verdict on the EU Reform Treaty—to be known, after the successful summit meeting 10 days ago, as the Treaty of Lisbon.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	summit
释义	summitn. Brit. /ˈsʌmɪt/, U.S. /ˈsəmət/ Forms: late Middle English somet, late Middle English somette, late Middle English sommet, late Middle English sommete, late Middle English sommette, 1500s summite, 1500s–1600s summitte, 1500s 1700s summet, 1600s somnet, 1600s– summit, 1700s summitt. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French sommet. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman sumet, Middle French sommet, masculine (also somete , sommette , feminine; French sommet ) topmost part of something (early 12th cent. in Old French), highest point of a mountain (late 12th cent.) < som , sum summit, highest point (early 12th cent.; < classical Latin summus : see sum n.¹) + -et -et suffix¹. Compare summity n.Specific forms. The modern spelling summit is due to assimilation to summity n. Specific senses. In sense 1b after the corresponding post-classical Latin specific use of classical Latin apex apex n.¹ (compare sense 5a at that entry); compare French sommet (1714 or earlier in this sense). 1. a. The topmost part of something; the apex. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > [noun] > highest point or top headOE copa1000 heightOE topc1000 highestlOE crest1382 coperounc1400 summita1425 summity?a1425 toppet1439 altitude?a1475 upperest1484 principala1533 pitcha1552 supremity1584 culm1587 period1595 spire1600 upward1608 cope1609 fastigium1641 vertex1641 culmen1646 supreme1652 tip-top1702 peak1785 helm1893 altaltissimo1975 the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > top of head > [noun] nolleOE mouldOE shodec1000 topa1225 patea1325 polla1325 hattrelc1330 skullc1380 foretop1382 pommelc1385 summita1425 sconce1567 vertex1634 cantle1822 society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun] > boss bossc1405 summita1425 umbo1721 omphalos1857 the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [noun] > Testacea (shelled molluscs) > shelled mollusc > shell > part of auricle1665 heel1673 lip1681 mouth1681 whirl1681 rib1711 antihelix1721 canal1734 columella1755 vesture1755 body whirl1776 fent1776 pillar1776 pillar-lip1776 septum1786 aperture1794 body whorl1807 costa1812 seam1816 spine1822 umbo1822 varix1822 peristome1828 summit1828 nucleus1833 concameration1835 lunula1835 nympha1836 nymph1839 lunule1842 peritreme1848 body chamber1851 axis1866 umbone1867 liration1904 a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Heb. xi. 21 (MED) Þurgh feiþ, Iacob deyande he blessyde þe sengule childre of Ioseph, and he worschipide þe somet [L. fastigium] of his ȝerde. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 206^v Vpon the somette or toppe of the tour, he maad an ymage of copre. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. xxxi. f. xii^v He buylded an Hauen w^t a gate ther ouer w^tin Troynouant, In the summet or pynacle wheron was set a vessell of Brasse. 1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 728/1 There chaunced another Earthquake..which shooke and ouerthrewe some buildings, specially the toppes and summettes of steeples, turrets and chimneys were shaken therewith. a1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 325 The Vines climbing to the summit of the trees reach in festoons & fruitages from one tree to another. 1706 M. Prior Ode to Queen 15 Let Europe sav'd the Column high erect... Sublime, the Queen shall on the Summet stand. 1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 536 Golden flow'rs, Blown on the summit of th' apparent fruit. 1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. II. 63 Shell thin,..with the summit pointed. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 172 A wild wave..Green-glimmering toward the summit. 1943 M. L. Fernald & A. C. Kinsey Edible Wild Plants Eastern N. Amer. iii. 176 The leafy summits of young stems of Sachaline..cooked as a potherb..are as good as or superior to French Sorrel. 2013 @kayOHbrien 20 Oct. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Watched the Eiffel Towel light up and sparkle tonight. And got a beautiful view of the city from the summit of the tower. †b. Botany. The anther of a stamen (cf. earlier apex n.¹ 5a). Occasionally also: the stigma of a pistil (stigma n. 6). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > stamen or pistil > stamen(s) > anther tittle1578 pendant1664 tamis1665 apex1673 chive1691 anthera1706 summit1720 tip1776 anther1783 connective1830 trophopollen1832 anther valve1839 connectivum- 1720 J. Martyn tr. Ode to Camerarius in P. Blair Bot. Ess. 327 The Stamina with Meal abound, And when the gentle Zephyrs blow, They from their double Summits [L. apices] throw The Golden Dust around. 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I Summits or Apices are those Bodies which contain the Prolifick Powder. 1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) I. 5 The Germen, the Summit, and the Anthers, are all that are essentially necessary. 1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. iii. 60 The essential part of the stamens are the summits or anthers. 2. spec. a. The highest point or ridge of a mountain, hill, or similar geographical feature. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill or mountain > [noun] > summit knollc888 knapc1000 copc1374 crest?a1400 head?a1425 summit1481 summitya1500 mountain topa1522 hilltop1530 stump1664 scalp1810 bald1838 van1871 dod1878 berg-top1953 society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, passage, or means of access to a place > [noun] > through hills or difficult ground > highest point of summit1481 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) clxx. 251 Syon is toward the weste, on the sommete or toppe theron stondeth the chirche which is named Syon. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. iii. 18 It is a massie wheele Fixt on the somnet of the highest mount. View more context for this quotation c1660 J. Evelyn Diary ann. 1620 (1955) II. 4 One of the most eminent hills in England for the prodigious prospect to be seen from its summit. a1771 T. Gray Statius in Mem. (1775) 9 Ætna's smoking summit. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 155 Some of the summits of the Alps have never yet been visited by man. 1801 A. Mackenzie Voy. from Montreal 164 At two in the afternoon the rocky mountains appeared in sight, with their summits covered with snow. 1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities i. ii. 4 The last burst carried the mail to the summit of the hill. 1937 S. Pagliuca Weather in Mt. Washington Observatory News Bull. Nov. 3/3 The climate on the summit is low Arctic. 1977 N. Shepherd Living Mountain viii. 59 Very near the summits, on the most stony braes nest the snow buntings. 2017 Telegraph (India) (Nexis) 3 Oct. The expedition..reached the summit on September 21 after an arduous trek of more than a week. b. The highest elevation in the course of a road, railway, or canal. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > a railway > highest point summit1737 1737 tr. K. L. von Pöllnitz Amusemens de Spa II. 57 Mr. Lake led them to the Summit of the Road to Aix. 1796 R. Fulton Treat. Improvem. Canal Navigation xviii. 103 A single rail-way may be constructed; on the summit of which the apparatus D is formed. 1835 C. Vignole & J. Locke Two Rep. to Liverpool & Manch. Railway Company on Projected North Line of Railway 17 The locomotive engines on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway start at an elevation of 123 feet above the Dock Quays, and have to overcome a vertical rise of 81 feet to the summit. 1911 Motor Age 2 Nov. 20/1 The entire length of the road to its summit has been laid with macadam. 1970 Times 22 Aug. 12/6 The..engine thrust into action, lifting a ton of water every six seconds to feed the summit of the Kennet and Avon Canal. 2015 Birmingham Evening Mail (National ed.) (Nexis) 22 Aug. 19 Returning over the Settle & Carlisle Line, we climb Ais Gill, England's highest railway summit. 3. figurative. a. The highest attainable point of achievement, success, development, etc.; the acme. Cf. pinnacle n. 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [noun] > peak of perfection perfection1340 pointc1400 pinnaclec1450 firmament1526 tipe1548 vertical point1559 acmea1568 status1577 summity1588 sublimation1591 turret1593 topgallant1597 non ultra?1606 vertical1611 non plus ultra1647 ne ultraa1657 verticle1658 summit1661 ne plus ultra1664 ne plus1665 nonplus1670 tip-top1702 pink1720 sublime1748 eminencea1854 it1896 the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > state of or advanced condition > highest point prickOE heighta1050 full1340 higha1398 pointc1400 roofa1500 top-castle1548 ruff1549 acmea1568 tip1567 noontide1578 high tide1579 superlative1583 summity1588 spring tide1593 meridian1594 period1595 apogee1600 punctilio1601 high-water mark1602 noon1609 zenith1610 auge1611 apex1624 culmination1633 cumble1640 culmen1646 climax1647 topc1650 cumulus1659 summit1661 perigeum1670 highest1688 consummation1698 stretch1741 high point1787 perihelion1804 summary1831 comble1832 heading up1857 climacteric1870 flashpoint1878 tip-end1885 peak1902 noontime1903 Omega point1981 1661 S. Pordage Mundorum Explicatio i. 11 Tho Summit of their knowledge is to know The nature of terrestrial things below. a1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 29 Mar. (1837) I. 172 Supposing I was at the very summit of this sort of happiness. 1786 J. Kennedy Curiosities of Wilton House (new ed.) Introd. p. xxvii Literature had then attained its summit. 1848 E. B. Pusey Serm. during Season from Advent to Whitsuntide v.71 If love be the summit of all virtue, humility is the foundation. 1867 H. Macmillan Bible Teachings (1870) vi. 108 The year has reached its golden summit. 1959 Economist 5 Sept. 728/1 During the annus mirabilis in which the great poems were produced, Coleridge was a happy man, at the summit of his powers. 2015 Daily Rec. & Sunday Mail (Nexis) 23 May (Second ed.) (Sport section) 72 [They] see the club as a stepping stone to bigger and better things rather than the summit of their achievements. b. The highest level of government or political leadership. Now rare except as passing into sense 3c. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > [noun] > highest level of relations summit1923 society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > diplomatic negotiation > summit conference summit1923 summit talks1950 summit1955 summit conference1955 summit meeting1955 1923 W. S. Churchill World Crisis II. i. 6 At the summit true politics and strategy are one. 1950 W. S. Churchill in Times 15 Feb. 4/2 It is not easy to see how things could be worsened by a parley at the summit, if such a thing were possible. 1955 Economist 14 May 544/1 It may be a good thing to hold a meeting at the ‘summit’ in order to clear the air and remind everyone what foreign ministers are for. c. A meeting or series of meetings between the heads of state or government of two or more countries, convened for the purpose of discussing matters of international importance. Also in extended use: an important or high-level meeting. Cf. summit conference n. at Compounds 2b, summit meeting n. at Compounds 2b. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > diplomatic negotiation > summit conference summit1923 summit talks1950 summit1955 summit conference1955 summit meeting1955 1955 Times 24 June 10/7 The French Foreign Minister..to-day gave the United Nations a constructive exposition of the broad lines of western policy as it advances to the Geneva summit. 1989 Guardian 27 Nov. 16/7 A call for a peace summit between managers and referees to examine the causes of growing on-field indiscipline received enthusiastic support yesterday. 2017 Leicester Mercury (Nexis) 29 Mar. 5 27 leaders from the EU will hold a summit to discuss what they want out of Brexit negotiations. 4. †a. Crystallography. Either of the two vertices of a rhombohedron at which the angles of each face are identical. Also: the apex of a tetrahedron or pyramidal polyhedron. Obsolete and somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > angle > [noun] > solid angle solid angle1704 summit angle1805 summit1809 summit-quoin1895 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > element of > corner or vertex vertex1570 cant1611 apex1659 solid angle1704 summit1809 1809 tr. R. J. Haüy in Philos. Mag. 34 102 The rhomboid is obtuse or acute, accordingly as the angle contiguous to the summit is itself obtuse or acute. 1823 H. J. Brooke Familiar Introd. Crystallogr. 6 The regular tetrahedron,..contained within four equilateral triangular planes. The solid angle at a, is sometimes called its summit. 1842 G. F. Richardson Geol. for Beginners v. 129 If we cut off the summits of the rhomboid, and polish the new faces, we shall find, that a pencil of light transmitted through these new faces is not divided into two. b. Mathematics. Any of the vertices of a polygon or polyhedron. ΚΠ 1814 P. Barlow New Math. & Philos. Dict. at Diagonal The sum of the squares of the lines which join, two by two, the middle points both of sides and diagonals, is the quarter of the sum of the squares of those sides and diagonals; multiplied by the number of summits of the polygon or polyëdron, diminished by two units. 1885 Ann. Math. 1 139 Euler's theorem. The number of faces and summits in any polyhedron taken together exceeds by two the number of its edges. 1992 Jrnl. Theoret. Biol. 154 361 At least one of the summits of the polygon is outside the convex hull of S. Compounds C1. a. General use as a modifier, in senses 1 and 2, as summit line, summit ridge, etc. ΚΠ 1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 411 Higher than er'st had stood the Summit-Hill. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. App. 838 These intersections form a curved summit line. 1880 I. L. Bird Unbeaten Tracks Japan II. 152 The flank and summit craters of Monna Loa. 1882 B. Harte Flip v, in Flip & Found at Blazing Star 70 The summit pines and redwoods rocked in the blast. 1974 A. Alvarez Hers (1977) xxix. 211 He..paused at the top to look down again, then pulled over onto the flat summit platform. 2007 Trail Feb. 108/2 Higher up a..curving rocky ridge leads directly to the small summit cairn and the highest point in the range. b. summit angle n. the angle formed by the apex of a geometric shape. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > angle > [noun] > solid angle solid angle1704 summit angle1805 summit1809 summit-quoin1895 1805 R. Jameson Treat. External Characters Minerals 44 The same scale can be used as that employed for the determination of the summit angle of the pyramid. 1952 U.S. Patent 2,600,562 3 The cone which envelopes the cluster c will have a very large summit angle. 2014 Ultrasonics 54 97/2 This angle is related to a summit angle of the triangle (cone). summit level n. (a) the highest elevation of a canal or railway; (b) a level stretch of a canal or railway having descending levels on either side; (c) (as a modifier) designating a canal which connects separate river valleys or water-drainage regions. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > [noun] > height above the ground or sea level > highest summit level1771 society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > [noun] > a level place in a railway summit level1771 1771 J. Trail Rep. conc. Practicability & Expence Grand Canal 16 Finding it..necessary to have a low center Level, consequently two summit Levels, or Canals of Partition, as in the Profile. 1789 Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 1788 2 Science 151 Total elevation of summit level, 270 [feet]. 1817 Raleigh Reg. & N. Carolina Gaz. 9 May The water must be drawn out of the connecting cut or summit level canal. 1840 F. Whishaw Railways Great Brit. & Ireland 175 The line ascends to the summit-level for a length of 4 miles 52 chains. 1901 Engin. News 18 Apr. 274/2 A guard lock..prevents the piling of the lake water into the eleven-mile summit level [of the canal] by westerly winds. 1978 Times 28 June 14/4 The new Rhine-Maine-Danube canal has a summit level twice as high as any in Britain. 2013 Belfast Tel. (Nexis) 17 Aug. 25 The Newry Canal is the oldest 'summit level' canal in the British Isles and was a major feat of 18th century engineering and ingenuity. † summit-quoin n. Crystallography Obsolete rare the solid angle at the summit (sense 4) of a polyhedron. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > angle > [noun] > solid angle solid angle1704 summit angle1805 summit1809 summit-quoin1895 1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. ii. §246. 296 The summit-quoins are symmetrical ditrigonally on the axis. C2. a. General use as a modifier in senses 3b and 3c, as in summit talks, summit venue, etc. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > diplomatic negotiation > summit conference summit1923 summit talks1950 summit1955 summit conference1955 summit meeting1955 1950 Times 20 Feb. 8/2 Mr. Morrison referred to some further observations by Mr. Churchill on Saturday night on his proposal for ‘high level or summit talks between us and the leaders of the Soviet Union’. 1991 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. 17 July a1/3 The summit leaders thrashed out what form Western assistance to Moscow should take. 2000 Guardian (Dar es Salaam) 4 Apr. 9/8 We have common texts on both the summit declaration and the plan of action. 2017 E. Böhm in E. Conze et al. Nucl. Threats, Nucl. Fear, & Cold War of 1980s xv. 346 The thirty thousand police officers who were deployed as ‘living walls’ around the summit venue could not prevent anarchist and Communist groups from disrupting the event. b. summit conference n. a meeting or series of meetings between the heads of state or government of two or more countries; = sense 3c; cf. summit meeting n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > diplomatic negotiation > summit conference summit1923 summit talks1950 summit1955 summit conference1955 summit meeting1955 1955 Washington Post & Times Herald 11 May 6/2 This was the nearest the note came to mentioning the problem of getting up an agenda for the ‘summit’ conference. 2010 Guardian 24 Sept. 31/5 Cities who find themselves hosting summit conferences and sports extravaganzas. summit meeting n. a meeting or series of meetings between the heads of state or government of two or more countries; = sense 3c; cf. summit conference n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > diplomatic negotiation > summit conference summit1923 summit talks1950 summit1955 summit conference1955 summit meeting1955 1955 N.Y. Times 28 Apr. 12/4 I say at this moment I see no reason for that summit meeting. 2007 Independent 30 Oct. 30/2 The former French President..gives his verdict on the EU Reform Treaty—to be known, after the successful summit meeting 10 days ago, as the Treaty of Lisbon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † summitv.¹ Forms: Middle English summitte, Middle English summyt, Middle English summytte, Middle English 1600s summit. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin summittere, submittere. Etymology: < classical Latin summittere, variant (with assimilation of consonants) of submittere submit v. (compare also the Romance parallels cited at that entry). Compare summission n. and also submit v.Apparent later instances, such as the following, show misspellings of submit v.:1895 Daily Picayune (New Orleans) 12 Oct. 10/5 Eagle Lodge..adopted a set of resolutions to be sent to the grand dictator, and with his consent to be summitted to the different Louisiana lodges. Obsolete. transitive. To submit (in various senses). Also reflexive. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > make subject to underputc1374 subjecta1382 subduea1398 summitc1400 inclinec1425 submit?c1425 endanger1551 vassalize1599 servanta1616 vassal1615 vassalage1648 c1400 Prickynge of Love (Harl.) (1983) 111 (MED) Mykel auȝte we be sterid þenne with shame of owre synnes..for to summitte vs to his merciful maieste. ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. pr. x. l. 2463 For þat veyne ymaginacioun of þouȝt ne desceiue vs nat and putte vs oute of þe soþefastnesse of þilke þinge þat is summyttid to vs. c1450 Jack Upland's Rejoinder (Digby) l. 298 in P. L. Heyworth Jack Upland (1968) 111 I summitte me to hem. a1500 (a1471) in Camden Misc. (1972) XXIV. 220 (MED) All hereses and errowrys..I have..judycially abjured, summitynge my self, beynge than and also at this tyme verry contrite..synner, to the correccon of the chirche. 1605 W. Owsolde Varietie Memorable & Worthy Matters 16 The Daulphin of Uienne, & the Earle of Sauoy summitted themselues to the iudgement of this Parliament, concerning the sute betwixt them. 1698 D. Williams Answer to Rep., &c., United Ministers 90 The suffering of what was equivalent to its threatned Punishments, should in the Humane Nature be summitted to by the Redeemer. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). summitv.² Brit. /ˈsʌmɪt/, U.S. /ˈsəmət/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: summit n. Etymology: < summit n. (compare sense 3b at that entry). 1. intransitive. To take part in a summit meeting or summit meetings. Cf summit n. 3c. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > act or serve as diplomat [verb (intransitive)] > take part in summit meetings summit1955 1955 Morning Herald (Hagerstown, Maryland) 17 May 12/6 Are you summiting on the summit this summer? 1969 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 12 Apr. 645/1 If the Soviet leaders could go on summiting with the US while bombs poured on North Vietnam.., there seems precious little reason to cry wolf at Peking-Bonn relations. 2010 Financial Times 14 Dec. 6/7 Since the last time the EU's heads of government summitted here, in late October, Europe has been playing a harried defence. 2. transitive. Of a climber: to reach the summit of (a mountain). Also intransitive. ΚΠ 1974 J. Sircar Himalayan Handbk. I. 25/2 Mutch, Murphy and Bankwala..thought they summitted, but Anglada argues convincingly that they climbed a 7200m. rock pinnacle. 1997 J. Krakauer Into Thin Air iv. 45 Sherpas who learn technical climbing skills and work high on the peaks—especially those who have summitted Everest—enjoy great esteem in their communities. 2010 Trail Spring 49/3 Lizzie Le Blond.., as the story goes, once summited Switzerland's 4221m Zinalrothorn twice in one day. Derivatives ˈsummiting n. ΚΠ 1955 Burlington (Iowa) Hawk Eye Gaz. 30 July 4/1 Premier Faure..returned to Paris after a week of summitting at Geneva. 1996 Mountain Res. & Devel. 16 323/1 Historic climbing style and ethics..have emphasized summiting without regard for environmental concern. 2006 Washington Post (Nexis) 18 July c1 He and the other G-8 leaders were wolfing down their final meal together after three days of summiting. 2016 S. A. Ness Choreographies of Landscape i. 13 The summiting of massive granite domes and peaks on cloudless summer days. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1425v.¹c1400v.²1955
随便看	squeezewax squeezibility squeezing squeezing action squeezing noise squeezing out squeezing process squeezing watch squeezing-box squeezingbox squeezings squeezy squeezy bottle squeg squegged squegger squeggering squeggers squegging squegs squelch squelched squelcher squelchers squelches

summitn.

Compounds

† summitv.1

summitv.2

Derivatives

† summitv.¹

summitv.²