superficiallyadv.

Brit.

/ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃl̩i/,

/ˌsjuːpəˈfɪʃl̩i/,

/ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃəli/,

/ˌsjuːpəˈfɪʃəli/, U.S.

/ˌsupərˈfɪʃəli/

Forms: see superficial adj. and n. and -ly suffix².

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: superficial adj., -ly suffix².

Etymology: < superficial adj. + -ly suffix². Compare post-classical Latin superficialiter (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), Old French, Middle French, French superficiellement (1314), Spanish superficialmente (early 14th cent. as superfiçialmiente), Italian superficialmente (end of the 13th or beginning of the 14th cent.).

a. On, at, or near the surface. Also with to: on or at the surface of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [adverb]

abovec1300

upon1307

superficially?a1425

aloft?1440

superficiarily1631

peripherically1792

peripherally1852

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 142^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Superficialli Ȝif it wille not be resolued, kitte þe skynne superficiellie to þe substaunce of þe knot.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 2121/1 They..began to refricate and rippe vp the old sore, the skarre wherof, had bene but superficially cured.

1597 P. Lowe Whole Course Chirurg. x. sig. X The bone is sometime broken superficially, otherwhiles to the middst, and sometime thorough both the tables.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 229 This change and transmutation of the said polype or pourcuttle fish, entreth not deeply in, but appeareth superficially in the skin.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. i. 52 Ice..will..neither float above like lighter bodies, but being neare, or in equality of weight, lye superficially or almost horizontally unto it.

1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 215 I could easily see the Vein pass superficially upon the Out-side of the Tumour.

1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 361 The tent is to be left out, and the wound dressed superficially.

1853 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 9) xvii. 257 Beds of turf..precisely similar to those now formed superficially on the extreme borders of the Adriatic.

1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 3 Another vein, which, from its being placed superficially to the sterno mastoid muscle, we know to be the homologue of the external jugular of anthropotomy.

1927 F. Balfour-Browne Insects ii. 47 Liquid food may..be obtained superficially—as, for instance, the nectar oozing from the nectaries in flowers.

2007 Plant Physiol. 144 802 The adaxial sides of new fully expanded leaves were superficially scratched with a razor in three areas.

b. In figurative context.This sense approaches, or overlaps with, sense 2.

ΚΠ

1559 W. Bavand tr. J. Ferrarius Common Weale v. f. 115^v Whiche argumente the Philosophers did scarce superficiallye touche, appliynge [etc.].

1646 H. More Democritus Platonissans 4 Our soul's not superficially Colourd by phantasms.

a1676 J. Dunton Heavenly Pastime (1685) xxviii. 160 They again wax mad, and..wish that his Snowy Innocence would take a Crimson Dye, and be (though but superficially) Criminal.

1735 Visct. Bolingbroke Diss. upon Parties (ed. 2) 36 When the same Opinions revived at the Restoration, They did not sink deep even then into the Minds of Men; but floated so superficially there, that [etc.].

1858 Rambler Oct. 220 His mind was but superficially inoculated with literature and art.

1910 L. C. Jane From Metternich to Bismarck iv. 128 The political sea remained superficially calm, but a strong undercurrent of revolutionary opinion began to flow.

1999 S. L. Kasfir Contemp. Afr. Art ii. 51 The tribal artist was seen as someone living in a familiar relationship to a mythic past, only superficially touched by the colonial experience.

2. Without depth or thoroughness; in brief, cursorily.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > [adverb] > in a superficial manner

superficially?a1425

the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adverb] > to a small extent or slightly > slightly or superficially

superficially?a1425

skin-deep1633

surfacely1863

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > superficial knowledge > [adverb]

superficially1526

dabblingly1811

smatteringly1849

the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [adverb] > without thoroughness or exactness

lightlyOE

overly1440

superficially1526

slovenly1548

glancingly1556

overrunningly1561

cursorily1565

perfunctorily1581

sloven-like1589

cursoriwise1598

perfunctoriously1609

slubberingly1622

cursitorily1628

skimmingly1847

unscrutinizingly1891

sloppily1898

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 152 (MED) Þer heleþ hem [sc. sore spots on the heel]..mych embrocacioun wiþ cold water..& seid aboue superficialy [L. superficialiter] of brissyng or contusioun of flesh.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Qvi Dayly to thynke on these .v. thynges folowyng, nat superficially, that is, lyghtly passyng ouer them, but w^t grauite inwardly.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Isocrates in Panoplie Epist. 155 Your grace..will take a viewe of the cause, & wey the same, not superficially, but with due consideration.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. ii. 164 You haue both said well, And on the cause and question now in hand, Haue glozd, but superficially .

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 476 Whose Eye so superficially surveyes These things, as not to mind from whence they grow.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 432. ⁋8 By such early Corrections of Vanity, while Boys are growing into Men, they will gradually learn not to censure superficially.

1774 A. Smith Let. 20 Sept. in Corr. (1977) cxxxxiii. 174 The different branches of medical knowledge are either not taught at all, or are taught so superficially that they had as well not be taught at all.

1821 C. Lamb in London Mag. May 495/1 The modern schoolmaster..must be superficially, if I may so say, omniscient.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iv. 273 Looked at superficially, there is a certain likeness between the two.

1921 Sci. Amer. Monthly May 388/1 If we look only superficially at what we see around us, it seems that man takes the most important place in the universe.

1994 J. F. Harris People Speak! (1997) viii. 210 In this short space, analysis of anti-Semitism in the ancient and medieval contexts can only be dealt with superficially.

3. As regards outward appearance or form, esp. as distinguished from inner reality; externally, on the surface; seemingly, apparently, ostensibly. Also: on a cursory examination, at a glance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [adverb] > mere outward appearance

utterlikec1175

outwardc1390

superficially1571

formally1596

on the surface1871

1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lxxi. 22) He will not give thanks unto God feynedly, nor superficially [L. defunctorie], but..with an earnest zelousnes.

1590 R. Hitchcock tr. F. Sansovino Quintesence of Wit f. 20 Nobilitie and gravitie, wherof men superficially make such estimation.

1645 Moderate Intelligencer No. 40. 219 Though their number single be not able to do displeasure, yet their influence and secret distillations in those cordially theirs, superficially ours only, may be of dangerous consequence.

1710 D. Manley Mem. Europe I. iii. 288 Julius Sergius is superficially gallant as well as polite, and wou'd be loath to leave the Ladies room to complain of him, for not affording 'em a Place in his Gallery.

1799 W. Godwin St. Leon III. ix. 220 Though superficially he seemed perfectly communicative, I found that he scarcely told me respecting himself any one thing definite and clear.

1878 H. S. Wilson Alpine Ascents iii. 103 Melchior..looks superficially like an Italian.

1893 Bookman June 86/1 Her ambitions superficially so different at different times, and yet substantially the same.

1948 Bull. Atomic Scientists Dec. 378/1 The difference may seem superficially a semantic one, but it is more than that.

1997 Independent (Nexis) 13 Dec. 8 I find them oddly schizophrenic: superficially sober, but underneath that grave exterior, essentially frivolous.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	superficially
释义	superficiallyadv. Brit. /ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃl̩i/, /ˌsjuːpəˈfɪʃl̩i/, /ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃəli/, /ˌsjuːpəˈfɪʃəli/, U.S. /ˌsupərˈfɪʃəli/ Forms: see superficial adj. and n. and -ly suffix². Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: superficial adj., -ly suffix². Etymology: < superficial adj. + -ly suffix². Compare post-classical Latin superficialiter (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), Old French, Middle French, French superficiellement (1314), Spanish superficialmente (early 14th cent. as superfiçialmiente), Italian superficialmente (end of the 13th or beginning of the 14th cent.). 1. a. On, at, or near the surface. Also with to: on or at the surface of. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [adverb] abovec1300 upon1307 superficially?a1425 aloft?1440 superficiarily1631 peripherically1792 peripherally1852 ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 142^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Superficialli Ȝif it wille not be resolued, kitte þe skynne superficiellie to þe substaunce of þe knot. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 2121/1 They..began to refricate and rippe vp the old sore, the skarre wherof, had bene but superficially cured. 1597 P. Lowe Whole Course Chirurg. x. sig. X The bone is sometime broken superficially, otherwhiles to the middst, and sometime thorough both the tables. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 229 This change and transmutation of the said polype or pourcuttle fish, entreth not deeply in, but appeareth superficially in the skin. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. i. 52 Ice..will..neither float above like lighter bodies, but being neare, or in equality of weight, lye superficially or almost horizontally unto it. 1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 215 I could easily see the Vein pass superficially upon the Out-side of the Tumour. 1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 361 The tent is to be left out, and the wound dressed superficially. 1853 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 9) xvii. 257 Beds of turf..precisely similar to those now formed superficially on the extreme borders of the Adriatic. 1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 3 Another vein, which, from its being placed superficially to the sterno mastoid muscle, we know to be the homologue of the external jugular of anthropotomy. 1927 F. Balfour-Browne Insects ii. 47 Liquid food may..be obtained superficially—as, for instance, the nectar oozing from the nectaries in flowers. 2007 Plant Physiol. 144 802 The adaxial sides of new fully expanded leaves were superficially scratched with a razor in three areas. b. In figurative context.This sense approaches, or overlaps with, sense 2. ΚΠ 1559 W. Bavand tr. J. Ferrarius Common Weale v. f. 115^v Whiche argumente the Philosophers did scarce superficiallye touche, appliynge [etc.]. 1646 H. More Democritus Platonissans 4 Our soul's not superficially Colourd by phantasms. a1676 J. Dunton Heavenly Pastime (1685) xxviii. 160 They again wax mad, and..wish that his Snowy Innocence would take a Crimson Dye, and be (though but superficially) Criminal. 1735 Visct. Bolingbroke Diss. upon Parties (ed. 2) 36 When the same Opinions revived at the Restoration, They did not sink deep even then into the Minds of Men; but floated so superficially there, that [etc.]. 1858 Rambler Oct. 220 His mind was but superficially inoculated with literature and art. 1910 L. C. Jane From Metternich to Bismarck iv. 128 The political sea remained superficially calm, but a strong undercurrent of revolutionary opinion began to flow. 1999 S. L. Kasfir Contemp. Afr. Art ii. 51 The tribal artist was seen as someone living in a familiar relationship to a mythic past, only superficially touched by the colonial experience. 2. Without depth or thoroughness; in brief, cursorily. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > [adverb] > in a superficial manner superficially?a1425 the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adverb] > to a small extent or slightly > slightly or superficially superficially?a1425 skin-deep1633 surfacely1863 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > superficial knowledge > [adverb] superficially1526 dabblingly1811 smatteringly1849 the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [adverb] > without thoroughness or exactness lightlyOE overly1440 superficially1526 slovenly1548 glancingly1556 overrunningly1561 cursorily1565 perfunctorily1581 sloven-like1589 cursoriwise1598 perfunctoriously1609 slubberingly1622 cursitorily1628 skimmingly1847 unscrutinizingly1891 sloppily1898 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 152 (MED) Þer heleþ hem [sc. sore spots on the heel]..mych embrocacioun wiþ cold water..& seid aboue superficialy [L. superficialiter] of brissyng or contusioun of flesh. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Qvi Dayly to thynke on these .v. thynges folowyng, nat superficially, that is, lyghtly passyng ouer them, but w^t grauite inwardly. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Isocrates in Panoplie Epist. 155 Your grace..will take a viewe of the cause, & wey the same, not superficially, but with due consideration. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. ii. 164 You haue both said well, And on the cause and question now in hand, Haue glozd, but superficially . View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 476 Whose Eye so superficially surveyes These things, as not to mind from whence they grow. View more context for this quotation 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 432. ⁋8 By such early Corrections of Vanity, while Boys are growing into Men, they will gradually learn not to censure superficially. 1774 A. Smith Let. 20 Sept. in Corr. (1977) cxxxxiii. 174 The different branches of medical knowledge are either not taught at all, or are taught so superficially that they had as well not be taught at all. 1821 C. Lamb in London Mag. May 495/1 The modern schoolmaster..must be superficially, if I may so say, omniscient. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iv. 273 Looked at superficially, there is a certain likeness between the two. 1921 Sci. Amer. Monthly May 388/1 If we look only superficially at what we see around us, it seems that man takes the most important place in the universe. 1994 J. F. Harris People Speak! (1997) viii. 210 In this short space, analysis of anti-Semitism in the ancient and medieval contexts can only be dealt with superficially. 3. As regards outward appearance or form, esp. as distinguished from inner reality; externally, on the surface; seemingly, apparently, ostensibly. Also: on a cursory examination, at a glance. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [adverb] > mere outward appearance utterlikec1175 outwardc1390 superficially1571 formally1596 on the surface1871 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lxxi. 22) He will not give thanks unto God feynedly, nor superficially [L. defunctorie], but..with an earnest zelousnes. 1590 R. Hitchcock tr. F. Sansovino Quintesence of Wit f. 20 Nobilitie and gravitie, wherof men superficially make such estimation. 1645 Moderate Intelligencer No. 40. 219 Though their number single be not able to do displeasure, yet their influence and secret distillations in those cordially theirs, superficially ours only, may be of dangerous consequence. 1710 D. Manley Mem. Europe I. iii. 288 Julius Sergius is superficially gallant as well as polite, and wou'd be loath to leave the Ladies room to complain of him, for not affording 'em a Place in his Gallery. 1799 W. Godwin St. Leon III. ix. 220 Though superficially he seemed perfectly communicative, I found that he scarcely told me respecting himself any one thing definite and clear. 1878 H. S. Wilson Alpine Ascents iii. 103 Melchior..looks superficially like an Italian. 1893 Bookman June 86/1 Her ambitions superficially so different at different times, and yet substantially the same. 1948 Bull. Atomic Scientists Dec. 378/1 The difference may seem superficially a semantic one, but it is more than that. 1997 Independent (Nexis) 13 Dec. 8 I find them oddly schizophrenic: superficially sober, but underneath that grave exterior, essentially frivolous. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.?a1425
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