sunkenadj.

Brit.

/ˈsʌŋkən/, U.S.

/ˈsəŋkən/

Forms: see sink v.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English sunken , sink v.

Etymology: < sunken, past participle of sink v. Compare sunk adj. and notes on usage at that entry.

a. That has fallen to the bottom of the sea or other body of water; (more generally) that has fallen below the surface of, or become submerged in, a liquid.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > shipwreck > [adjective] > sinking > sunk

sunken1489

sunk1578

foundered1699

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. l. 417 Iamys of Dowglas..Fand a litill sonkyn bate.

1578 W. Bourne Treasure for Traueilers iv. viii. f.17 Then it will waygh or lyfte the sunken Shyppe from the bottome.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V i. ii. 165 As rich..As is the owse and bottome of the sea With sunken wrack and shiplesse treasurie.

1656 N. Chewney Anti-Socinianism 161 That silly, and shipwrackt Seaman, who dived so long for a piece of his sunken treasure, that he was at once deprived both of life and fortune.

1787 Worcester (Mass.) Mag. Apr. 38/2 The British are fortifying their posts in Canada, and..raising their sunken vessels in the Lake, in order to repair and fit for use.

1861 Athenæum 6 July 17/1 He fights his way to a pair of epaulettes, a beautiful wife, and to all the treasures of a sunken galleon.

1892 Scribner's Mag. Aug. 197/2 All sunken ships in that part of the sea quickly become overladen by thick débris.

1963 Daily Tel. 22 July 11/8 Teams of frogmen and frogwomen from all parts of Britain searched the sea and two lakes yesterday for a trail of clues leading to three sunken ‘treasure’ chests.

2003 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 8 Nov. e2 The modern swizzle stick was invented in the 1930s... One end was pointed to spear sunken olives or cherries.

2010 Art Q. Winter 36/2 Riches salvaged from the sunken wreck of a Spanish Armada ship..which foundered off the north coast of Ireland in 1588.

b. Of rocks, tracts of land, etc.: lying below the level of surrounding water; covered with water, submerged.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being submerged or action of submerging > [adjective]

sunken1578

sunka1584

drowned1616

underwater1627

submersed1684

submerged1697

whelmeda1821

1578 G. Best True Disc. Voy. Discouerie M. Frobisher iii. 44 The Anne Frances came agrounde vppon..a suncken Rocke within the Harborough.

1653 Descr. & Plat Sea-coasts Eng. 7 In the middest of the Havens mouth lyes a suncken rocky and stony ground, which you must avoid.

1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 118 The Tide running rampant, and in a great Swell, every where surrounded with sunken Rocks.

1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. xv. 264 The Bell Rock is a sunken reef, consisting of red sandstone.

1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species xi. 357 In the coral-producing oceans such sunken islands are now marked..by rings of coral or atolls standing over them.

1920 Pacific Islands Pilot (ed. 2) 112 Homedebua Peak bearing 27° will lead midway between Peterson Reefs and the sunken heads extending southwestward from Unda Point.

2015 Austral. Financial Rev. (Nexis) 30 May 16 A lone concrete platform at one end of the sunken reef, built and maintained by the Chinese navy, was the only sign it was an area of strategic interest.

2. Of a person's eyes, cheeks, etc.: having the appearance of having sunk into the face; unusually hollow or deeply set, esp. because of tiredness, illness, or old age. Also: (of a look, glance, etc.) characterized by this appearance. Cf. sunk adj. 2.Much more common than sunk since the middle of the 19th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > [adjective] > in state of ill health or diseased > looking ill

wanc700

sunken?a1505

wersh?a1505

wearisha1535

waryish1565

sunk1578

chap-fallen1597

chop-fallen1604

squalid1661

sallow1747

sallowish1753

peaked1804

shilpit1813

shirpit1821

peely-wally1832

peakish1836

a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid l. 157 in Poems (1981) 116 His ene drowpit, how sonkin in his heid.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 362 A leane cheeke..: a blew eie and sunken .

1688 tr. Elegies of Old Age 12 My sunken Eyes can scarce discover day.

1727 N. Robinson New Method treating Consumptions i. v. 68 This Disposition is most commonly distinguish'd by..a sunken dead Look, through whose Veins the Blood appears of a pale, light, blue Hue.

1799 C. B. Brown Ormond xvii. 197 Her visage was serene, but sunken and pale. Death was in every line of it.

1825 W. Scott Betrothed xiv, in Tales Crusaders II. 289 Her eyes were sunken, and had lost much of their bold and roguish lustre.

1844 E. B. Barrett Poems II. 128 They look up with their pale and sunken faces.

1919 Good Housekeeping July 36/1 Encountering this inexplicable forerunner of a wink in the doctor's deep, sunken glance, she was inclined to be confused.

1952 A. Wilson Hemlock & After i. iii The deep lines in his sunken cheeks seemed to threaten a general subsidence of the whole flesh.

2005 L. Brito in L. Davies Urban Welsh 26 The sunken eyes of elderly shoppers on the supermarket free-bus.

3. figurative. That is in a weakened or diminished condition; spec. (of a person's spirits) depressed, low.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmed or affected detrimentally

annoyedc1330

infectc1384

palledc1390

harmedc1440

hinderedc1440

weakened1548

maimed1570

interessed1598

crazy1601

impaired1611

wronged1632

appaired1637

deboist1641

sunken1642

vitiated1660

crippled1674

wounded1692

etiolated1847

injured1857

murdered1876

dicked-up1967

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > of the heart or spirits

leadya1536

sunk1601

sunken1642

sombrous1751

sombre1821

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 861 The love of God..could not cease, till it had discovered it selfe to poore sunken Adam.

1787 Princ. Brit. Policy v. 59 Let them say—The sunken spirit of this country will hear them patiently,—that every thought of recovering our station in Europe must be abandoned.

1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 267 So gathered the hoarse Northern swarms to descend upon sunken Italy.

1888 R. Bennett Poems & Prose 154 The liquor had the effect of reviving his sunken spirits.

1962 H. H. Hoeltje Inward Sky v. 161 Still, at times, he tried to raise his sunken hopes.

2005 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 20 Nov. a14 Even in our present rather sunken condition of public life, the vast majority of people are prepared to distinguish right from wrong.

2012 Daily Universe (Brigham Young Univ.) (Nexis) 18 Jan. 1 The Events Team is organizing a night of fun and games to lift sunken spirits and take control of January.

a. That has sunk or fallen in below its normal or expected level; subsided.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adjective] > sinking down > that has sunk

subsided1650

sunken1663

settled1751

swagged1825

1663 D. Collins tr. M. P. Escholt Geologia Norvegica v. 46 Some Earthquakes make the earth to sink lower down then it was before: and it never riseth up again, but remains always such a low and sunken Land.

1757 J. Mitchell Contest Amer. between Great Brit. & France iv. 152 The situation of the place in the midst of high mountains, or sunken morasses, on all sides.

1781 R. E. Raspe tr. G. E. Lessing Nathan the Wise v. vi. 96 We found ourselves on the sunken steps of an altar in decay.

1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 418 The Arch of Constantine..stands on a sunken area, enclosed by a wall.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge i. 230 Its floors were sunken and uneven.

1932 Pop. Mech. Feb. 307/2 With the use of a pinch bar or a heavy claw hammer and a woodscrew, sunken floorboards can easily be repaired.

2016 Washington Post (Nexis) 4 Sept. a3 She drove through block after block of unemployed men and women sitting on the front porches of dingy homes with sunken roofs.

b. Hanging limply; drooping; sagging.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > [adjective] > hanging down > drooping or hanging limply

droop?1507

flagging1540

sag1541

lolling1567

flaggy1576

fagged1578

flag1591

drooping1600

slouching1611

emarcid1661

flaggish1669

slouchy1693

tangly1812

sunken1823

adroop1833

saggy1853

loppy1855

floppy1858

drooped1873

flippy-floppy1905

1823 J. Cumberlege tr. Voltaire 7th Canto Henriade 8 Pallid Cowardice, with sunken form [Fr. aux regards abattus], That strives all manly virtue to deform.

1890 A. Conan Doyle White Company xxxviii With crossed ankles and sunken head, he sat as though all his life had passed out of him.

1934 D. Davidson Poems 1922–61 45 The sunken flag would kindle on wild hills, The brooding hearts would waken, and the dream Stir like a crippled phantom under the pines.

2016 Coastal Views (Queensland) (Nexis) 19 Feb. 18 [They] were really dejected at the end of it, walking off with sunken heads.

5. At a lower level than the surrounding area.

a. Designating work produced in various crafts in which depression below the level of a surrounding surface is a feature; made by or used in work of this kind. Cf. sunk adj. 4b.Sunk is more common in this sense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > [adjective]

hollowa1250

holkedc1420

howea1500

deep-set1562

depressed1658

depressc1660

sunken1683

recessed1757

sunk1766

niche-like1841

retreating1878

sucken1878

the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective] > lower in position > than surrounding parts

sunk-in1611

sunk1633

sunken1683

sunken1791

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 153 To make the Face of the Sunken Letter, lie an exact designed depth below the Face of the Matrice, and on all its sides equally deep from the Face of the Matrice.

1836 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. Conjoined Ser. 8 245 A sort of grooved or sunken engraving.

1845 P. Barlow Manuf. in Encycl. Metrop. VIII. 613/1 The Ancients employed a sunken die.

1915 Monumental News Oct. 581/3 The leaves and the sunken decoration are in harmony with other parts of the stone.

1984 Philadelphia Museum of Art Bull. 80 18 The areas of paper pressed into the sunken carving took no color, so that the design was left in white against the colored background.

2006 Islamic Stud. 45 271 The walls of the building were relieved with sunken panels.

b. Constructed below the level of the surrounding land or floor. Frequently in, e.g., sunken bath, sunken living-room (see also sunken storey n., sunken fence n., sunken garden n. at Compounds 2). Cf. sunk adj. 4a.More common than sunk in this sense.Recorded earliest in sunken storey n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective] > lower in position > than surrounding parts

sunk-in1611

sunk1633

sunken1683

sunken1791

1791 J. Bentham Panopticon Postscr. i. xxiii. 319 I leave a round hole, say 4 inches in diameter, passing through the brick-work into the sunken story below.

1863 Communication Street Commissioner 62 The appearance of the Battery is anything but creditable to the city. An old sunken bath is in front of it.

1925 F. S. Fitzgerald Great Gatsby v. 110 Through dressing-rooms and poolrooms, and bathrooms with sunken baths.

1976 M. Machlin Pipeline xxxvii. 408 The entrance hall, which gave onto a white-carpeted, sunken living-room, looked as though a regiment of cavalry had galloped through it.

1985 K. Clark Golden Days x. 155 The next thing they had noticed was the small sunken hot tub bubbling invitingly in one corner.

2016 Times (Nexis) 25 Mar. 9 The Old Rectory..has almost an acre of land, which includes lawns, trees and a sunken courtyard.

c. Military. Designating a gun emplacement or fortification situated below ground level.Recorded earliest in sunken battery n. at Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1817 C. W. Pasley Course Mil. Instr. II. ix. 153 There is another kind of field battery also very frequently used, which is called a sunken battery.

1887 Army & Navy Mag. June 160 The whole arrangement being situated in a pit or sunken emplacement.

1892 G. Philips Text Bk. Fortif. Sandhurst (ed. 5) §569 A sunken caponier tambour.

1916 Providence Mag. May 309/1 The United States guards this strategic base..by mines and sunken fortifications.

1941 Life 6 Oct. 37 (caption) Sunken machine-gun nest, at junction of runways on field.

2012 D. N. Sanders Valley of Hope 411 Rusting anti-aircraft guns, their barrels elevated skyward in never-ending vigilance, sat in sunken emplacements now camouflaged by nature.

6. Of the sun: that has gone down below the horizon, set; (of the day) finished, over, as a result of the setting of the sun.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > sun > solar movement > [adjective] > having set

fallen1635

sunk1737

sunken1798

1798 S. T. Coleridge Nightingale in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 63 No cloud, no relique of the sunken day Distinguishes the West.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality v, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 95 The long train of light that follows the sunken sun.

1880 H. Cresswell Mod. Greek Heroine II. viii. 167 The sky showed every shade of blue, melting from the dark dye of the east to the pale tints fainting into the light above the sunken orb.

1921 S. Sassoon in Literary Digest 7 May 32/2 An oyster-coloured atmospheric rumpus Beats up to blot the sunken daylight's gildings.

2007 N. Gordimer Beethoven was One-sixteenth Black 81 On a terrace the sunken sun sends pale searchlights to touch a valance of clouds here and there.

Compounds

C1. Parasynthetic (in sense 2).

sunken-cheeked adj.

ΚΠ

1832 T. Arnold Dramatic Stories II. 36 A tall, bulky, brawny man—sunken-cheeked, grey-eyed.

1940 K. Roberts Oliver Wiswell xxvii. 238 I pictured sullen, sunken-cheeked militiamen prowling from bush to bush in that dark and watery swamp.

1999 M. Silcott Rave Amer. iii. 89 The typical picture of the hardcore UK raver in this era is one of an emaciated, sunken-cheeked, wild-eyed tweaker, gurning from too many ‘crap Es’.

sunken-chested adj.

ΚΠ

1860 New Albany (Indiana) Daily Ledger 14 Apr. He sees a crowd of high, thin-shouldered, sunken-chested, pale and emaciated men and women, all the various stages of bronchial and pulmonary diseases.

1917 Field Artillery Jrnl. 7 244 We are told that the college men of to-day are, as a class, drooped, round-shouldered, and sunken-chested.

2015 Washington Post (Nexis) 29 June b3 You'll find skinny little dress shirts made for sunken-chested hipsters who are in danger of being carried away by the gust from a passing bus.

sunken-eyed adj.

ΚΠ

1830 G. Griffin Christian Physiologist xii. 251 The drunkard is a lean and sunken-eyed being, the current of whose life is reduced to a poor half-pint.

1931 T. Dreiser Dawn il. 270 The emaciated, sunken-eyed victims of youthful excess..haunted me. For now was I not one of these?

2009 New Statesman (Nexis) 11 May 58 Many had already walked miles to reach Louisburgh..: a sunken-eyed, sallow-cheeked procession of skeletons, dehumanised by starvation.

C2.

sunken battery n. Military (now chiefly historical) a field battery whose emplacement is situated below ground level; cf. sense 5c.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > battery

battery1555

counter-battery1603

swallow's nest1604

field battery1742

radeau1753

guns en barbette1772

half-moon battery1794

sap battery1810

sunken battery1817

screw battery1848

wool-battery1852

masked battery1861

mountain battery1868

machine-gun battery1882

1817 C. W. Pasley Course Mil. Instr. II. ix. 153 There is another kind of field battery also very frequently used, which is called a sunken battery.

1818 E. Lake Jrnl. 23 Apr. (1825) iv. 103 Instead of forming a sunken battery as was intended, we were obliged to construct an elevated one.

1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. viii. 340 The rocky nature of the soil..rendered it necessary to carry up earth for the formation of an elevated, instead of a sunken battery.

2003 C. Henry Brit. Napoleonic Artillery II. 39 A sunken battery, as its name makes clear, was excavated below the level of the ground.

sunken-featured adj. Archaeology designating a dwelling which is partly dug out of the ground, so that the floor is below ground level.

ΚΠ

1973 Lincs. Hist. & Archaeol. 8 61 (title) An excavated Anglo-Saxon sunken-featured building and settlement site at Salmonby, Lincs 1972.

1978 Eng. Hist. Rev. 93 152 The discussion of the early Saxon sunken-featured structures ignores the possibility that these may have been simply pits under the floor of somewhat larger buildings.

2001 Oxoniensia 65 5 The road..has been identified as an 11th-century settlement focus by two fortuitous discoveries: on its east side a small sunken-featured building, and to its west a system of plot-boundaries.

sunken fence n. a ditch with a wall on its inner side below ground level, forming a boundary to a park or garden without interrupting the view; = ha-ha n.² a; cf. sunk fence n. at sunk adj. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1793 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 1073/1 Making a sunken fence for the improvement of the prospect from the great dining-room.

1897 Lady's Realm 2 416/2 In the big graveyard, which was surrounded by a sunken fence, the mounds lay closely together.

2007 F. Delaney Tipperary 277 After the gardens, I went on a tour of the four sunken fences that border the house at a distance.

sunken-floored adj. having a sunken floor; esp. (Archaeology) designating a dwelling which is partly dug out of the ground, so that the floor is below ground level.

ΚΠ

1903 Z. A. Norris Color of his Soul 84 Unable to endure the sight of the interior, sunken floored, low ceilinged, reeking with uncleanliness, I walked to the window and looked out over the roofs.

1977 Britannia 8 383 Two other sunken-floored structures of the second half of the third century had similar orientations.

2002 H. Hamerow Early Medieval Settlements ii. 34 Sunken-floored dwellings were also known in nineteenth-century Somerset.

sunken garden n. a garden that lies below the general level of its surroundings, often as a feature within a larger garden or park.

ΚΠ

1849 Mirror Monthly Mag. Feb. 140 Although the large splashing fountains, the gilded columns, the sunken gardens with stone balustrades, are all remarkably pretty in their way, I consider myself rather more worth looking at than any of them.

1942 E. Waugh Put out More Flags ii. 110 The stream had been diverted, the old mill pool drained and levelled and made into a sunken garden.

2013 D. Solomon Amer. Mirror ix. 115 The living room opened onto a wide terrace that overlooked a sunken garden composed of hundreds of pink and red rosebushes.

sunken storey n. a storey of a building below ground level; a basement.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > floor or storey > below ground level

basement1730

sunk storey1769

below stairs1771

sunken storey1791

1791 J. Bentham Panopticon Postscr. i. xxiii. 319 I leave a round hole, say 4 inches in diameter, passing through the brick-work into the sunken story below.

1860 Illustr. London News 25 Feb. 187/3 Unless the window be on the sunken story.

1906 K. Tynan Story of Bawn 205 I saw now that there was a sunken storey with a sort of area that ran all round the house.

1998 B. Cherry Pevsner's London 4: North 272 The building ingeniously extends N with two sunken storeys below a lawn on a level with the S cloister.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sunken
释义	sunkenadj. Brit. /ˈsʌŋkən/, U.S. /ˈsəŋkən/ Forms: see sink v. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English sunken , sink v. Etymology: < sunken, past participle of sink v. Compare sunk adj. and notes on usage at that entry. 1. a. That has fallen to the bottom of the sea or other body of water; (more generally) that has fallen below the surface of, or become submerged in, a liquid. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > shipwreck > [adjective] > sinking > sunk sunken1489 sunk1578 foundered1699 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. l. 417 Iamys of Dowglas..Fand a litill sonkyn bate. 1578 W. Bourne Treasure for Traueilers iv. viii. f.17 Then it will waygh or lyfte the sunken Shyppe from the bottome. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V i. ii. 165 As rich..As is the owse and bottome of the sea With sunken wrack and shiplesse treasurie. 1656 N. Chewney Anti-Socinianism 161 That silly, and shipwrackt Seaman, who dived so long for a piece of his sunken treasure, that he was at once deprived both of life and fortune. 1787 Worcester (Mass.) Mag. Apr. 38/2 The British are fortifying their posts in Canada, and..raising their sunken vessels in the Lake, in order to repair and fit for use. 1861 Athenæum 6 July 17/1 He fights his way to a pair of epaulettes, a beautiful wife, and to all the treasures of a sunken galleon. 1892 Scribner's Mag. Aug. 197/2 All sunken ships in that part of the sea quickly become overladen by thick débris. 1963 Daily Tel. 22 July 11/8 Teams of frogmen and frogwomen from all parts of Britain searched the sea and two lakes yesterday for a trail of clues leading to three sunken ‘treasure’ chests. 2003 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 8 Nov. e2 The modern swizzle stick was invented in the 1930s... One end was pointed to spear sunken olives or cherries. 2010 Art Q. Winter 36/2 Riches salvaged from the sunken wreck of a Spanish Armada ship..which foundered off the north coast of Ireland in 1588. b. Of rocks, tracts of land, etc.: lying below the level of surrounding water; covered with water, submerged. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being submerged or action of submerging > [adjective] sunken1578 sunka1584 drowned1616 underwater1627 submersed1684 submerged1697 whelmeda1821 1578 G. Best True Disc. Voy. Discouerie M. Frobisher iii. 44 The Anne Frances came agrounde vppon..a suncken Rocke within the Harborough. 1653 Descr. & Plat Sea-coasts Eng. 7 In the middest of the Havens mouth lyes a suncken rocky and stony ground, which you must avoid. 1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 118 The Tide running rampant, and in a great Swell, every where surrounded with sunken Rocks. 1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. xv. 264 The Bell Rock is a sunken reef, consisting of red sandstone. 1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species xi. 357 In the coral-producing oceans such sunken islands are now marked..by rings of coral or atolls standing over them. 1920 Pacific Islands Pilot (ed. 2) 112 Homedebua Peak bearing 27° will lead midway between Peterson Reefs and the sunken heads extending southwestward from Unda Point. 2015 Austral. Financial Rev. (Nexis) 30 May 16 A lone concrete platform at one end of the sunken reef, built and maintained by the Chinese navy, was the only sign it was an area of strategic interest. 2. Of a person's eyes, cheeks, etc.: having the appearance of having sunk into the face; unusually hollow or deeply set, esp. because of tiredness, illness, or old age. Also: (of a look, glance, etc.) characterized by this appearance. Cf. sunk adj. 2.Much more common than sunk since the middle of the 19th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > [adjective] > in state of ill health or diseased > looking ill wanc700 sunken?a1505 wersh?a1505 wearisha1535 waryish1565 sunk1578 chap-fallen1597 chop-fallen1604 squalid1661 sallow1747 sallowish1753 peaked1804 shilpit1813 shirpit1821 peely-wally1832 peakish1836 a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid l. 157 in Poems (1981) 116 His ene drowpit, how sonkin in his heid. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 362 A leane cheeke..: a blew eie and sunken . View more context for this quotation 1688 tr. Elegies of Old Age 12 My sunken Eyes can scarce discover day. 1727 N. Robinson New Method treating Consumptions i. v. 68 This Disposition is most commonly distinguish'd by..a sunken dead Look, through whose Veins the Blood appears of a pale, light, blue Hue. 1799 C. B. Brown Ormond xvii. 197 Her visage was serene, but sunken and pale. Death was in every line of it. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed xiv, in Tales Crusaders II. 289 Her eyes were sunken, and had lost much of their bold and roguish lustre. 1844 E. B. Barrett Poems II. 128 They look up with their pale and sunken faces. 1919 Good Housekeeping July 36/1 Encountering this inexplicable forerunner of a wink in the doctor's deep, sunken glance, she was inclined to be confused. 1952 A. Wilson Hemlock & After i. iii The deep lines in his sunken cheeks seemed to threaten a general subsidence of the whole flesh. 2005 L. Brito in L. Davies Urban Welsh 26 The sunken eyes of elderly shoppers on the supermarket free-bus. 3. figurative. That is in a weakened or diminished condition; spec. (of a person's spirits) depressed, low. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmed or affected detrimentally annoyedc1330 infectc1384 palledc1390 harmedc1440 hinderedc1440 weakened1548 maimed1570 interessed1598 crazy1601 impaired1611 wronged1632 appaired1637 deboist1641 sunken1642 vitiated1660 crippled1674 wounded1692 etiolated1847 injured1857 murdered1876 dicked-up1967 the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > of the heart or spirits leadya1536 sunk1601 sunken1642 sombrous1751 sombre1821 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 861 The love of God..could not cease, till it had discovered it selfe to poore sunken Adam. 1787 Princ. Brit. Policy v. 59 Let them say—The sunken spirit of this country will hear them patiently,—that every thought of recovering our station in Europe must be abandoned. 1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 267 So gathered the hoarse Northern swarms to descend upon sunken Italy. 1888 R. Bennett Poems & Prose 154 The liquor had the effect of reviving his sunken spirits. 1962 H. H. Hoeltje Inward Sky v. 161 Still, at times, he tried to raise his sunken hopes. 2005 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 20 Nov. a14 Even in our present rather sunken condition of public life, the vast majority of people are prepared to distinguish right from wrong. 2012 Daily Universe (Brigham Young Univ.) (Nexis) 18 Jan. 1 The Events Team is organizing a night of fun and games to lift sunken spirits and take control of January. 4. a. That has sunk or fallen in below its normal or expected level; subsided. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adjective] > sinking down > that has sunk subsided1650 sunken1663 settled1751 swagged1825 1663 D. Collins tr. M. P. Escholt Geologia Norvegica v. 46 Some Earthquakes make the earth to sink lower down then it was before: and it never riseth up again, but remains always such a low and sunken Land. 1757 J. Mitchell Contest Amer. between Great Brit. & France iv. 152 The situation of the place in the midst of high mountains, or sunken morasses, on all sides. 1781 R. E. Raspe tr. G. E. Lessing Nathan the Wise v. vi. 96 We found ourselves on the sunken steps of an altar in decay. 1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 418 The Arch of Constantine..stands on a sunken area, enclosed by a wall. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge i. 230 Its floors were sunken and uneven. 1932 Pop. Mech. Feb. 307/2 With the use of a pinch bar or a heavy claw hammer and a woodscrew, sunken floorboards can easily be repaired. 2016 Washington Post (Nexis) 4 Sept. a3 She drove through block after block of unemployed men and women sitting on the front porches of dingy homes with sunken roofs. b. Hanging limply; drooping; sagging. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > [adjective] > hanging down > drooping or hanging limply droop?1507 flagging1540 sag1541 lolling1567 flaggy1576 fagged1578 flag1591 drooping1600 slouching1611 emarcid1661 flaggish1669 slouchy1693 tangly1812 sunken1823 adroop1833 saggy1853 loppy1855 floppy1858 drooped1873 flippy-floppy1905 1823 J. Cumberlege tr. Voltaire 7th Canto Henriade 8 Pallid Cowardice, with sunken form [Fr. aux regards abattus], That strives all manly virtue to deform. 1890 A. Conan Doyle White Company xxxviii With crossed ankles and sunken head, he sat as though all his life had passed out of him. 1934 D. Davidson Poems 1922–61 45 The sunken flag would kindle on wild hills, The brooding hearts would waken, and the dream Stir like a crippled phantom under the pines. 2016 Coastal Views (Queensland) (Nexis) 19 Feb. 18 [They] were really dejected at the end of it, walking off with sunken heads. 5. At a lower level than the surrounding area. a. Designating work produced in various crafts in which depression below the level of a surrounding surface is a feature; made by or used in work of this kind. Cf. sunk adj. 4b.Sunk is more common in this sense. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > [adjective] hollowa1250 holkedc1420 howea1500 deep-set1562 depressed1658 depressc1660 sunken1683 recessed1757 sunk1766 niche-like1841 retreating1878 sucken1878 the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective] > lower in position > than surrounding parts sunk-in1611 sunk1633 sunken1683 sunken1791 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 153 To make the Face of the Sunken Letter, lie an exact designed depth below the Face of the Matrice, and on all its sides equally deep from the Face of the Matrice. 1836 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. Conjoined Ser. 8 245 A sort of grooved or sunken engraving. 1845 P. Barlow Manuf. in Encycl. Metrop. VIII. 613/1 The Ancients employed a sunken die. 1915 Monumental News Oct. 581/3 The leaves and the sunken decoration are in harmony with other parts of the stone. 1984 Philadelphia Museum of Art Bull. 80 18 The areas of paper pressed into the sunken carving took no color, so that the design was left in white against the colored background. 2006 Islamic Stud. 45 271 The walls of the building were relieved with sunken panels. b. Constructed below the level of the surrounding land or floor. Frequently in, e.g., sunken bath, sunken living-room (see also sunken storey n., sunken fence n., sunken garden n. at Compounds 2). Cf. sunk adj. 4a.More common than sunk in this sense.Recorded earliest in sunken storey n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective] > lower in position > than surrounding parts sunk-in1611 sunk1633 sunken1683 sunken1791 1791 J. Bentham Panopticon Postscr. i. xxiii. 319 I leave a round hole, say 4 inches in diameter, passing through the brick-work into the sunken story below. 1863 Communication Street Commissioner 62 The appearance of the Battery is anything but creditable to the city. An old sunken bath is in front of it. 1925 F. S. Fitzgerald Great Gatsby v. 110 Through dressing-rooms and poolrooms, and bathrooms with sunken baths. 1976 M. Machlin Pipeline xxxvii. 408 The entrance hall, which gave onto a white-carpeted, sunken living-room, looked as though a regiment of cavalry had galloped through it. 1985 K. Clark Golden Days x. 155 The next thing they had noticed was the small sunken hot tub bubbling invitingly in one corner. 2016 Times (Nexis) 25 Mar. 9 The Old Rectory..has almost an acre of land, which includes lawns, trees and a sunken courtyard. c. Military. Designating a gun emplacement or fortification situated below ground level.Recorded earliest in sunken battery n. at Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1817 C. W. Pasley Course Mil. Instr. II. ix. 153 There is another kind of field battery also very frequently used, which is called a sunken battery. 1887 Army & Navy Mag. June 160 The whole arrangement being situated in a pit or sunken emplacement. 1892 G. Philips Text Bk. Fortif. Sandhurst (ed. 5) §569 A sunken caponier tambour. 1916 Providence Mag. May 309/1 The United States guards this strategic base..by mines and sunken fortifications. 1941 Life 6 Oct. 37 (caption) Sunken machine-gun nest, at junction of runways on field. 2012 D. N. Sanders Valley of Hope 411 Rusting anti-aircraft guns, their barrels elevated skyward in never-ending vigilance, sat in sunken emplacements now camouflaged by nature. 6. Of the sun: that has gone down below the horizon, set; (of the day) finished, over, as a result of the setting of the sun. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > sun > solar movement > [adjective] > having set fallen1635 sunk1737 sunken1798 1798 S. T. Coleridge Nightingale in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 63 No cloud, no relique of the sunken day Distinguishes the West. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality v, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 95 The long train of light that follows the sunken sun. 1880 H. Cresswell Mod. Greek Heroine II. viii. 167 The sky showed every shade of blue, melting from the dark dye of the east to the pale tints fainting into the light above the sunken orb. 1921 S. Sassoon in Literary Digest 7 May 32/2 An oyster-coloured atmospheric rumpus Beats up to blot the sunken daylight's gildings. 2007 N. Gordimer Beethoven was One-sixteenth Black 81 On a terrace the sunken sun sends pale searchlights to touch a valance of clouds here and there. Compounds C1. Parasynthetic (in sense 2). sunken-cheeked adj. ΚΠ 1832 T. Arnold Dramatic Stories II. 36 A tall, bulky, brawny man—sunken-cheeked, grey-eyed. 1940 K. Roberts Oliver Wiswell xxvii. 238 I pictured sullen, sunken-cheeked militiamen prowling from bush to bush in that dark and watery swamp. 1999 M. Silcott Rave Amer. iii. 89 The typical picture of the hardcore UK raver in this era is one of an emaciated, sunken-cheeked, wild-eyed tweaker, gurning from too many ‘crap Es’. sunken-chested adj. ΚΠ 1860 New Albany (Indiana) Daily Ledger 14 Apr. He sees a crowd of high, thin-shouldered, sunken-chested, pale and emaciated men and women, all the various stages of bronchial and pulmonary diseases. 1917 Field Artillery Jrnl. 7 244 We are told that the college men of to-day are, as a class, drooped, round-shouldered, and sunken-chested. 2015 Washington Post (Nexis) 29 June b3 You'll find skinny little dress shirts made for sunken-chested hipsters who are in danger of being carried away by the gust from a passing bus. sunken-eyed adj. ΚΠ 1830 G. Griffin Christian Physiologist xii. 251 The drunkard is a lean and sunken-eyed being, the current of whose life is reduced to a poor half-pint. 1931 T. Dreiser Dawn il. 270 The emaciated, sunken-eyed victims of youthful excess..haunted me. For now was I not one of these? 2009 New Statesman (Nexis) 11 May 58 Many had already walked miles to reach Louisburgh..: a sunken-eyed, sallow-cheeked procession of skeletons, dehumanised by starvation. C2. sunken battery n. Military (now chiefly historical) a field battery whose emplacement is situated below ground level; cf. sense 5c. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > battery battery1555 counter-battery1603 swallow's nest1604 field battery1742 radeau1753 guns en barbette1772 half-moon battery1794 sap battery1810 sunken battery1817 screw battery1848 wool-battery1852 masked battery1861 mountain battery1868 machine-gun battery1882 1817 C. W. Pasley Course Mil. Instr. II. ix. 153 There is another kind of field battery also very frequently used, which is called a sunken battery. 1818 E. Lake Jrnl. 23 Apr. (1825) iv. 103 Instead of forming a sunken battery as was intended, we were obliged to construct an elevated one. 1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. viii. 340 The rocky nature of the soil..rendered it necessary to carry up earth for the formation of an elevated, instead of a sunken battery. 2003 C. Henry Brit. Napoleonic Artillery II. 39 A sunken battery, as its name makes clear, was excavated below the level of the ground. sunken-featured adj. Archaeology designating a dwelling which is partly dug out of the ground, so that the floor is below ground level. ΚΠ 1973 Lincs. Hist. & Archaeol. 8 61 (title) An excavated Anglo-Saxon sunken-featured building and settlement site at Salmonby, Lincs 1972. 1978 Eng. Hist. Rev. 93 152 The discussion of the early Saxon sunken-featured structures ignores the possibility that these may have been simply pits under the floor of somewhat larger buildings. 2001 Oxoniensia 65 5 The road..has been identified as an 11th-century settlement focus by two fortuitous discoveries: on its east side a small sunken-featured building, and to its west a system of plot-boundaries. sunken fence n. a ditch with a wall on its inner side below ground level, forming a boundary to a park or garden without interrupting the view; = ha-ha n.² a; cf. sunk fence n. at sunk adj. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1793 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 1073/1 Making a sunken fence for the improvement of the prospect from the great dining-room. 1897 Lady's Realm 2 416/2 In the big graveyard, which was surrounded by a sunken fence, the mounds lay closely together. 2007 F. Delaney Tipperary 277 After the gardens, I went on a tour of the four sunken fences that border the house at a distance. sunken-floored adj. having a sunken floor; esp. (Archaeology) designating a dwelling which is partly dug out of the ground, so that the floor is below ground level. ΚΠ 1903 Z. A. Norris Color of his Soul 84 Unable to endure the sight of the interior, sunken floored, low ceilinged, reeking with uncleanliness, I walked to the window and looked out over the roofs. 1977 Britannia 8 383 Two other sunken-floored structures of the second half of the third century had similar orientations. 2002 H. Hamerow Early Medieval Settlements ii. 34 Sunken-floored dwellings were also known in nineteenth-century Somerset. sunken garden n. a garden that lies below the general level of its surroundings, often as a feature within a larger garden or park. ΚΠ 1849 Mirror Monthly Mag. Feb. 140 Although the large splashing fountains, the gilded columns, the sunken gardens with stone balustrades, are all remarkably pretty in their way, I consider myself rather more worth looking at than any of them. 1942 E. Waugh Put out More Flags ii. 110 The stream had been diverted, the old mill pool drained and levelled and made into a sunken garden. 2013 D. Solomon Amer. Mirror ix. 115 The living room opened onto a wide terrace that overlooked a sunken garden composed of hundreds of pink and red rosebushes. sunken storey n. a storey of a building below ground level; a basement. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > floor or storey > below ground level basement1730 sunk storey1769 below stairs1771 sunken storey1791 1791 J. Bentham Panopticon Postscr. i. xxiii. 319 I leave a round hole, say 4 inches in diameter, passing through the brick-work into the sunken story below. 1860 Illustr. London News 25 Feb. 187/3 Unless the window be on the sunken story. 1906 K. Tynan Story of Bawn 205 I saw now that there was a sunken storey with a sort of area that ran all round the house. 1998 B. Cherry Pevsner's London 4: North 272 The building ingeniously extends N with two sunken storeys below a lawn on a level with the S cloister. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1489
随便看	to have law to do to have left to have legs to have liefer to have light fingers to have little miss of to have little price of to have little price upon to have little, no scruple to have livery to have long hands to have lot to have lot and cavel to have lot and dole to have many irons in the fire to have many words to have marvel to have maugre to have meaning of to have meaning on to have memory to have memory of to have merchant's ears to have mercy to have mercy of