单词 | superordinate |
释义 | superordinateadj.n. Frequently opposed to subordinate adj., n., and adv. A. adj. 1. Superior in rank, position, or power (to someone or something else); of a higher order. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > [adjective] > superior greata1382 higha1400 seniora1513 superordinate1615 high-ranking1850 society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > [adjective] > superior in rank highereOE furtherc1000 superior1483 superordinate1615 precedential1836 upscale1966 1615 H. Ainsworth in J. Ainsworth Trying out of Truth 77 If Peter was but subordinate (as you say) to Christ; your Popes (I trow) be now superordinate. 1676 R. Baxter Judgm. Non-conformists 110 Humane Churches be not made equal and co-ordinate to the Divine, much less superior, and superordinate. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. ix. 719 Whatsoever patronage is in the hands of the subordinate and obeying body, in reality belongs to the superordinate and commanding. 1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. I. i. v. 59 The judge of appeal, superordinate to the judge first spoken of. 1954 Theology 58 326 It would not necessarily be apparent which was the subordinate and which the superordinate sex. 1974 W. Rees-Mogg Reigning Error i. 21 Only those who appreciate my superordinate quality are fit to live in our new world of Nazism/Fascism/Soviet Communism. 2005 J. M. Croteau & M. G. Constantine in J. M. Croteau et al. Deconstructing Heterosexism 179 I cannot think that my race is always superordinate to my sexual orientation in the sense of psychological salience. 2. a. Logic and Linguistics. Belonging to a higher order or category within a particular system of classification. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical classification > [adjective] > relating to categories > of relations between categories subalternate1599 superordinate1817 1817 J. Bentham Chrestomathia Pt. II 225 The pairs of branches, which are respectively their results, are all..with reference to the results, of a division performed on a trunk of a lower rank, superordinate. a1856 W. Hamilton tr. W. Esser in Lect. Metaphysics (1860) III. xv. 290 What belongs or does not belong to the superordinate notion, belongs or does not belong to the subordinate. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic iv. 87 Animal is Superior or Superordinate to mammal, which, as included under it,..is called Inferior or Subordinate. 1908 W. R. B. Gibson Probl. Logic vii. 75 We cannot..bring it under any superordinate genus, nor can we connect it with any co-ordinate species fulfilling a function logically similar to its own. 1968 J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Linguistics x. 455 Red is superordinate with respect to its hyponyms. 2010 L. J. Brinton & D. M. Brinton Ling. Struct. Mod. Eng. vi. 151 The meaning of the hyponym entails the meaning of the superordinate term (scarlet entails red). b. Grammar. Of a sentence, clause, or word: superior in relation to a subordinate element; that is the principal sentence, clause, or word. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic relations > [adjective] > superordinate principalc1414 superordinate1858 1858 J. Gibbs Latin Analyst 53 The parenthetic marks ( ) are employed to express the insertion of one clause, whether subordinate or superordinate, within another. 1894 W. W. Valentine New High German II. xiv. 23 The complex sentence contains one or more principal or superordinate clauses, and one or more subordinate or dependent clauses. 1934 R. C. Priebsch & W. E. Collinson German Lang. vi. 318 The older construction is characterized by the precedence of the superordinate infinite, e.g. lassen tragen. 1979 Trans. Philol. Soc. 37 In Italian promotion of the subordinate si into the superordinate clause..results in the unacceptable sequence si si. 2011 J. M. Anderson Domain Syntax vii. 343 The imperative sense is..embodied in the superordinate verb. B. n. 1. A person who is superior to another in rank, position, or power. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > [noun] > person of > specific superior un-i-makeOE betterOE higherOE greaterc1350 priora1425 overerc1443 superior?a1475 superordinate1816 1816 J. Bentham Extract Constit. Code: Official Aptitude Maximized 14 Service rendered by a subordinate, the superordinate not having contributed any thing to the performance of it. 1854 H. Hughes Treat. Sociol. v. ii. 210 In the military and maritime orders, the orderers or superordinates are officers. 1916 Agronomy Jrnl. 8 340 Will a young man develop most rapidly by publishing independently or jointly with his superordinates? 1980 Eng. World-wide 1 i. 143 Afrikaaners still feel threatened by English,..and use it to superordinates or equals rather than to subordinates or intimates. 2008 C. Francis & D. R. Heise in J. Clay-Warner & D. T. Robinson Social Struct. & Emotion vii. 126 In Study 1 we treated the actor who instigated emotion as a superordinate, a peer, or a subordinate. 2. Logic and Linguistics. That which is of a higher order or category within a particular system of classification; a superordinate term, clause, or concept. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical classification > [noun] > a division, group, or class > categories in relation to each other summum genus1592 subaltern genusa1705 superordinate1817 non-class1936 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic relations > [noun] > subordination > superordinate superordinate1934 1817 J. Bentham Chrestomathia Pt. II 225 The relation which, by the lesser aggregate designated by the name attached to any such subordinate trunk, is borne to the greater aggregate designated by the name attached to its immediate superordinate, is the same as that which..a species bears to its next immediate genus. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1860) III. xi. 188 One concept is subordinate to another, (which may be called the Superordinate), when the former is included within, or makes a part of, the sphere or extension of the latter. 1867 L. H. Atwater Man. Elem. Logic ii. 69 The Genus divided as being the higher, is sometimes called the Super-ordinate. 1934 R. C. Priebsch & W. E. Collinson German Lang. vi. 318 Extensions of the infinitives and participles..sometimes follow their superordinates. 1972 Jrnl. Social Psychol. 86 302 The use of a superordinate..functionally eliminated one element from the set. 2004 J. Field Psycholinguistics 75 Connections link a particular concept to its characteristics (tomato is linked to round)..as well as to associated concepts including co-hyponyms and superordinates (lettuce and salad). Compounds superordinate goal n. an objective which takes precedence over others; spec. (in Psychology and Sociology) one which can only be achieved through the cooperation of a group, and which transcends the individual aims of those in the group. ΚΠ 1932 E. C. Tolman Purposive Behavior in Animals & Men viii. 128 We turn now..to an experiment which indicates the ability of the rat to respond to a hierarchy of subordinate and superordinate goals. 1954 M. Sherif in Amer. Sociol. Rev. 19 771/2 Superordinate goals are introduced with the aim of studying the reduction of intergroup tension to derive realistic leads for the integration of hostile groups. 1997 N. L. Stein & E. R. Albro in M. Bamberg Narr. Devel. i. 32 Reinstating a goal after success can also occur, especially when narrators set up a situation where a superordinate goal is continually reinstated in conjunction with the achievement of subgoals. 2008 Science 30 May 1133 There is no more vivid example than the recognition by the United States and the Soviet Union that avoiding nuclear war was a superordinate goal that could only be achieved by cooperation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). superordinatev. transitive (chiefly passive). To make superior in rank, position, or power; to place in a higher order or category. Frequently with to. ΚΠ 1675 J. Smith Christian Relig. Appeal ii. viii. 89 The framing of Gospel-motives so, as they clash not with, but are superordinated to..those of the Law..speaks the Compilers to have been men of well composed Minds. 1832 Fraser's Mag. Oct. 259 Reason as contrasted with Understanding, and superordinated to it. 1853 W. Hamilton Lect. Logic App. ii. 443 Two notions are superordinated to a third. 1906 H. W. Armit tr. A. Forel Hypnotism ii. 41 Groups of elements of the various areas of the cerebral cortex..form a group complex of fibres..superordinated to the other centres. 1971 E. van den Haag in J. R. Pennock & J. W. Chapman Privacy & Personality viii. 153 Courts have always had to decide when to superordinate the claims of law enforcement to those of privacy. 2004 D. Marzona Minimal Art 21/1 The conception of a work is superordinated to its execution. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1615v.1675 |
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