superficen.

Brit.

/ˈsuːpᵻfɪs/,

/ˈsjuːpᵻfɪs/, U.S.

/ˈsupərfəs/

Forms: Middle English superfyte (transmission error), Middle English superstice (transmission error), Middle English– superfice, 1500s superfyce; also Scottish pre-1700 superfue (transmission error).

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French superfice; Latin superficiēs.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French †superfice exterior, appearance (c1200 in Old French, originally with specific reference to the outward appearance as distinct from the inner or real nature or condition), surface of geometrical bodies (1302 and 1636 in two apparently isolated attestations), or its etymon (ii) classical Latin superficiēs superficies n. Compare superficies n., surface n.

†1. Geometry. = superficies n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > surface > [noun]

superficec1400

superficies1530

surface1604

superficie1702

wave-surface1833

developable1847

quartic1854

scroll1862

conicoid1863

regulus1874

Riemann surface1876

tetrahedroid1889

construct1902

skew1902

trend surface1956

c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) i. §21. 12 The zodiak in heuene is ymagened to ben a superfice contienyng a latitude of 12 degrees.

a1544 R. Barlow tr. M. Fernández de Enciso Brief Summe Geogr. (1932) 2 Thys spere is a bodie round under a superfice in the myddis whereof is a poynt from the whiche all the lynes elevate to the superfice be equalle.

a1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1976) 20 The knowledge of Lynes superfices and bodyes..is not much vsefull for a Gentleman vnlesse it bee to vnderstand Fortification.

1695 W. Alingham Geom. Epitomiz'd 4 The kinds of Magnitude, which are principally Three, to wit, Length, Breadth and Thickness, or a Line, a Superfice, and a Solid.

1776 T. Skaife Key Civil Archit. (ed. 2) lxxx. 351 (heading) To measure the superfice of a dome or globe.

a1867 G. Oliver Pythagorean Triangle (1875) ix. 217 The basis of Geometry is the science of Numbers, whose elements are the masonic point, line, superfice, and solid.

1887 Trans. Illinois State Dental Soc. 23rd Ann. Meeting 170 A point extended in one direction forms a line, extension in two directions forms a superfice, extension in three directions forms a solid.

2. The surface of an object; the material forming this. Also: surface area or extent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun]

scalec1400

superfice?c1400

superficie?a1425

overfacec1475

plata1522

superficies1530

situation1558

outface1570

upperface1583

surface1600

superface1633

periphery1664

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun] > that which forms or is upon

superfice?c1400

?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. pr. viii. l. 2238 Þe body of alcibiades þat was ful fayr in þe superfice wiþ oute [L. illud Alcibiadis superficie pulcherrimum corpus].

a1450 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Caius 336/725) (1970) 26 Of wounde maad wiþ kuttynge or þoruȝ kuttinge wiþ fracture of þe sculle wiþoute lesynge of ony of þe substaunce, persinge from þe superfice in-to þe innest partie [L. vsque ad interiorem superficiem penetrante].

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xiii. sig. G.iii^v Euery thyng that is vnctious..dothe swymme aboue in the brynkes of the stomacke,..the excesse of suche nawtacyon or superfyce wyll ascende to the or[if]yse of the stomacke.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 44 The superfice of that roundnes is of mair quantite nor is the space or largenes that is betuix his tua een.

1599 A. Hume Hymnes sig. C4^v The fields, and earthly superfice, With verdure greene is spread.

1636 R. Basset tr. G. A. de Paoli Lives Rom. Emperors 276 The whole superfice of the Sea was covered with them.

a1684 R. Leighton Pract. Comm. 1st Epist. Peter (1693) I. 16 [It] doth not wither as the grasse, or flower lying on the superfice of the earth.

1703 Philos. Trans. 1702–3 (Royal Soc.) 23 1401 Hard and perfect Stone..of a Grain and Superfice exactly like those I have seen taken out of the Bladder.

1738 R. Smith Compl. Syst. Opticks I. viii. 139 Those superfices therefore which refract most, do soonest reflect all the light which is incident upon them, and so must be allowed most strongly reflective.

1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon v. 117 [It] is discharged with such a hollow or concave superfice downwards, as completely to whelm over and invert every square inch of the lifted furrow.

1878 Jrnl. Amer. Geogr. Soc. N.Y. 10 143 The lake has a superfice of 2,800 miles, with a surface drainage falling into it.

1904 J. W. Dallam Digest Laws Texas 124 He shall only receive a superfice of grazing land equal to twenty-four million square varas.

2008 Re: Chi, Internal Energy, Psychic Energy, Imagery in Guided Chaos Forum (Usenet newsgroup) 7 Jan. They [sc. meridians] are not visible but are pathways on the superfice of the body with better electric conductivity.

3. figurative. The outward appearance as distinct from the inner or real nature or condition.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > mere appearance

shroudc1175

frontc1374

appearancec1384

countenance?c1425

fard1540

show1547

habit1549

outside1578

glimpse1579

superficies?1589

species1598

out-term1602

paint1608

surface1613

superfice1615

umbrage1639

superficials1652

semblance1843

outer womana1845

outward man1846

patina1957

1615 P. Simson Short Compend Hist. First Ten Persecutions II. v. Ep. Ded. 5 They are content with the superfice and scruif of new inuented remedies.

1624 in J. W. Draper Cent. Broadside Elegies (1928) 364 If Nature had the superfice of Art.

a1684 R. Leighton Pract. Comm. 1st Epist. Peter in Wks. (1868) 160 This courteousness is not contrary to that evil, only in the superfice and outward behaviour.

1850 Odd-fellows' Offering 1850 178 If we look beneath the superfice, beyond the shadow, we shall find that there has been in every age..a philosophy..right in all its essential elements.

1909 F. L. Ferrero tr. G. Ferrero Char. & Events Roman Hist. 66 His greater ability to divine the real in his world of action beneath its superfice of confused legends.

1995 D. J. Reavis Ashes of Waco (1998) xiv. 122 Legal and historical scholars find that today's superfice of law is a slippery slide of citizen rights.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	superfice
释义	superficen. Brit. /ˈsuːpᵻfɪs/, /ˈsjuːpᵻfɪs/, U.S. /ˈsupərfəs/ Forms: Middle English superfyte (transmission error), Middle English superstice (transmission error), Middle English– superfice, 1500s superfyce; also Scottish pre-1700 superfue (transmission error). Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French superfice; Latin superficiēs. Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French †superfice exterior, appearance (c1200 in Old French, originally with specific reference to the outward appearance as distinct from the inner or real nature or condition), surface of geometrical bodies (1302 and 1636 in two apparently isolated attestations), or its etymon (ii) classical Latin superficiēs superficies n. Compare superficies n., surface n. †1. Geometry. = superficies n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > surface > [noun] superficec1400 superficies1530 surface1604 superficie1702 wave-surface1833 developable1847 quartic1854 scroll1862 conicoid1863 regulus1874 Riemann surface1876 tetrahedroid1889 construct1902 skew1902 trend surface1956 c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) i. §21. 12 The zodiak in heuene is ymagened to ben a superfice contienyng a latitude of 12 degrees. a1544 R. Barlow tr. M. Fernández de Enciso Brief Summe Geogr. (1932) 2 Thys spere is a bodie round under a superfice in the myddis whereof is a poynt from the whiche all the lynes elevate to the superfice be equalle. a1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1976) 20 The knowledge of Lynes superfices and bodyes..is not much vsefull for a Gentleman vnlesse it bee to vnderstand Fortification. 1695 W. Alingham Geom. Epitomiz'd 4 The kinds of Magnitude, which are principally Three, to wit, Length, Breadth and Thickness, or a Line, a Superfice, and a Solid. 1776 T. Skaife Key Civil Archit. (ed. 2) lxxx. 351 (heading) To measure the superfice of a dome or globe. a1867 G. Oliver Pythagorean Triangle (1875) ix. 217 The basis of Geometry is the science of Numbers, whose elements are the masonic point, line, superfice, and solid. 1887 Trans. Illinois State Dental Soc. 23rd Ann. Meeting 170 A point extended in one direction forms a line, extension in two directions forms a superfice, extension in three directions forms a solid. 2. The surface of an object; the material forming this. Also: surface area or extent. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun] scalec1400 superfice?c1400 superficie?a1425 overfacec1475 plata1522 superficies1530 situation1558 outface1570 upperface1583 surface1600 superface1633 periphery1664 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun] > that which forms or is upon superfice?c1400 ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. pr. viii. l. 2238 Þe body of alcibiades þat was ful fayr in þe superfice wiþ oute [L. illud Alcibiadis superficie pulcherrimum corpus]. a1450 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Caius 336/725) (1970) 26 Of wounde maad wiþ kuttynge or þoruȝ kuttinge wiþ fracture of þe sculle wiþoute lesynge of ony of þe substaunce, persinge from þe superfice in-to þe innest partie [L. vsque ad interiorem superficiem penetrante]. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xiii. sig. G.iii^v Euery thyng that is vnctious..dothe swymme aboue in the brynkes of the stomacke,..the excesse of suche nawtacyon or superfyce wyll ascende to the or[if]yse of the stomacke. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 44 The superfice of that roundnes is of mair quantite nor is the space or largenes that is betuix his tua een. 1599 A. Hume Hymnes sig. C4^v The fields, and earthly superfice, With verdure greene is spread. 1636 R. Basset tr. G. A. de Paoli Lives Rom. Emperors 276 The whole superfice of the Sea was covered with them. a1684 R. Leighton Pract. Comm. 1st Epist. Peter (1693) I. 16 [It] doth not wither as the grasse, or flower lying on the superfice of the earth. 1703 Philos. Trans. 1702–3 (Royal Soc.) 23 1401 Hard and perfect Stone..of a Grain and Superfice exactly like those I have seen taken out of the Bladder. 1738 R. Smith Compl. Syst. Opticks I. viii. 139 Those superfices therefore which refract most, do soonest reflect all the light which is incident upon them, and so must be allowed most strongly reflective. 1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon v. 117 [It] is discharged with such a hollow or concave superfice downwards, as completely to whelm over and invert every square inch of the lifted furrow. 1878 Jrnl. Amer. Geogr. Soc. N.Y. 10 143 The lake has a superfice of 2,800 miles, with a surface drainage falling into it. 1904 J. W. Dallam Digest Laws Texas 124 He shall only receive a superfice of grazing land equal to twenty-four million square varas. 2008 Re: Chi, Internal Energy, Psychic Energy, Imagery in Guided Chaos Forum (Usenet newsgroup) 7 Jan. They [sc. meridians] are not visible but are pathways on the superfice of the body with better electric conductivity. 3. figurative. The outward appearance as distinct from the inner or real nature or condition. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > mere appearance shroudc1175 frontc1374 appearancec1384 countenance?c1425 fard1540 show1547 habit1549 outside1578 glimpse1579 superficies?1589 species1598 out-term1602 paint1608 surface1613 superfice1615 umbrage1639 superficials1652 semblance1843 outer womana1845 outward man1846 patina1957 1615 P. Simson Short Compend Hist. First Ten Persecutions II. v. Ep. Ded. 5 They are content with the superfice and scruif of new inuented remedies. 1624 in J. W. Draper Cent. Broadside Elegies (1928) 364 If Nature had the superfice of Art. a1684 R. Leighton Pract. Comm. 1st Epist. Peter in Wks. (1868) 160 This courteousness is not contrary to that evil, only in the superfice and outward behaviour. 1850 Odd-fellows' Offering 1850 178 If we look beneath the superfice, beyond the shadow, we shall find that there has been in every age..a philosophy..right in all its essential elements. 1909 F. L. Ferrero tr. G. Ferrero Char. & Events Roman Hist. 66 His greater ability to divine the real in his world of action beneath its superfice of confused legends. 1995 D. J. Reavis Ashes of Waco (1998) xiv. 122 Legal and historical scholars find that today's superfice of law is a slippery slide of citizen rights. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1400
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