superfluityn.

Brit.

/ˌsuːpəˈfluːᵻti/,

/ˌsjuːpəˈfluːᵻti/, U.S.

/ˌsupərˈfluədi/

Forms: Middle English suparfluyte, Middle English superfleuyte, Middle English superflovite, Middle English superfluete, Middle English superflwitees (plural), Middle English–1500s superfluite, Middle English–1500s superfluitee, Middle English–1500s superfluyte, Middle English–1500s superfluytee, Middle English–1600s superfluitie, late Middle English superfulytee (transmission error), 1500s superflueity, 1500s–1600s superfluitye, 1500s– superfluity, 1600s supperfluities (plural); Scottish pre-1700 superfleuytee, pre-1700 superflewite, pre-1700 superfluite, pre-1700 superfluitee, pre-1700 superfluitie, pre-1700 superfluyte, pre-1700 superflwitie, pre-1700 supperfluitie, pre-1700 1700s– superfluity.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French superfluité; Latin superfluitat-, superfluitas.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman superflueté, Anglo-Norman and Middle French superfluite (French superfluité ) superfluous amount of something (c1180 in Old French), action or behaviour characterized by or exhibiting extravagance, indulgence, or lack of moderation (c1180), substance generated as a by-product of physiological processes (c1240; c1400 in sense ‘excrement’), superfluous or excessive amount of something (c1330), quality or state of being superfluous (1434), (in plural) surplus goods (last quarter of the 14th cent.), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin superfluitat-, superfluitas redundant superabundance (5th cent.), surplus, excess, excrescence, growth (5th or 6th cent.), excessive amount of humour or other bodily fluid (from 6th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin superfluus superflue adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare Old Occitan superfluitat (c1350), Catalan superfluitat (14th cent.), Spanish superfluidad (a1250), Portuguese superfluidade (15th cent.), Italian superfluità (end of the 13th or beginning of the 14th cent.).

a. A superfluous amount or quantity of something; an excessive amount or overabundant supply.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > superabundance

flood1340

overabundancea1382

abundancec1384

excessa1387

superfluitya1387

surcarka1400

superabundance?a1475

superfluencea1477

abundancy?1526

superfluousnessa1540

pleurisya1550

inundation1589

exsuperance1603

plethory1606

overplus1609

exuberancy1611

redoundancy1623

superabundancy1628

exsuperancy1638

exuberance1638

floodings1674

plethora1700

embarrassment1815

profligacy1834

overfullness1884

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 465 (MED) Seculer lordes schulde take awey the superfluyte of here possessiouns, and ȝeve it to hem þat nedeþ.

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 58 Þanne shulde man han etun and diffied, and delyvered him of superfluyte.

?a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 2 (MED) Þan take þe cloþ and put hit in cold water þat þe superfleuyte of alym falle a-wey.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark xii. f. lxiiij They all putt in off their superfluite: But she off her poverte, cast in all that she had.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. ii. 17 To beare the inuentorie of thy shirts, as one for superfluitie, and another for vse.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. vi. 165 Some think private mens superfluity is a necessary evill in a State.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 16 This Island hath from time to time been no other then as a sewer to empty the superfluity of the German Nations.

1732 A. Pope Strange Relation E. Curll in J. Swift et al. Misc.: 3rd Vol. ii. 43 The..heaping together a Superfluity of Wealth without the least Regard of applying it to its proper Uses.

1781 W. Cowper Charity 455 Her superfluity the poor supplies.

1803 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (new ed.) i. vi. 82 The common error of confounding a superfluity of inhabitants with great actual population.

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda III. v. xxxvi. 77 The distasteful petty empire of her girlhood with its irksome lack of distinction and superfluity of sisters.

1969 Times 6 May 9/4 Should they continue to make vin ordinaire in a country which already produced a superfluity, or should they turn to the production of quality wine?

1986 B. Fussell I Hear Amer. Cooking vi. xxv. 478 California has always had..until recently, a superfluity of fresh crab.

2000 D. Brown in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 692/1 The ancient Greeks appear to have moved..to a superfluity of representations in art.

†b. In plural. Possessions or provisions which are surplus to requirements; surplus goods; leftovers. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food otherwise characterized > [noun] > left-over food

reliefc1300

ortc1325

broken meatc1384

scrapsa1387

reversionc1450

remissalsc1460

superfluities1483

levet1528

sheet-shaking1543

table crumb1566

relics1576

off-falling1607

analects1623

voiding1680

voidance1740

leftover1866

pot-washings1912

slarts1913

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > what remains in excess

surplusc1374

overplusa1387

thrifta1387

surplusagec1407

superplusage1436

overdealc1440

overcome1445

superplusa1450

superfluities1483

upperplus1578

super1626

reserve1646

overs1864

overmatter1887

society > trade and finance > merchandise > [noun] > surplus or excess goods

glut1594

superfluities1613

government surplus1836

1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) iii. ix. f. lv^v Many other myght haue ben fed and fulfylled with theyr [sc. gluttons'] superfluytees.

1550 T. Becon Fortresse of Faythfull sig. A.viii^v Men in tymes past dishereted theyr lawful heyres to nouryshe in ydlenes a numbre of ydle bellies..but who now euen of his superfluities doeth any notable thyng for Christes poore members?

1613 T. Adams White Deuil 16 What would you doe, if Christ should charge you, as he did the yoong-man in the Gospell ‘Sell all, and giue to the poore’, that thinke your superfluities a waste?

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 104. ⁋2 They..naturally laid out their superfluities upon pleasure.

1850 J. Cumming Lect. Seven Churches Asia Minor 86 All we have done in the missionary cause..has been to give our superfluities. No man gives charity who gives a mere surplus, or some of the loose change in his pocket.

a. The quality or state of being superfluous; esp. the condition or fact of being more abundant or copious than is necessary, permitted or desirable; excess.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > excess, redundancy, or superfluity

un-i-fohOE

surfeita1393

superfluitya1398

over-micklea1400

overmucha1400

nimiety1542

superfluous1552

redundance1572

overflowing1574

overflush1581

overflow1589

overmeasure1591

redundancy1601

a too-much1604

pleonasm1616

overfloat1619

overmuchnessa1637

supernumerariness1652

plusa1721

supervacaneousness1730

supersaturate1860

too-muchness1875

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. xxi. 207 Also þat superfluite of moisture is cause why som men rateleþ [L. efficiuntur drauli] þat mowe not sowne alle lettres.

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Ellesmere) (1868) l. 436 Of his diete mesurable was he Ffor it was of no superfluitee.

1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) liiii. 78 The grete wast and superfluyte of her gownes.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 126 Þe herys of his berd þat comyth of superfluyte of humors of þe stomok.

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Bi Prolixite is superfluitie [printed supfluitie] of wordes in declaryng a thynge.

1591 E. Spenser Ruines of Rome in Complaints xxiii In a vicious bodie, grose disease Soone growes through humours superfluitie.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Bb2 The great quantitie of Bookes maketh a shewe..of superfluitie .

1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love Pref. I think there's no folly so great in any Poet of our Age as the superfluity and wast of wit was in some of our predecessors.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 91. ⁋1 He has a Competency of Fortune without Superfluity.

1733 G. Cheyne Eng. Malady iii. iv. 304 Superfluity will always produce Redundancy, whether it be of Phlegm or Choler.

1833 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) VI. 933 The superfluity of any Light of Information afforded to an habitual Dram Drinker respecting the unutterable evil and misery of his thraldom.

1862 C. Darwin On Var. Contrivances Orchids Fertilised vi. 276 Thus the act of fertilization is completed, and there is no superfluity in the means employed.

1907 Installation News May 3/1 The alleged superfluity of Consulting Engineers... Even amongst consultants undesirables are to be found.

2001 S. Walton Out of It (2002) v. 202 That counted a bottle of wine on a Saturday night as a ‘binge’, with all its associations of ruinous superfluity.

†b. in (also to) superfluity: in an excessive amount; to an excessive degree. Also of superfluity: as an addition. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > excessively [phrase] > to excess

at overdonec1175

in (also to) superfluitya1398

in, to (an) excess1526

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxix. 1358 Sixe is a nombre þat foloweþ vertu. For he passeþ nouȝt in superfluite [L. nec superflue progreditur] nouþer fayleþ in lak and defaute, but holdeth the mene bitwene euene parties.

a1450 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (New Coll. Oxf.) (1850) 1 Chron. Prol. 314 Siche thingis that weren addid to of superfluyte [L. ex superfluo], he markyde with litil ȝerdis.

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 136 Ȝif þou haue a coueytous loue to superfluyte of temperall ryches.

1562 W. Bullein Bk. Use Sicke Men f. li, in Bulwarke of Defence If there be twoo humours, equall aboundyng together, extremely in superfluite.

1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. G4 Lives gush not in superfluity Into this world, but their due time do stay.

a1690 R. Barclay Truth Triumphant (1692) 534 If his Estate bear it, and he use it neither in superfluity, nor immoderately, he may do it.

3. Unnecessary, needless, or pointless action or activity. Frequently with infinitive (cf. superfluous adj. 2b). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > uselessness, vanity, or futility > [noun] > futile activity

vanity1303

superfluitya1398

mappery1609

waste-time1609

tautology1639

boondoggling1935

taradiddle1970

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xv. clxviii. 821 I trowe it were superfluyte [L. estimo superfluum] to rekkene alle the godenes and worthines of þise men.

c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) l. 1824 To make exposicion therof, new or olde, Were but superfluyte.

a1616 J. Smith Expos. Creed (1632) xxviii. 280 Nicodemus did bring an hundred pound of sweet odors of Myrrh and Aloes, to imbalme his body, and lest the Iewes should thinke it were superfluity, it is said, It was the maner of the Iewes to doe so.

1685 R. Paterson Let. 7 Mar. in W. A. Whitehead E. Jersey under Proprietary Govts. (1846) 312 These things are so notoriously known, that it is superfluity to write them.

1833 J. Sergeaunt Serm. xvi. 241 None of you, who live amongst your poorer brethren, will for a single moment think, that the sick and needy are amply provided for, and to give more is superfluity.

1893 Speaker 30 Dec. 728/2 It is superfluity to say of the present volume that the Professor's method is as sound and his execution as conscientious as ever.

1905 R. Garnett William Shakespeare Pedagogue & Poacher 85 So crammed the Court is with particulars, More to adduce were superfluity.

1999 N. K. Chattopa Metaphysics Truth & Materialism 68 It is superfluity to speak that the ‘pure-transient non-dual Being’ could not be stated clearly by a nomenclature.

4. A superfluous part or aspect of something; something which is not essential; an unnecessary thing. Also: †excess growth collectively. Frequently in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > excess, redundancy, or superfluity > that which is superfluous > a superfluous thing, part, or person

superfluitya1398

the fifth wheel of a coach, waggon1631

redundancy1631

superfluency1672

expletive1688

a spare prick1961

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. xcviii. 989 The appil tree waxeþ bareyne but it be ypared, yschrudde, and descharged of [water]bowes and of superfluite [L. a superfluis].

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 20 Þe sixte fingre of þe hond & manye superfluytees..beþ nouȝt semelich to a mannys body.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. i. 76 A crokyd hachet for to cutte of the superfluytees of the vignes and trees.

1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Kviij^v Ryches & superfluites contemned.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 493 [One who] may shrowde of all vnprofitable and withered superfluities and reduplications.

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. ⁋3 What thanks had he for cutting off the superfluities of the lawes?

1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 189 The superfluities of a definition are 6.

1683 T. Tryon Way to Health 223 These Superfluities..are become as it were Essential to the Nature of the Users.

1749 L. Pilkington Mem. (new ed.) I. 82 To debar himself of what he calls the Superfluities of Life, in order to administer to the Necessities of the Distressed.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 239 When we are in want of necessaries we must part with all superfluities .

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 295 The colonies therefore entered into measures to..retrench the use of foreign superfluities.

1828 T. Carlyle in Foreign Rev. Sept. 93 In the eyes of Voltaire and his disciples, Religion was a superfluity, indeed a nuisance.

1860 R. W. Emerson Culture in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 136 Self-denial..that saves on superfluities, and spends on essentials.

1917 E. B. Holt & W. James tr. T. Flournoy Philos. William James viii. 128 The steadfast renunciation of the luxuries and superfluities of life.

1988 P. Brown Body & Society xv. 309 Marriage was a superfluity rendered necessary only by the fall of Adam.

2009 Uttoxeter Post & Times (Nexis) 18 Sept. 43 They've stripped away the superfluities found on many so-called family vehicles and the result is the Doblo.

†5. Physiology and Medicine. A substance generated by a physiological or pathological process, esp. as a by-product or waste product; an excretion; a discharge. Usually in plural. Obsolete. †superfluities of the mother, menstrual discharges.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > discharge of menses > [noun]

purgationa1398

superfluities of the mothera1398

termsc1450

the custom of women1560

visit1653

menstruation1754

lunation1822

periodicity1848

friend1889

the curse1930

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > [noun]

flux1382

superfluitya1398

outwaxing?1541

excrement1565

recrement1578

profluvium1603

redeliverage1612

evacuation1625

excretion1630

staxis1745

egesta1787

rejectments1818

rejectamenta1834

rejection1838

excreta1857

excretes1883

output1883

ejecta1890

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. xiii. 192 The firste hole [sc. nasal passage] is nedeful to putte of superfluytees þat comeþ fro þe brayn, and þe oþir to drawe spirit and breþ.

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 144, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Superfluite But virus, crusta, and rotennesse and alle maner superfluites of vlcus oþer of olde sores ben allonelye engenderd of innaturel hete.

c1450 in W. R. Dawson Leechbk. (1934) 26 (MED) For to dry þe superfluitese of þe modre.

a1500 in Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin (1912) 5 73 The hert, the lyver, and the brayne..eche..haue their clensyng place, wher he may putte oute his superfluitees.

1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) ii. 19. f. 34 Olde men haue nede of suche wynes, whiche do prouoke vrine: for as moch as in them doo abounde watry excrementes or superfluities.

1650 N. Culpeper Ephemeris for 1651 sig. K Of all these Humors, Blood is the chief, all the rest are but superfluities of Blood; yet are they necessary superfluities, for without any of them, man cannot live. Namely, Choller is the Fiery superfluity; Flegm, the Watery; Melancholly the Earthly.

1698 J. Pechey Compl. Midwife's Pract. Enlarged (ed. 5) iv. ii. 98 Two other Tunicles..defend the Infant from being clogged with any superfluities, as from the Flowers retained after Conception.

1701 tr. C. G. le Clerc Compleat Surgeon (ed. 3) 375 This Ointment consumes putrify'd Flesh, and the Superfluities of Ulcers and Wounds.

1776 L. Chalmers Acct. Weather & Dis. South-Carolina II. iii. 130 The ingesta, when of a salubrious quality,..seldom produce any disease; the several secreting organs, then performing their offices promptly, so as to free the body of superfluities.

†6. Action or behaviour characterized by or exhibiting extravagance, indulgence, or lack of moderation; an instance of this. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > lack of moderation or restraint > [noun]

unimetec888

unmethelOE

overdeeda1200

unmetheshipa1250

outragec1325

ragec1330

reveriec1350

delavinessc1380

recolagea1400

dissolutionc1400

superfluityc1405

wantonness1448

intemperancy1532

intemperacy?1541

untemperance?1541

intemperance1547

excess1552

immoderateness1569

intemperateness1571

unbridledness1571

inordinateness1577

untemperateness1578

dissoluteness1580

acrasia1590

acrasy1590

intemperature1602

inordination1615

inordinancya1617

immoderation1640

extravagancy1651

debauch1672

extravagance1676

incontinency1715

extravaganza1754

incontinence1836

unmeasuredness1864

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 143 They..ete also and drynke ouer hir myght Thurgh which they doon the deuel sacrifise..By superfluytee abhomynable.

c1450 (?c1425) St. Mary of Oignies ii. iv, in Anglia (1885) 8 161 (MED) Whan a man fleeþ superfluyte, [he] sumtyme fallith into chynchery.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 51 He..ȝafe hym to ydelnes, lecchery, and to superfluites, wastenge nyȝhtes in lechery and synne.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxi. 252 He shewed many thynges to fall on the prelates of the Churche, for the great superfluitie and pryde that was as than vsed amonge theym.

1541 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 139 I will that..no superfluyte be mayde at my buriall.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxiv. iii. 854 That we might not be stinted and gaged in our excessive expenses, in our dissolute profusion, in costly vanities and superfluities.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxx. 179 They,..whom superfluity, or sloth carrieth after their sensuall pleasures.

1801 Farmer's Mag. Jan. 82 A rigid economy of our resources,..a retrenchment of every superfluity on the part of the opulent.

7. A collective term for: a group of nuns. Cf. sense 1a. rare.One of many alleged group names found in late Middle English glossarial sources. Revived in 20th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > monasticism > nun > [noun] > collectively

superfluitya1450

nunnery1600

a1450 Terms Assoc. in PMLA (1936) 51 604 (MED) A superfluite of nonnes.

a1475 in J. Hodgkin Proper Terms (1909) 48 (MED) A Superflovite of nonnys.

1905 H. A. Evans Highways & Byways Oxf. & Cotswolds xi. 266 These probably mark the dwelling of a..superfluity of nuns from Godstow.

2003 E. Feldman Lucy (2004) v. 64 There's also—now, you're not going to like these, Lucy—a rage of maidens, and an impatience of wives, and a superfluity of nuns.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	superfluity
释义	superfluityn. Brit. /ˌsuːpəˈfluːᵻti/, /ˌsjuːpəˈfluːᵻti/, U.S. /ˌsupərˈfluədi/ Forms: Middle English suparfluyte, Middle English superfleuyte, Middle English superflovite, Middle English superfluete, Middle English superflwitees (plural), Middle English–1500s superfluite, Middle English–1500s superfluitee, Middle English–1500s superfluyte, Middle English–1500s superfluytee, Middle English–1600s superfluitie, late Middle English superfulytee (transmission error), 1500s superflueity, 1500s–1600s superfluitye, 1500s– superfluity, 1600s supperfluities (plural); Scottish pre-1700 superfleuytee, pre-1700 superflewite, pre-1700 superfluite, pre-1700 superfluitee, pre-1700 superfluitie, pre-1700 superfluyte, pre-1700 superflwitie, pre-1700 supperfluitie, pre-1700 1700s– superfluity. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French superfluité; Latin superfluitat-, superfluitas. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman superflueté, Anglo-Norman and Middle French superfluite (French superfluité ) superfluous amount of something (c1180 in Old French), action or behaviour characterized by or exhibiting extravagance, indulgence, or lack of moderation (c1180), substance generated as a by-product of physiological processes (c1240; c1400 in sense ‘excrement’), superfluous or excessive amount of something (c1330), quality or state of being superfluous (1434), (in plural) surplus goods (last quarter of the 14th cent.), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin superfluitat-, superfluitas redundant superabundance (5th cent.), surplus, excess, excrescence, growth (5th or 6th cent.), excessive amount of humour or other bodily fluid (from 6th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin superfluus superflue adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare Old Occitan superfluitat (c1350), Catalan superfluitat (14th cent.), Spanish superfluidad (a1250), Portuguese superfluidade (15th cent.), Italian superfluità (end of the 13th or beginning of the 14th cent.). 1. a. A superfluous amount or quantity of something; an excessive amount or overabundant supply. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > superabundance flood1340 overabundancea1382 abundancec1384 excessa1387 superfluitya1387 surcarka1400 superabundance?a1475 superfluencea1477 abundancy?1526 superfluousnessa1540 pleurisya1550 inundation1589 exsuperance1603 plethory1606 overplus1609 exuberancy1611 redoundancy1623 superabundancy1628 exsuperancy1638 exuberance1638 floodings1674 plethora1700 embarrassment1815 profligacy1834 overfullness1884 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 465 (MED) Seculer lordes schulde take awey the superfluyte of here possessiouns, and ȝeve it to hem þat nedeþ. a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 58 Þanne shulde man han etun and diffied, and delyvered him of superfluyte. ?a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 2 (MED) Þan take þe cloþ and put hit in cold water þat þe superfleuyte of alym falle a-wey. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark xii. f. lxiiij They all putt in off their superfluite: But she off her poverte, cast in all that she had. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. ii. 17 To beare the inuentorie of thy shirts, as one for superfluitie, and another for vse. View more context for this quotation 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. vi. 165 Some think private mens superfluity is a necessary evill in a State. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 16 This Island hath from time to time been no other then as a sewer to empty the superfluity of the German Nations. 1732 A. Pope Strange Relation E. Curll in J. Swift et al. Misc.: 3rd Vol. ii. 43 The..heaping together a Superfluity of Wealth without the least Regard of applying it to its proper Uses. 1781 W. Cowper Charity 455 Her superfluity the poor supplies. 1803 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (new ed.) i. vi. 82 The common error of confounding a superfluity of inhabitants with great actual population. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda III. v. xxxvi. 77 The distasteful petty empire of her girlhood with its irksome lack of distinction and superfluity of sisters. 1969 Times 6 May 9/4 Should they continue to make vin ordinaire in a country which already produced a superfluity, or should they turn to the production of quality wine? 1986 B. Fussell I Hear Amer. Cooking vi. xxv. 478 California has always had..until recently, a superfluity of fresh crab. 2000 D. Brown in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 692/1 The ancient Greeks appear to have moved..to a superfluity of representations in art. †b. In plural. Possessions or provisions which are surplus to requirements; surplus goods; leftovers. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food otherwise characterized > [noun] > left-over food reliefc1300 ortc1325 broken meatc1384 scrapsa1387 reversionc1450 remissalsc1460 superfluities1483 levet1528 sheet-shaking1543 table crumb1566 relics1576 off-falling1607 analects1623 voiding1680 voidance1740 leftover1866 pot-washings1912 slarts1913 the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > what remains in excess surplusc1374 overplusa1387 thrifta1387 surplusagec1407 surplusagec1407 superplusage1436 overdealc1440 overcome1445 superplusa1450 superfluities1483 upperplus1578 super1626 reserve1646 overs1864 overmatter1887 society > trade and finance > merchandise > [noun] > surplus or excess goods glut1594 superfluities1613 government surplus1836 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) iii. ix. f. lv^v Many other myght haue ben fed and fulfylled with theyr [sc. gluttons'] superfluytees. 1550 T. Becon Fortresse of Faythfull sig. A.viii^v Men in tymes past dishereted theyr lawful heyres to nouryshe in ydlenes a numbre of ydle bellies..but who now euen of his superfluities doeth any notable thyng for Christes poore members? 1613 T. Adams White Deuil 16 What would you doe, if Christ should charge you, as he did the yoong-man in the Gospell ‘Sell all, and giue to the poore’, that thinke your superfluities a waste? 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 104. ⁋2 They..naturally laid out their superfluities upon pleasure. 1850 J. Cumming Lect. Seven Churches Asia Minor 86 All we have done in the missionary cause..has been to give our superfluities. No man gives charity who gives a mere surplus, or some of the loose change in his pocket. 2. a. The quality or state of being superfluous; esp. the condition or fact of being more abundant or copious than is necessary, permitted or desirable; excess. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > excess, redundancy, or superfluity un-i-fohOE surfeita1393 superfluitya1398 over-micklea1400 overmucha1400 nimiety1542 superfluous1552 redundance1572 overflowing1574 overflush1581 overflow1589 overmeasure1591 redundancy1601 a too-much1604 pleonasm1616 overfloat1619 overmuchnessa1637 supernumerariness1652 plusa1721 supervacaneousness1730 supersaturate1860 too-muchness1875 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. xxi. 207 Also þat superfluite of moisture is cause why som men rateleþ [L. efficiuntur drauli] þat mowe not sowne alle lettres. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Ellesmere) (1868) l. 436 Of his diete mesurable was he Ffor it was of no superfluitee. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) liiii. 78 The grete wast and superfluyte of her gownes. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 126 Þe herys of his berd þat comyth of superfluyte of humors of þe stomok. ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Bi Prolixite is superfluitie [printed supfluitie] of wordes in declaryng a thynge. 1591 E. Spenser Ruines of Rome in Complaints xxiii In a vicious bodie, grose disease Soone growes through humours superfluitie. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Bb2 The great quantitie of Bookes maketh a shewe..of superfluitie . View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love Pref. I think there's no folly so great in any Poet of our Age as the superfluity and wast of wit was in some of our predecessors. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 91. ⁋1 He has a Competency of Fortune without Superfluity. 1733 G. Cheyne Eng. Malady iii. iv. 304 Superfluity will always produce Redundancy, whether it be of Phlegm or Choler. 1833 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) VI. 933 The superfluity of any Light of Information afforded to an habitual Dram Drinker respecting the unutterable evil and misery of his thraldom. 1862 C. Darwin On Var. Contrivances Orchids Fertilised vi. 276 Thus the act of fertilization is completed, and there is no superfluity in the means employed. 1907 Installation News May 3/1 The alleged superfluity of Consulting Engineers... Even amongst consultants undesirables are to be found. 2001 S. Walton Out of It (2002) v. 202 That counted a bottle of wine on a Saturday night as a ‘binge’, with all its associations of ruinous superfluity. †b. in (also to) superfluity: in an excessive amount; to an excessive degree. Also of superfluity: as an addition. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > excessively [phrase] > to excess at overdonec1175 in (also to) superfluitya1398 in, to (an) excess1526 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxix. 1358 Sixe is a nombre þat foloweþ vertu. For he passeþ nouȝt in superfluite [L. nec superflue progreditur] nouþer fayleþ in lak and defaute, but holdeth the mene bitwene euene parties. a1450 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (New Coll. Oxf.) (1850) 1 Chron. Prol. 314 Siche thingis that weren addid to of superfluyte [L. ex superfluo], he markyde with litil ȝerdis. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 136 Ȝif þou haue a coueytous loue to superfluyte of temperall ryches. 1562 W. Bullein Bk. Use Sicke Men f. li, in Bulwarke of Defence If there be twoo humours, equall aboundyng together, extremely in superfluite. 1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. G4 Lives gush not in superfluity Into this world, but their due time do stay. a1690 R. Barclay Truth Triumphant (1692) 534 If his Estate bear it, and he use it neither in superfluity, nor immoderately, he may do it. 3. Unnecessary, needless, or pointless action or activity. Frequently with infinitive (cf. superfluous adj. 2b). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > uselessness, vanity, or futility > [noun] > futile activity vanity1303 superfluitya1398 mappery1609 waste-time1609 tautology1639 boondoggling1935 taradiddle1970 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xv. clxviii. 821 I trowe it were superfluyte [L. estimo superfluum] to rekkene alle the godenes and worthines of þise men. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) l. 1824 To make exposicion therof, new or olde, Were but superfluyte. a1616 J. Smith Expos. Creed (1632) xxviii. 280 Nicodemus did bring an hundred pound of sweet odors of Myrrh and Aloes, to imbalme his body, and lest the Iewes should thinke it were superfluity, it is said, It was the maner of the Iewes to doe so. 1685 R. Paterson Let. 7 Mar. in W. A. Whitehead E. Jersey under Proprietary Govts. (1846) 312 These things are so notoriously known, that it is superfluity to write them. 1833 J. Sergeaunt Serm. xvi. 241 None of you, who live amongst your poorer brethren, will for a single moment think, that the sick and needy are amply provided for, and to give more is superfluity. 1893 Speaker 30 Dec. 728/2 It is superfluity to say of the present volume that the Professor's method is as sound and his execution as conscientious as ever. 1905 R. Garnett William Shakespeare Pedagogue & Poacher 85 So crammed the Court is with particulars, More to adduce were superfluity. 1999 N. K. Chattopa Metaphysics Truth & Materialism 68 It is superfluity to speak that the ‘pure-transient non-dual Being’ could not be stated clearly by a nomenclature. 4. A superfluous part or aspect of something; something which is not essential; an unnecessary thing. Also: †excess growth collectively. Frequently in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > excess, redundancy, or superfluity > that which is superfluous > a superfluous thing, part, or person superfluitya1398 the fifth wheel of a coach, waggon1631 redundancy1631 superfluency1672 expletive1688 a spare prick1961 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. xcviii. 989 The appil tree waxeþ bareyne but it be ypared, yschrudde, and descharged of [water]bowes and of superfluite [L. a superfluis]. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 20 Þe sixte fingre of þe hond & manye superfluytees..beþ nouȝt semelich to a mannys body. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. i. 76 A crokyd hachet for to cutte of the superfluytees of the vignes and trees. 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Kviij^v Ryches & superfluites contemned. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 493 [One who] may shrowde of all vnprofitable and withered superfluities and reduplications. 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. ⁋3 What thanks had he for cutting off the superfluities of the lawes? 1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 189 The superfluities of a definition are 6. 1683 T. Tryon Way to Health 223 These Superfluities..are become as it were Essential to the Nature of the Users. 1749 L. Pilkington Mem. (new ed.) I. 82 To debar himself of what he calls the Superfluities of Life, in order to administer to the Necessities of the Distressed. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 239 When we are in want of necessaries we must part with all superfluities . View more context for this quotation 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 295 The colonies therefore entered into measures to..retrench the use of foreign superfluities. 1828 T. Carlyle in Foreign Rev. Sept. 93 In the eyes of Voltaire and his disciples, Religion was a superfluity, indeed a nuisance. 1860 R. W. Emerson Culture in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 136 Self-denial..that saves on superfluities, and spends on essentials. 1917 E. B. Holt & W. James tr. T. Flournoy Philos. William James viii. 128 The steadfast renunciation of the luxuries and superfluities of life. 1988 P. Brown Body & Society xv. 309 Marriage was a superfluity rendered necessary only by the fall of Adam. 2009 Uttoxeter Post & Times (Nexis) 18 Sept. 43 They've stripped away the superfluities found on many so-called family vehicles and the result is the Doblo. †5. Physiology and Medicine. A substance generated by a physiological or pathological process, esp. as a by-product or waste product; an excretion; a discharge. Usually in plural. Obsolete. †superfluities of the mother, menstrual discharges. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > discharge of menses > [noun] purgationa1398 superfluities of the mothera1398 termsc1450 the custom of women1560 visit1653 menstruation1754 lunation1822 periodicity1848 friend1889 the curse1930 the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > [noun] flux1382 superfluitya1398 outwaxing?1541 excrement1565 recrement1578 profluvium1603 redeliverage1612 evacuation1625 excretion1630 staxis1745 egesta1787 rejectments1818 rejectamenta1834 rejection1838 excreta1857 excretes1883 output1883 ejecta1890 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. xiii. 192 The firste hole [sc. nasal passage] is nedeful to putte of superfluytees þat comeþ fro þe brayn, and þe oþir to drawe spirit and breþ. ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 144, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Superfluite But virus, crusta, and rotennesse and alle maner superfluites of vlcus oþer of olde sores ben allonelye engenderd of innaturel hete. c1450 in W. R. Dawson Leechbk. (1934) 26 (MED) For to dry þe superfluitese of þe modre. a1500 in Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin (1912) 5 73 The hert, the lyver, and the brayne..eche..haue their clensyng place, wher he may putte oute his superfluitees. 1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) ii. 19. f. 34 Olde men haue nede of suche wynes, whiche do prouoke vrine: for as moch as in them doo abounde watry excrementes or superfluities. 1650 N. Culpeper Ephemeris for 1651 sig. K Of all these Humors, Blood is the chief, all the rest are but superfluities of Blood; yet are they necessary superfluities, for without any of them, man cannot live. Namely, Choller is the Fiery superfluity; Flegm, the Watery; Melancholly the Earthly. 1698 J. Pechey Compl. Midwife's Pract. Enlarged (ed. 5) iv. ii. 98 Two other Tunicles..defend the Infant from being clogged with any superfluities, as from the Flowers retained after Conception. 1701 tr. C. G. le Clerc Compleat Surgeon (ed. 3) 375 This Ointment consumes putrify'd Flesh, and the Superfluities of Ulcers and Wounds. 1776 L. Chalmers Acct. Weather & Dis. South-Carolina II. iii. 130 The ingesta, when of a salubrious quality,..seldom produce any disease; the several secreting organs, then performing their offices promptly, so as to free the body of superfluities. †6. Action or behaviour characterized by or exhibiting extravagance, indulgence, or lack of moderation; an instance of this. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > lack of moderation or restraint > [noun] unimetec888 unmethelOE overdeeda1200 unmetheshipa1250 outragec1325 ragec1330 reveriec1350 delavinessc1380 recolagea1400 dissolutionc1400 superfluityc1405 wantonness1448 intemperancy1532 intemperacy?1541 untemperance?1541 intemperance1547 excess1552 immoderateness1569 intemperateness1571 unbridledness1571 inordinateness1577 untemperateness1578 dissoluteness1580 acrasia1590 acrasy1590 intemperature1602 inordination1615 inordinancya1617 immoderation1640 extravagancy1651 debauch1672 extravagance1676 incontinency1715 extravaganza1754 incontinence1836 unmeasuredness1864 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 143 They..ete also and drynke ouer hir myght Thurgh which they doon the deuel sacrifise..By superfluytee abhomynable. c1450 (?c1425) St. Mary of Oignies ii. iv, in Anglia (1885) 8 161 (MED) Whan a man fleeþ superfluyte, [he] sumtyme fallith into chynchery. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 51 He..ȝafe hym to ydelnes, lecchery, and to superfluites, wastenge nyȝhtes in lechery and synne. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxi. 252 He shewed many thynges to fall on the prelates of the Churche, for the great superfluitie and pryde that was as than vsed amonge theym. 1541 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 139 I will that..no superfluyte be mayde at my buriall. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxiv. iii. 854 That we might not be stinted and gaged in our excessive expenses, in our dissolute profusion, in costly vanities and superfluities. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxx. 179 They,..whom superfluity, or sloth carrieth after their sensuall pleasures. 1801 Farmer's Mag. Jan. 82 A rigid economy of our resources,..a retrenchment of every superfluity on the part of the opulent. 7. A collective term for: a group of nuns. Cf. sense 1a. rare.One of many alleged group names found in late Middle English glossarial sources. Revived in 20th cent. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > monasticism > nun > [noun] > collectively superfluitya1450 nunnery1600 a1450 Terms Assoc. in PMLA (1936) 51 604 (MED) A superfluite of nonnes. a1475 in J. Hodgkin Proper Terms (1909) 48 (MED) A Superflovite of nonnys. 1905 H. A. Evans Highways & Byways Oxf. & Cotswolds xi. 266 These probably mark the dwelling of a..superfluity of nuns from Godstow. 2003 E. Feldman Lucy (2004) v. 64 There's also—now, you're not going to like these, Lucy—a rage of maidens, and an impatience of wives, and a superfluity of nuns. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1387
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