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单词 bristle
释义

bristlen.

/ˈbrɪs(ə)l/
Forms: Middle English brustel, Middle English brestel, brostle, Middle English brustil, bristil, brestle, Middle English bru-, brystyl(le, burstyll, 1500s brisle, bristel(l, 1500s–1600s brissel, brissle, 1500s– bristle.
Etymology: Middle English brustel , brostle , corresponding to Middle Dutch borstel (burstel ), Dutch borstel (masculine), Low German börssel (feminine): a derivative of the simpler form found in Old English byrst , Old Norse burst (feminine), Old High German burst (masculine), borst (neuter), bursta (weak feminine) (Middle High German borst , bürst (masculine and neuter), borste (feminine), German borste , feminine): see birse n. The Old Germanic form of the root-syllable is *bors-, pointing to Aryan *bhers-: compare Sanskrit bhṛshtí-s ‘point, prong, edge’. There may have been an Old English *brystl, and Old Saxon *brustil, as direct source of the Middle English and Low German forms.
1.
a. One of the stiff hairs that grow on the back and sides of the hog and wild boar; used extensively by brushmakers, shoemakers, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [noun] > coat > hair, wool, or fur > bristle
birsea700
brusta1000
bristlec1314
setule1826
seta1858
chaeta1896
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > hair > specific type or of specific animal
horsehairc1305
bristlec1314
brock-wool1500
camel's hair1771
fine hair1885
pig wool1892
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > [noun] > group Suiformes (hippos and pigs) > family Suidae (swine) > sus scrofa (wild boar and descendants) > wild boar > parts of
bristlec1314
gard1575
hure1844
guard1849
a1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 156 Hyre twigu beoð swylce swinen byrst.]
c1314 Guy Warw. (A) 3680 Nought worth the brestel of a swin.
c1320 Sir Beves 747 His Brostles were gret and long.
c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 148 As bristil bryngiþ in þe þreed.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. lxxxvii. 1237 We clepen þe brustels of swyne setas in latyn and sowters clepen hem brustels and sowen þerwiþ.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 52 Brystylle or brustylle [1499 burstyll], seta.
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Cij Couered with bristels or bigge heares.
1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 35 Their brissels more than halfe shed.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. v. 2 I will not open my lippes so wide as a brissle may enter. View more context for this quotation
1735 W. Somervile Chace i. 377 High on their bent Backs erect Their pointed Bristles stare.
1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 300 Bristles are the stiff, glossy hairs growing on the backs of wild and domesticated swine.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 533 In 1864 our Imports of Bristles were..2,346,135 lbs.
b. transferred. A filament of material other than natural bristle in the head of a brush, frequently with defining word as nylon (wire, etc.) bristle.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > synthetic resins and plastics > [noun] > synthetic filament in brush
bristlea1935
a1935 T. E. Lawrence Mint (1955) i. xxii. 76 Six of us and six wire brushes: but these were mangy things, with half their bristles missing.
1954 [implied in: H. R. Mauersberger in Matthews's Textile Fibers (ed. 6) xviii. 946 Nylon-bristled toothbrushes. (at nylon-bristled at nylon n. and adj. Compounds 1c)].
1969 Sears, Roebuck Catal. Spring–Summer 869/3 Double brush... 1 side has wire bristles for removing snarls; other side natural bristles for smoothing hair.
2. gen. A short, stiff, pointed or prickly hair or similar appendage on other animals; the short hairs on the face of men when thickened and stiffened by shaving.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > hair on lower part of face > [noun]
bristlea1300
subboscos1579
suberch1592
stubblea1596
whiskerc1600
facial hair1830
face fungus1904
zit1912
five o'clock shadow1937
shrubbery1937
the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [noun] > coarse or bristling
bristlea1300
kempc1386
wire hair1817
the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > villosity or ciliation > [noun] > hairiness > bristle
bristlea1300
jag1519
hispidity1660
macrochaeta1881
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > sharp unevenness > [noun] > a sharp prominence > small
tinea700
bristlea1300
denticlec1400
prickle?c1425
tooth?1523
serra1800
spikelet1851
a1300 K. Alis. 6621 The delfyn..rerith up his brustelis grymme.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde ii. vi. 71 Peple that..haue brestles aboute their mosell lyke swyne.
1591 J. Lyly Endimion ii. iii. sig. D3 That chin..shalbe filled with brissles as hard as broome.
1611 L. Barry Ram-Alley ii. sig. Cv When I was young and..wore the brissell on my vpper lipe.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Cats bristles [whiskers] have a large solid pith in the middle.
1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. II. 129 Some of the Annelides possess a third kind of bristles, which M. Savigny terms hooked bristles.
3. In plants: ‘A stiff hair or any slender outgrowth which may be likened to a hog's bristle’ (Gray); a setaceous appendage or seta.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > hair or bristle > [noun]
hair1631
villus1704
bristle1759
striga1760
seta1793
glochidium1882
1759 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. (ed. 7) at Cnicus Striated Seeds..encompassed at the Top with a Crown of stiff Bristles.
1800 E. Darwin Phytologia xiv. iii. 348 The young shoots were covered with very numerous bristles, which appeared to be an armour purposely produced to defend them these destructive insects.
1807 J. E. Smith Introd. Physiol. & Systematical Bot. 228 Some species of Galium are admirably characterized by the bristles of their leaves..being hooked backward or forward.
1875 C. Darwin Insectivorous Plants 322 Tipped with a stiff short bristle.
4. figurative. to set up one's bristles: to show temper, resistance, or pride; to bristle up, ‘put up one's back’. to set up any one's bristles: to arouse such feelings in him. And similar phrases.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > be proud [verb (intransitive)] > behave proudly
swella1250
to make it stoutc1315
to bear oneself stout1338
bridlea1475
to make it prouda1500
strut1518
to set up one's bristles1529
strut?c1570
square1584
square1590
swagger1600
to take on1603
puff1633
fluster1698
to hold one's head high1707
crest1713
to set out the shin1719
straddle1802
the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > irritate [verb (transitive)]
gremec893
grillc897
teenOE
mispay?c1225
agrillec1275
oftenec1275
tarya1300
tarc1300
atenec1320
enchafec1374
to-tarc1384
stingc1386
chafe?a1400
pokec1400
irec1420
ertc1440
rehete1447
nettlec1450
bog1546
tickle1548
touch1581
urge1593
aggravate1598
irritate1598
dishumour1600
to wind up1602
to pick at ——1603
outhumour1607
vex1625
bloody1633
efferate1653
rankle1659
spleen1689
splenetize1700
rile1724
roil1742
to put out1796
to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823
roughen1837
acerbate1845
to stroke against the hair, the wrong way (of the hair)1846
nag1849
to rub (a person, etc.) up the wrong way1859
frump1862
rattle1865
to set up any one's bristles1873
urticate1873
needle1874
draw1876
to rough up1877
to stick pins into1879
to get on ——1880
to make (someone) tiredc1883
razoo1890
to get under a person's skin1896
to get a person's goat1905
to be on at1907
to get a person's nanny1909
cag1919
to get a person's nanny-goat1928
cagmag1932
peeve1934
tick-off1934
to get on a person's tits1945
to piss off1946
bug1947
to get up a person's nose1951
tee1955
bum1970
tick1975
1529 J. Frith Pistle Christen Reader sig. Aij Cruell adversaryes which set up their bristles, sainge, why, then, shall we do no good workes?
1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie liii. 316 Should the Jewes..set vp their bristles against God.
1589 T. Cooper Admon. People of Eng. 198 It is good to teach vs to pull downe our brissles, when we waxe proude.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 214 The more she strokes him, the more his bristles seem to rise.
1873 E. M. Goulburn Thoughts Pers. Relig. iv. iii. 271 The feeling that he is to be lectured..sets a man's bristles up.

Compounds

C1. General attributive: as bristle brush; bristle-armed, bristle-backed, bristle-bearing, bristle-leaved, bristle-like, bristle-pointed adj., bristle-shaped adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > hair or bristle > [adjective] > having hair
beardedc1450
downy1551
cottoned1578
friezed1578
maned1578
woolly1578
hairy1597
bristle-pointed1601
comous1657
fimbrious1657
tomentous1657
shagged1671
tomentose1698
crinated1724
villose1727
hispid1753
pubescent1760
setose1760
villous1766
lashed1776
silky1776
strigous1776
sericeous1777
awny1786
awned1787
strigose1793
shaggy1796
stupose1799
thready1804
feather-headed1821
setous1822
aristate1829
filamentous1835
fimbriate1836
puberulent1841
puberulous1841
sericated1848
barbate1853
strigillose1857
fimbrilliferous1866
ciliolate1870
fimbrillose1884
strigulated1899
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > plant defined by leaves > [adjective] > having leaves of particular texture
rugged1587
bristle-leaved1601
rough-leaved1633
nervifoliousa1682
asperifoliate1687
lanifica1693
lanigerous1706
thick-leaved1707
smooth-leaved1731
flake-feathered1848
laniflorous1855
porophyllous1858
leiophyllous1881
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > brushing or sweeping > [noun] > brush or broom
besomc1000
bast broom1357
brush1377
broom14..
sweepc1475
duster1575
bristle brush1601
broom-besom1693
flag-broom1697
stock-brush1700
whisk1745
birch-broom1747
hair-broom1753
spry1796
corn-broomc1810
pope's head1824
whisker1825
sweeping-brusha1828
swish1844
spoke-brush1851
whisk broom1857
Turk's head1859
wisp1875
tube-brush1877
bass-broom?1881
crumb-brush1884
dusting-brush1907
palmetto brush1913
suede brush1915
swale1949
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > body and limbs > [adjective] > relating to the back > having a bristly back
bristle-backed1601
the world > space > shape > fact or condition of tapering > condition of tapering to a point > [adjective] > slender and > like a bristle
bristle-like1601
bristle-shaped1601
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 512 Cleanse it lightly with a wing or a bristle brush.
1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor Pref. D ij Bristled on the back like Hogs..as if you should say, Bristle-backt.
a1845 T. Hood Lycus The bristle-backed boar.
1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 51/1 Delicate bristle-shaped processes or setæ.
1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 404/1 Bristle-like organs.
1848 W. Gardiner Flora Forfar. 204 Bristle-pointed oat.
1863 J. A. Brewer Flora Surrey 277 Bristle-leaved Bent-grass..plentiful on Bagshot Heath.
C2. Special combinations.
bristle-bird n. a name given to certain Australian reed-warblers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > subfamily Sylviidae (warbler) > [noun] > genus Acrocephalus > other types of
grasshopper lark1766
bristle-bird1827
1827 N. A. Vigors & T. Horsfield in Trans. Linn. Soc. 15 232 He [sc. Mr. Caley] calls it in his notes ‘Bristle Bird’.
1865 J. Gould Handbk. Birds Austral. I. 343 Sphenura longirostris... Long-billed Bristle-bird.
1911 A. H. S. Lucas & W. H. D. Le Souëf Birds Austral. 330 The Bristle-birds have a shy disposition, and live in reed-beds and thickets.
1967 M. Sharland Birds of Sun 177 Such species as emu, bristle-bird and two or three other ‘historical’ kinds.
bristle-dice n. dice into which bristles were fixed to influence their position when thrown.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > dice-playing > [noun] > die or dice > false or loaded
stop-dice1540
bar1545
flat1545
gourd1545
barred dicec1555
bristle-dicec1555
fulhamc1555
graviersc1555
high manc1555
langretc1555
low manc1555
cheat1567
dice of vantage?1577
demy1591
forger1591
squarier1592
tallmen?1592
stop cater trey1605
demi-bar1606
downhill1664
high runner1670
low runner1670
doctor1688
tat1688
uphill1699
cut1711
loaded dice1771
dispatcher1798
dispatch1819
miss-out1928
c1555 Manifest Detection Diceplay sig. Ciiii Bristle dice be now to grose a prac[t]ise to be put in vse.
1680 C. Cotton in G. W. Singer Researches Hist. Playing Cards 335 This they do by false dice, as..By bristle-dice.
bristle-fern n. Trichomanes radicans.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > bristle-ferns or parts
Trichomanes1562
columella1821
bristle-fern1862
Killarney fern1863
1862 C. Kingsley Water-babies v, in Macmillan's Mag. Dec. 99/2 The Connemara heath..and the bristle-fern of the Turk waterfall.
1863 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants Bristle-fern, from the bristle that projects beyond its receptacle.
bristle-grass n. the genus Setaria.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > bristle-grass
kneed grass1597
knee-grass1706
pigeon grass1838
bristle-grass1841
pigeon millet1948
1841 Penny Cycl. XXI. 299/1 Setaria... Two [species] are indigenous in England, S. verticellata and S. viridis, and called bristle-grass.
1961 R. W. Butcher New Illustr. Brit. Flora II. 1025 The Green Bristle-grass is a loosely tufted annual with bent or erect stems 4–24 in. (10–60 cm.) high.
bristle-herring n. a genus ( Chatoessus) of the herring family, in which the last ray of the dorsal fin is prolonged into a whip-like filament.
bristle-moss n. the genus Orthotrichum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] > other mosses
golden maidenhair1578
polytrichon1578
bryon1597
maidenhair moss1597
mountain coralline1598
chalice-moss1610
purple bottle1650
water moss1663
fern-moss1698
hypnum1753
Mnium1754
rock tripe1763
feather-moss1776
scaly water-moss1796
screw moss1804
hog-bed1816
fringe-moss1818
caribou moss1831
apple moss1841
bristle-moss1844
scale-moss1846
anophyte1850
robin's rye1854
wall moss1855
fork-moss1860
thread-moss1864
lattice moss1868
robin-wheat1886
1844 W. J. Hooker Brit. Flora II. 57 Bristle-moss; from the calyptra being generally clothed with hairs.
bristle-worm n. a chætopod.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Annelida > [noun] > class Chaetopoda > member of
bristle-worm1908
fireworm1953
1908 Westm. Gaz. 8 Aug. 16/3 There is..a similarity in the eyes of the bristle-worm to those of the fly.
1941 J. S. Huxley Uniqueness of Man ix. 192 Certain marine bristle-worms (Polychaetes).
bristleworts n. (plural) Lindley's name for the family Desvauxiaceæ, small tufted herbs with bristly leaves.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

bristlev.1

/ˈbrɪs(ə)l/
Forms: Also Middle English brustel, brystylle, 1600s brizle, brisle, brusle, brussel, brussle, brustle, brystle, 1800s (dialect) brisle, brizzle.
Etymology: < bristle n. See also brustle v.2
I. intransitive.
1. Of hair, quills, etc.: To be, become or stand, stiff and bristly. to bristle up: to rise like bristles.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > horripilation > [verb (intransitive)]
bristle1480
to stick upa1500
to stand or start widdershins1513
upstart1513
starta1522
stare?1523
to start up1553
rousea1616
horripilate1623
stiver1790
uprise1827
upstare1886
the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [verb (intransitive)] > coarse or bristling
standc1225
bristle1480
1480 W. Caxton tr. Ovid Metamorphoses xiii. cxlv The heer on my body..is longe and brustelith lyke brustelis.
1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Arricciare..ones haire to stare or stand on end, to brizle.
1680 T. Otway Hist. Caius Marius v. 58 His Beard brussled.
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. xi. 392 Ere the harvest of the beard began To bristle on the chin.
1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxxvi. 317 My hair bristled up.
1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller II. 105 Mustachios bristling from under his nose.
1861 J. G. Holland Lessons in Life i. 16 The man who rises in the morning, with his feelings all bristling like the quills of a hedge-hog.
2.
a. Of an animal: to raise the bristles, as a sign of anger or excitement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (intransitive)] > raise the bristles or hackles
brustle1656
bristle1694
hackle1953
1694 J. Clayton in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 133 The howling of the Dogs he supposed..made her [i.e. the sow] come furiously brisling.
b. Of a person: to display temper or indignation, to ‘show fight.’ Also with up.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > show anger [verb (intransitive)]
swella1250
bristle1549
kick1549
the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be or become resentful [verb (intransitive)] > show indignation or resentment
bridlea1475
bristle1549
muzzle1581
snarl1597
pique1664
growl1706
to bridle up1709
grrra1963
to give attitude1975
1549 J. Olde tr. Erasmus Paraphr. 1 Tim. vi. 2 It is not semely that..they should bristle againste their maisters.
1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. C Now is my cue to bristle.
1830 J. Foster Let. in Life & Corr. J. Foster (1846) II. 160 Without bristling into anger.
1837 B. Disraeli Venetia I. 132 ‘You shall do no such thing,’ said Mrs. Cadurcis, bristling up.
1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. ix. 160 There now! don't bristle up like a hedgehog.
3.
a. To be or become bristly; to be thickly set with (bristly points).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > sharp unevenness > project as sharp prominence [verb (intransitive)] > be or become covered (as) with bristles
bristle1606
prickle1871
1606 G. Chapman Sir Gyles Goosecappe i. sig. B2 If your French wood brystle, let him alone [printed alore].
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iv. ii. 32 Brisling with bushes and overgrown with wood.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. v. ix. 286 All France to the utmost borders bristles with bayonets.
1850 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire I. i. 38 The sea-line..bristles with projecting headlands.
b. figurative, as in to bristle with difficulties.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > present difficulties [verb (intransitive)] > present many difficulties
to bristle with difficulties1864
1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad II. i. 105 A Latin preface..bristling with Greek quotations.
1875 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life (ed. 2) ii. i. 51 The fine arts bristle all over with technical difficulties.
4. To be actively or aggressively astir with.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > act or do vigorously [verb (intransitive)] > be brisk or active > be full of brisk activity
bustle1774
bristle1844
hum1889
jumpc1938
1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen xv. 205 Bristling with zeal.
1884 Evangelical Mag. Jan. 36 The old place once more bristled with life.
II. transitive.
5.
a. To erect stiffly (hair, etc.) like bristles: chiefly in a temper of hostility. Also with up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > horripilation > [verb (transitive)]
bristlea1616
frizz1791
to bolt upright1794
stiver1886
the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > show hostility to [verb (transitive)] > erect stiffly, esp. in hostility
bristlea1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. iii. 150 Now..Doth dogged warre bristle his angry crest. View more context for this quotation
1626 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. VIII. O.T. xxi. 393 So doe sauage beasts bristle vp themselues..when they are in danger of loosing the prey.
1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 309 [Bears] champing their teeth, and bristling their hair, in a frightful manner.
1793 W. Roberts Looker-on No. 63. 501 Those aspiring asparagus, that bristle up their vegetable spears.
1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies iv. 153 He would..bristle up his feathers, just as a cock-robin would.
b. figurative.
ΚΠ
1598 G. Chapman tr. Homer Seauen Bks. Iliades i. 192 Thetis's son at this stood vex'd, his heart Bristled his bosom.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. i. 97 Which makes him..bristle vp The crest of youth against your dignity. View more context for this quotation
1616 T. Adams Sacrifice of Thankefulnesse 60 The Great-one bristles vp himselfe, and conceats himselfe higher by the head then all the rest.
6. To furnish with a bristle or bristles; to make bristly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > sharp unevenness > project sharply from [verb (transitive)] > furnish with (a) sharp projection(s) > make bristly
bristle1678
1678 A. Littleton Linguæ Latinæ Liber Dictionarius To bristle a shooe-makers thread. Inseto.
1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling (ed. 2) 37 Your hook should be bristled, that is..fasten a hog's bristle under the silk.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam cv. 164 Ice..bristles all the brakes and thorns To yon hard crescent.
7. To cover as with bristles, to cause to bristle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > sharp unevenness > project sharply from [verb (transitive)] > furnish with (a) sharp projection(s) > cover with sharp projections
engrail1576
jag1748
bristle1837
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. iii. iv. 166 Bristle yourself round with cannon.
1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold II. vi. vi. 140 He would bristle all the land with castles.
8. To ruffle violently, exasperate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > make uneven [verb (transitive)] > make rough
engrail1576
roughen1582
unplain1611
unsmooth1626
asperate1656
granulate1692
to rough upa1722
rough1728
ruffle1731
jar18..
crizzle1821
bristle1872
grain1888
1872 J. S. Blackie Lays of Highlands 40 The black squall..Bristles the soft lake to a Fury.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bristlev.2

Forms: In Middle English brystylle, 1500s bristell, brissle, burstle, 1600s brusle, brustle, (1800s dialect brizzle, bruzzle).
Etymology: The forms brusle , brustle , suggest adoption from 15–16th cent. French brusle-r to burn, Provençal bruslar , Italian brustolare ; but the earlier bristle , brissle , makes this derivation doubtful, as does also the Scots form birsle v.
Obsolete exc. dialect.
1. transitive. To render the surface of (anything) crisp with heat; to toast, scorch, parch.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > subject or expose to heat or fire [verb (transitive)] > damage or injure by heat or fire > scorch
scorklec1374
bristle1483
scorch1511
birsle1513
sparch1532
scrimplea1572
bescorch1582
scorch1602
sizzle1603
fry1695
char1805
Phrygianize1836
swinge1844
1483 Cath. Angl. 44 To Brystylle, vstillare.
1562 W. Turner Bk. Natures Bathes Eng. f. 17, in 2nd Pt. Herball Let him perche or bristell at the fyre Nigella Romana.
1691 J. Ray N. Country Words ‘The sun brustles the hay’ i.e. dries it.
1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. Brizzle or Bruzzle, to scorch, near to burning; to broil.
1877 F. Ross et al. Gloss. Words Holderness (E.D.S.) Bruzzled-peas.
2. intransitive (for reflexive). To become crisp with heat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > be subjected or exposed to heat or fire [verb (intransitive)] > suffer damage or injury by heat or fire > be scorched
scorkenc1175
snarchea1200
scorchc1430
brass1481
scald1513
bristle1788
grill1842
1788 Gentleman's Mag. i. 189 They [peas] will then parch, crack, as we provincially [Northumberland] call it, bristle.

Derivatives

ˈbristled adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > [adjective] > injured by heat or fire > scorched
a-roastc1300
broillyc1400
bristled1553
scorcheda1616
charred1794
birsled1833
charked1870
1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Eneados vii. x. 109 Blunt styngis, of the brissillit tre [MSS. byrsillit].
1562 W. Turner Herball (1568) ii. 93 The perched or burstled peasen..called in Northumberland Carlines.
1691 J. Ray N. Country WordsBrusled pease’ i.e. parched pease.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.a1300v.11480v.21483
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