superintendv.

Brit.

/ˌsuːp(ə)rᵻnˈtɛnd/,

/ˌsjuːp(ə)rᵻnˈtɛnd/, U.S.

/ˌsup(ə)r(ə)nˈtɛnd/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin superintendere.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin superintendere to supervise (4th or 5th cent. in Augustine) < classical Latin super- super- prefix + intendere intend v.

1. intransitive. To exercise supervision over an activity, person, organization, etc.; to act as an overseer.Sometimes with over the person or thing supervised.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > be in control [verb (intransitive)] > superintend

overseea1425

superintend1883

1508 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 275 Patrick Bell..sal superintend til our fischin of Campsy, and warne ws lawtefully quhen he knawis any falt with the fissaris.

1628 D. Calderwood Pastor & Prelate iv. 48 The Suerintendent was subject to the censure not onely of the nationall, but of the provinciall Kirk, where he superintended.

1678 R. Cudworth tr. in True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 229 They called both the Childbearing of Women, and the Goddesses that superintend over the same Eilithuia or Lucina.

1723 B. Higgons Short View Eng. Hist. 439 The King's Affairs in the West were in the most flourishing Condition, when this great Historian was sent down to superintend.

1783 Trial Lieut. C. Bourne 123 You are perhaps more singularly circumstanced in this particular case, in superintending over the peace of the country.

1833 T. H. Bayly Musings & Prosings 86 She fumes and she frets, and examines, and mends, And she orders about her, and superintends.

1883 G. Moore Mod. Lover I. x. 161 She declared that she was ready to superintend.

1931 R. A. Freeman Pontifex, Son & Thorndyke i. 5 They slid the case into position with extraordinary care while the seedy person stood by to superintend and admonish.

1998 India Today (Nexis) 3 Nov. 34 A statutory body with full authority to superintend over the affairs of the CBI.

a. transitive. To exercise supervision over, oversee (a person). Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > superintend > specifically a person

to stand over ——OE

superintend1564

supervise1618

babysit1973

1564 J. Rastell Confut. Serm. M. Iuell f. 169 He shall be superintended so wiselye, that his aunswer shall not come against me.

1641 R. Brooke Disc. Nature Episcopacie ix. f. 58^v One Apostle was not above another, nor one Pastor did not superintend another.

1662 W. Dugdale Hist. Imbanking & Drayning Fens xlvi. 247 The said Steward of Ely..was to superintend Iohn de Fictone and Adam de Blowere, Assessors and Collectors for the Town of Wygenhale.

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random II. lxii. 52 I can..procure your admission as a noviciate into this convent, where I will superintend and direct you with a truly paternal affection.

1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 77/1 I was his chief gomastah: I used to superintend his other gomastahs, and sometimes write myself.

1842 Geelong Advertiser 24 Oct. 4/3 Every master to maintain a free overseer, or to superintend his prisoner servants himself.

1892 ‘M. Twain’ Amer. Claimant xiv. 152 To superintend a sausage-stuffer at six or eight dollars a week.

1921 E. L. White Andivius Hedulio iii. xxii. 330 We..were told by the sergeant superintending us to strip.

1998 Times of Zambia (Nexis) 20 July I superintend [a] staff of 10 which is too small a number if you consider the amount of work we have to do.

b. transitive. To be responsible for the management or arrangement of (an institution, activity, event, organization, etc.); to look after, oversee, supervise.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > superintend

overseec1330

overwaitc1449

overlook1532

supervise1566

superintend1596

supravise1604

supervise1653

superinspect1675

intend1791

targe1814

oversight1885

overseer1892

honcho1957

1596 J. Harington New Disc. Aiax 83 Our good Lord Bishops must be made poore Superintendents, that they might superintend the goodly Lordships of rich Bishopricks.

c1615 F. Bacon Advice to G. Villiers in Lett. (1872) VI. 22 The King will appoint Commissioners in the nature of a Council, who may superintend the works of this nature, and regulate what concerns the colonies.

1673 Bp. S. Parker Reproof Rehearsal Transprosed 167 To this purpose did our blessed Saviour depute the Apostolical order..to superintend the Affaires of his Holy Catholique Church.

1765 Museum Rusticum 4 420 The appointing proper persons to superintend such gardens or nurseries.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 148 British America is superintended by an officer styled governor general.

1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 70 The lady who superintended the charity-school.

1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. i. x. 80 He could more often escape from public cares to superintend his private interests.

1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. xxiii. 220 The cooks..who superintended the meals of the imperial family.

1909 Chatterbox 27/2 A mistress, in a very quaint bonnet and dress, superintends the sewing class.

1951 D. Cresswell Canterbury Tales 144 Captain Cain lived in a..house on the hill and superintended the whaleboat service.

2000 Times (Nexis) 28 Oct. Superintending the children's bathtime had been Miranda's responsibility.

†3. transitive. To keep watch upon or over. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] > watch or observe

keepc1000

overseeOE

waitc1300

advisec1325

awaita1375

to wait on ——c1384

markc1400

contemplec1429

to keep (also have) an (or one's) eye on (also upon)a1450

to look straitly to?c1450

to wait after ——c1460

vizy1488

contemplatea1533

vise1551

pry?1553

observe1567

eye1592

over-eye?1592

watch1600

outwatch1607

spell1633

superintend1654

under-watch1654

tent1721

evigilate1727

twig1764

stag1796

eye-serve1800

spy1806

deek1825

screw1905

clock1911

1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 188 The eyes of all the earth observe our motion and superintend our actions [Fr. toute la Terre a les yeux sur nous].

1695 V. Alsop Duty & Interest 28 Let us mingle our Prayers with our Thanksgivings, that the same watchful and faithful eye of Providence would superintend his person still.

Derivatives

superinˈtended adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [adjective] > superintending > superintended

superintended1811

1811 Edinb. Ann. Reg. 1809 2 438/2 The toleration of all religions and opinions..and the superintended liberty of the press.

1996 Irish Times (Nexis) 20 July (Suppl.) 3 The bit players in the zealously superintended theatre that is the great Olympic movement.

superinˈtending n.

ΚΠ

1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons Ep. Ded. sig. **3^v All such great Captaines..haue..established sundrie lawes,..with Officers for the superintending and due execution of the same.

1770 Gentleman's Mag. 40 369 The Rounders..have the immediate superintending of the watchmen.

1876 Sanitary Rec. 19 Feb. 126/1 The superintending of the operations by Government officers must entail considerable additional expense.

1999 N.Y. Times 4 Nov. f4/1 Superintending is also an occupation that women have broken into.

superinˈtending adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [adjective] > superintending

superintendent1566

supervising1594

architectonical1595

supervisiting1615

superintending1625

architectonic1678

supervisory1815

superintendential1838

supervisal1838

visitatorial1880

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes III. iv. ix. 770 Thus was miserable Russia ground betwixt these two Mill-stones, the pretending Demetrius and the super-intending Pole.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. i. 107 The general superintending power of the legislature in the mother country.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xx. 399 The..coalition..would be..dissolved if his superintending care were withdrawn.

1940 Brit. Red Cross Soc. Cookery & Catering Man. (ed. 4) ii. 16 The superintending cook..is held responsible for the cleanliness and good order of the kitchens.

2010 Birmingham (Alabama) News (Nexis) 23 Oct. f1 They..don't want anyone—especially a superintending deity—telling them what to do.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	superintend
释义	superintendv. Brit. /ˌsuːp(ə)rᵻnˈtɛnd/, /ˌsjuːp(ə)rᵻnˈtɛnd/, U.S. /ˌsup(ə)r(ə)nˈtɛnd/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin superintendere. Etymology: < post-classical Latin superintendere to supervise (4th or 5th cent. in Augustine) < classical Latin super- super- prefix + intendere intend v. 1. intransitive. To exercise supervision over an activity, person, organization, etc.; to act as an overseer.Sometimes with over the person or thing supervised. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > be in control [verb (intransitive)] > superintend overseea1425 superintend1883 1508 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 275 Patrick Bell..sal superintend til our fischin of Campsy, and warne ws lawtefully quhen he knawis any falt with the fissaris. 1628 D. Calderwood Pastor & Prelate iv. 48 The Suerintendent was subject to the censure not onely of the nationall, but of the provinciall Kirk, where he superintended. 1678 R. Cudworth tr. in True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 229 They called both the Childbearing of Women, and the Goddesses that superintend over the same Eilithuia or Lucina. 1723 B. Higgons Short View Eng. Hist. 439 The King's Affairs in the West were in the most flourishing Condition, when this great Historian was sent down to superintend. 1783 Trial Lieut. C. Bourne 123 You are perhaps more singularly circumstanced in this particular case, in superintending over the peace of the country. 1833 T. H. Bayly Musings & Prosings 86 She fumes and she frets, and examines, and mends, And she orders about her, and superintends. 1883 G. Moore Mod. Lover I. x. 161 She declared that she was ready to superintend. 1931 R. A. Freeman Pontifex, Son & Thorndyke i. 5 They slid the case into position with extraordinary care while the seedy person stood by to superintend and admonish. 1998 India Today (Nexis) 3 Nov. 34 A statutory body with full authority to superintend over the affairs of the CBI. 2. a. transitive. To exercise supervision over, oversee (a person). Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > superintend > specifically a person to stand over ——OE superintend1564 supervise1618 babysit1973 1564 J. Rastell Confut. Serm. M. Iuell f. 169 He shall be superintended so wiselye, that his aunswer shall not come against me. 1641 R. Brooke Disc. Nature Episcopacie ix. f. 58^v One Apostle was not above another, nor one Pastor did not superintend another. 1662 W. Dugdale Hist. Imbanking & Drayning Fens xlvi. 247 The said Steward of Ely..was to superintend Iohn de Fictone and Adam de Blowere, Assessors and Collectors for the Town of Wygenhale. 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random II. lxii. 52 I can..procure your admission as a noviciate into this convent, where I will superintend and direct you with a truly paternal affection. 1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 77/1 I was his chief gomastah: I used to superintend his other gomastahs, and sometimes write myself. 1842 Geelong Advertiser 24 Oct. 4/3 Every master to maintain a free overseer, or to superintend his prisoner servants himself. 1892 ‘M. Twain’ Amer. Claimant xiv. 152 To superintend a sausage-stuffer at six or eight dollars a week. 1921 E. L. White Andivius Hedulio iii. xxii. 330 We..were told by the sergeant superintending us to strip. 1998 Times of Zambia (Nexis) 20 July I superintend [a] staff of 10 which is too small a number if you consider the amount of work we have to do. b. transitive. To be responsible for the management or arrangement of (an institution, activity, event, organization, etc.); to look after, oversee, supervise. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > superintend overseec1330 overwaitc1449 overlook1532 supervise1566 superintend1596 supravise1604 supervise1653 superinspect1675 intend1791 targe1814 oversight1885 overseer1892 honcho1957 1596 J. Harington New Disc. Aiax 83 Our good Lord Bishops must be made poore Superintendents, that they might superintend the goodly Lordships of rich Bishopricks. c1615 F. Bacon Advice to G. Villiers in Lett. (1872) VI. 22 The King will appoint Commissioners in the nature of a Council, who may superintend the works of this nature, and regulate what concerns the colonies. 1673 Bp. S. Parker Reproof Rehearsal Transprosed 167 To this purpose did our blessed Saviour depute the Apostolical order..to superintend the Affaires of his Holy Catholique Church. 1765 Museum Rusticum 4 420 The appointing proper persons to superintend such gardens or nurseries. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 148 British America is superintended by an officer styled governor general. 1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 70 The lady who superintended the charity-school. 1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. i. x. 80 He could more often escape from public cares to superintend his private interests. 1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. xxiii. 220 The cooks..who superintended the meals of the imperial family. 1909 Chatterbox 27/2 A mistress, in a very quaint bonnet and dress, superintends the sewing class. 1951 D. Cresswell Canterbury Tales 144 Captain Cain lived in a..house on the hill and superintended the whaleboat service. 2000 Times (Nexis) 28 Oct. Superintending the children's bathtime had been Miranda's responsibility. †3. transitive. To keep watch upon or over. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] > watch or observe keepc1000 overseeOE waitc1300 advisec1325 awaita1375 to wait on ——c1384 markc1400 contemplec1429 to keep (also have) an (or one's) eye on (also upon)a1450 to look straitly to?c1450 to wait after ——c1460 vizy1488 contemplatea1533 vise1551 pry?1553 observe1567 eye1592 over-eye?1592 watch1600 outwatch1607 spell1633 superintend1654 under-watch1654 tent1721 evigilate1727 twig1764 stag1796 eye-serve1800 spy1806 deek1825 screw1905 clock1911 1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 188 The eyes of all the earth observe our motion and superintend our actions [Fr. toute la Terre a les yeux sur nous]. 1695 V. Alsop Duty & Interest 28 Let us mingle our Prayers with our Thanksgivings, that the same watchful and faithful eye of Providence would superintend his person still. Derivatives superinˈtended adj. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [adjective] > superintending > superintended superintended1811 1811 Edinb. Ann. Reg. 1809 2 438/2 The toleration of all religions and opinions..and the superintended liberty of the press. 1996 Irish Times (Nexis) 20 July (Suppl.) 3 The bit players in the zealously superintended theatre that is the great Olympic movement. superinˈtending n. ΚΠ 1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons Ep. Ded. sig. *3^v All such great Captaines..haue..established sundrie lawes,..with Officers for the superintending and due execution of the same. 1770 Gentleman's Mag.* 40 369 The Rounders..have the immediate superintending of the watchmen. 1876 Sanitary Rec. 19 Feb. 126/1 The superintending of the operations by Government officers must entail considerable additional expense. 1999 N.Y. Times 4 Nov. f4/1 Superintending is also an occupation that women have broken into. superinˈtending adj. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [adjective] > superintending superintendent1566 supervising1594 architectonical1595 supervisiting1615 superintending1625 architectonic1678 supervisory1815 superintendential1838 supervisal1838 visitatorial1880 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes III. iv. ix. 770 Thus was miserable Russia ground betwixt these two Mill-stones, the pretending Demetrius and the super-intending Pole. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. i. 107 The general superintending power of the legislature in the mother country. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xx. 399 The..coalition..would be..dissolved if his superintending care were withdrawn. 1940 Brit. Red Cross Soc. Cookery & Catering Man. (ed. 4) ii. 16 The superintending cook..is held responsible for the cleanliness and good order of the kitchens. 2010 Birmingham (Alabama) News (Nexis) 23 Oct. f1 They..don't want anyone—especially a superintending deity—telling them what to do. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1508
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