suppletiveadj.n.

Brit.

/səˈpliːtɪv/,

/ˈsʌplᵻtɪv/, U.S.

/səˈplidɪv/,

/ˈsəplədɪv/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin suppletivus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin suppletivus supplementary, complementary (4th cent.) < classical Latin supplēt- , past participial stem of supplēre supply v.¹ + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare Middle French, French supplétif , adjective (in law) that is added to a preceding clause or regulation (1539), (in grammar) (of a word) that completes the sense of the principal word (1789). Compare slightly earlier suppletory adj.

A. adj.

1. That makes good a deficiency; supplementary; = suppletory adj. With to, †of.In quot. 1633 = auxiliary adj. 1c; in quot. 1666 ‘added for euphony or to fill out a sentence, etc.’ (cf. expletive adj. 1a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adjective] > making complete > by supplying what is wanting

supplemental1605

supplianta1616

suppletorya1631

suppletive1633

expletive1652

eking1653

supplementary1667

makeweight1701

suppl.1800

supplementing1851

make-up1885

add-on1955

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [adjective] > other specific types of verb

commonc1450

personal?1482

perfect1530

valuative1566

suppletive1633

auxiliary1751

active-passive1859

mutative1866

preterito-presential1875

preterite-present1888

passival1892

preteritive present1894

applicative1903

injunctive1910

activo-passive1927

ornative1934

eventive1946

notional1957

non-factive1969

contrafactive1979

1633 C. Butler Eng. Gram. iii. §3. 42 Of ðese Cases, and ðe suppletive verbs, ar made ðe voices, moodes, tenses, persons, and numbers, of verbs absolute.

1639 W. Balcanquhall Large Declar. Tumults Scotl. 253 In case of negligence, it is Suppletive in the collective bodie, as being communicate from the Commontie to the King, Cumulative not Privative: but also in case of maladministration, to returne to the collective bodie.

1660 Scutum Regale: Royal Buckler 71 The people..still retaining the same [government] in the collective body, that is to say, in themselves suppletive.

1666 J. Eliot Indian Gram. Begun 6 Suppletive Syllables which are of no signification.

1739 J. Mawer Let. 13 Feb. in Lett. in Answer to Queries (1758) iii. 23 The suppletive Apocalyps, in the printed Books.

1772 tr. Bébescourt Truth I. iii. 36 How could men avoid applying themselves to the Conformation of characters which might of themselves become suppletive of Truth?

1816 J. Bentham Extract Constit. Code: Official Aptitude Maximized 52 His functions will be exercised by a depute of his, as per Ch. viii. Prime Minister, §4. Self-suppletive Function.

1862 F. Hall tr. N. N. Gore Rational Refut. Hindu Philos. Syst. 53 Cognition is here denoted by the suppletive expression after ‘will’.

1886 Hebraica 2 108 The subject properly precedes the verb, because the main emphasis is thrown upon the former, and the latter is merely suppletive to the general idea.

1927 Studies 16 221 The rights of parents to perform their primary functions are made more sacred and inviolable; while at the same time the rights of the state to perform its suppletive functions are also reinforced.

1994 M. Greenleaf Pushkin & Romantic Fashion v. 213 The ‘Journey’ parodies the suppletive relationship between shadowy Childe Harold and garrulous author that was the distinctive feature of the work.

2008 M. B. Forcier & J.-F. Morin in Y. Gendreau Emerging Intellect. Prop. Paradigm i. v. 87 What distinguishes Canada from other countries is the federal government's direct price control, which is suppletive to provincial price regulations and exclusive to patented drugs.

2. Linguistics. Displaying suppletion; replacing, and unrelated to, a missing form in a paradigm.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [adjective] > replacing missing form in paradigm

suppletive1900

1900 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 21 475 ‘Suppletory’ or ‘suppletive’ is a better term than defective.

1926 L. Bloomfield in Language 2 161 If in a construction all the component forms are irregular, the whole form is suppletive. If go be taken as the stem of the verb, then the past went is suppletive.

1934 R. C. Priebsch & W. E. Collinson German Lang. ii. ii. 140 For the suppletive comparatives and superlatives cf. the Germanic section.

1957 S. Potter Mod. Ling. iv. 101 Aller is suppletive (aller, vais, irai).

1976 J. S. Gruber Lexical Struct. Syntax & Semantics ii. ii. 303 The past tense is not used in those cases in which we have a suppletive form.

2006 T. E. Payne Exploring Lang. Struct. v. 138 The form [-ən] is an allomorph of the morpheme plural, just as [-s], [-iz], and [-z] are. However [-ən] cannot be related phonologically to the others at all. Therefore it is a suppletive allomorph.

B. n.

†1. A syllable added for euphony or to fill out a sentence, etc. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > syllabic sound > syllable > type of

breve1548

brief?1560

suppletive1666

alienisparsison1856

fortisparsison1856

gravisparsison1856

closed syllable1881

nonsense syllable1885

pre-head1958

1666 J. Eliot Indian Gram. Begun 23 Other Languages have their significant suppletives for Elegancy: and some of our English Writers begin so to use [Why], but I conceive it to be a mistake. Our suppletive is rather [Weh], and [Why] is a significant word... It is seldome an Elegancy, to make a significant word a meer suppletive.

2. Linguistics. A suppletive form or paradigm.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] > paradigm > replacement of missing form in > replaced form

suppletive1933

1933 Language 9 83 ‘Buy’..appears only in the aorist, serving as suppletive to the present and imperfect of ὠνέομαι.

1972 J. A. Kerns & B. Schwartz Sketch Indo-European Finite Verb iv. viii. 61 There are a good many stem-system suppletives, and a few verbs with individual irregularities in stem formation or inflection.

2007 J. C. L. Ingram Neurolinguistics iii. ix. 184 Three different learning mechanisms may be needed, one for each type: a kind of ‘rote learning’ of exceptional forms in the case of suppletives, [etc.].

Derivatives

suˈppletively adv. [compare post-classical Latin suppletive (14th cent. in a British source)]

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > so as to complete > by supplying what is wanting

suppletively1644

1644 J. Maxwell Sacro-sancta Regum Majestas x. 104 This tenet, that a King hath his Soveraigne power, communicativé, not privativé, from the people, that he is so invested with it, that the people have it habitually, suppletively, and may resume it in some exigent cases.

1894 Presbyterian Q. Oct. 512 The two distinct methods of criticism, the linguistic and the historical or comparative, are most conclusive when used suppletively.

1914 L. Bloomfield Introd. Study Lang. v. 166 Thus we see, in our survey of morphology, the most varied types of expression: first, the unit word, which, if classed at all with any other, must be suppletively classed, in the manner of go: went; then the inflected word, [etc.]

1978 E. V. Clark in J. H. Greenberg et al. Universals Human Lang. IV. 101 Where these verbs have defective conjugations, other verbs maybe used suppletively to make up the paradigm of different tenses.

2009 P. Durkin Oxf. Guide Etymol. ii. 41 The adjective in the general sense ‘bad’ to which they [sc. worse and worst] correspond (again suppletively) as comparative and superlative in Old English is yfel (modern English evil).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	suppletive
释义	suppletiveadj.n. Brit. /səˈpliːtɪv/, /ˈsʌplᵻtɪv/, U.S. /səˈplidɪv/, /ˈsəplədɪv/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin suppletivus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin suppletivus supplementary, complementary (4th cent.) < classical Latin supplēt- , past participial stem of supplēre supply v.¹ + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare Middle French, French supplétif , adjective (in law) that is added to a preceding clause or regulation (1539), (in grammar) (of a word) that completes the sense of the principal word (1789). Compare slightly earlier suppletory adj. A. adj. 1. That makes good a deficiency; supplementary; = suppletory adj. With to, †of.In quot. 1633 = auxiliary adj. 1c; in quot. 1666 ‘added for euphony or to fill out a sentence, etc.’ (cf. expletive adj. 1a). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adjective] > making complete > by supplying what is wanting supplemental1605 supplianta1616 suppletorya1631 suppletive1633 expletive1652 eking1653 supplementary1667 makeweight1701 suppl.1800 supplementing1851 make-up1885 add-on1955 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [adjective] > other specific types of verb commonc1450 personal?1482 perfect1530 valuative1566 suppletive1633 auxiliary1751 active-passive1859 mutative1866 preterito-presential1875 preterite-present1888 passival1892 preteritive present1894 applicative1903 injunctive1910 activo-passive1927 ornative1934 eventive1946 notional1957 non-factive1969 contrafactive1979 1633 C. Butler Eng. Gram. iii. §3. 42 Of ðese Cases, and ðe suppletive verbs, ar made ðe voices, moodes, tenses, persons, and numbers, of verbs absolute. 1639 W. Balcanquhall Large Declar. Tumults Scotl. 253 In case of negligence, it is Suppletive in the collective bodie, as being communicate from the Commontie to the King, Cumulative not Privative: but also in case of maladministration, to returne to the collective bodie. 1660 Scutum Regale: Royal Buckler 71 The people..still retaining the same [government] in the collective body, that is to say, in themselves suppletive. 1666 J. Eliot Indian Gram. Begun 6 Suppletive Syllables which are of no signification. 1739 J. Mawer Let. 13 Feb. in Lett. in Answer to Queries (1758) iii. 23 The suppletive Apocalyps, in the printed Books. 1772 tr. Bébescourt Truth I. iii. 36 How could men avoid applying themselves to the Conformation of characters which might of themselves become suppletive of Truth? 1816 J. Bentham Extract Constit. Code: Official Aptitude Maximized 52 His functions will be exercised by a depute of his, as per Ch. viii. Prime Minister, §4. Self-suppletive Function. 1862 F. Hall tr. N. N. Gore Rational Refut. Hindu Philos. Syst. 53 Cognition is here denoted by the suppletive expression after ‘will’. 1886 Hebraica 2 108 The subject properly precedes the verb, because the main emphasis is thrown upon the former, and the latter is merely suppletive to the general idea. 1927 Studies 16 221 The rights of parents to perform their primary functions are made more sacred and inviolable; while at the same time the rights of the state to perform its suppletive functions are also reinforced. 1994 M. Greenleaf Pushkin & Romantic Fashion v. 213 The ‘Journey’ parodies the suppletive relationship between shadowy Childe Harold and garrulous author that was the distinctive feature of the work. 2008 M. B. Forcier & J.-F. Morin in Y. Gendreau Emerging Intellect. Prop. Paradigm i. v. 87 What distinguishes Canada from other countries is the federal government's direct price control, which is suppletive to provincial price regulations and exclusive to patented drugs. 2. Linguistics. Displaying suppletion; replacing, and unrelated to, a missing form in a paradigm. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [adjective] > replacing missing form in paradigm suppletive1900 1900 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 21 475 ‘Suppletory’ or ‘suppletive’ is a better term than defective. 1926 L. Bloomfield in Language 2 161 If in a construction all the component forms are irregular, the whole form is suppletive. If go be taken as the stem of the verb, then the past went is suppletive. 1934 R. C. Priebsch & W. E. Collinson German Lang. ii. ii. 140 For the suppletive comparatives and superlatives cf. the Germanic section. 1957 S. Potter Mod. Ling. iv. 101 Aller is suppletive (aller, vais, irai). 1976 J. S. Gruber Lexical Struct. Syntax & Semantics ii. ii. 303 The past tense is not used in those cases in which we have a suppletive form. 2006 T. E. Payne Exploring Lang. Struct. v. 138 The form [-ən] is an allomorph of the morpheme plural, just as [-s], [-iz], and [-z] are. However [-ən] cannot be related phonologically to the others at all. Therefore it is a suppletive allomorph. B. n. †1. A syllable added for euphony or to fill out a sentence, etc. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > syllabic sound > syllable > type of breve1548 brief?1560 suppletive1666 alienisparsison1856 fortisparsison1856 gravisparsison1856 closed syllable1881 nonsense syllable1885 pre-head1958 1666 J. Eliot Indian Gram. Begun 23 Other Languages have their significant suppletives for Elegancy: and some of our English Writers begin so to use [Why], but I conceive it to be a mistake. Our suppletive is rather [Weh], and [Why] is a significant word... It is seldome an Elegancy, to make a significant word a meer suppletive. 2. Linguistics. A suppletive form or paradigm. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] > paradigm > replacement of missing form in > replaced form suppletive1933 1933 Language 9 83 ‘Buy’..appears only in the aorist, serving as suppletive to the present and imperfect of ὠνέομαι. 1972 J. A. Kerns & B. Schwartz Sketch Indo-European Finite Verb iv. viii. 61 There are a good many stem-system suppletives, and a few verbs with individual irregularities in stem formation or inflection. 2007 J. C. L. Ingram Neurolinguistics iii. ix. 184 Three different learning mechanisms may be needed, one for each type: a kind of ‘rote learning’ of exceptional forms in the case of suppletives, [etc.]. Derivatives suˈppletively adv. [compare post-classical Latin suppletive (14th cent. in a British source)] ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > so as to complete > by supplying what is wanting suppletively1644 1644 J. Maxwell Sacro-sancta Regum Majestas x. 104 This tenet, that a King hath his Soveraigne power, communicativé, not privativé, from the people, that he is so invested with it, that the people have it habitually, suppletively, and may resume it in some exigent cases. 1894 Presbyterian Q. Oct. 512 The two distinct methods of criticism, the linguistic and the historical or comparative, are most conclusive when used suppletively. 1914 L. Bloomfield Introd. Study Lang. v. 166 Thus we see, in our survey of morphology, the most varied types of expression: first, the unit word, which, if classed at all with any other, must be suppletively classed, in the manner of go: went; then the inflected word, [etc.] 1978 E. V. Clark in J. H. Greenberg et al. Universals Human Lang. IV. 101 Where these verbs have defective conjugations, other verbs maybe used suppletively to make up the paradigm of different tenses. 2009 P. Durkin Oxf. Guide Etymol. ii. 41 The adjective in the general sense ‘bad’ to which they [sc. worse and worst] correspond (again suppletively) as comparative and superlative in Old English is yfel (modern English evil). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1633
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